Index
* Boldface numbers indicate pages with biographical annotations.
· A ·
Abbot, John, 513
Aberdeen, University of, faculty at, 219
Act for the collection of revenue from distilled spirits (1794), 321, 322
Act laying duties on alcohol licenses (1794), 321, 322
Act laying duties on carriages (1794), 289, 311, 312, 321, 322
Act to provide for the Defense of certain Ports and Harbors (1794), 265, 267, 270, 271, 272, 276, 277
Adams, Abigail Smith, 239, 426, 445, 593*
characterized, 393
and Quasi-War, lxxix
on “Republican Court,” lxxxviii
social life, 393, 394, 396, 435
Adams, Charles, 394
on Aaron Burr, 239–40
characterized, lxxx–lxxxi, xciv, 231, 374, 394, 450
diplomatic career, 31, 63, 238
at Massachusetts Constitution Convention (1820–21), 526
presidency, 372, 426, 445, 456, 576, 596
communications with Congress, lxix, lxxi, 392, 394, 408, 410, 411, 414–15, 436
election of 1796, lxix
“midnight appointments,” 348
petitions and memorials to, 427, 428
public opinion on, lv, 418, 426, 428, 575–76, 577
and Quasi-War, lxxviii–lxxx, 429
state of the union address, 371, 374, 375, 377, 395, 396, 465
relations with
Gerry, Elbridge, 394
GT, xix, lxxx, 237, 238, 239, 400–01
Madison, James, 575
social life, 368, 393, 394, 435, 464, 472–73
vice presidency, 295
election of 1788, lxxx
Adams, John Quincy, xxiii, lxxix, 526
Adams, Joseph, cv–cvi, cxv, 610, 611
Adams, Thomas Boylston, lxxii, lxxix
Adet, Pierre Auguste, political activism of, lxviii–lxix, 403
Agnosticism, xxiv
See also Farming and husbandry
Aitken, Robert, petition of, 136
Akron, Ohio, residents, 611
Alabama statehood, 587
Albemarle County, Virginia, residents of, 602
Alcohol. See Distilled spirits
Alden, Timothy, schooling by, xxiv
Alexandria, Virginia, excursion to, 471–72
Algerine pirates, 288
relations with, 244–45, 247, 248, 270, 272, 291, 294, 321, 353
Algiers
comparisons with, lxxxiii, 414, 423
Alice (cousin), 114
Alien and Sedition Acts (1798), lxx, lxxiv
effects of, lxxxii–lxxxiii, 604
GT’s opinion on, lxx–lxxi
House votes on, lxxi
public opinion on, lxxvii, 577, 578
Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
protests from, 169
revenue collection in, 323
Allegory, Roman gods as, 161
Allen, Ethan, writings of, c–ci
Almanacs, 598
Alna (New Milford), Maine, lawyers in, xxxii
Alsace, France, military operations in, 254, 281
Amelia County, Virginia, planters in, 598–99
Amendments to the Constitution
effects of, 46
GT’s voting on, liv–lv
proposed, lxxiii, 45, 161, 354
support for, l–li, lii, 14, 15–16
American Advocate (Hallowell, Me.), items printed in, 522
American Anti-Slavery Society, 587
American Antiquarian Society, membership in, civ
American Herald (Boston), items printed in, 555
“American language,” preference for, 389
American Peace Society, 533
American people, wisdom of, 126
American Philosophical Society, research commissioned by, 267
American Revolution
British supporters of, 509
crisis of 1775, 282
leadership in, ci, 40, 394, 485, 593, 594, 598, 600
legacy of, lvii, 239, 259, 522, 546
opposition to, domestic, 410, 425, 426, 427–28
parties and factions, xxiii, 13
predictions about, 94
See also Loyalists; Revolutionary War
Ames, Fisher, liv, lx, xcvii, 340, 381, 594
in 2nd federal election, lxiii
Bible readings of, 501
characterized, liv, xciv, 263, 310, 501
correspondence with, xlix
paraphrases GT, lxix
public opinion on, 253, 259–60, 263, 293, 309, 310, 312, 321
relations with GT, xcv, 136, 223, 250
role in
antislavery, 581
judiciary, federal, 190–91
ratification, 22
ways and means, 289
speeches on trade policy, 254, 259–60, 263
Ames, Frances Worthington, 223, 594
Ambition, commentary on, 138
Amsterdam, The Netherlands, French occupation of, 337
Anabaptism, writings about, 509
Anatomy, professorships in, 175
Ancien Regime, 242, 292, 295, 314, 315
Andover, Massachusetts, manufacturers in, xxxiv
Andover, New Hampshire, residents of, 611
Angels, 89
Anglicans (Church of England), 498, 506, 509
clergy, 222, 410, 500, 532, 597–98
Animals, cruelty to, xxxix
Annals of Congress, debate coverage by, lv–lvi, lvii, 357, 592
Annapolis Convention, delegates to, 596, 600
Annapolis, Maryland, ratification convention in, 31
Antifederalists, xxxiv, 371, 578, 594
Antigua, West Indies, 279, 281, 300
Appalachian Mountains, lxxiv
Appleton, George W., ordination of, 520
Appleton, Jesse, xcix, 437, 512, 514, 594
letters to, printed, 485–87, 512–14
Appleton, Nathaniel Walker, relations with, 535
Apportionment, 155–56
constitutional provision, 199
effects of census on, lxviii, 153, 158, 170
federal ratio (3/5ths clause), li
state precedents for, 201–202
See also Apportionment bills
Apportionment bills, 158, 160, 170, 171
Apprentices, 566, 611, 612, 613
Appropriations Act (1793), 231, 232
Appropriations Act for 1792, passage of, 170
Apthorp, Fanny Theodora, “letters” of, 46–47, 49
Arabic literature, 520
Archibald, Francis, boardinghouse of, 237, 238
Architects, 52
Architectural styles, 53
Arianism, 507
Aristides, Publius Ælius, 62, 63
Armies, standing, lxxix
constitutionality of, 7–8
Arminianism, xliv, 180, 181, 182, 488
Arminius, Jacobus, 182
Arms, right to bear, 550
Armstrong, John, reports by, 510, 511
Army, federal, lxxix, 45, 196, 210, 265, 412, 511
augmentation of, 149, 169, 191, 204, 205, 208, 424
deployment of, 22, 140, 141, 165, 166, 267, 330
officers, lxi, 165, 436, 450, 508, 600, 603, 607, 613
public opinion against, 328
in Whiskey Rebellion, 328, 329
Art, Capt., news conveyed by, 271
Art, public, 367–68
Articles of Association (1774), signers, 182
Articles of Confederation, 182
Artists, itinerant, xvi
Ashe, John Baptiste, on assumption of state debts, 107
Ashmun, Eli P., 540
Asia, 102, 508, 569. See also China; India
Assembly, right of, xxxiii, xxxiv, 548, 562
Association, doctrine of, cvi, 113, 520. See also Hartley, David
Assumption of state debts, 107, 111, 600
members’ motives, lviii–lix
predictions about, 104, 106, 108
See also Supplemental Assumption Act (1792)
Astronomy, books on, ci
Athanasian Creed, 133, 185, 186
Athanasius, 136
Atheism, 145, 390, 488, 529, 565
accusations of, xlvii, lxiii–lxiv, lxvi–lxvii, 1, 3, 67, 129, 133, 138, 144, 505
Atonement, doctrine of, 133, 217, 495, 500, 519, 536
criticism of, 4, 184, 494, 515, 543
See also Original Sin
Attleboro, Massachusetts, residents of, 115
Attorney General, 160, 281. See also Randolph, Edmund
Attorneys, federal, duties of, 205
Augusta (Hallowell), Maine, 483, 484, 514
Aurora (Philadelphia), 372
political orientation of, 307, 338, 402, 426
correspondence with, 145
· B ·
Babylon, Long Island, residents of, 611
Bache, Benjamin Franklin, lxxii, lxxviii, 307, 402
