Index
The editor prepared the index with a view to facilitating searches by correspondence and their contents as well as by people, places, events, and topics. To that end, Gov. Bernard’s papers can be found under the following entries: “Bernard, Francis, CORRESPONDENCE; —IN-LETTERS; —LETTERS TO; —OUT-LETTERS; —PAPERS.” “Bernard, Francis, LETTERS TO,” arranges out-letters by correspondent, with subentries covering the topics that were discussed thus, “Amherst, Jeffery, about: Acadians.” In addition, “Bernard, Francis, LETTERS RECEIVED FROM” catalogues in-letters by their authors. Entries for individual correspondents, such as for “Amherst, Sir Jeffery,” permits a search for “letters to FB about” particular topics given in subentries. Both the entries for “Bernard, Francis” and those for individual correspondents contain the subentries “replies to” and “writes to” that pertain to discussions of correspondence rather than to the contents of the transcripts printed in this volume; “letters ... listed” refers the reader to items calendared in Appendix 3. Information on Bernard can be found under the entry “Bernard, Francis, ABOUT,” while Bernard’s views are given under “Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON”. Entries for “Legislation, British; —English; —Massachusetts” contain subentries of short-titles of acts as an aid to reading the governor’s instructions printed in Appendices 1 and 2. Italicised locators indicate pages with a reference to an endnote containing biographical information.
A
Acadia, Territory of, 234, 263–64, 310, 343, 346, 355, 369, 375. See also Sagadahoc, Territory of Acadians
arrival at Boston, 260–61, 267, 271–72
deported from Nova Scotia, 260–61, 266
and France, 13, 386, 393–94, 397, 419, 422
and religion, 386
resettlement of, 267, 273, 386, 394, 397
Achilles, HMS (warship), 52n
Acquart, Benjamin (of Martinique), 157–58, 195–96
letters from FB listed, 508
Admiralty, High Court of, 414, 446
Affleck, Sir Edmund (Royal Navy officer), letter from FB listed, 505
Albany (N.Y.), 48, 50, 74, 206, 438. See also Massachusetts Regiments: musters: at Albany
Alexander, Sir William (first earl of Stirling) and Nova Scotia, 238, 264–65, 308, 356, 369, 392
Alexander, William (of New Jersey), 356
Alsop, Anthony ([1672-1726], stepfather of FB), 3
American Colonies
government of (see under Government, Colonial)
governors of (see under Governors, Colonial)
and Great Britain, 360, 366 (see also Trade, Colonial)
new colonies, 361
north of Massachusetts, 390
revenues from, 420
south of Massachusetts, 63, 209–10, 213, 398, 431, 441
trade (see under Trade, Colonial)
westward expansion of, 392
mentioned, 13, 297, 351, 414, 462, 464, 466
Amherst, Sir Jeffery (British general)
on deportation of Acadians, 261, 272
on Assembly and Crown requisitions, 91–92, 101, 188
on Belcher, 261
and embargo
imposes, 195
lifts, 230–31
knighthood of, 125
letters from FB listed, 497–511
letters to FB about
Boston trading with Quebec and Montréal, 56
Simon Butler, 86
Council, congratulations of, 85–86
Crown requisitions for provincial forces, 86, 90–93
embargo, 194–95, 211–12, 222–23, 230–31
Massachusetts regiments, organization of, 497–509, 86, 106–7, 188–89, 291
Massachusetts regiments, raising of, 93–94, 100–102, 186
St. John’s, French invasion of, 245–46
letters to FB listed, 497–509
on raising Massachusetts regiments
and deserters, 291
and enlistment certificates, 291
enlistments, progress in 107
and terms of service, 101–2, 186, 188
and Pontiac’s Rebellion, 437
on British POWs, 272
replies to FB, 55, 75, 86, 93, 101, 104, 106, 118, 148, 151, 184, 186–88, 209, 211, 222, 245, 247, 267, 271, 291, 380
on intelligence concerning smuggling
and Boston merchants, 212, 220
and Newfoundland, 261
and North American ports, 195
on spruce beer, 189
on truckhouses, 87
mentioned, 46, 48, 50, 95, 115, 121, 178, 187, 243, 246, 248, 262, 423
Amherst, William (British army officer), 13, 50, 262, 278, 281, 287, 291
Anglicanism, 15. See also Church of England
Anne, Queen, 64
Anneau (smuggler), 115
Antelope, HMS (man of war), 242, 250, 253–56, 262, 278, 280, 287
Antigua, 350
Ashurst, Henry, 318
Assembly (the Council and the House of Representatives). See also under Council; House of Representatives
and boundary dispute between Massachusetts and
New Hampshire, 331
Nova Scotia, 232, 290, 308, 343, 346
cessation of arms, address on, 322, 324, 328
and Mashpees, 181–82
and Massachusetts regiments (see under House of Representatives: and Massachusetts regiments)
and Mount Desert Island grant, 180–85, 239, 290, 344, 437
and Mount Desert Island grant listed, 502
and Penobscot township grants, 334, 345, 347, 391
and province agent, 239, 319–20, 327
and truckhouses, 75
Atchikou (Nichicun), Lake, (Labrador), 76
Atchoua (Ashuanipi) Lake (Labrador), 76
Atkins, Henry (ship’s captain of Boston), 76–82
Atkins, Silas (master of schooner Dolphin), 244
Atkinson, Theodore (of N.H.), 179n
letter from FB listed, 508
Attorney General and Solicitor General (Great Britain), 289, 330
Attorney General of Massachusetts, 411–12
Auchmuty, Robert (Mass. official), 160n, 445–46, 450
Augustus II ([1696-1763], king of Poland), 209
B
Bacon, Edward (mp), as co-signatory, 105, 110, 161, 174, 230, 310, 323, 330, 351, 361, 421
Baker Island (Maine), 275
Baker, John (Boston merchant), 116n
Baker, William (mp), 153
Barbados, 350
Barbarie, John, letter from FB listed, 508
Barnard (N.H.), 389
Barnet, William (physician of Philadelphia), 429
letter from FB listed, 511
Barons controversy
about, 15
Barons v. Paxton, 134, 136, 178
discussed, 72, 83, 94, 176–77, 374 (see also Erving v. Craddock)
Barons, Benjamin (customs officer)
and Barrington, 138
and England, 146
friends of, 139
and Greenleaf, 119
and House of Representatives, 177
and merchants, 72, 83, 132, 153, 175 (see also Otis, James Jr.: and Barons)
and Mississippi smuggler, 119–20
mentioned, 88, 94, 126, 145, 170–71
Barrington family, 166
Barrington, John (British army officer), 43, 46–47, 49, 58
Barrington, Lady, 362
Barrington, Lord (British politician)
about, 33
Barrington-Bernard Correspondence, 1
and FB (see Bernard, Francis, ABOUT: and Barrington)
on career prospects of FB, 47, 58
on Francis Bernard Jr., 47, 58
letters from FB listed, 497–510
letters from FB received, 42, 47, 58
letters to FB about
Barrington family, 43, 47–48, 58, 172
governor of Massachusetts, FB’s appointment as, 42–43
Naval Office, 171–72
letters to FB listed, 497–508
mentioned, 39, 68–69, 82, 165, 239, 327, 390
Barrington, Samuel (Royal Navy officer), 51
Barrington, Shute (canon and future bishop of Llandaff and Durham), 58, 69, 172, 434
Bartlet (master of Bristol Packet), 237
Bass Harbor (Mount Desert Is., Maine), 275–76
Bass, Rev. Edward, 152n
letter from FB listed, 501
Bastide, John Henry (British army officer), 151n, 221
letter from FB listed, 500
Battle of Devil’s Hole Road (nr. Fort Niagara), 439
Battle of Signal Hill (Nfld.), 13
Bay of Bulls (Nfld.), 12, 243, 246, 248, 259
Beauclerk, Lord (British army officer), 47
Beckett House (Berks., Eng.), 172
Belcher, Jonathan (colonial governor)
on deportation of Acadians, 260–61, 267
letters to FB about
Acadians, 267
boundary dispute between Massachusetts and Nova Scotia, 263–65
letters to FB listed, 500, 505–6, 508
Penobscot township grants, alerts Board of Trade to, 14
reinforcements, requests, 247–48
Sagadahoc, disputes Massachusetts’s claims to, 234–35, 263–65
mentioned, 13, 232, 266, 273, 310–11, 343, 346
Belle Isle (Quiberon Bay), capture of, 137
Belouan, Mons. (merchant of Bordeaux), 445
Benjamin and Samuel (merchant ship), 99
Beresford, Jane (cousin of FB), 7, 33, 41
Beresford, William (husband of Jane Beresford), 42n
Berkshire County (Mass.), 130, 229, 266, 411
Bernard, Amelia (née Offley, [c.1719-26 May, 1778], wife of FB), 17, 43, 47, 49, 58, 129, 172, 178, 203. See also Bernard, Francis, ABOUT: marriage of
and America, 47
at Portsmouth (N.H.), 277
recipes of, 172
Bernard, Frances Elizabeth [b.25 Jul. 1757], daughter of FB), 33
Bernard, Francis, ABOUT
Anglicanism of, 15
and Barrington, 6
Cape Breton, receives coal from, 380
Castle William, refurbishes apartments at, 286
childhood of, 3
children of, 6
and Cockle, 359
England, personal affairs in, 65
family life, 6–7
family, portraits of, 6
finances of, 7, 66, 68, 70–71, 90, 142, 286, 300, 364
friendships of, 288
as governor of Massachusetts
instructions, 2, 6, 8, 27, 39, 46–47 (see also Governor of Massachusetts, Instructions as)
opposition to, 15–16
political strategy, 9–11
responsibilities, 8
salary, 66
as governor of New Jersey, 66, 70
and Halifax, 9
and Harvard College, 14–15
health of, 61n
inheritance of, 3
marriage of, 3–6
and Mount Desert Island, 7, 14
Privy Council, petitions, 436–37
first visit, 273, 274–77, 296, 301
second visit, 238, 378, 424, 426, 431
and New Jersey, 42
and Pownall, Thomas, 46n
and province agents, 15
Bernard, Francis, CORRESPONDENCE. See Bernard, Francis, IN-LETTERS; —LETTERS TO; —OUT-LETTERS
with British administrations, 8–9
colonial governors, receives letters for, 64
contemporary editions of, 1
as co-signatory, 182
legislation, sends copies of Massachusetts, 99, 192, 348
letterbooks, 1–2
letters published, 26
listed, 495–511
original letters, 2
with John Pownall, 8–9 (see Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: Pownall, John: correspondence with)
privacy and secrecy of, 26, 315, 364
Bernard, Francis, IN-LETTERS. See under Amherst, Sir Jeffery: letters to FB about; Barrington, Lord—; Belcher, Jonathan—; Board of Trade—; Egremont, Earl of—; Gage, Thomas—; Halifax, Earl of—; Pitt, William—; Pownall, John—; Warburton, William—; Wilbraham, Randle—. See also under Bernard, Francis, LETTERS RECEIVED FROM
Belcher’s message to Nova Scotia Assembly, 235
Board of Trade heads of enquiry, 111
Board of Trade minutes, 310
enlistment certificates, 124
Halifax, letter from, 39
Lamb’s opinion for the Board of Trade, 230
orders-in-council, 60
Pitt, letter from, 63
John Pownall’s letter to James West, 161
provincial acts, titles of, 174, 324
Treasury memorial, 421
Bernard, Francis, LETTERS RECEIVED FROM
Amherst, 55, 74, 102, 121, 147, 162, 169, 231, 266
Barrington, 45, 48, 69, 142, 153, 159, 164, 166, 177, 309
Board of Trade, 140, 176, 341, 367
Bollan, 65
Boone, 73
Halifax, 44
Keen, 372
Bernard, Francis, LETTERS TO
Amherst, Jeffery, about
Benjamin Acquart, 218–20