Backus, Elijah, lxxvi–lxxvii
correspondence with, lxxxix, 374
Bacon (cousin), 114
Bacon, Alice, boardinghouse of, 536, 537
Bacon, Edward, 500
Bacon, Sir Francis, writings of, c
Baffin’s Bay (Arctic Circle), research expedition to, 590, 592
Bailey Bill (1790), 136
Bailey, Francis, petition of, 136
Baker v. Fales (“Dedham Case”), cx, cxi
Baker, John K., xlv
Balch, John Tarbox, 611
Baltimore, lxxxvi, lxxxvii, 300, 315, 519, 543
petitions from, lx
travel to and from, 462
Unitarian movement in, 515
correspondence with, 136
Bangs, Edward D., 327
Bangs, Hannah Lynde, 327
Bank of New York, deposits at, 189
Bank of the United States, 311, 596, 600
Baptism, 158
Barbados, West Indies, 273, 300
Barbary Pirates. See Algerine Pirates
Barbers, respectability of, 412
Bard, David, housemate, 326
Barker, Abigail Gorham, 499, 500
correspondence with, lxiii, cii, 501
letters to, printed, 488–99, 501–508
Barlow, Nathan, imprisonment of, xcii
correspondence with, 160–61
Barnstable, Massachusetts, 35, 116, 605, 610
lawyers in, 239, 529, 595, 605
letters addressed to, 154
physicians in, xxvii, 594, 608
residents of, xcii, 115, 116, 327, 499, 500, 595, 597, 606
Unitarianism in, xxiii–xxiv
Barnstaple, England, xxvi
Barras, Paul, 375, 377–78, 400
Barrell family, 36–37, 66, 69, 104, 140, 602
Barrell, George, commission for, lxi
Barrell, Joseph, relations with, 86
Barrell, Nathaniel, 100, 390, 594
antifederalism of, xlvi, 13–15
characterized, 140
comments on
Adams, John, lxxx
federal elections, liv, 135, 231
French Revolution, 229–30
immigration, lxxiii
Indian relations, 209–10
ratification, l
“Republican Court,” lxxxviii
state debts, lviii
correspondence with, xliii–xliv, cxiii, 105, 246, 294–95, 357, 402
letters from, acknowledged, 64, 66, 100, 127, 138
letters to, printed, 7–8, 13–15, 15–22, 36–38, 64–66, 66–69, 71–72, 91–94, 100–104, 138–40, 146–49, 207–209, 227–29, 246–47, 290–94, 312–14, 327–29, 336–37, 348–53, 354–55, 390, 398–400, 408–10, 410–11, 412, 416–17, 438
portrait of, 128
relations with, xxiii, xxvi, xxix, xliii, 13, 69, 92, 133
role in ratification, li–lii, 22
Barrell, Sarah Sayward, xxvii, xliv, 594
correspondence with, xcix, 122
relations with, xxviii, 66, 72, 104, 337, 353, 390, 400, 410, 450
Barrell, William, 149
Barthélemy, François-Marie, marquis de, arrest of, 400
Bartlett, Bailey, signatory to circular letter, 452
Bass, Faith Savage, 594
Bass, Henry, 154, 298, 403, 447, 594
Bass, Sarah Baker, marriage of, 594
Bassett, Elizabeth Taylor, 113, 116
Bassett, John, 116
Bassett, William, 113
delegates to Maine constitutional convention, cvi, cviii
Battle of the Nile (1798), reports of, 440
Bauman, Sebastian, 84
Bayle, Pierre, writings of, 104
Beach, Abraham, 50
Beattie, James, relations with Joseph Priestley, 217, 219
Beckley, John, 594
on congressional politics, 240, 340
defeat as House Clerk, 372
Bedford, Pennsylvania, Whiskey Rebellion in, 329
Beds, purchase of, 419
Beggars, characterized, lxv, 77
Belchertown, Massachusetts, 536, 537
Belden, Richard, books procured through, 367
Belfast, Maine, revenue collection at, 610
Belgium (Austrian Netherlands; Flanders), military operations in, 254, 313, 329, 330
Bell ringing, ceremonial, 149, 345, 367
Beloe, William, c
Belsham, Thomas, ciii, 500–501
role in Unitarian movement, 216, 516
Bentley, William, on SST, xxvii
Berkeley, George (Irish philosopher, 1685–1753), xix
Berlin, Germany (Prussia), U.S. diplomats at, lxxii
elections in, 439
Betterment Act, enforcement of, xcii–xciii
Beverly, Massachusetts, xxxiv, liv, 595
Bible (as text)
importance of, xlvii, 215, 439, 497, 546
study of, 131, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221
See also Gospels, The; New Testament; Old Testament
Bibles (as publication)
government authorization of, 136
Biblical references, 532
Abraham, 564
Adam and Eve, 1, 3, 490, 491, 545
Ecclesiastes, 7
Gospels, The, 68, 113, 119, 144, 184–85, 186, 215, 304, 307, 417, 496, 497, 530
Last Supper, 498
Letter of James, 519
Mosaic law, 351
Moses, 553
Pauline letters, 105, 527, 565, 567
Prophets, 117, 133, 227, 352, 494
Proverbs, cxiv, 49, 101, 105, 343
Revelation, 418–19
Solomon and Sheba, 527
Song of Solomon (Canticles), 519
“Sons of Belial,” 562
Bicameralism, benefits of, 19
Biddeford Pool, Maine, outings to, xcvii
Biddeford, England, xxvi
Biddeford, Maine, xxvi, cv, cxi, 79, 96, 135, 137, 224, 453, 468, 601
churches, xliv, lxvii, ciii, 431
healthiness of, cxiii
letters addressed to, 4–6, 23–27, 166–67, 197–98, 225, 231–33, 359–63, 366, 369, 373–78, 391–92, 395–405, 412–34, 440–78, 523–24
letters dated from, 218
letters from constituents in, 139
letters written from, 1–4, 27–30, 64–69, 322–23, 338, 357–58, 392, 395, 402, 405, 485–522 passim, 574–77
population (1790), xxvi
post office, xxx, 42, 54, 96, 326, 360, 374
ratification in, l
residents of, xxx, xliv, lxxxii, 372, 595, 602, 607, 610, 611
revenue collection at, 90, 601
schools, 226, 227, 296, 298, 299, 334, 374, 431, 432
social life, xxxi, 75, 231, 234, 440, 473
tax payments to, 453
travel to and from, 5, 374, 393, 435, 461, 474, 534
Unitarian movement in, cx, cxi, 216, 358–59
view of, xvi
War of 1812 in, cxii
Woodlawn Cemetery, cxv
Bigelow, Abraham, 525, 526, 528, 533, 538
Bigelow, Amos, 224, 237, 526, 594
Bigelow, Anna Haven (Nancy), xxix, 335, 427, 445, 594–95
correspondence with, 359, 406, 435
Bigelow, Lucy Savage, 224, 335, 372, 428, 594
Bigelow, Sally, 335
Bigotry, 217
Bingham, Amos, ciii
Birch, William, illustrations by, 257, 480
Bird, Savage, & Bird (merchants), news reported by, 285, 288
Bird, Thomas, hanging of, 109
Birds, 540
in national iconography, 379, 388
Birmingham, England, riots in, 216–17, 218–19, 220, 344
characterized, lxv
Blacks, enslaved, lix, 424, 581, 585, 586
petitions for, 397, 398, 583, 584
resistance of, 46, 295, 587, 592
writings of, 583–84
Blacksmiths, as lighthouse keepers, 212
Blake, Mrs. (Worcester, Massachusetts), lodgings with, 536
Bland, Theodorick, on House rules and procedures, lxi
Blasphemy, accusations of, 501
Blount, Thomas, 353, 413, 415, 595
“affair of honor” with, 380–91, 391, 392
letters to, printed, 389
Blount, William, conspiracy of, 392, 405
Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, viscount, xix, xlvii, 40
Books and pamphlets, lxii, 135
as donations and bequests, xcix, cix, cxv, 165, 345, 485–86, 487, 499–500, 500–501, 509, 510
love of, xcviii–xcix, 38, 55, 357–58, 529–31
purchased, 100–101, 104, 221–22, 243–44, 446
See also names of authors and books; Novels; Reading; Thacher’s Tracts; Thatcher (Thacher), George, library, personal
Books, blank, impost on, 136
Booksellers, lxxxii, 136. See also names of places
Bordeaux, France, U.S. diplomats at, 276, 277
Bordman, Abigail Richardson, greetings to and from, 538, 540
Bordman, Andrew IV, 540
in American Revolution, xxii, 40, 485, 608
business standards, 101
characterized, cviii–cix
civic ceremonies, 454
comparisons to, 71
courts at, 523
GT ships goods through, 135, 244, 339, 419, 427, 447
immigration to, xxvi, 342, 344
letters addressed to, 172–77, 357–58, 529–31
letters written from, 157, 236, 259, 324, 523–24, 524–25, 527–28, 532–33
mail packets, 218, 221, 284, 296
money drawn at, 189
news reports from, 283–84, 285–86, 308, 371, 439
newspapers, 8, 71, 158, 202, 208, 259, 278, 279, 309, 399, 429, 438, 583
lawyers, cxi, 543, 593, 599, 602, 610
merchants, cviii, 131, 242, 279, 285, 299, 300, 337, 347, 526, 540, 594, 599, 600, 606, 608
parties and factions, xlvi, cv, 260, 300, 321
places and neighborhoods
bookstores, xcviii, xcix, 529–30, 531
Bowdoin Square, 238
churches, 183, 343, 500, 508, 543, 597–98
the Common, 176
Faneuil Hall, 310
Golden Ball Tavern, 239
public opinion in
on Ames, Fisher, 309, 312, 321
on Anglo-Spanish war, 140
on Embargo (1794), 309, 310, 311–12
on federal representatives, 259–60
on French Revolution, 337
on religion, 542
on trade policy, 255, 262, 271
on war with Great Britain, 278
publishing in, 188, 339, 508, 547, 613
residents, xciii, ciii, civ, cxvi, 35, 40, 115, 252, 467, 468, 526, 597, 605, 606, 607, 611, 612
revenue collection at, 88, 211, 213, 596, 604
social life, xcviii, xcix, 528, 538
town meetings, 253, 255, 263, 309, 310, 311, 321
travel to and from, xlvi, 4, 5, 27, 33, 35, 36, 39, 65, 69, 100, 214, 223, 228, 237, 240, 242, 250, 326, 369, 436, 442, 449, 461, 479, 526, 529, 531, 536, 537
Boston Commercial Gazette, items printed in, cxv. See also Thatcher (Thacher), George, obituary
Boston Evening Transcript, 587
Boston Gazette, 310
items printed in, 578
Boston Port Bill (1774), comparisons with, 510, 512
Boston Recorder, items printed in, 512, 514
Boston Tea Party (1773), 594, 608
Boswell, James, 531
Bourn, Ruth, courtship of, 237, 239
Bourne, Hannah Doane, xxvii, 595
Bourne, Shearjashub, 154, 239, 595
law students of, xxv, xxvii, 529, 597, 605
Bowdoin College, 388, 437, 485, 486, 513
donations and bequests to, xcix, cxv, 345, 358, 485–86, 499–500, 501, 509, 510
Bowdoin, James II, 35, 485, 581
gubernatorial election, 107, 548
Bowdoin, James III, bequests of, 485, 487
Bower, Archibald, writings of, c
Boxford, Massachusetts, residents of, 607
Bradbury, Mr. (Maine lawyer), 59
Bradford, Gamaliel, 540
Bradford, Sophia Blake, 540
Bradford, Sophia Blake Rice, 538
Bradstreet (Broadstreet), Boatman, pension for, 248, 249, 252
Brant, Joseph, leadership of, 210
Brattle, Mr. (Boston), business with, 325
Breck, Samuel, 252
Brest, France, ships from, 254
Bribery and corruption in office, 8, 160, 206, 249–50
Bridges
erection of, 195, 196, 197, 599
Brighton, Massachusetts, 531, 532–33
Bristol County, Massachusetts, economy in, 161
Bristol District (Massachusetts), 2nd federal election in, 159, 161
Brookline, Massachusetts, residents of, 595
Brooklyn, Connecticut, clergy in, 543
Brooklyn, New York, residents of, 56
Broome, Samuel, cxiv
Brown University, attenders, lxvii, 601, 613
Brown, Andrew Jr., letters to, printed, 382–387
Brown, Andrew Sr., 387
Brown, Charles Brockden, Wieland, 475
Brown, Henry Y., 327
Brown, Henry, correspondence with, 325
Brown, John (Ky.), 266
Brown, John (R.I.), speeches of, 589, 591, 593
Brown, William Hill, writings of, ci
Brownfield, Maine, residents of, 327
Brunswick, Maine, residents of, 153, 486, 487, 609, 612
Bryant, William Cullen, poetry of, 512
Bumstead, Joseph, bookseller, xcviii, xcix
Bunker Hill, Battle of (1775), xcii, 601
Buonaparte, Louis, writings of, ci
Burke, Ædanus, relations with, 581
Burke, Edmund, writings of, 295, 366–67
Burlamaqui, Jean-Jacques, influence of, xxii
Burnet, Gilbert, writings of, c
conspiracy of, lxxvii
predictions about, 239–40
presidential candidacy of, lxxxiii–lxxxiv, 468, 476, 478
Burton, Mrs. (Biddeford, Me.), 96
· C ·
Cabot, George, lxxx, 120, 342, 595, 599
opinion on GT, cxvi
Cabot, Mr., introductions to, 71
Cadiz, Spain, trade with, 275
Callet, Antoine-François, portrait by, 259
Cambridge University (England), 222, 358, 532
Cambridge, Massachusetts, xxiv, 524, 529
letters written from, 510–11, 538–40
residents, lxxxi, 526, 540, 542, 594, 598
travel to and from, 526, 528, 531, 537, 540
Camden, Delaware, planters, 605
Camden, Maine, post office, 162, 173, 192
Camperduin (Camperdown), Battle of (1797), 402
Canada, c, 210, 307, 511. See also names of provinces, towns
Canals, investment in, 599
Cape Anne, Massachusetts, xviii
Cape Cod, Massachusetts, xxvi, cxi, 2
conditions, xix, xxii, xxv, 115, 116
religion on, xxiii–xxiv
See also names of towns
Capital (money), flow of, 260
Capital, federal. See Seat of government
Capitol (Washington, D.C.), lxxxvii, 477
letters written from, 461, 463, 466, 467, 476, 478
illustration of, 480
Careaux (Carteaus), Jean, 254, 255
Carleton, Guy, Lord Dorchester, relations with Indians, 280, 281, 286, 287, 313, 314, 315
Carlisle, John, farm purchased, cix
Carmichael, William, diplomatic mission of, 323
Carnot, Lazare, arrest of, 400
Carpenter, Lant, writings of, 487
Carpenters and joiners, 359
Carr, James, correspondence with, 91
Carriages and chaises, 598
tax on, 287, 289, 293, 311, 312, 321, 322
travel by, 36, 89, 238, 339, 427
Carroll, Bishop John, at ceremonial dinner, 436
Cartoons, political, 407
Catherine the Great, 242
civil rights of, cvii
forms of worship, lxv
“Jesuitism,” as metaphor, cxi, 520
role in French Revolution, 229, 230
superstitions of, 531–32
Cattle, 198
Caucuses, lii
congressional, lxxviii, 443, 456, 478
local, role in elections, 16
Cayuga Indians, delegation from, 210
Census (1790)
congressional action on, 155, 158, 160
reapportionment under, lxviii, 153, 170
Ceracchi, Giuseppe, petition of, 161–62
Ceremonies and customs, basis of, 546
Certificates, federal, 97, 99, 115, 267
Certificates, state, value of, 104
Cervantes, Miguel de, Don Quixote, 518, 520
Chadwell, Benjamin, 81
Chadwell, Dr., “stroking irons,” 360
Chadwell, Mrs. (NYC), landlady, 80–81, 82
Chairs, purchase of, 419
Chalmers, Thomas, writings of, 518, 520
Chandler, Thomas Bradley, 410
Channing, William Ellery, 502, 508, 518
“Baltimore Sermon,” 515, 516, 517, 519, 520
Chapone, Hester Mulso, xli
Charity, performance of, 3
Charleston, South Carolina, 188, 242
Charlestown, Massachusetts, 340, 517, 520, 604
Chastellux, François-Jean de, Travels, 180, 182
Chateaubriand, François-René, social commentary of, lxxiv–lxxv