Amherst’s departure, 430
British Army, recruitment to, 295
Simon Butler, 112–14
Canada, reduction of, 55
Castle William’s defences, 169
embargo on coastal trade, 204, 209, 255–56, 212–14, 224–26, 231–32
French forts, 111–12
Gut of Canso, alarm in, 267–68
Kennebec River survey, 357–58, 373, 379, 424–25
Massachusetts regiments
mutiny in, 372
organization of, 74, 123–24, 147–48, 162, 295–96, 359, 373, 379
raising of, 95–97, 102–4, 118, 121–22, 125, 137, 147, 151, 183–84, 198–99, 208–9, 220–22, 224, 233–34, 291–93
POWs (from St. John’s), 256–58, 266, 269–71
replies to, 55, 74, 93, 102, 121, 147, 162, 169, 187, 204, 255–56, 261, 267, 269, 273, 295, 359, 372, 377, 379, 430
smuggling, 215–17
St. John’s, French invasion of, 242–44, 246–47, 249–50, 253–54
St. John’s, recapture of, 255–56
writes to, 95, 115, 216, 246, 248, 331
Barnet, William, about
replies to, 429
smallpox inoculation, 428–29
Barrington, Lord, about
Barons controversy, 138–39, 170–71, 177
Barons, dismissal of, 179n
Francis Bernard Jr., 288
Canada, reduction of, 49–51
government, reform of colonial, 167–68, 362
governor of Massachusetts, FB’s appointment as, 45–46
governor of Massachusetts, FB’s commission as, 69–71
merchants, 177–78
Mount Desert Island grant, 288–89, 378
Naval Office, appointment of sons to, 89–90, 142–43, 164–65
Pemberton’s commission, 142–43, 153, 159, 48, 284–85
replies to, 43, 45, 48, 58, 69, 142, 153, 164, 172, 177, 362
St. John’s, French invasion of, 261–63
St. John’s, recapture of, 279–81
writes to, 142, 153, 164–65, 280, 362, 390
Bass, Rev. Edward, about religious disputes, 152
Belcher, Jonathan, about
boundary dispute between Massachusetts and Nova Scotia, 232, 333–34
replies to, 333
St. John’s, French invasion of, 251–52
Board of Trade, about
Acadians, 385–87, 393–94, 396–97
Barons controversy, 132–35, 140–41
Canada, reduction of, 53–54
censure by Board, 345–48
Customhouse appointments, 325–26
legislation, Massachusetts, 190–94, 214–15, 282–83, 348–49
Mashpees, petition of, 107–8
Massachusetts regiments, raising, 108–9
Molasses Act, renewal of, 447–49
new towns, incorporation of, 130–31
new towns, representation of, 352–54
Penobscot township grants, 334
replies to, 41, 60, 140, 174, 311, 345, 352, 447
Sagadahoc, Massachusetts’s claims to, 345–48
trade laws, enforcement of, 134–35, 140–41, 446–48
writes to, 138, 153, 193, 214, 237, 307, 322, 334, 337, 353, 362, 366, 393, 397, 450–51
Bollan, William, about
Bollan, dismissal of, 239–40
governor of Massachusetts, FB’s commission as, 65–67
Mount Desert Island grant, 239–40
Vice Admiralty court, 159–60
Boone, Thomas, about
charity, 72–73
law, colonial, 296–97
Cockle, James, about enforcement of trade laws, 358–59
Colden, Cadwallader, about Abraham Unkamug, 205–6
colonels of Massachusetts regiments about suttling regulations, 149–51
Egremont, Earl of, about
Harvard College, 236
Massachusetts regiments, raising, 197
Mount Desert Island grant, 179–81, 303–4
replies to, 164, 197, 324, 382, 426
trade laws, enforcement of, 426–27
Ellis, Welbore, about
Mount Desert Island, 431
replies to, 430
Fitch, Thomas, about Pontiac’s Rebellion, 442
Fitzherbert, William, about potash production, 395–96
Franklin, Benjamin, about sons of FB, 439–40
Gage, Thomas, about
Massachusetts regiments, raising, 440–41
Halifax, Earl of, about
Canada, reduction of, 56
governor, FB’s appointment as, 44–45
Halifax’s appointment, 443–44
Naval Office, 89
public affairs, 61
Harvard College, Board of Overseers of, about western college, 189–90
Jackson, Richard, about
government, reform of colonial, 387–89, 390
Harvard College, 241–42
Molasses Act, renewal of, 390, 432–33
Mount Desert Island grant, 286–87, 309
Penobscot township grants, 339–40, 391
province agent, election of, 318–20, 327–28, 384–85
replies to, 384
Sagadahoc, Massachusetts’s claims to, 237–38, 307–9, 313–15, 354–56, 364, 375, 391–92
St. John’s, recapture of, 287–88
writes to, 237, 240, 313, 315, 327, 339, 364–66, 390, 391, 432
Mauduit, Jasper about
Mount Desert Island grant, 293
replies to, 293
Monckton, Robert, about Benjamin Acquart, 196
Murray, James, about Ichabod Wright, 331–32
Pitt, William, about
Mississippi, illicit trade with, 60–61, 114–16, 156
Naval Office, 144
Pocock, Sir George, about
St. John’s, French invasion of, 247–49
Pownall, John, about (see also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: Pownall, John: correspondence with)
Assembly, 95, 99, 201–2, 228, 328–29, 374
Barons controversy, 71–72, 82–84, 94, 119–20, 122–23, 175
Board of Trade, censure by, 341–42
Bollan, dismissal of, 199–201
George III, proclamation of, 64–65
government, reform of colonial, 305–7
governor of Massachusetts, FB’s commission as, 67–69
legislation, Massachusetts, 202, 383
Mashpees, petition of, 95
merchants, discontent of, 122–23, 435
Molasses Act, renewal of, 428
Mount Desert Island grant, 184–85, 289–91, 305, 365–66
Naval Office, 87–89
official correspondence, 451–52
Pemberton’s commission, 283–84
Penobscot townships, 337–38
Sagadahoc, Massachusetts’s claims to, 305–6
St. John’s, recapture of, 277–79
state of province, report on the, 383
writes to, 83, 339, 132, 138, 185, 202–3, 237, 239, 278, 289, 297, 305, 307, 328, 339, 345, 364, 366, 451
Pownall, Thomas, about (see also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: Pownall, Thomas: correspondence with)
Barons controversy, 126–27, 145–46
Francis Bernard Jr., 433–34
correspondence, 65
Sandys, Lord, acknowledging his appointment, 140
Shelburne, the Earl of, writes to, 390
Shirley, William, about (see also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: Shirley, William, correspondence with)
Assembly, 218
St. John’s, French invasion of, 244–45
Stevens, John, about
Francis Bernard Jr., 294–95
replies to, 312
writes to, 294
Thwing, Nathaniel, about court martial of Edward Blake, 149
Townshend, Charles, about
Assembly, 368
government, reform of colonial, 360
Sagadahoc, Massachusetts’s claims to, 367–68
writes to, 364, 366–67, 375, 390
Wentworth, Benning, about
boundary dispute between Massachusetts and New Hampshire, 331
Massachusetts regiments, deserters from, 249
Wilbraham, Randle, about dismissal of William Bollan, 202–3
Williams, Israel, about opposition to western college, 187
Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON
Acadians
deported from Nova Scotia, 266
illness among refugees, 266–67
resettlement of, 266, 267, 386, 394, 397
work ethic of, 394
Assembly, divisions in, 102–3
Barons, 126–27
confederacy of, 132–33
and merchants, 72
and papers concerning, 88, 126, 139, 177
and Paxton, 146
Barrington
gifts canoe to, 378
and Naval Office, 144
and patronage by, 166–67
and Pitt, 153
reimbursement, and request for, 68
Belcher, 366
Board of Trade, and his complaint to, 355–56, 363
Bernard, Francis Jr.
and Barrington, 154
career prospects of, 49, 288, 433–34
voyage to Boston of, 312
Bernard, Thomas, education of, 440
Board of Trade
and apology to, 341, 345–46, 355, 366 (see also Board of Trade: censure of FB)
censure by, 341–42, 345–47, 364
censure revoked, 362–63
Mount Desert Island grant, and confirmation of, 304–7, 362
and official correspondence, 443
Bollan
dismissal of, 200, 203, 237, 239–40, 315
and Mount Desert Island grant, 180, 237, 240, 290, 293
Boston, removal to, 45, 47, 70, 90
boundary dispute between Massachusetts and
Connecticut, 399–400
New Hampshire, 331
Nova Scotia, 297–98, 303–4, 333, 343 (see also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: Sagadahoc, Massachusetts’s claims to)
British Army, recruitment to, 233, 292
British politics, 431
British victories, 44
Butler, Simon and son, 74
census, 404
chancery courts, 414
children, his, 45, 90, 165, 178, 286, 290, 300, 363
civil list, American, 412–14
Council, divisions in, 200
counterfeiting, 191–93
Crown
royal prerogatives, 191
service, 289
Customhouse and revenue collection, 447–48
economy, colonial (see under Economy, Colonial)
Egremont, 362
embargo, coastal
food shortage, 224–26
Erving v. Craddock, 146 (see also under Erving v. Craddock)
Freemason (brigantine), seizure of, 445–46
friends of government, 376
friendships, 7
Gay, Jotham, 357
government, reform of colonial
and honors system, 167–68, 387, 390
and New England, 306, 309, 367–68, 387–89, 414 (see also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: Maine and Sagadahoc, province of)
governor of Massachusetts, instructions as, concerning land grants, 185 (see also Governor of Massachusetts, Instructions as: gifts, on and concerning)
governorship of Massachusetts
appointment, 43–45
arrival, 48
commission, expenses of, 71, 175, 286
opposition to, 364
and political strategy, 218, 356, 379
prospects, 48
and public opinion, 355–56
governorship of New Jersey, 44, 48
Gut of Canso, alarm in, 253, 268
Halifax
and Barons controversy, 72, 83–84, 94, 138
government, and reform of colonial, 364
Molasses Act, and renewal of, 451
and Naval Office, 88–90, 99, 128, 144, 153
obligations to, 313
reimbursement, and request for, 68, 71
secretary of state, appointment as, 313, 444
House of Representatives
and cessation of arms, 328
divisions in, 98–99, 135, 175, 177, 200, 202, 218, 376
harmony in, 197, 226–27, 228, 374
and opposition, 441
and royalism, 324
writs of assistance, undermining, 193–94
Hutchinson
chief justice, and appointment as, 61
as province agent, 385
Hyman, 424
Jackson
government, and reform of colonial, 364–65
and Mount Desert Island grant, 237–38, 290, 293
province agent, proposed as, 316, 318–19, 432
and Townshend, 365
King, Thomas, 178
king-in-parliament, 387
law, 370–71, 414 (see also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: trade laws: enforcement of; —: writs of assistance)
appeals, 296–97
legislation, Massachusetts, 383
Faneuil Hall Lottery Act, 207
Harvard College Lottery Act, 282–83
Lord’s Day Act (1761), observation of, 214–15
Maine and Sagadahoc, province of, 306, 309, 314, 340, 365
Martinique, defences of, 157
Massachusetts
constitution of, 412–14
and England, 398
government officers, and salaries of, 412
and trade, 349–50, 401, 403, 427 (see also under Trade, Colonial)
Massachusetts regiments
deserters, 295
discharge of, 55
enlistment certificates, 295
mutiny, 372–73
suttling, 162
Massachusetts soldiers, 11–12
Mauduit, Israel
animosity, 318
ignorance of, 317
as province agent, 318
Mauduit, Jasper
and friends of, 201
and Otis, 327
merchants