Chauncy, Charles, 181, 183, 186–87, 343
Checks and balances, constitutional provisions for, 8, 570
Cheese, purchase of, 437
Chennai (Madras), India, 508
Cherokee Indians, hostilities with, 141
Childrearing
importance of, 43
instructions regarding, 24, 95–96, 166, 167, 226, 233
methods and theories of, xxxvii–xxxix, lv, lvii, 10, 34, 47, 63, 73–74, 75–77, 88–89, 122, 340, 431, 479 (See also Kames, Henry Home, Lord; Rousseau, Jean-Jacques)
Children, 167
characterized, 42–43, 73, 77, 89, 376, 433
mortality of, xix, 83, 251, 375–76, 467
punishment and correction of, 74, 95
runaway, lxii
See also Boys; Childrearing; Girls
China (Canton), c, 61, 86, 126, 348
Chinese, civil equality of, 573
Christian Disciple and Theological Review (Boston), 518, 520, 533
Christian Intelligencer and Gospel Advocate (Portland, Me.), items printed in, 520, 549, 550–51
Christianity, 67, 122, 493, 500, 572
benefits of, 185–86
conditions, 145, 498, 503–504, 506, 515, 555
Early Church, 136, 504, 509, 520, 554, 565
sectarian relations, 506, 564, 573
See also names of denominations
Chubb, Thomas, writings of, 488, 499
Church and State
historical interdependence of, 567–68
separation of, xxiv, xxxiii, cii, cvii, 67, 548, 555, 568, 571
Church of Scotland, clergy, 520
Church, Benjamin, medical students of, 608
Churchman, John, petitions of, 589–90, 592
Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 22, 151, 153
Cider, medicinal use of, 251, 257
advantages of, 174, 175–76, 198
aversion to, lxxxvii, 394, 414, 428
vs. country, 58–59, 151–52, 232, 365, 369, 377
Citizens, duties of, cvii, 433
Civil war, predictions of, 510, 511
Civil War, U.S., 583
Claggett, Thomas, as Senate chaplain, 477
Clark, Abraham, motion on non-intercourse, 295
Clark, George Rogers, as French agent, 263, 266, 287
Clark, Samuel, writings of, xix, 505, 509
Clarke, James Freeman, writings of, 343, 353
Clarke, Jonas, as revenue collector, lxxxix
Classes, 111, 396, 412, 433, 458, 468
commonalities among, lxxxviii
distribution of burdens among, 196, 569
the poor, lxv, 238, 432, 465, 601
wealthy, 54, 59, 167, 288, 420–21, 425
Claxton, Thomas, as House doorkeepr, 372
Clay, Henry, lxxvi
Claypoole’s American Daily Advertiser (Philadelphia), items printed in, 204, 211, 353, 360, 585–86
as career option, xxiii, xxiv, 114
political role of, lxiv, cvii–cviii, 67, 86, 136, 142, 144, 151
See also names of places
Clerk of the House, 136, 258, 371, 372, 443
Clinton, DeWitt, as presidential candidate, xcvii
Clinton, George, 84, 86, 258, 282
Clothing and dress, xcv, 1, 5, 231, 362, 368, 388, 393, 418, 430, 447, 453
childrens’, xxxviii–xxxix, 23, 24, 77
for “Republican Court,” 10, 243, 401
Coaches (chariots, hackneys), 12, 465, 467
Coasting Act (1790), lx
Cobb, Mary Hooper, 595
Cobb, Matthew, 96, 377, 595–96
comments on SST, xxviii
social life, xlii, xliii, 78, 330
Cobb, Mehitable Bangs, 251, 325, 376–77, 595–96
Cobbett, William (“Peter Porcupine”), 401–02, 402, 426
Cobblers, 212
Codman, Capt. (Portland, Me.), 220, 271
Codman, Mary Cushing (Ashmun), 538, 540
Codman, Stephen, 540
Cole, Jacques Moses Dupré, portrait by, 128
Cole, Joseph Greenleaf, portaits by, 539
Collection Act (1789), lix, 91, 93, 94, 205
College of William and Mary, attenders, 593, 602
Colleges and universities, 152, 153, 174–75, 175–76, 177, 218, 487. See also “Cumberland College”; names of colleges
Collier, William, 517
Collins, Stephen, relations with, 148, 149
Colonial legislatures, weakness of, 18
Colonization, 375
forced (to Africa), 592
Columbia River, Pacific Northwest, cvi
Columbia University (King’s College), attenders and faculty, lxxix, 394, 600, 601, 602
Columbia, South Carolina, ratification convention in, 31
Columbian Centinel (Boston), 537
items printed in, xcviii, 197, 228, 230, 255, 262, 310, 391, 399, 401, 403, 440, 517, 522, 578
“Columbus,” as Maine state name, cvi
Columbus, Christopher, 489–90
Commerce. See Trade and commerce
Commercial nations, prosperity of, 292
Common law, comparisons with, lxxvii
Common Sense realism, 219
Compromise of 1790, lviii, lxxxvii, 108–09, 118–19
Concord, Massachusetts, xxi, xxxii, 160, 523
See also Lexington and Concord, Battles of
Concord, New Hampshire, 30, 610
Condy, Jonathan Williams, election as House Clerk, 372, 442, 443
Confederation period, characterized, 556
Congregational Church, 182, 344, 485, 508, 565
clergy, cii, 335, 340, 359, 519, 520, 529, 537, 543, 594, 597, 598, 614
and Unitarianism, xxiv, xliv, cx, 344
Congress Hall, Philadelphia, 372, 444
description, 258
House chamber, lxxxvii, 385, 405
depictions of, 407
joint meetings in, 374, 395, 445
letters written from, 238, 395, 406, 419
mail delivery to, 303, 375, 435, 454
seating arrangements, 350, 406, 419
painting of, 346
public attendance at, lxxviii, 256, 360, 361
Senate chamber
joint meetings in, 238
Congress of Vienna (1814–15), 509
Congress, Confederation, 12, 30, 53, 63, 136, 161, 335, 389, 581
accommodations for, temporary, 54, 58, 59
agenda, xlix, 37, 38, 44–45, 45–46, 123
attendance, xxxv, xxxix–xl, liv, 26–27, 29, 33, 38, 47, 53, 54, 57, 60, 64, 154
burden of service in, lxxxv
daily routine, 24–25
delegates, xxxiv, 116, 150, 180, 240, 245, 272, 596, 598, 600, 602, 603, 604, 606, 609, 614
delegates’ pay, 88
GT’s election to, xxxiii–xxxiv, liii, 143
lodgings during, 5, 9, 10, 35, 56
metaphors for, xlviii
Secretary, 45–46
Secretary at War, 604
Secretary of Foreign Affairs, 46, 54, 601
Superintendent of Finance, 54, 55
public opinion on, xxxv, 10, 15, 29, 64
social life, 9–10, 12, 26, 27, 35–36, 50, 62, 63
Congress, Continental, lxv, 136, 165, 259, 409, 428
delegates, 116, 180, 186, 272, 449, 593, 600, 601, 602, 604, 613
“secret committees,” 55
convening of, constitutional provisions for, 147
efficiency of, 156
members’ qualifications, 229, 233
metaphors for, xlviii
parties and factions, origin of, 354
declaration of war, lxxviii–lxxix
exclusive jurisdiction, 51
foreign affairs, 569
general subsidies, 589–90, 592
regulating religion, 563
regulating slavery, 398, 581, 588
relations with executive branch, lxi, 574
retirement rate, lxxxviii
social life at (See “Republican Court”)
as source of information, 164, 449
See also House; Senate; individual Congresses
Congress, federal, 1st
agenda, 14, 46, 51, 90, 115, 147, 581
characterized, lxx, 102, 105, 111, 119, 135, 191
communications with President, 140, 149
conference committee, 91
expectations of, liv
debates, lvi–lvii, lix, lxi, 99, 105–106, 107, 136, 170, 581
parties and factions, 97, 354, 574, 578
proceedings, lviii, 55, 72, 91, 92, 97, 98, 104, 106, 107, 115, 117–18, 118, 120, 131, 132, 136, 150, 155, 157, 160, 581, 592, 593
public opinion on, 127, 129, 134
reception committee for George Washington, 83, 86
sessions
convenings, liv, 37, 51, 54, 64
See also Thatcher (Thacher), George—Representative
Congress, federal, 2nd, 155
communications with President, 158, 160, 189, 191
House
debates, 155, 162–63, 164, 188, 190, 191, 206–07, 276, 278
proceedings, 70, 155, 158, 160, 161, 169, 170, 171, 190–91, 191, 203, 204, 205, 206–07, 207, 208, 232, 267, 289, 581–82, 589–90
Senate action on Washington statue, 159, 161
sessions
length of, 205
See also Thatcher (Thacher), George—Representative
Congress, federal, 3rd
agenda, 240, 246, 265, 270, 277
communications with president, 264, 266
House
characterized, 241
debates, lv–lvi, 241, 245, 249, 250, 259–60, 264, 267, 287, 289, 295, 300, 301–02, 305, 307, 382
parties and factions, 241, 260, 264
proceedings, 246, 247, 249, 250, 254, 265, 267, 272, 277, 280, 281, 283, 284, 287, 289, 291, 292, 293, 295, 296, 304, 305, 307, 315, 317, 322, 582
Representatives, relations among, 237
Senate committee on coastal defense, 272
sessions
convening, 237
state of the union address to, 330, 331
temporary relocation of, 326
See also Thatcher (Thacher), George—Representative
Congress, federal, 4th
House
debates, lx, 349, 350, 353–54, 583
schedule, 345
seating chart (1796), 350
parties and factions, 349, 353, 354, 356
Senate, special session, 338
sessions
convenings, 353
state of the union address to, 359–60
See also Thatcher (Thacher), George—Representative
Congress, federal, 5th
agenda, 371, 374, 413, 425, 435
characterized, lxxviii, 380, 397, 399, 401, 402, 406, 427
caucuses, lxxviii
characterized, 425
debates, lxxiii, 377, 384, 397, 398, 403, 404, 408, 411, 413, 415, 417, 424–25, 583, 584–86
proceedings, lxx, lxxi–lxxii, 99, 165, 381, 383, 384, 389, 397, 398, 405–06, 408, 414–15, 415, 424, 425, 427, 583, 584, 586
seating in (1798), 419
members’ fatigue, 435
parties and factions, 381, 399, 411
extremism of, lxviii–lxix, 382
pro- and anti-French, 378, 389, 429
public opinion on, 371, 409, 575–76, 577
Senate
advice and consent, 394
expulsions, 392
sessions
adjournments, 371, 377, 390, 391, 414, 415, 420, 421, 425, 427, 430, 433, 434–35, 435–36, 436, 442
special, 429
state of the union address to, 374–75, 377, 395, 396
See also Thatcher (Thacher), George—Representative
Congress, federal, 6th
agenda, frustration with, 449, 455, 470
characterized, lxxxiii, 467, 471, 477
communications between chambers, 476–77
adjournments, daily, 467, 470, 471
balloting for president, 476, 477, 478–79
ceremonies, 472–73
debates, lvii, 449, 450, 588–92
seating in, 476
voting frequency, lxxxiii
parties and factions, lxxxiii–lxxxiv, 443, 450, 478, 579
sessions
length of, 447
state of the union address to, 465
Washington’s death, joint observance of, 445
See also Thatcher (Thacher), George—Representative
Congress, federal, 7th, parties and factions in, lxxxiii
Congresses, federal, future
“Protest of the Minority,” 574, 579
15th, xci
16th, Missouri Compromise in Senate, 521, 522, 523
public opinion on, 198
revenue collectors advance against, 303, 359, 393, 402, 442, 466
See also Salaries-Legislative Act (1789)
Congressional Register, lvii, lix, cxxiv, 136
Connecticut, 180
constitution (1818), 183
election laws, 159
2nd federal election in, 150
government, state, 80, 180, 182–83, 437, 599
indentured servitude in, 604
weather, 437
See also names of towns; New England states; Northern states
Connecticut congressional delegation, 405
Connecticut Courant (Hartford), 327
Conscience, freedom of, xxiii, lxv, cvii
Conscience, purity of, 1
Conscientious objection, cvii, 533, 534
Conspiracies, lxxxvii, 405, 413
rumors of, lxxii, 10, 340, 391, 392
Constellation (frigate), naval action by, 455, 456
Constituents, 391
characterized, fickle, 135
circular letters to, 44, 54, 82, 264, 275, 288, 303, 315
relations with
independence from, lii–liii
instructions from, 200
lobbying, 99
obstacles to, liii–liv
opinions consulted, xliv–xlv, 162, 209, 245, 468
respect for, 356
responsiveness to, 172–73
tour of district, 153
unbiased treatment, lxi, 90, 438
services for
advises about trade, 270
books secured, 163, 165, 178, 183
copyright forwarded, 162
correspondence solicited, 90, 91
estates settled, 115
financial transactions, 127, 248, 294
franking for, lxxxii
goods procured, 111
government records circulated, 193, 195, 203, 416, 423
information shared, xlii–xliii, xlv, xlviii–xlix, lxxx, 177, 208, 410–11
legislation forwarded to, 90, 118
liaison to congressional committee, lxii
office seeking, 116, 206, 240, 322–23, 348, 439
pamphlets circulated, 118, 423, 424
petitions handled, lx–lxii, 160, 211, 212, 252, 357, 425, 428
publications circulated, 415
recommendations for appointments, xxxi, lxi, 93, 158, 160, 287, 321, 608
runaways recovered, xxv
settlement of accounts, 288, 321
variety of, lxii
Constitution
achievement of, 135
amending, constitutional provisions for, 577
benefits of, 423
characterized, 14, 15, 16, 323, 568
copies circulated, lxxiv
criticism of, lxxii–lxxiii
Framers’ intentions, 67
implementation of, xlix, 30, 44
necessity of, 20
objections to, 7
silences in, 571
strict construction of, 311
See also Amendments to the Constitution; names of provisions; Ratification of the Constitution
Constitutions, theories of, xxxvii–xxxviii
Continental Army, 426
administration, lxiii, 86, 599
officers, 135, 595, 600, 601, 603, 604, 605, 606, 607, 609, 612 (See also Society of the Cincinnati)
service in, 120, 250, 609, 614
veterans, 30, 50, 165, 213, 289, 326, 372, 465
Continental Navy, physicians in, 156
Convention of 1800 (Treaty of Mortefontaine), lxxx
Conventions, popular, legality of, xxxiii, 556–62
Conversation
value of
social, 13, 32, 167, 290, 393, 535
comments on
French Revolution, 235
Indian wars, 210
TBW, 236
Washington, George, 160
correspondence with, xlviii, 91, 192, 196, 197
letters to, printed, 172–77, 192–96
at state constitutional convention, cv, cvi
Cook, Amos Jones. recommendation for, 513–14, 514
Cook, Francis, investigation of, 206
Cooper, William, 310
Copenhagen, Denmark, diplomats in, 243
Copley, John Singleton, legacy of, 168
Copyright Act (1790), 164
purchases of, 257, 414, 416, 440
Correspondence
extent of, xxi, xxv, xlvi, xlix, 50–51, 78, 368, 431
lack of, 207–08, 294, 454, 525
non-partisan criteria, 90
purposes of, xlviii–xlix, 44, 51, 69, 287–88
reading habits, 501
reliance upon, 25
significance of, xviii
topics, xciii
See also Constituents, circular letters to
Cosmology, xix
Courting and courtship, 25, 39, 41, 148–49, 234, 377, 452
district judges, 157, 168, 255, 277, 280, 321, 322
See also Supreme Court of the U.S.