Molasses Act, and renewal of, 451 (see also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: Molasses Act, renewal of)
and newspapers, 435
and trade laws, 139, 177–78, 403
Molasses Act, renewal of, 15, 390, 428, 433, 448, 451
Mount Desert Island
development of, 238, 297–99, 301, 375, 378, 394, 396, 431
motives concerning, 337
and province agent, 22, 237–38
Mount Desert Island grant, 328, 362, 366
Assembly, and goodwill of, 176, 179
as compensation, 185, 286, 301, 344
and confirmation, 180–82, 286, 302, 304, 437
confirmation, and problems with, 14, 204, 237–38, 285–90, 298, 305, 333, 364
memorial concerning, 287, 290, 305, 307
Privy Council, and petition to, 330
Native Americans, 406–7
Naval Office
sons, and his, 7, 87–90, 128, 144, 153–54, 165–66, 175, 239 (see also Pemberton, Benjamin: and Naval Office; Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: Halifax: and Naval Office)
New Jersey, affection for, 45
New Orleans, defences of, 112, 115
new towns, representation of, 130–31, 352–53
Nova Scotia, reinforcements for, 251
Otis
and House of Representatives, 376
and merchants, 145
temper of, 319
and western college, 187
Pemberton, 362
Penobscot townships grants
and General Court, 346–47
Sagadahoc, and Massachusetts’s claims to, 335–36, 340, 343–44
settlement of, 340, 370, 375, 378
Pietas Et Gratulatio Collegii Cantabrigiensis, 236, 241–42, 321
Pitt, 153
Pittsfield, incorporation of, 130–31
Pownall, John
and Barons, 145
correspondence with, 64, 72, 99
Pownall, Thomas
correspondence with, 84, 100, 122, 126, 145, 435
governor of Massachusetts, success as, 44–46
Penobscot, and claim to, 342, 346, 355, 370
personal affairs of, 127
election of (see also under Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: Jackson: province agent, proposed as; —Mauduit, Israel: —Mauduit, Jasper)
joint agent, 201–2
public finances, 191–92
and province agent, 319
retirement, 44
Rhode Island, merchants of, 155–56
Royal Navy, customs commissions and, 450
Russell, James, 350
Sagadahoc, Massachusetts’s claims to, 285, 305, 308, 340, 346, 391 (see also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: Sagadahoc, Territory of)
Sagadahoc, Territory of, 180–81, 306 (see also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: Maine and Sagadahoc, province of)
sensibility, 430
Shirley, William, correspondence with, 217
smallpox inoculation, 429
and Hispaniola, 216
and Mississippi (see under Bernard, Francis, LETTERS TO: Pitt, William, about: Mississippi, illicit trade with)
Sally (sloop), 216
society, colonial, 11, 398–415
spruce beer, 147–48
St. John’s
and British expeditionary force, 254–55, 262
French invasion of, 243, 245, 249–50, 262
recapture of, 256–60
state of province, report concerning, 348–49, 360, 383, 414–15
Townshend
Board of Trade, as president of, 365
government, and reform of colonial, 360
trade (see under Trade, Colonial)
trade laws
contraband, indulgence of, 426–28, 431, 447
duties, 349–50
enforcement of, 15, 426, 447–49
enumerated articles, 426–27
Treasury, petition to, 71, 286
western college, 189–91
Wilbraham, 65
Willard, Levi, 394
Wright, Ichabod, 256
Bernard, Francis, OUT-LETTERS. See also under Bernard, Francis, LETTERS TO
enclosures not found, 65, 69, 89–90, 123, 129, 144, 154, 212, 217, 232, 244, 253, 299, 311, 312, 352, 363, 435, 442, 450
enclosures to
Akins, Silas, declaration of, 244
Assembly, address of, 325, 329, 368, 374
Assembly, message to, 329
Barons controversy, cases concerning, 136
Barons, papers concerning, 139
Barrington, letter to, 143, 159
Board of Trade, apology to, 342
Board of Trade, letter to, 142, 341, 354, 356
boundary commission papers, 233
boundary dispute between Massachusetts and Nova Scotia, papers on, 299, 338, 341, 346, 348
Brown, A Plain Narrative, 452
Canada, newspaper accounts of reduction of, 54
Castle William, lists of artillery from, 169
Council, address of, 75
Council, minutes of, 61, 194, 210, 214, 217, 267–68, 398
customs officers, bill to enable, 194
Dobel, William, declaration of, 247–49
Doggett, Samuel, declaration of, 243
Durfey, Richard, declaration of, 268
General Court, report of, 109
Harvard College Lottery Act, 283
House of Representatives, address of, 227
House of Representatives, journal of, 142
House of Representatives, message to, 97
Lamb, Thomas, declaration of, 250–51
Layton, Francis, deposition of, 116
Maddicks, George, declaration of, 250–51
Massachusetts regiments, paper on, 104
Meers, Garretson, declaration of, 243
memorial of FB, 303–4
Mount Desert Island grant, 181–82, 307, 328–29, 356
musters, estimate of, 224
newspaper, 436
Oliver, Andrew, letter to Jasper Mauduit, 320
Penobscot townships, grants of, 336
Penobscot townships, plan of, 342
Penobscot townships, survey of, 350
Pitt, letter to, 143
Pownall, John, letter to, 307, 309
Sagadahoc, papers on Massachusetts’s title to, 369, 371, 376
sermons, 100
St. John’s, account of surrender of, 260
Thoms, Benedict, deposition of, 116
West Indies, account of imports from, 350
Bernard, Francis, PAPERS OF
Account of the Coast of Labrador listed, 498
Account of the Surrender of St. John’s, Newfoundland, listed, 506
Answer to the Queries of the Board of Trade
about, 11
listed, 510
Apology to the Board of Trade listed, 508
Correspondence (see under Bernard, Francis, CORRESPONDENCE)
description of, 1–2, 17–26, 442–43
and editorial policy (see under Editorial Policy)
Journal of a Voyage to Mount Desert Island listed, 507
letterbooks and clerks, 17–22, 286 (see also Clerks of FB, about)
listed, 495–511
Memorial to the Board of Trade listed, 507
Petition to Privy Council, 436–37
listed, 511
State of the Facts Bearing on Massachusetts’s Title to Sagadahoc listed, 509
Bernard, Francis Jr. ([27 Sept. 1743-20 Nov. 1770], son of FB)
travels in American Colonies, 433–34, 439–40
voyage to Boston, 285, 288, 294, 312
career prospects of, 47, 90 (see also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: Naval Office: sons, and his; —: Francis Bernard, Jr.)
Bernard, Jane ([b.23 Aug. 1746], daughter of FB), 33n
Bernard, John ([26 Jan. 1745-25 Aug. 1809], son of FB), 90, 178, 389. See also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: Naval Office: sons, and his
Bernard, Julia ([b.19 Nov. 1759], daughter of FB), 33n
Bernard, Rev. Francis ([31 Dec. 1660-1715], father of FB), 3
Bernard, Scrope ([1 Oct. 1758-1830], son of FB), 33n
Bernard, Shute ([26 Jul. 1752-5 Apr. 1767], son of FB), 33n
Bernard, Thomas ([27 Apr. 1750-1 Jul. 1818], son of FB), 17, 33n, 440
Bernard, William ([27 May 1756-1776], son of FB), 33n
Bethune, George (merchant of Boston), 250n
Bishop, Thomas (Royal Navy officer), 445, 446
Black Colonists, 404
Blackbourne, Leverett (London lawyer), 41, 65–66, 68, 175
Blake, Edward (provincial officer), court martial of, 149, 151
Board of Customs Commissioners (London),
and Barons controversy, 94, 132, 135, 170
letter from FB listed, 505
and smuggling, 156
mentioned, 133–34, 325–26, 361, 381
Board of Trade
about, 8
appointment of, 111
and Barons, 161
and Barons controversy, 136, 138, 142
and boundary dispute between Massachusetts and
New York, 399
on boundary dispute between Massachusetts and Nova Scotia, 310
Canada, and reduction of, 54
withdrawn, 329
Customhouse, on appointments to, 326
on divorce, 208
George III, King, on proclamation of, 59
governor of Massachusetts, on appointment of FB as, 6, 39, 40
governor of Massachusetts, on FB’s instructions as, 453
governors, circulars to (see under Governor of Massachusetts, Circulars to)
legislation, on Massachusetts, 106, 173–74
Harvard College Lottery Act, 311–12
Hunt, Mary, act to enable, 208
impost and tonnage acts, 173–74
Lord’s Day, repeal of acts concerning observation of, 173
suspending clauses, 173
letters from FB listed, 498, 501–3, 507–11, 511
letters from FB received, 160
letters to FB about
censure of FB, 310, 329 (see also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: Board of Trade: and apology to)
George III, proclamation of, 58–60
legislation, Massachusetts, 104–6, 172–74, 228–30, 311
Mount Desert Island grant, 329–30
new towns, incorporation of, 323–24
new towns, representation of, 160–61, 229–30
peace, proclamation of, 350–52
trade duties, 174
letters to FB listed, 498-99, 502, 504, 509–10 (see also Governor of Massachusetts, Circulars to)
Mashpees, on complaint of, 109
Molasses Act, on renewal of, 15
and Mount Desert Island grant
confirmation refused, 329–30, 361
considers, 182
on national debt, 382
and patronage, 366
on Penobscot township grants, 311, 336
on incorporation of Pittsfield, 230
replies to FB, 131, 136, 160, 299, 311, 361
on state of province, 110–11, 323
on towns, 131, 160–61, 230, 324, 354
trade laws, and enforcement of, 382, 420–21
trade, on colonial, 174, 420–21
mentioned, 140, 184, 287–88, 313, 356
Bollan, William (province agent)
and Assembly, 123–24, 203, 385
dismissal of, 15, 200–203 (see also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: Bollan: dismissal of)
England, leaving, 237
and FB, 22
governor of Massachusetts, and FB’s commission as, 68–69
letters from FB listed, 498, 501–5
and parliamentary subsidy, 123–24
and Vice Admiralty Court, 160
mentioned, 8, 84, 154, 180, 416n
Boon Island (Maine), 274
Boone, Thomas (colonial governor), 44–45, 66, 68, 175
governor of New Jersey, appointed, 39, 40, 42
letters from FB listed, 497-98, 504, 507
Boston
artillery company of, 405
and Boston (Lincs., Eng.), 84
defences of, 158
and embargo, 222
latitude and longitude, 399
ministers of, 187
Point Shirley, 82n
riots in, 1
mentioned, 42, 44, 58, 107, 115, 121, 129, 182, 187, 219, 252, 273, 277, 308, 352, 367, 388, 399, 436, 440
Boston Gazette, as enclosure, 51, 54, 395
Boston Newsletter, as enclosure, 51
Boundary Disputes between Massachusetts and
New Hampshire, 399
New York, 399
Nova Scotia, 399, 14, 232, 234, 263–65, 306, 341 (see also Brief State of the Title of the Province of Massachusetts-Bay to the Country between the Rivers Kennebeck and St. Croix)
boundary commission, 263–64, 346
Boylston, Nicholas (Boston merchant), 416n
Brief State of the Title of the Province of Massachusetts-Bay to the Country between the Rivers Kennebeck and St. Croix, 14, 308, 338–39, 341, 371
Brinley, Thomas (Boston merchant), 325
Bristol (Eng.), 67, 237, 307, 337, 339
Bristol Merchant (snow), 305, 307
Britannia (merchant ship), 50, 69
British Army
60th (Royal American) Regiment of Foot, 74, 87