Coxe, Tench, 163, 171–72, 205, 348, 596
correspondence with, 324
letters to, printed, 322–23, 338
Craik, William, role in balloting for president (1801), 477
Creek Indians, relations with Spain, 141
Crèvecœur, John Hector St. John de, Letters, xviii
state, 523
Crocker family (Yarmouth, Mass.), xix
Cromwell, Oliver, 451, 557, 562
Cross, Nathaniel, correspondence with, cii
Cross, Ralph, 206
Cross, Stephen, investigation of, 171–72, 172, 205
“Cumberland College” (Me.), 152, 173–77
Cumberland County, Maine, 67, 139, 151, 197
3rd federal election in, lxviii
Cumberland Gazette (Portland, Me.), xlv, 144, 146, 174, 235, 613
items printed in, xxxiv, lv, lxv, xciv, 120, 151–52, 548, 556–61, 562, 563–73
Cummins, Mr. (Conn.), 180
Cushing, Nathan, resignation from bench, xc
Cutler, Manasseh, 28, 30, 35–36
Cutts, Anna Payne, marriage of, 596
· D ·
D’Alembert, Jean le Rond, 531
Daggett, David, 240
Daguerreotypes, 539
Daily Advertiser (NYC), items printed in, lxxiii, 47
Dallas, Alexander J., 266, 339
Dalley, Gifford, 240
Dalton, Catherine, 234
Dalton, Mary, 234
Dalton, Ruth Hooper, 234
Dalton, Tristram, 119, 234, 325, 596
Dams, erection of, 197
Dana, Francis, resignation from bench, xc–xci
Dana, James, 180, 181, 182, 183
Dana, Judah, correspondence with, 326–27
Dana, Samuel, deposed, 405
Dancing, xxx–xxxi, 232, 362, 368
schooling in, 359, 360, 408, 431–32, 433, 475–76
Dancing assemblies, 26, 27, 538
Dane, Nathan, xxxiv, xxxv, 54, 55
Danton, Georges-Jacques, execution of, 321, 322
Danvers, Massachusetts, travel to and from, 39, 40, 528
Dartmouth College, 176
attenders, xci, 143, 344, 514, 526, 537, 594
Davie, William R., as peace commissioner to France, 456
Davila, Enrico Caterino, writings of, c
Davis, Daniel, xxv, xlix, cxiv, 42, 153, 526, 597
in 3rd federal election, 228, 229, 230, 236
legal career, xcii, 523, 595, 601
relations with, xix, 36, 303, 525
Davis, Ebenezer, army commission for, 287, 289
Davis, Louisa, 526
Davis, Louisa Freeman, 36, 523, 526, 597
Davy, Susannah Brown, 364–65
Davy, William, 364–65
Dawes, Thomas Jr., 22, 483, 485
Dayton, Jonathan, 281
Deane, Charles, collector of Thatcher letters, lxxxi–lxxxii
correspondence with, 174
letters to, printed, 151–52
Dearborn, Henry, 230, 250, 350
Dearing, James, correspondence with, lxii
Death, 241–42
observations about, 39, 81, 298, 375–76, 524, 525
preparations for, 113, 362, 403
Deblois, Ruth Dalton, 234
See also Assumption of state debts; Funding Act (1790)
Debt, state. See Assumption of state debts; Massachusetts
Declaration of Independence, Signers of, 182, 449, 600, 602
Dedham, Massachusetts, xlix, xc, 594
Defense of Frontiers Act (1792), 204
Defense, national, 196, 204, 293
accusations of, liii, lxiii–lxiv, 3, 77, 144
characteristics of, xxiv, 158, 503, 504–505, 508
criticism of, ci, 344, 502, 550
writings about, 186, 488, 499, 518, 520
Delaware, 18, 19, 108, 117, 169, 582, 605. See also Middle states
Delaware congressional delegation, role in balloting for president (1801), lxxxiv
Delaware Indians, hostilities with, 166
Democratic Societies, 273, 275, 306, 550
Democratic-Republicans, xcvi, cv, cvi, 391, 451, 610
GT’s friendship with, xciv
organization of, 275, 450, 594
role in Congress, lxxxiii, 329, 335, 372, 411, 443, 589, 605
See also names of places
Denmark, 243, 246–47, 270, 352
Dennie, Joseph, editorship of, 403
Dentists, 468
Department of State, 340, 375, 410
visits to, 167
Department of Treasury, auditor of, 288, 289
Department of War, liberty threatened by, 311
Despotism, universal, 305
disbelief in, 2, 76–77, 87, 134
literary references to, lii, xcvii, cvi, cix, cxii, 89, 99, 105, 182, 236, 284, 405, 415, 521, 530, 531
antislavery motion, 582
public opinion on, 253, 259–60, 293, 312
speeches on trade policy, 259–60, 263
Diary, or Loudon’s Register (NYC), 239, 266
Diderot, Denis, religion of, 531
Diplomats, U.S., xcv, 31, 368, 404. See also names of cities and countries
Dissenters, relativism of, 110
Distilled spirits, 404
Distillers, 613
petitions from, 158
Doddridge, Philip (1702–51; nonconformist minister), writings of, 492
Dominica, West Indies, 300
Dover, New Hampshire, xvi, 64, 607
Dow, Jeremiah, payments for, 240, 242
Dracut, Massachusetts, resident of, 612
Drawing, educational role of, 458
uses of, xliv–xlv
Dresden (Pownalborough), Maine, 99, 111
Drinking habits, 364
Drowning, death by, 373, 375–76
Drunkenness, xxv, xcviii–xcix, 378, 554
Ducos, Roger, 450
Duelling, 378–91 passim
Burr-Hamilton, 600
mortalities from, 595
Duer, William, 30
House investigation of, 250
Duer, William A., on House debates, 378
Duncan, Adam, Viscount of Camperdown, 401, 402
Dundas, Henry, instructions of, 279, 280, 281, 284, 285
Dunlap’s American Daily Advertiser (Philadelphia)
Dunstan (Scarborough), Maine, 79, 81
· E ·
Earthquakes, as metaphor, 413
East Bridgewater, Massachusetts, 613, 614
East India Company, rule by, 105
East River, New York, 62
Eastern Argus (Portland, Me.), items printed in, cxv, 522
Eastern Herald (Portland, Me.), xlv, 197, 303, 331, 613
items printed in, 220, 230, 272, 282, 289, 324, 550
Eastern states. See New England states
Ecclesiology, commentary on, xxiii
Economics
GT’s ignorance of, 132
Economy, U.S.