80th Light Armed Foot, 439
Corps of Rangers, 233
HQ at New York, 332
provisions for, 230
recruitment to, 186, 198, 205, 209, 220, 223, 231, 233, 252–53, 292, 295
Brookes, Capt. (ship’s captain), 273
letters from FB listed, 507
Brown, Thomas (of Mass.), 451
Burnet, William (colonial governor), 48
Bute, Earl of (British politician), 9, 111
Butler, Simon (of Leominster, Mass.), 74, 86, 113
Butler, Simon Jr. (recruit to provincial regiment), 74, 221
Byron, John (Royal Navy admiral), 52n
C
Cambridge University, 236
Canada, xx, 46, 50–56, 58, 75–77, 96, 112, 180, 386, 399–400, 407, 425. See also Quebec; Montréal
Caner, Rev. Henry (Boston minister), 99, 100, 152
Canso (N.S.), Gut of, alarm in, 252–53, 268
Cape Ann (Mass.), 274
Cape Bonavista (Nfld.), 243
Cape Breton Island (N.S.), 76, 380, 399
Cape Charles (Labrador), 76
Cape Chudley (Labrador), 76
Cape Elizabeth (Maine), 274
Cape Porpoise (Maine), 274
Cartel Ships, 251, 258, 269–73, 397. See also Dorothée, Le (French cartel ship)
Casey (Irish smuggler), 261
Castine (Maine), 308
Castle William
apartments at, 6, 178, 286, 300, 344, 380
garrison at, 115, 120, 221, 225, 292, 357
hospital at, 429
Massachusetts soldiers at, 295, 359
mentioned, 111, 115, 119, 157, 250, 256, 261, 274, 358, 402, 406, 445
Census, 349, 383. See also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: census
Centre for Buckingham Studies (Eng.), 2
Chamberlain, Lord, 67
Chambers, William (ship’s captain), 294, 312
Champlain, Samuel de (French explorer), 232–33
Charity, 73
Charles I, King, 264
Charles II, King, and Acadia, 346, 347, 369
Charlotte, Queen, 236n
Chauncy, Rev. Charles (1705-1787), 318n
Chesterfield, HMS (man of war), 137, 153, 165–66, 170
Chief Justice of Massachusetts, 411–12. See also Hutchinson, Thomas
Child & Co. (bank), 66
Christ Church, Oxford, 3, 8, 49, 89, 440
Church of England, 3, 99, 152, 317
Clerk no. 1 (clerk of FB)
papers in handwriting of, 45–46, 49, 51, 56, 65–66, 69–72, 73, 84, 94–95, 100–102, 107, 120, 123, 127, 139–40, 143–44, 146, 147–52, 154, 156, 159, 166, 181, 185, 188, 195, 201–3, 218, 228, 230–31, 238, 240, 242, 244, 246, 249, 251, 255, 263, 279, 284–85, 288, 291, 311, 312, 331, 374, 384–85, 389, 428
Clerk no. 2 (clerk of FB)
papers in handwriting of, 260, 281, 289, 294–95, 297, 309, 321, 356, 360, 363, 365–66, 368, 376, 379, 391, 393, 395, 414, 429, 431, 433, 435, 440, 442–43, 447, 450, 452
Clerk no. 3 (clerk of FB)
papers in handwriting of, 124, 299, 303–4, 307, 315, 317, 320, 322, 328–29, 332, 334, 338, 341–42, 345
Clerks of FB, about, 17–22
Clevland, John (British administrator), 288
Cochran, William (ship’s captain), 249
Cockle, James (customs officer), 359, 447
letter from FB listed, 509
Cognehew, Reuben (Mashpee), 11, 108–9, 383
Colden, Alexander (N.Y. postmaster), 95n
letter from FB listed, 508
Colden, Cadwallader (colonial governor), 63, 91, 206, 211, 223
letters to FB listed, 503, 498, 499, 503
College of Philadelphia, 282, 440
Colvill, Lord (Royal Navy admiral)
and customs commissions, 450
and French raid, 424
letter from FB listed, 511
and North Atlantic station, 242, 253
St. John’s, and recapture of, 254, 256–63, 278–79, 278–80, 281, 287
Commander in Chief (North America), 2, 438. See also under Amherst, Sir Jeffery; Gage, Thomas
Commissary General of Massachusetts, 411–12
Comte, Mons. (smuggler), 211
Connecticut
and Acadians, 267
charter of, 387
government, and reform of colonial, 167, 388–89, 392
Massachusetts, boundary dispute with (see under Boundary dispute between Massachusetts and: Connecticut)
and Pontiac’s Rebellion, 441–42
regiments of, 103
mentioned, 63, 204, 209, 213–14, 222, 225, 231, 319, 387–88, 391
Cooper, Rev. Samuel (Boston pastor), 100, 376
Cotton, John (dep. province secretary), 352
Council
address enclosed, 75
and boundary dispute between Nova Scotia and Massachusetts, 285
consitutional role, 8, 411, 454
and embargo, 204, 210, 213, 217, 222, 225–26
George III, and proclamation of, 64
and Gray v. Paxton, 140
Mississippi, on illicit trade with, 60
powers of appointment, 411
province agent, and election of, 239
records and journal, 443
Court of the King’s Bench (Eng.), 296
Courtemanche, Augustin Le Gardeur de (French army officer and colonial governor), 76
Courts-martial, 260. See also Blake, Edward (provincial officer), court martial of
Craddock, Elizabeth, 326n
Craddock, George (customs officer and judge), 133–34, 139, 141, 145, 170–71, 180n, 447
Craggs-Eliot, Edward (British politician), as co-signatory, 361
Cromwell, Oliver, 434
Crossart, Mons. (merchant of St. Eustatia), 445
Crown, 422. See also King, the
civil list, 71 (see also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: civil list, American)
courts, 134
governors, circulars to (see under Governor of Massachusetts, Circulars to)
and land grants, 264, 285–86, 290, 310, 334, 392
proclamations, 351
and provincial boundaries, 298, 306, 355
requisitions for provincial forces, 62, 74, 91, 96–97, 163–64, 423, 438
royal government (see under Government, Royal; see also under Governor of Massachusetts, Instructions as)
royal instructions (see under Governor of Massachusetts, Instructions as)
royal prerogatives, 8, 14, 412
royal seal, 454
in service of (see under King, the: in service of)
writs, 140 (see also Writs of Assistance; Writs of Error)
Crown requisition for provincial forces, 45n
Cruikshanks, Charles (British army officer), 74, 86, 113
Cushing, John (Mass. judge), 412
Cushing, Thomas (Speaker of House of Representatives), 429n
Customhouse, 15, 120, 139, 142, 145, 165, 177, 399, 403, 447–48
appointments to, 326
and Barons, 72, 83, 132–33, 153, 171, 202
record keeping, 349–50
trade laws, and enforcement of, 134, 139, 361
D
D’Eon de Beaumont, Charles-Geneviève, 419
D’Haussonville, Comte Louis-Bernard de Cléron (French army officer), 251n
Dana, Richard (Boston magistrate), 120
Danae, HMS (man of war), 251
Dartmouth, Earl of (British politician), 32n
Dashwood, Samuel (ship’s captain of Boston), 50–51
Davies, Elijah (ship owner), 125n
Davies, Jonathan (ship master), 125n
Davis Inlet (Labrador), 79
Deer Island (Mass.), 274
Delaware River, islands in, 41–42
Devonshire, HMS (man of war), 364, 366
Divorce, 207–8
Dobel, William (fisherman of Ferryland, Nfld.), 247–49
Doggett, Samuel (ship’s captain), 243, 364
Dominica, 125
Dorothée, Le (French cartel ship), 257–58, 270–71, 273
Doty, Samuel (master of schooner Swift), 268
Douglas, Sir James (Royal Navy officer), 125n
Drummond Family (of Scotland), 41–42
Drummond, John (titular Earl of Melfort), 42
Durfey, Richard (sailor on schooner Swift), 268
Dwight, Joseph (of Sheffield, Mass.), 206
Dyer, Eliphalet (of Conn.), 391–93
Dymond, George (ship’s captain), 184, 239
E
East Indies, 58
Easton Conference and Treaty (1758), 69, 71, 178, 389
Economy, Colonial. See also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: public finances
currency exchange rate, 183
prices, 150, 204, 209, 231–32, 402
Edes, Benjamin (printer of Boston), 376n
Editorial Method, 26–36
Egremont, Earl of (British politician), 9
death of, 428
letters from FB listed, 502–5, 508–9, 510
letters to FB about
Crown requisitions, 162–64
trade laws, enforcement of, 9, 380–82
letters to FB listed, 502, 508, 509
and Naval Office, 172
mentioned, 165, 179n, 241, 284, 305, 307, 362, 364
Elliot, John (British army officer)
letters from FB listed, 507
mentioned, 199, 209, 221, 258, 269, 271, 291
Ellis, Welbore (British politician)
about, 432n
letter from FB listed, 511
Embargo on Coastal Trade, 204, 210–12, 224–26, 231–32
Enclosures. See under Bernard, Francis, IN-LETTERS: enclosures to; —OUT-LETTERS: enclosures to
Enfield (Conn.), 399
England, mentioned, 39, 44, 87, 100, 123, 169, 191, 209, 262, 278–79, 283–84, 325, 346, 369, 401, 426
Erving v. Craddock, 134, 141, 176
Erving, George (Boston merchant), 217
Erving, John Sr. (Boston merchant and councilor), 15, 99, 134, 141, 145, 176. See also Erving v. Craddock
Eskimo. See under Inuit
Espionage, 158
Evans, Lewis, A General Map of the Middle British Colonies in America, 392
Eveille (French warship), 254, 262, 278, 280, 287
Exchequer, 165
F
Fahrenheit thermometer, 398
Fahrenheit, Daniel Gabriel (physicist), 415n
Falmouth (Eng.), 23
Falmouth (Maine), 91, 276, 309, 399
Faneuil Hall, 69. See also Legislation, Massachusetts: Faneuil Hall lottery acts (1761, 1762)
Faneuil, Peter (merchant of Boston), 69n
Fauquier, Francis (colonial governor), letters from FB listed, 498
Fishermen, 81, 274. See also Fishing
Fishing, 109, 225, 252–53, 268, 274, 375, 400–401, 449
Fitch Inlet (Labrador), 79
Fitch, Thomas (colonial governor), 212, 443n
letters from FB listed, 504, 511
Fitzherbert, William (British politician), 396
letter from FB listed, 510
Folger, Timothy (ship’s captain of Nantucket), 84
Forbes, John (British general), 178
Fort Chartres, 112
Fort Cherokee (Fort Massac), 112
Fort Duquesne, 178
Fort Edward, 113
Fort George, 406
Fort Halifax, 75n, 358, 373, 406, 407
Fort Kaskaskia, 112
Fort les Natchez, 112
Fort Niagara, siege of, 178
Fort Pemaquid, 406
Fort Pownall, 75n, 181, 274–75, 370, 378, 406, 407
Fort Western, 406
Fort William (St. John’s), 257, 259
Fortune Bay (Nfld.), 80
Fortune, HMS (sloop), 445
Foster, William (British army officer), 162, 372, 377
Fox Islands (Maine), 274
France, 9, 56, 87, 183, 243, 248–49, 251, 257, 264, 266, 281, 310, 330, 346, 355, 369
Franklin, Benjamin (deputy postmaster-general for American Colonies), 26, 440
letters from FB listed, 511
Franklin, William (colonial governor), 354, 356
letter from FB listed, 508
Frederick II ([1712-1786], ‘the Great’, king of Prussia), 209
Freeman (shipowner), 235
Freemason (brigantine), 445, 451
French and Indian War (1754-63), 11, 56, 286, 402. See also Peace (1763)
French Colonies, trade with, 12, 112, 157, 218, 402
Friends of Government, 376
Furniture, 402
G
Gage, Thomas (British general), 11, 50, 439, 442
on Crown requisition, 438–39
letters from FB listed, 500, 511
letters to FB about raising Massachusetts regiments, 437–39
Gale, William (Boston merchant), 180n
Gardner (master of New Swallow), 237
Garonne (French warship), 254, 278, 280, 287
Gascoyne, Bamber (mp), as co-signatory, 351, 361
Gates, Horatio (British army officer), 312
Gay, Jotham (provincial officer)
case against, 119, 332, 357–58
mentioned, 163n
Gay, Martin (coppersmith of Boston), 332
General Court
about, 8
acts of, 443 (see also under Legislation, Massachusetts)
Assembly (the Council and the House of Representatives) (see under Assembly [the Council and the House of Representatives])
Governor’s Council (see under Council)
General Wall (New York packet-boat), 159
George I, King, 66
George II, King, 6, 39, 59, 64, 67, 88, 100, 144
George III, King, 7, 9, 85, 125, 197, 236, 241, 303, 453
proclamation of, 64
Georges River, 406
Gibbons, William (arctic explorer), 76
Gibson, Edmund (bishop of London), 466
Gill, John (printer of Boston), 376n
Gill, Michael (Nfld. judge), 260
Gloucester (Mass.), 400
Goldthwait, Thomas (Mass. sec. at war), 81, 163n, 224, 256, 291, 296, 432n
letter listed, 498
Good Intent (schooner), 243, 245, 248, 251
Gorham, Joseph (British army officer), 234
Gosport, HMS (man of war), 251, 254–56, 262, 278, 280, 287
Government, Colonial, 165, 167, 362. See also Massachusetts: constitution of
Government, Royal, 8, 297, 412–13. See also Governor of Massachusetts, Instructions as; Governor of Massachusetts, Circulars to
Governor of Massachusetts, Circulars to
George III, on proclamation of, 59
Massachusetts regiments, on raising of, 62–63, 163–64
peace, on proclamation of, 351
state of province, on reports concerning, 110
trade laws, on enforcement of, 52–53, 381–82, 420–21
Governor of Massachusetts, Instructions as
about, 453 (see also Bernard, Francis, ABOUT: as governor of Massachusetts, instructions)
American Colonies mentioned, 459–60, 468, 472, 473
concerning arms and ammunition, 468
on articles of war, 467
Assembly mentioned, 460, 467–68, 470
attorney general mentioned, 464
auditor general mentioned, 457
Belcher, Jonathan (colonial governor) mentioned, 470
concerning bills of credit, 457
Board of Customs Commissioners (London) mentioned, 462–63, 481, 485–88, 490
Board of Trade mentioned, 456, 458, 461–62, 464–72, 486, 491
on cartography, 468–69
on census, 467
clerk of the House of Representatives mentioned, 459
on coinage, 460
commander in chief mentioned, 472
correspondence, on transmission and security of, 469
Council
advice and consent of, 455, 457, 461–62, 467–70
on freedom of debate in, 455
president of, concerning, 458
on records and journal of, 459
on royal instructions and, 455
on criminal proceedings, 461
currency mentioned, 460
Customhouse
collectors mentioned, 482, 486–89
on vacancies in, 462–63
customs officers, on public service of, 462
on duties on imports and exports, 460–61
on emergencies and war, 470
enemy, on trade with the, 469
concerning fees, 462–64
fines and forfeitures, on and concerning, 457, 462, 492, 495
on fishing, 471
on foreign neighbors, 469
concerning General Court, 455
general instructions, 453–72
general instructions to FB listed, 497, 500 (see also Governor of Massachusetts, Circulars to)
gifts, on and concerning, 185, 458
concerning government officers, 455, 457–59
government officers, on appointment of, 461
government, on succession in, 471
governor’s commission, 454
as captain-general, 467–68
death or absence, 471
publication of, 454
responsibilities and obligations, 457-58, 464, 493–94
governor’s title, 454
as vice-admiral, 463
reports to Board of Trade and secretary of state, 472
concerning governor’s salary, 459, 470, 471
governors, colonial
mentioned, 455, 458, 460, 464, 470
penalties affecting, 457–59, 460, 495
House of Representatives
on industry, production, and trade, 469–70
juries mentioned, 462
law courts, on proceedings and expenses of, 464
laws, on digest of province, 459–60
on leave and absence, 471
legislation, on and concerning Massachusetts,
appropriation acts, 457
audits and accounts, 457–58
continuation acts, 455
declaratory acts, 459
enactments, 455
extraordinary laws, 456
governor’s assent, 456–59, 466, 470
imposts, 458
limitations of time, 458
private acts, 456–57
revenue acts, 457
temporary laws, 456
transmission of acts and abstracts, 458–59
wine imposts, 458
liberty, 461
liberty of conscience, 466
lieutenant governor mentioned, 458, 471
magistrates mentioned, 461, 464
province of Maine mentioned, 465
manufacturing mentioned, 461
marque and reprisal, on commissions of, 463–64
on martial law, 467
merchants of London mentioned, 458
merchants mentioned, 463, 469, 482
on military arms, 467
on military arsenals and stores, 468
on military defences, 468
on military fortifications, 468
on military training, 467
militia mentioned, 454, 462, 467, 471
mutiny and desertion mentioned, 467
concerning Native Americans, 461, 469–70
native-born colonists mentioned, 458
concerning Naval Office, 481–82, 485–86
new towns, on representation of, 465–66
Non-Christians mentioned, 466
Nova Scotia, and boundaries of, 14
on oaths of office, 454
concerning ordnance, 468
concerning penalties, 457, 484, 491–92, 495
piracy, on suppression of, 464
planters mentioned, 467, 469, 491
prisons and prisoners, on and concerning, 461
concerning private property, 456, 460, 461, 483, 490–91
Privy Council mentioned, 381, 460, 464, 471, 490
province secretary, penalties affecting, 459
provinces and colonies, on assisting other, 469
Roman Catholics mentioned, 466
concerning royal assent, 456, 459, 460
royal family, on prayers for, 59
Royal Navy mentioned, 465
royal prerogatives mentioned, 456
royal subjects mentioned, 456, 459–60, 463, 467, 471, 483, 491, 494
on royal writs, 461
concerning salaries, 462, 470–72
secretary of state mentioned, 472
servants mentioned, 467
on servants, slaves, Native Americans, and black colonists, 461
sheriffs mentioned, 461
shipping mentioned, 456, 458–59
slaves mentioned, 467
soldiers mentioned, 467
surveyor general of the Customs for the Northern District mentioned, 462–63
on surveyor general of woods, 464–65
concerning suspending clauses, 214, 455–56, 460, 466
concerning taxes, 457
trade instructions, 493–95
trade instructions to FB listed, 497, 499–500
trade laws and, on and concerning
Assembly, 488
Board of Customs Commissioners (Edinburgh), 485
Board of Customs Commissioners (London), 485, 490
bonds and certificates, 461
bonds and vessels, lists of, 486–87
clearances, 488
Customhouse, 482
customs officers, 485, 489–90, 493–95
customs officers, assisting, 488
East Indies trade, 493–94
enumerated articles, 484–86, 494
Exportation of Wool Act (1698), 492
foreigners and property, 490
government officers, 489
governors, colonial, 473
Greenwich Hospital levy, 488–89
Importation of Indigo Act (1747), 491–92
law courts, 489
legislation, provincial, 488
Molasses Act (1733), 489
Naval Office, 481–82
prosecutions under, 489
province treasury, 489
shipping and crews, British, 458, 461, 490–91
shipping registers, 490–91
slave trade, 494
surveyor general of the Customs for the Northern District, 482, 486, 461
Tobacco Duties Act (1750), 492
Treasury, and Lords Commissioners of, 457–58, 462, 463, 462–63, 486, 488, 490
on vice, virtue, and education, 466
on Vice-Admiralty courts, 463–64
vices mentioned, 466
on vital records, 467
concerning war, 470
on whaling, 470–71
Governor’s Council. See under Council
Governors, Colonial, 42, 60, 119, 450.
about appointments of (1759), 39
Gramont, HMS (frigate), 251, 259, 278, 280
Grand Manan Island (N.B.), 235, 265
Graves, Thomas (Royal Navy officer), letter from FB listed, 499
Gray v. Paxton, 133, 140–41, 176
Gray, Harrison (Province Treasurer), 133, 135, 140, 176, 312, 376, 412. See also Gray v. Paxton
Great Britain
and American Colonies, 1, 52, 56, 59, 110, 163, 182, 264, 310, 370, 378, 386, 394, 400–402, 407, 414, 426–27, 433, 447–48
exports to American Colonies, 458
Great Lakes, 393
Great Wardrobe and Jewell Office (Lord Chamberlain’s department), 67
Greenleaf, Stephen (Mass. sheriff), 111, 115, 119–20
Gregory, David (dean of Christ Church, Oxford), 49, 58, 433–34
Grenville, George (British policitian), 9, 352, 433
Greyhound, HMS (warship), 137
Grosvenor, Sir Richard (mp), 85
H
Haldane, George (colonial governor), 6, 42
Hale, Robert (Customs officer), letter from FB listed, 500
Halifax (N.S.), mentioned, 12, 26, 55, 57, 74, 107, 188, 199, 204, 212, 221, 232, 242–43, 245–57, 262–63, 270, 273, 278, 280, 291–92, 359
Halifax, Earl of (British politician)
letters from FB listed, 498–99, 506, 508, 511
letters to FB about
Acadians, 419–20
governor of Massachusetts, FB’s appointment as, 39
Pontiac’s Rebellion, 423–24
mentioned, 9, 39, 51, 69, 94, 100, 144, 175, 313, 328, 338, 442, 444
on Thomas Pownall, 39
writes to FB, 41
Hallowell, Benjamin (Boston merchant), 100n
Hallowell, Benjamin (Capt. of King George), 216, 219, 251, 253, 255, 279
Hamburg, 402
Hamilton, William Gerard (British politician), as co-signatory, 40, 59
Hampshire County (Mass.), 130, 189, 266
Hancock, Thomas (Boston merchant)
Amherst, employed by, 195
and Henry Atkins, 81
Massachusetts regiments, and transporting of, 107, 216
mentioned, 199, 204, 208–10, 256–58, 260–61, 267, 270–73, 292, 507
and Thomas Pownall, 129, 145–46
Hannah (brigantine), 364, 366, 391
Hardy, Charles (colonial governor), 72n
Hardy, Josiah (colonial governor), 171
letter from FB listed, 502
Harriot (New York packet-boat), 95, 342
Harvard College
letter from FB listed, 503
Hollis Hall, 282, 311–12 (see also Legislation, Massachusetts: Harvard College Lottery Act (1762)
and Pietas Et Gratulatio Collegii Cantabrigiensis, 235–36, 240–42, 321
president and fellows of, 236
and western college, 187
Havana (Cuba), 245, 247–48, 254, 263
British capture of, 263, 269, 280, 283, 287
Haviland, William (British army officer), 50, 54
Hayes, William (ship’s captain of Boston), 416n
Henley, Lord, 85
Hewitt, James (mp), 85
Hills, Stephen (ship’s master), 99
Hillsborough, Earl of (British politician)
as co-signatory, 421
letter from FB listed, 511
His Majesty. See under King, the
Hispaniola, 216, 219, 224, 225
Hoar, Jonathan (provincial officer), 104, 252. See also Massachusetts Regiments: Col. Hoar’s regiment
letter from FB listed, 501
Holland, trade with, 403
Holt Island (Maine), 276
House of Representatives
and Barons controversy, 133, 175
Crown requisition, refuses, 442
on governor’s salary, 50
and Harvard College, 321
and inoculating hospital, 429
journal of, 443
and Massachusetts regiments, 55, 74, 95–96, 183–84, 186, 197–99, 271
Howe, Joshua (counterfeiter), 192
Hubbard, Thomas (Mass. councilor), 412
Hudson, Henry (explorer), 82n
Hudson, Seth (counterfeiter), 192
Hudson’s Bay, 77
Hudson’s Strait, 79
Hunt, Mary, 207–8
Hunter (ship’s captain), 364
Hutchinson, Thomas (Lt. Gov.)