labor force, xl–xli
Edenton, North Carolina, 344
Edinburgh, University of, attenders, 165, 542
Education, lxxiv, 110, 152, 311, 441
equal access to, 564
influence of, 73–74, 75–77, 80, 82, 83, 85
instructions regarding, 87, 88–89
methods, lxvi, cix, 2, 121, 151
“modern,” 459–60
neglect of, 73–74
See also Childrearing; Children; Girls; Women
Edwards, Jonathan Jr., doctrinal disputes of, 181, 183
Edwards, Jonathan Sr., writings, 181, 183, 488, 492, 499
Egypt, exploration of, 508
Eldwood, C.P., etching by, 407
Elections, federal
3rd, 228
4th, 327, 329, 330, 331, 336, 337
anti-lawyer bias, 228–29
congressional regulation of, 159
constitutional provisions for, 8, 16
proposed constitutional amendment on, lv, 161
as remedy, 577
runoffs, lxii
See also names of places
Elections, presidential
(1792), 231
(1796), lxix
(1800), lxxxiii–lxxxiv, 451–52, 468 (See also Congress, federal, 6th, House)
predictions about, lxxx, 466, 470
(1804), 614
constitutional provisions for, 476
Eliot, George Augustus, 519
Elizabeth, New Jersey, 83, 372, 462
Elliot, Maine, delegate to state constitutional convention, 533
Ellsworth, Oliver, 116, 269, 272, 342, 456
Emancipation
constitutionality of, 588
proposed, 586
Embargoes, 578
duration of, 293, 295, 296, 300, 301, 302–03, 305, 307, 309, 310, 311–12, 319–20
public opinion on, 315–16
reinstatement of, 317
(1813), criticism of, 511, 512
British-imposed, 348–49
Madisonian, 574
public opinion on, 409
Emerson, Edward, correspondence with, lii
Emerson, Olive Barrell, 230, 597
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, xxi
Emerson, Samuel, 215, 216, 230, 597
Emlen, Samuel Jr., lobbying by, 118
Empire, 201
American, lxxvi, lxxxiii, 51, 124, 126
historical development of, 102, 570
immigration from, 316, 594, 614
See also Great Britain
English language, 215, 334–35, 514
English, George Bethune, writings of, 501, 502, 503, 508, 509
Enlightenment, The, xxiv, lxxiv, 3, 242, 292
Enumerated powers, constitutional provisions for, lv, 19
Episcopal Church, 49, 149, 344, 477
relation to Unitarianism, 214–15
Erpenius, Thomas. writings of, c
Essex Junto, machinations of, lxvi, 206
Ethics, professorships in, 174
Europe
books imported from, lxxxii
comparisons with, lv
diplomatic protocol, 259
foreign relations with, 262
historical development of, 292, 567
impact of Constitution on, 14
news reports from, 249, 276, 304, 308, 310, 348, 360, 405
newspaper circulation in, 403
public opinion in, 29, 324, 400, 435
revolutionary utopias in, 316–17, 323
trade with, xcv, 61, 136, 244–45, 321, 569
Eusebius, books on, c
Evangelical Churches, books on, c
Excise
collection, 158, 169, 321, 322, 323, 329
constitutionality of, 311
petitions to repeal, 169
Executive branch
militia exemptions for, 206
relations with legislative branch, lxi
support for, liv
See also names of departments; President of the U.S.
Exercise (walking), lxxxvii, 79, 298
Exeter, New Hampshire, 30, 50, 186, 227, 529
Experience, use of, 111, 199. See also History, lessons from
Eyeglasses, 528
· F ·
Fair Haven, Vermont, printer at, 604
Fairfax County, Virginia, planter at, 613
Fairfield, Connecticut, lawyer at, 80
Faith, analysis of, 489–90
Fallen Timbers, Battle of (1794), 314–15
Falmouth Gazette (Portland, Me.), xlv, 550, 612, 613
items printed in, lvii, 35, 548, 555
Falmouth, Massachusetts, Revolutionary War in, xxiii
Families, characterized, 442
Fanaticism, harm of, 3
Farmer, Hugh, writings of, 239
Farmer’s Weekly Museum (Walpole, N.H.), 403
Farmers, 81, 212, 233, 235, 412, 529, 596
Farming and husbandry, xvii, 210, 298, 425, 463, 469, 471
moral benefits of, 377
See also Thatcher (Thacher), George, farm
Fauchet, Jean-Antoine-Joseph, 256, 258, 263, 276, 291, 294
secret activities of, 339, 340
Fauquier County, Virginia. lawyer in, 605
Fayetteville, North Carolina, ratification convention in, 46
Federal Convention, 44
“Connecticut Compromise,” 182, 272
delegates, 180, 245, 598, 600, 603, 605, 607, 613
praise for, lxxii–lxxiii
Federal Gazette (Philadelphia), 170, 387
Federal government, 20–21, 213, 263
public opinion on, 106, 212, 324, 375
Federal Hall (City Hall), New York City, 9, 41, 52, 104
Federalism, 191, 275, 485, 569
transformation of, lxxxiv, xciv, 468
Federalist essays (“Publius”)
authorship of, 600, 601–02, 605
“Adams Federalists,” lxxx
characterized, xvii, lxxiv, 575
divisions among, lxxviii, lxxx, cx, 394, 600
obsolescence of, xciii
role in Congress, liv, lxxviii, lxxxiii, lxxxiii–lxxxiv, xcvii, 329, 392, 443, 456, 605
See also names of places and congressional delegations
Fenno, John, lxxviii, xciv, 111
comments on
Adams, John, 394
Democratic-Republicans, 340
federal elections, lxviii, lxxvii, lxxxiii
House debates, 380
yellow fever epidemic, lxxviii
Fenno, John Ward, on 6th Congress, lxxxiii
Fenwick, John, on French trade policy, 276, 277
Filibustering expeditions, 392
Findley, William, in Whiskey Rebellion, 329
Firefighting, methods, 333, 363
Fires
anxiety about, lxxxv–lxxxvi, 365, 405, 444, 467
prevention, instructions for, 244, 251, 347, 363, 397, 405, 418, 437, 453
See also Philadelphia, fires in
Firewood, cost and supply of, 9, 10, 23
First Ladies, 593
Fish, salted, bounty on, 116
Fisheries, economic importance of, lix
Fishermen, characterized, lxxv
Fishing, exempted from Embargo (1794), 276
Fitzsimons, Thomas, 22, 245, 247
Five Nations. See Six Nations (Iroquois)
Flagg, John, tavernkeeper, 153, 154, 237
Flags, celebratory use of, 84, 367
Fletcher, John, landlord, 224
Flint, Abel, preaching of, 237, 239
Flint, Royal, land speculation by, 28, 31
Florida, British West, attack on, 392
Florida, Spanish East, 46, 266
Flushing, New York, travel to and from, 63
Fontenelle, Bernard LeBovier, writings of, 239
Food, xxx
chocolate, 237
nature’s gift of, 1
Fordyce, John, writings of, xxxviii
Foreign Affairs Act (1789), liv
Foreign Intercourse Bill (1798), House debate on, 403, 404, 413
Foster, Abiel, votes on assumption, 107
Foster, Hannah Webster, The Coquette, 40
Fox, Charles James, 296
France, xcvi, c, 182, 242, 247, 254, 267, 400, 410
abolition movement in, 581, 590, 593
alliances, European, 141, 321, 352
characterized, 365, 395, 417, 440
diplomats in U.S., 86, 254, 255, 258
émigrés, lxxiv, lxxv, 400, 448
government
as “Republic,” 352, 423, 424–25
constitution (1791), 208–209, 211, 227, 229, 230, 247
constitution (1795), 374
monarchy, 227–28, 229, 230, 352
National Convention, ci, 254, 276
invasion of British Isles by, 402, 416, 440
navy, lxx, 253, 255, 265, 280, 286, 429, 439, 440, 455
news reported from, 227, 247, 395
newspapers, translated, 351
peace mission to (1797–99), lxxi–lxxii, lxxviii, 394–95, 434, 598, 605, 607 (See also XYZ Affair)
lack of news about, 399, 401, 405, 412
peace mission to (1799–1800), lxxix–lxxx, 455, 456, 464, 466
public opinion on, 374, 375, 409, 424
relations with, cii, 374–75, 380, 579, 593 (See also Quasi-War with France; War Crisis [1798])
alliance of 1778, lvi, lxviii, lxx, 258, 259, 283, 365, 394
hostilities, prospects of, 261, 365–66, 399–400, 401, 405
religious persecution in, 499
role in Revolutionary War, 55, 182
spoliation claims against, 394
interdicted, 248, 271, 276, 364, 365, 409, 410