Brief State of the Title of the Province of Massachusetts-Bay to the Country between the Rivers Kennebeck and St. Croix, author of, 307
Amherst, and, 57
chief justice, appointment as, 9
and Erving v. Craddock, 141
governor of Massachusetts, as acting, 39
governor of Massachusetts, instructions as, 472
letter from FB listed, 497
Pietas Et Gratulatio, contribution to, 322
province agent, proposed for, 201, 385
salary, 412
Hyman (soldier and gardener), 424
I
Île-aux-Coudre (St. Lawrence River), 51
Île-aux-Noix (St. Lawrence River), 50, 53
Impost Officer of Massachusetts, 411–12. See also Russell, James
Indians. See under Native Americans
Inner Temple, (Inns of Court), 240
Inuit, 79-81
Isles of Shoals (N.H.), 274
J
Jackson, Richard (mp)
and Grenville, 433
letters from FB listed, 505, 507–11
and Mount Desert Island grant, 237–38, 240, 293
and Penobscot township grants, 337–38
and province agency, 201–2, 319
province agent, as solicitor to, 201, 237, 293, 316, 385
Jamaica, 111–12, 115, 119, 216, 223, 350
James I, King, 369
James II, King, 369
Jarvis, Leonard (Boston merchant), 107, 257
Jarvis, Thomas (ship’s captain), 366, 391
Jenkinson, Charles (British politician), 32n
Jenny & Nelly (merchant ship), 305, 307
Jenyns, Soame (British politician), as co-signatory, 40, 106, 110, 161, 310–11, 323, 330, 351, 361, 421
Johnson, William (colonial administrator), 112
letter from FB listed, 503
Jones, John (surveyor), and Mount Desert Island, 275–76
K
Kennebec River, 264, 369, 399, 406
survey of, 357–58, 373, 379, 425
Keppel, Augustus (Royal Navy admiral), 137n
Kerr (master of the Bristol Merchant), 305, 307
Kinderhook, N.Y., 205
King George (province sloop)
convoy duty, 147
description of, 197–98, 209, 254, 278
Halifax, sent to, 251, 262, 279, 280, 287
St. John’s, and recapture of, 255, 278, 280, 287
King William’s War (1690-1697), 369
King, the, 11, 39–40, 44, 62–63, 92, 105, 110, 133, 160, 164, 173, 179, 181–82, 185–86, 236, 265, 310, 334, 344–45, 347, 361, 368, 370, 374, 381–82, 394, 400, 412, 422–23, 444. See also under Crown
in service of, 57, 62, 98, 103, 163–64, 176, 178, 195, 209, 252, 270, 357, 373, 424
King, Thomas (Hougougsaniyonde or Segughsonyut, Oneida sachem), 178
King’s Chapel (Boston), 64
Kortright, Lawrence (merchant of New York), 216, 223
L
Labrador, 76. See also Bernard, Francis, PAPERS OF: Account of the Coast of Labrador listed
Lamb, Sir Matthew (British politician and lawyer), 9, 106, 174, 208, 229, 230, 324
Lane, Thomas (British merchant), 51n
Launceston, HMS (man of war), 225, 241–42
Law, Colonial, 418n. See Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: law; Massachusetts: law courts
Lawrence, Charles (colonial governor), 235, 379n
Lawyers, about, 3
Layton, Francis (smuggler), 111, 115–16
Lear, King (Shakespeare), 94
Lechmere, Thomas (senior customs official), 72, 83, 94, 122, 126, 134, 138–39, 161, 325
letter from FB, to listed, 500
Legislation, British
American Trade Act (1710), 474
Bubble Schemes, Colonies Act (1740), 477
Calendar (New Style) Act (1750), 480
Calendar Act (1751), 481
Clarification of East Indies Trade Act (1738), 477
Coinage in American Plantations Act (1707), 460, 474
Colonial Trade Acts
(1729), 475
(1738), 477
continuation acts
Book Act (1746), 479
Coffee and Importation Premiums Acts (1751), 481
Coffee and Plantation Trade Acts (1738), 476
Coffee and Sugar Trade Acts (1745), 478
Customs Acts (1752), 481
East Indies Trade Acts (1739), 477
Exportation of Sugar Acts (1750), 480
Laws on Exportation of Gunpowder and Importation of Naval Stores Act (1743), 478
Laws on Theft and Rapine and Exportation of Sugar Act (1743), 478
Masts and Sail Cloth Acts (1739), 477
Premiums on Importations Act (1750), 480
Rice and Customs Acts (1746), 479
Sail Cloth and Silk Acts (1746), 479
Taxation Act (1709), 474
Customs Acts
(1736), 476
East India Company Act (1730), 487
East India Company Acts (1730), 475
East Indies Trade Acts
(1718), 475
(1720), 475
(1731), 476
Exportation of Gunpowder Act (1730), 476
Exportation of Tea Act (1747), 479
Further Improvement of Revenue of Customs (1763), 381, 450
Greenland Fishery Act (1723), 475
Greenland Fishery Act (1731), 476
Greenwich Hospital Act (1728), 488
Growth of Coffee Act (1731), 476
Growth of Raw Silk Act (1749), 480
Hat Manufacture Act (1731), 476
Importation Act (1730), 476
Importation of Indigo Act (1747), 479, 491
Importation of Iron Act (1749), 480
Importation of Prize Goods Act (1711), 474
Insurances on Foreign Ships Act (1751), 481
Making of Sail Cloth Act (1741), 478
Manufacture of Sail Cloth Acts
(1730), 476
(1735), 476
(1746), 478
renewal of, 15, 390, 428, 448, 451
Naturalization Act (1740), 477
Naturalization of Foreign Protestants Act (1746), 479
Naval Prize Acts
(1743), 478
(1746), 479
Naval Stores Act (1721), 475
Navy Acts
(1739), 477
(1740), 477
(1747), 479
(1748), 480
Northwest Passage Act (1744), 478
Paper Bills of Credit, American Colonies Act (1750), 480
Piracy Acts
(1717), 474
(1721), 475
(1744), 478
Plantation Trade Act (1741), 478
Popish Recusants Act (1678), 454
Pot and Pearl Ashes Act (1750), 480
Preservation of Woods in America Acts
(1728), 475
(1731), 465
Recovery of Debts in American Plantations Act (1731), 476
Security of the Sovereign Act (1714), 454–55
Settlement of Moravians Act (1748), 479
Silk Manufactures Act (1721), 475, 484
Starr and Bent Act (1741), 478
Sugar Trade Act (1745), 478
Taxation Act (1725), 475
Tobacco Duties Act (1750), 480, 492
Trade and Naval Act (1739), 477, 487
Trade to America Act (1707), 474
Whale Fishery Acts
(1732), 476
(1748), 480
White Pines Act (1710), 465
Wills Act (1751), 481
Wool Act (1738), 477
Legislation, English
Customs Act (1662), 473
East India Company Act (1697), 474
Encouragement of Trade (1663), 381, 426, 445–46, 450, 473
Exportation Acts
(1698), 474
Exportation of Wool Act (1698), 474, 492
Governors of Plantations Act (1698), 474
Greenland and Plantation Trade Act (1672), 473, 481, 486–87
Massachusetts Charter (1691). See under Province Charter (1691)
Naval Acts
(1696), 473
(1697), 473
Naval Stores Acts
(1721), 465
Navigation Act (1660), 381, 426, 473, 482–83
Piracy Act (1698), 474
Plantation Trade Acts
(1695), 381, 426, 455, 473, 481–83, 485, 490
(1696), 193
Taxation Act (1704), 474
Union of England and Scotland Act (1707), 474
Legislation, Massachusetts
Berkshire County (1761), establishment of, 130
coinage of silver and gold (1762), 191
continuation acts, 348
customs officers (1762), bill to enable, 193–94, 202
Faneuil Hall lottery acts (1761, 1762), 207
Great Barrington (1762), incorporation of, 353
Harvard College Lottery Act (1762), 282, 311–12
House of Representatives (1692), regulation of, 160–61, 229–30, 352
Hunt, Mary (1761), act to enable, 207–8, 383
impost and tonnage (1761), duties of, 173–74
Lord’s Day (1692, 1716, 1727, 1763), observation of, 173
lottery acts (1760), 105
Mashpees (1763), incorporation of, 383–84, 406
new towns (1761), bills for incorporating, 130, 323
Pittsfield (1761), incorporation of, 130
Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge (1762), incorporation of, 190
treasurer’s notes (1762), counterfeiting of, 191–92
treasury supply acts (1761, 1762), 192
western college (1762), bill for incorporating, 190–91
Leicester (New York packet-boat), 48, 91, 95
Licorne (French warship), 254, 262, 278, 280, 287
Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts, 411–12. See also Hutchinson, Thomas
Lincoln County (Mass.), 411
Lincolnshire (Eng.), 6, 84, 298
Lincolnshire Archives, 2
Liqor, 407
Lise, Thomas (lawyer of London), 437
Little Cranberry Island (Maine), 275
Liverpool (Eng.), 397
Liverpool (N.S.), 445
London, 403
dissenters in, 327
newspapers from, 433
London Gazette, 39
Long Island (Maine), 274
Lord Chamberlain, 69
Lords Commissioners for Trade and Plantations. See under Board of Trade
Lotteries, 283
Louis XIV, King, 263
Louisbourg (N.S.), 51, 55, 57, 80, 104, 123, 258, 273, 380, 405
Louisiana, 60. See also Mississippi: French settlements on
Lowder, Jonathan (express rider), 26, 213, 222
Lucretia (merchant ship), 84, 165
Lyall (master of Jenny & Nelly), 305, 307
Lynde, Benjamin Jr. (Mass. judge), 412
Lyon, HMS (man of war), 245
Lyttleton, Henry (colonial governor), 39, 42
M
from Boston, about, 26, 99, 237
about coastal, 26, 50, 246, 250
about delivery of, 22–26, 48, 50, 66, 74, 246, 345
transatlantic
about, 22, 337, 339, 349, 354, 364, 390, 428
by Bristol packet-boat, 67, 237, 262
by merchant vessels, 50, 69, 83, 84, 165, 184, 237, 239, 263, 305, 307, 364, 366
by New York packet-boat, 48, 61, 64–65, 83–84, 88, 91, 95, 119, 126, 159, 165, 172, 184, 237, 320, 342, 345, 374
problems with, 99, 169–70, 313, 320, 321, 328, 338, 366, 374, 433–34, 451
by Royal Navy, 50, 91, 153, 165–66, 170, 364, 366
to West Indies, 243, 245, 248, 251, 254
Maine, Province of, 263, 308, 331, 380, 399. See also Sagadahoc; Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: Maine and Sagadahoc, province of
survey, 378
Marblehead (Mass.), 400
Martin, Daniel (ship master), 115, 155
Martinique, 157, 196, 216, 219, 245, 248
Mashpees
complaint and petition of, 94
population of, 406
self-determination of, about, 384
Massachusetts
borders, provincial, 399
clothing, people’s, 402
coinage, 434
constitution of, 229, 296, 412–14
exports, 401
fish, 172, 204, 212–13, 226, 402–3, 427, 433
grain, 402
horses, 403
lumber, 402–3
rum (see under Rum)
fishing (see under Fishing; Whaling)
government officers and salaries, 411–12
imports, 401–2
corn, 401
flour, 204, 216–17, 222, 226, 232
foodstuffs, 55, 115, 149, 204, 209–10, 212–14, 225, 231–32, 267, 272, 372, 387, 401, 402, 420
hemp, 402–3
olives, 432
sugar, 215–16, 349–50, 402, 449
sugar and molasses, 349–50
wine (see under Wine, Imports of)
imposts and excises, 407–11
latitude, 398
law courts, 411, 464, 466, 489 (see also Superior Court of Massachusetts)
registrars, 411
legal system, 296–97
legislation (see under Legislation, Massachusetts)
legislature (see under Assembly; General Court)
merchants (see under Merchants)
militia, 405
mining, 403–4
and Native Americans (see under Native Americans)
Naval Office (see under Naval Office of Massachusetts)
navigable rivers, 399
and Penobscots, 370 (see also Native American Peoples: Penobscots)
ports of, 399
public finances, 12, 96, 344, 411
rateable polls, 404
royal charter (see under Province Charter [1691])
shipping (see under Shipping)
soldiers (see under Massachusetts Regiments)
towns, representation of, 352 (see also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: new towns, representation of)
trade, foreign, 402–3
Massachusetts (sloop), 274, 277
Massachusetts Historical Society, 2
Massachusetts Regiments
arms of, 92
billeting accounts, 74, 86, 162, 224, 296, 379
bounties, 96, 107, 125, 183, 197, 198–99
Col. Hoar’s regiment, 106, 118, 121, 221, 224
Col. Saltonstall’s regiment, 118
Col. Thwing’s regiment, 106, 118, 121, 137, 147, 151, 357
courts martial, 149
deployment, 104
desertion from, 57, 183, 199, 295
discharge of, 55–57, 162, 359, 372 (see also Butler, Simon)
disease, 405
enlistments, certificates of, 123–24, 291, 295
Halifax, at, 57, 102, 162, 204, 210, 213, 252, 292, 372, 377
Halifax, sent to, 106–7, 118, 121, 125, 147, 183, 198, 208, 211, 224
Louisbourg, at, 57
musters
at Albany, 44, 102, 107, 113, 151, 199, 224
at Castle William, 137, 198–99, 204, 216, 221, 331
at Springfield, 118, 125, 198, 208, 224
at Worcester, 208
officers
raising of, 44, 95–96, 163–64, 183–84, 197–99, 227–28, 437–39 (see also Crown: requisitions for provincial forces)
service, terms of, 96, 101, 103–4, 183, 373, 377
spruce beer, and, 148
St. John’s, at, 281
and suttling, 149–51
Matinicus Island (Maine), 276
Mauduit, Israel (brother to Jasper), 316. See also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: Mauduit, Israel
deputy province agent, proposed as, 328, 385
province agent, proposed as, 318, 327, 385
Mauduit, Jasper (province agent). See also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: Mauduit, Jasper
land grants, and province, 238
letter from FB listed, 507
mentioned, 8, 201–2, 240–41, 307, 316, 318, 320, 327, 365, 385, 391, 428
and Mount Desert Island grant, 293
as province agent, 15, 22, 237, 293, 327
Maurice, Jacques (Acadian), 394
Meers, Garretson (fisherman), 242
Melfort, Earl of (first earl), 42
Merchants, 139
and Boston newspapers, 435
of Boston, 15, 26, 56, 107, 135, 156, 210–11, 220, 222 (see also Barons, Benjamin: and merchants)
discontent of, 15–16, 156, 177–78, 403, 432
and embargo, 12, 209, 222–23, 223, 225, 230
of England, 401
General Court, petition, 451
of London, 141
Molasses Act, and renewal of, 15, 134, 451
and smuggling, 7, 9, 26, 211–12, 220
trade laws, and enforcement of, 139, 155, 426
Metnick Island (Maine), 276
Miller, Francis (British army officer, surveyor and cartographer), 221, 233–34, 275–76, 292–93, 357, 373
Miquelon (nr. Nfld.), 407
Miramachi (N.B.), 394
Mississippi
French settlements on, 52, 112 (see also Bernard, Francis, LETTERS TO: Pitt, William, about: Mississippi, illicit trade with)
trade with, illicit, 114–15, 155, 216 (see also Smuggling)
customs entries of, 350
distilling of, 401 (see also Distilling)
foreign, 350
trade in, 15, 349–50, 390, 402, 449
Molasses Act (1733). See under Legislation, British: Molasses Act (1733)
Monckton, Robert (British army officer and colonial governor), 196, 205, 242
letter from FB listed, 503
Moncrieff, James (British army officer), 107, 114, 147
Monhegan Island (Maine), 274, 276
Monson, Charles (British politician), 33n
Monte Cristo (Hispaniola), 115, 402
Montréal, 53, 55–56, 56, 75, 178
Mouat, Patrick (Royal Navy officer), 259
Mount Desert Island (Maine)
description of, 179
mentioned, 182, 274–75, 276, 285, 300, 307, 333, 436 (see also Bernard, Francis, ABOUT: and Mount Desert Island)
survey of, 431
Mount Desert Island Grant, 179–80, 237, 288–89, 297, 305, 322, 437 (see also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: Mount Desert Island grant)
Mount Desert River, 333
Murder, 205
Murray, James (British general and colonial governor), 13, 50, 54, 268
letters from FB listed, 506, 508
Muscle Ridge Islands (Maine), 274
N
Naskeag (Maine), 275
Native American Peoples
Abenakis, 407
Arasagunticooks, 407
Cherokees, 111–12
Delawares, 438
Iroquois Confederation, 71, 178, 389, 391
Machiases, 407
Mashpees (see under Mashpees)
Norridgewalks, 407
Ottawas, 451
Passamaquoddies, 407
Penobscots, 370, 378, 407, 441
Boston (1763), conference at, 407, 417n, 431
Massachusetts, relations with, 370
Senecas, 439
Shawnese, 438
Stockbridge Indians, 205, 406, 417n
Wewonocks, 407
Native Americans, 63, 112, 181, 355, 392, 404
Connecticut, and settlers from, 392
in Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket, 406
Massachusetts regiments, recruits to, 221 (see also Wright, Ichabod)
at Natick (Mass.), 407
in Nova Scotia, 370
treaties with, 407
Naval Office of Massachusetts, 283–84, 362, 403, 443. See also Bernard, Francis, OPINIONS ON: Naval Office
Neptune (brigantine), 249
Nether Winchendon House (Bucks., Eng.), 6, 42n
New England, governments of, 167
New Hampshire
and deserters, 249
government, and reform of colonial, 306, 309, 388
land grants, 388–89
New Jersey, 6, 17, 45, 47, 63, 73, 90, 392, 497
New Orleans, 112, 115, 119, 155
New Providence (Bahamas), 217, 222, 245, 247–48, 250, 254
New Swallow (brigantine), 237
New York, 44, 137, 155, 158, 162, 169, 216, 243, 251, 258, 262–63, 271, 278, 280, 288, 293–94, 404, 434, 451
New York, Province of, 45, 63, 216, 266, 273, 294, 392, 399, 437, 487
Newcastle (Eng.), 445
Newcastle, Duke of (British politician), 8, 49, 58, 71
Newfoundland, 76, 79, 80, 158, 168, 204, 209, 212, 222, 242–43, 245–46, 254–56, 263, 401. See also St. John’s (Nfld.)
refugees, 257
Newfoundland Banks, 250
Newichewannock River (N.H.), 306, 331, 399
Newport (Rhode Island), 155, 219, 225
Niagara, 438
Nivernais, Louis Jules Mancini-Mazarini, the duc de, 386, 419
Noel, William (mp), 85
Norfolk (Eng.), 43
North America, 43, 44, 52, 56, 62–63, 65, 77, 91–92, 101, 163–64, 167, 195, 207, 246, 269, 280, 286, 304, 306, 309, 313, 334–35, 341, 350, 361, 369, 378, 387, 394, 398, 401, 403, 412, 419, 420, 422, 424, 426, 444, 446, 448, 456
North Carolina, 451
Northumberland, HMS (man of war), 242–43, 254–56, 262, 278, 280, 287
Nova Scotia
charter, 346
Crown grants, 263–64
and embargo, 212
governor’s instructions, 263
legislature, 260
Massachusetts, boundary dispute with (see under Boundary Disputes between Massachusetts and: Nova Scotia)
mentioned, 102, 107, 123, 209, 264, 306, 308–9, 369, 388
Sagadahoc, claim to, 263–65, 306. See also Sagadahoc, Massachusetts’s claims to
O
Offley, Edmund (son of Joseph Offley), 33n
Offley, Hannah (daughter of Joseph Offley), 33n
Offley, Joseph (half-brother to Amelia Bernard), estates of, 33n, 47
Offley, Urith (daughter of Joseph Offley), 33n
Ohio River, 393
Oliver, Andrew (Province Secretary)
and Belcher, 235
co-signatory, as, 182, 237, 336
mentioned, 8, 34, 317–18, 320, 333, 412
Oliver, Peter (Mass. judge), 412
Orwell, Lord (British politician), as co-signatory, 323, 330, 351, 361
Oswald, James (British politician), as co-signatory, 40
Otis family, 9
Otis, James Jr. (Mass. politician)
censure of, House proposes, 320
and merchants, 134
and province agent, 319
Vice Admiralty Court, as advocate general of, 133, 160n
Otis, James Sr. (Mass. politician), 376
Otis, Samuel Allyne, 376n
Owls Head (Maine), 274
Oxford University, 236
P
Parker, James (of New Jersey), letter from FB listed, 508
Parliament
acts of. See under Legislation, British
authority of, 413
subsidy to colonies, 63, 92, 123, 295
Partridge, Samuel (Boston mariner), 65n
Passamaquoddy Bay (Maine), 308
Passamaquoddy River (Maine), 355
Paxton, Charles (customs officer), 72, 83, 115, 119, 126, 133–35, 139–40, 146, 176, 178, 325
Peace (1763), 322
Peach, Joseph (British army officer), 332
Peggy (Royal Navy transport ship), 235
Pemberton, Benjamin (Naval Officer, Mass.)
commission, renewal of, 128, 142–43, 144
mentioned, 88, 128, 165, 172, 175, 284
and Naval Office, 88, 142–43, 153, 159, 165–66, 284
Penn, John (proprietor of Pennsylvania), 393n
Penn, John, (colonial governor), letter from FB listed, 511
Penn, Richard (proprietor of Pennsylvania), 393n
Penn, Thomas (proprietor of Pennsylvania), 393n
Penn, William ([1644-1727], original proprietor of Pennsylvania), 392
Pennsylvania, 8, 204, 209, 213–14, 222, 225, 389, 440, 487
proprietors, 392
Penobscot Bay (Maine), 181, 237, 274, 288, 300, 436
Penobscot River (Maine), 13, 14, 181, 263–64, 285, 298, 306, 263–64, 322, 334–36, 343, 355, 369, 380, 399, 425
Penobscot Township Grants
mentioned, 240, 322, 333–39, 343, 364
Penobscot Townships
Penzance, HMS (brigantine), 137, 263
Perth Amboy (N.J.), mentioned, 44–45, 68
Perth, Earl of (fourth earl), 42
Peter III ([1728–62], czar of Russia [1762]), 209
Philadelphia, 8, 204, 222, 225, 404, 434, 439–40
Philips, Richard (colonial governor), 264
Phipps, Constantine (Mass. councilor), 318
Phips, Sir William (colonial governor), 308
Pietas Et Gratulatio Collegii Cantabrigiensis, 236, 241, 321, 365
authorship of, 322
Piracy, 268
Piscataqua River (N.H.), 277, 306, 309, 380
Pitt, William (British politician), 8
letters from FB listed, 500–501
letters to FB about
Crown requisition for provincial forces, 61–64
trade laws, enforcement of, 51–53
letters to FB listed, 497–98
mentioned, 46, 91–92, 96, 103, 108, 119, 153, 159, 165
Mississippi, circular on illicit trade with, 119
Pitts, Evan (ship’s captain), 246
Pittsburg, 71
Pittsfield (Mass.), 130, 160, 229
Placentia (Nfld.), 245, 253, 255–56, 262, 278, 280
Plymouth Colony, 399
Plymouth Company, 238
Pocock, Sir George (Royal Navy admiral), 245–47, 251
letters from FB listed, 505–6
Point Shirley (Mass.), 267, 429
Pontiac’s Rebellion, 393, 423, 437–39, 442, 451
Pontoosuck (Mass.), 130
Popple, Willian (colonial governor), letter from FB listed, 508
Pork, 231
Port aux Cayes (Hispaniola), 216, 224
Port Royal ([Annapolis], N.S.), 308
Port Royal (Martinique), 157
Porter (associate of Offley family), 47, 49
Portsmouth (Eng.), 70
Portsmouth (N.H.), 26, 84, 274, 277, 509
Portugal, 260, 401, 402, 426, 432, 447
Portugal Cove (Nfld.), 260
Potberry, Thomas (ship’s master), 263
Pownalborough (Maine), 130
Pownall, Harriet (née Churchill, wife of Thomas Pownall), 127
Pownall, John (British administrator)
on Barons controversy, 128–29
on correspondence with FB, 41, 66, 128
in Ireland, 175
letters from FB listed, 503–11
letters to FB about
governor of Massachusetts, FB’s appointment as, 41–42
governor of Massachusetts, FB’s commission as, 41, 128
New Jersey, lands in, 41
Pemberton’s commission, 128
letters to FB listed, 497–98, 500, 509
Maine and Sagadahoc, and province of, 315
and Mauduit, Jasper, 355
and Mount Desert Island grant, 287, 307, 322
on peace, 129
on Pownall, Thomas, 129
replies to FB, 447
Sagadahoc, and Massachusetts’s claim to, 339
Pownall, Mary (wife of John Pownall), 84, 129
Pownall, Thomas (colonial governor)
and Amherst, 57
and Atkins, 81
Boston, leaves, 39
career aspirations of, 127
governor of Massachusetts, instructions as, 453
governor of Massachusetts, success as, 6, 64
governor of South Carolina, appointed, 39, 40, 42
and Hallowell, 279
and Jackson, 201
letters from FB listed, 500–501, 511
personal affairs, 176
POWs
British, 219 (see also St. John’s (Nfld.): British garrison at: as POWs; Cartel Ships)
Pratt, Benjamin (chief justice of N.Y.), 294
Preble, Jedidiah (provincial officer), 80–81, 378, 431
Prerogatives, Royal. See under Crown: royal prerogatives
Privy Council
and Barons controversy, 161
George III, and proclamation of, 59
governor of Massachusetts, FB’s instructions as, 453
governor of Massachusetts, FB’s appointment as, 39, 43
His Majesty in Council
Connecticut, on boundaries of, 400
Hunt, Mary, and act to enable, 208
Mashpees, on complaint of, 109–10
and Mount Desert Island grant, 330, 341
confirmation of, 437
Penobscot township grants, confirms, 341
royal family, instruction regarding prayers for, 59
Providence Plantation and the Narraganset Country. See under Rhode Island
Province Agent. See also under Bollan, William; Jackson, Richard; Mauduit, Israel; Mauduit, Jasper,
election of, 201–2, 239, 384–85
and Penobscot township grants, 339
Province Charter (1691), 160, 167, 180–81, 191, 229–30, 235, 237, 239, 265, 285, 298, 306, 308, 330, 339, 344, 346, 352, 370–71, 392, 405, 412, 457
Province House, Boston (FB’s residence), 286, 300, 344
Province Secretary of Massachusetts, 334, 342, 411–12, 443. See also Oliver, Andrew
Province Treasurer of Massachusetts, 332, 411–12, 443. See also Gray, Harrison
Provincial Soldiers. See under Massachusetts Regiments
Pufendorf, Samuel Freiherr (Baron) von, 371
Q
Quebec, 13–14, 51, 55, 56, 74, 204, 209, 212, 222, 232, 256, 268, 331–32, 357, 419
Queen Anne’s War (1702-13), 369
R
Rainsford Island (Hospital Island), 157
Regulars. See under British Army
Rhode Island
government, and reform of colonial, 306, 309, 387
government of, 167
mentioned, 63, 109, 137, 216, 219, 399, 454, 467, 471
and smuggling, 115, 134, 155, 400
Rice, George (British politician), as co-signatory, 105, 110, 230, 323, 351, 361
Richards Coffee House (London), 241
Richardson, James (of Mount Desert Is., Maine), 277n
Rivière Chaudière (Qu.), 357, 425
Roberts, John (British politician), as co-signatory, 105, 174, 230
Robins, Jacques (French protestant), 394, 397
Robinson, Andrew (British army officer), 256
Robuste (French warship), 251, 254, 262, 278, 280, 287
Rockingham, Lord (British politician), 32n
Rodney, George Bridges (Royal Navy admiral), 245
Rogers, George (British army officer), 259
Rollo, Lord (British army officer), 125n
Roman Catholics, 422. See also Acadians
Ross, Thomas (of Falmouth, Maine), 277
Ross, Walter (British army officer), 259–60
Rover (merchant sloop), 216
Royal Family, 241
Royal Government. See under Government, Royal
Royal Instructions. See under Governor of Massachusetts, Instructions as
Royal Navy
customs commissions, 381, 432, 450
seizures of vessels, 268 (see also Freemason [brigantine])
Royal Prerogatives. See under Crown: royal prerogatives
Royal Seal. See under Crown: royal seal
Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures & Commerce (Eng.), 298, 394, 396
Royalism, 414
Ruggles, Timothy (provincial officer), 104, 228, 336
letter from FB listed, 499
Russell, Chambers (Mass. judge), 83, 332, 412, 450
Russell, James (Mass. official), 215, 349, 412
S
Sagadahoc River, 181
Sagadahoc, Territory of, 180, 237, 289, 302, 310, 343, 369, 400
and Canada, 425
Massachusetts, conquered by, 369
and Province Charter, 235, 298, 302–3, 305, 308, 330, 340, 346, 369, 436
Saglek Bay (Labarador), 82n
Salem (Mass.), 350, 359, 399–400
Sally (merchant sloop), seizure of, 216, 223, 225
Saltonstall, Richard (provincial officer), 104. See also Massachusetts Regiments: Col. Saltonstall’s regiment
letter from FB listed, 501
Sanders, Mr., 114n
Sandys, Lord (British politician)
as co-signatory, 105, 110, 161, 174, 230, 311, 323
letter from FB listed, 123, 501
Scaife, John (Royal Navy officer), 137, 153
Scarborough (merchant ship), 50
Schulyer, Harmanus (of N.Y.), 205
Scotland
American Colonies, and trade with, 402
burghs, representation of, 131
Seal, Royal. See under Crown: royal seal
Secretary of State (Great Britain), 91, 307, 313, 348, 366. See also under Pitt, William; Egremont, Earl of; Halifax, Earl of
Acadians, and, 387, 395, 398, 419
appointments, concerning, 165
governors, circulars to, 120, 165
on lotteries, 106
Southern Department, 444
trade laws, and enforcement of, 421, 451
Segwin Island (Maine), 274, 276
Seven Years War (1756–63), 9, 209
Sewall, Stephen (chief justice), 61n
Sharpe, Horatio (colonial governor), letter from FB listed, 498
Sheaffe, William (customs officer), 145
Shelburne, Earl of (British politician)
as co-signatory, 351
letter from FB listed, 510
Shipping, 84, 214, 250, 262, 272, 275, 339, 400, 402, 445
Shirley (schooner), 250
Shirley, William (colonial governor)
letters from FB listed, 503, 505, 507
Shoals, John (ship’s captain), 216–17, 223
Shute Barrington family, 3
Shute, Ann (mother of Amelia Offley), 3, 33n, 168n
Shute, Benjamin (grandfather of Lord Barrington), 178
Shute, Samuel (colonial governor), 167, 370
Sirene, HMS (frigate), 242, 243, 250, 253–56, 262, 278, 280, 287
Slavery. See also Wright, Ichabod (slave?)
Slaves, 404
Sloper, William (British politician), as co-signatory, 40, 59
Small, John (British army officer and surveyor), 357, 373
Small, John (British army officer), 86
Smallpox, 3
Smallpox Inoculation, 158n, 429
Snelling, Mary, 82n
Soames, Abraham (of Mount Desert Is., Maine), 277n
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 383, 406
Somers (Conn.), 399
South Carolina Gazette, 217, 223
South Seas, 392
Southwest Harbor (Mount Desert Is., Maine), 275
Spender, George (capt. of Britannia), 51n
Spicer (friend of FB), 434
Springfield (Mass.), 107. See also Massachusetts Regiments: musters: Springfield, at
Spruce Beer, 12, 147–48, 188, 405
St. Croix Bay (N.S.), 238, 308, 343, 355, 407
St. Croix River (N.S.), 233, 238, 264, 289–90, 306, 289–90, 355, 399–400, 407
boundary line, as, 13–14, 233–34, 264, 298, 306, 310, 333, 343, 346, 369
St. Francis River (Maine), 425
St. James’ s Bay (Canada), 76
St. John’s (Nfld.)
British expeditionary force, 254–55, 278, 280–81
British garrison at, 251, 258–59, 273
as POWs, 39, 257–58, 269–70, 272, 273
British plans for recapture of, 255, 262–63, 288
British recapture of, 278–81, 283
French defences and forces, 250, 254, 278, 280, 281, 287
French invasion of, 12–13, 243, 248, 250, 251, 253, 260
Massachusetts, and alarm in, 245, 248
reports of enemy activity, 242–44, 245–46, 268
St. John’s River (N.S.), 306, 308, 332
St. Lawrence River, 50, 54, 81, 400, 407, 424–25, 441, 497
St. Peters Bay (Nfld.), 80
St. Petersburg, 402
St. Pierre (Martinique), 157
St. Pierre (nr. Nfld.), 407
St. Thomas (Danish colony), 115, 119
Staaten Island, N.Y., 219
State of Province, Governor’s Report on, 323
Stevens (Boston mariner and POW), 157
Stevens, John (merchant of New Jersey), 252
letters from FB listed, 508
Stone, Andrew (British politician), 49, 88, 106, 128
as co-signatory, 59
Stott (capt. of Scarborough), 50
Straits of Gilbraltar, 432
Suffield (Conn.), 399
Suffolk County Court, 134
customs entries of, 349–50
Superbe, HMS (man of war), 251
Superior Court
and Barons controversy, 171
and Craddock v. Erving, 133, 179
and Erving v. Craddock, 141, 145, 179
and Paxton v. Gray, 133, 140–41, 176
Superior Court of Massachusetts, 192, 296, 403, 411
justices, 411–12
and Privy Council, 297
Surinam, 402
Susquehanna Company, 388–89, 388–89, 391–93
Susquehanna River, 388–89
T
Tartar (brigantine and privateer), 254
Tavistock (merchant ship), 83–84
Taylor and Blodget (brewers), 148n
Teedyescung (Delaware sachem), 389, 393
Temple, John (customs officer)
deputy, proposes brother as, 325–26
mentioned, 439
Temple, Robert (customs officer), 115, 119, 325, 361
Ternay, Charles-Henri-Louis d’Arsac de, 251, 258, 279n
Terry, Moses and Sarah (guardians of FB), 3, 7
Thanksgivings, 351
Thomas, Edmund (British politician), as co-signatory, 110, 161, 174, 230, 310, 323
Thoms, Benedict (smuggler), 111, 115–16
Thwing, Nathaniel (provincial officer), 104, 149. See also Massachusetts Regiments: Col. Thwing’s regiment
letters from FB listed, 501–2
Timmons, John (Boston merchant), 7, 180n
Touche, Louis-Charles Le Vassor de La (French colonial governor), 157, 196, 219
Townshend, Charles (British politician), 360, 362, 371, 375, 390
as co-signatory, 330
letters from FB listed, 509
Trade Duties, 448
Trade Laws
Trade, Colonial, 446, 448, 451. See also Massachusetts: exports; —imports; French Colonies, trade with enumerated articles, 403
imports, 349–50, 448–49 (see also Massachusetts: trade, foreign)
Travel Times, 26
Treasury, Lords Commissioners of, 68, 123, 138, 291, 361, 420, 437
and Barons, 135, 136, 138, 142, 170, 176
smuggling, and, 156
subsidy to colonies, 295
Treaty of Breda (1667), 310, 330, 369, 370
Treaty of Ryswick (1697), 310, 369
Treaty of Utrecht (1713), 263–64, 310, 369
Trowbridge, Edmund (Mass. attorney general), 412
Tucker, Richard (merchant of Rhode Island), 155
Tulleken, John (British army officer), 380
letters from FB listed, 507, 510
Tyrawley, Earl of, 209
Tyringham, John (husband of Mary Winlowe), 42n
U
Unkamug, Abraham (Stockbridge Indian), 205–6
V
Vaudreuil, Pierre de Rigaud (French army officer), 54n
Vengeance, HMS (man of war), 50
Venus (merchant ship), 155
Vice Admiralty Court, 120, 129, 145, 156, 159, 177, 216, 445, 488
and Barons, 72, 83, 146, 171, 202
and Erving v. Craddock, 133, 141, 145
trade laws, and enforcement of, 132–33, 134, 139
Virginia, 8, 73, 137, 242–43, 401
Vyner, Robert (mp), 85
W
Waldo, Samuel Jr. (of Falmouth, Maine), 276–77
War. See under King William’s War (1690-1697); French and Indian War (1754-63); Seven Years War (1756-63)
Warburton, William (bishop of Gloucester), 117n
letters to FB about Congregationalists, 116–17
receives letter from FB, 117
replies to FB, 117
Ward, Artemas (provincial officer), letter from FB listed, 500
Watts, Samuel (Mass. councilor and judge), 145
Welles Samuel (Mass. judge), 145
Wentworth, Benning (colonial governor), 61n, 277, 326
letter from FB listed, 502, 505, 508
letter listed, 509
West Indies, 52, 57, 109, 211, 226, 246, 262, 280, 350, 401, 403, 448
climate of, 47
French colonies in, 52
merchants’ lobby of, 428
West, James (British administrator), 161
West, Stephen (missionary), 383, 406
Westminster studentship, 58
Westminster Studentship, 49
Whale (fishing vessel), 76
Wheelwright, Nathaniel (Boston merchant), 185n
Whitmore, Edward (British army officer), 168
Wilbraham, Randle (British politician), 65n, 239
letter from FB listed, 503
letter listed, 498
letter to FB about general election of 1761, 84–85
Wilkes, John (English radical), 432n
Willard, Levi (of Mass.), potash production by, 394, 395–96
William III, King, and Mary II, Queen, 181, 436
and Province Charter, 302, 303, 305, 457 (see also Sagadahoc, Territory of: and Province Charter)
William III, King, mentioned, 264, 369–70, 303, 308, 369–70, 493
Williams, Israel (provincial officer and politician), 15, 188
letters from FB listed, 500, 502
Williamson, George (British army officer), 169, 269, 273
Wilmot, Montague (colonial governor), 13
letter from FB listed, 510
Windham County (Conn.), 400
Wine, Imports of, 15, 157, 402, 426–28, 431-32, 445, 447, 487
duties on, 407
Winlowe, Margery ([1681-1718], mother of FB), 3
Winlowe, Mary (maternal aunt of FB), 42n
Winthrop, John Prof., 378, 379
Witty, William (ship’s master), 243, 245, 248, 251
Wolfe (merchant ship), 184, 239
Wood Island (Maine), 274
Wood, Robert (British administrator), 53, 63, 284
letter from FB listed, 501
Woodbridge, Timothy (of Stockbridge, Mass.), 206
Woodstock (Conn.), 399
Worcester (Mass.), 107. See also Massachusetts Regiments: musters: at Worcester
Worcester County (Mass.), 266
Wright, Ichabod (slave?), 256, 331–32, 357
Writs of Assistance, 193–94, 202, 403
Writs of Error, 296
Wyer, David (express rider), 26, 149, 245, 246, 271, 439
Y
York, Duke of (later King James II), 369
York, John (British politician), as co-signatory, 310, 311, 351, 361, 421