See also Ancien Regime; French Directory; French Revolution; War of the First Coalition
Franking
use of, 24, 25, 27, 35–40, 98, 167, 225, 233, 247, 249, 275, 329, 337, 355–77, 391, 391–478 passim, 522
Franklin, Benjamin, 307, 335, 602
“Franklin” as pseudonym, 338–39
Franklin, Walter, 85–86
Fraud, legal sanctions against, 554
Fraunces, Andrew, allegations of, 249–50
Fraunces, Samuel, 249
Frederick the Great (Prussia), 531
Frederick William (Prussia), 322
Freedom, universal, 117
Freeman, James, 218, 353, 508, 597–98
on 2nd federal election, lxv
comments on GT, lxvi–lxvii
letters to, printed, 213–14, 220–22, 341–43, 357–58
on religion, xxiii–xxiv, lxvi–lxvii
role in Unitarian movement, 215, 516
on titles, lv
Freeman, Mr. (Cape Cod), relations with, 488
Freeman, Samuel, 165, 303, 322, 598
correspondence with, lxii, 165
letters to, printed, 162–64
Freeport, Maine, proposed college at, 173
French and Indian War, 273, 323, 327, 613
French Directory, 374, 386, 394
characterized, 414, 415, 419, 424
criticism of, 375, 377–78, 430
diplomatic relations with, lxix, 408–09, 410, 423, 429, 439
newspaper leaks by, lxxi
political instability of, 399, 400, 416, 427, 450
French Guiana, penal colony in, 400
British sympathizers, 218, 607
characterized, 291
clergy’s opposition to, 340
conspiracies against, 400
Declaration of the Rights of Man, 230
disenchantment with, xliii–xliv, lxx, 409, 413, 429
episodes
September Massacres, 230
Tenth of August, 229
leadership of, 587
parties and factions, 242, 245, 256, 258, 260, 321, 322, 587
public ignorance of, 329
spread of, lvi, 261, 292, 316–17, 335, 352, 409, 413
support for, lvi, 227–28, 229–30, 235, 247, 249, 274, 294–95, 314, 315, 323
wars of, 209, 255. See also War of the First Coalition
Friend of Peace (Boston), 533
Friendship, 143
economic role of, 470
between men, xlvii–xlviii
political role of, lxi, 438, 439
Friendship (ship), captured by Great Britain, 271
Frontier, The
dangers of, lxxv–lxxvi
newspaper circulation in, 403
settlers, characterized, 147
Frost, Amariah, landlord, 463, 465
Frost, William, correspondence with, 91
Frye, Simon, 337
Fryeburg Academy (Me.), 325, 326–27, 327, 334, 513–14
Fryeburg, Maine, residents of, 69, 337
Ft. Bourbon (Martinique), capture of, 286, 289, 303
Ft. Jefferson (Darke County, Oh.), 164, 166, 169
Ft. Knox (Vincennes, In.), 141
Ft. Miami (Toledo, Oh.), British occupation of, 312, 314–15
Ft. Pitt (Pittsburgh, Penn.), defense of, 169
Ft. Washington (Cincinnati, Oh.), 141, 165, 166
Ft. Wayne, Indiana, 166
Fugitive Slave Act (1793), 582, 583, 588, 589
Funding Act (1790), 115, 169, 207
Funding system, liberty threatened by, 311
See also Mourning
Furniture, influence on manners, 82
Gallatin, Albert
criticism of, lxxiii, xcv, 413, 439
Gallatin, Hannah Nicholson, on James Monroe, xcv
Game-playing
developmental importance of, 189
Gardiner, John, legal reform crusade of, 98, 99
Gardoqui, Don Diego de, social life, 10, 11
Gazette (Portland, Me.), items printed, lxxvii
Gazette of Maine (Portland), xlv, 331, 612
Gazette of the United States (NYC and Philadelphia), 258, 266, 272, 310, 357, 387, 587
on Benjamin Franklin Bache, lxxi
as Federalist organ, xciv, 403
items printed in, lxxvii, 267, 281, 282, 289, 322, 377–78, 436, 439, 445, 450
General Advertiser (Philadelphia), lvi, 275, 307
items printed in, 255, 282, 296, 324
General Welfare clause, li, 592
Genêt, Edmond-Charles, 242, 294
diplomatic career of, lxix
political agitation by, 240, 263–64, 266, 275, 287, 413
Geneva (Switzerland), 413, 439, 499, 509
Geography, cvi
instruction in, xxi, xcix, 178, 339, 486–87
George (ship), 81
correspondence with, 279, 284, 315
letters to, printed, 307–09
Georgetown (Washington), D.C., 388, 464, 467, 468, 470
Georgetown, Maine, lawyers in, 604, 610
disputed 2nd election, 205, 207, 208, 211
See also Southern states
Georgia congressional delegation, and election of Speaker (1799), 443
German Reformed Church, clergy in, 178
Gerry, Ann Thompson, 598
correspondence with, xciii
See also France, peace mission to (1797–99)
Gerrymandering, benefits of, xcvi
Gibbon, Edward, relations with Joseph Priestley, 217, 219
Gibraltar, Siege of (1779–83), 519
Gibraltar, Straights of, and Algerine activity, 270, 288
Gibraltar, U.S. diplomats at, 272
Gilbert, Mr. (Cape Cod), relations with, 488
Giles, William Branch, 413, 598–99
debates, 272, 354, 411, 584, 586
resolutions forwarded to, 309, 310, 312, 321
Gill, Moses, correspondence with, 230
Gillon, Alexander, motion on embargo, 317
Gilman, Mr. (Biddeford, Me.), schoolmaster, 227
Girard, Stephen, 275
education of, xxxviii, 359, 360, 369, 447, 457, 458, 459
GT’s attraction to, xxviii, xxxi, 113, 358, 366, 535
manners, 12, 23, 42, 82, 149, 335, 377, 459
reading habits of, 419, 432, 501
Girondists, 242, 258, 322, 587
Glasgow, Scotland, clergy in, 520
Glasgow, University of (Scotland), 99, 219, 509
Glaubeck, Peter William Joseph Ludwig, Baron de, accounts of, 250
Glen, Henry, fear of fire, lxxxvi
Gloucester, England, bishop of, 509
Gloucester, Maine, mail delivery to, 188
Gloucester, Massachusetts, clergy in, 500
benevolence of, 1, 2, 99, 545–46
characterized, 3, 133, 491, 493, 494, 572
experiences of (theopathy), 98, 308, 309
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, writings of, 56
Goode, Samuel, motions of, 592
Goodhue, Benjamin, 191, 452, 599
constituent relations, 309, 310, 312
Gookin, William S., painting by, xvi
Gordon, William, History, 179, 182
Gore, Christopher, civ, 120, 168, 347, 599, 605–06
comments on GT, lii, lxiv, cxvi
relations with, xxi, xxxiv–xxxv, li, 6, 250, 326
Gore, John, 347
Gore, Rebecca Payne, relations with, 250, 326, 599
Gorham Academy, attenders, 610
Gorham, Joseph, 116
Gorham, Maine, cv
2nd federal election in, lxiii, 141–42, 143
proposed college at, 153, 173, 175
residents, xxxiv, 143, 294, 594
Gorham, Mary (Thacher), 499
Gorham, Sarah (Sally), 113
Gorham, Sarah Taylor, 116
Gorham, Sarah Thacher (sister), xix, 2, 116
Gorham, Temperance Garrett, 499
Gospels, The
Gossip, political, 323
Government, 125, 145, 338, 553, 563–64
Government, federal, 129, 136, 328, 418, 511, 585
organizing of, 44, 135, 142, 586
Grace, special
doctrine of, rejected, 543
Gray, Cadwallader, petition of, 425
Great Barrington, Massachusetts, lawyer in, 609
Great Britain, xcvii, 132, 182, 351, 607
abolition movement, 492
admiralty courts, 281, 295, 301
American Revolution’s supporters in, 509
army, 31, 165, 242, 281, 289, 294, 312–13, 314
class divisions, 74
colonial administration, lxxvi, 17–18, 35, 165, 210
emperial expansion, 105
French invasion of, 409, 410, 416, 432
French Revolution’s supporters in, 218, 607
government
contrasts with, lvi–lvii, 18, 345
Lord Chancellor (Lord Mansfied), allusion to, 606
ministry, 285
Parliament, lxi, 219, 273, 296, 485, 500
history, 17th Century, 149, 160, 186, 557, 562
immigration from, 149, 182, 288, 446, 468, 480, 485, 607
legal processes, ci
manufactures, 36
operations of, 271, 273, 276, 279, 280, 286, 291
private debts due to creditors in, 242, 278, 281, 284, 288, 291, 292, 296, 399
relations with Algerines, 245
relations with France, 293–94, 316, 351–52, 409
relations with Spain, 140, 141, 303, 392
relations with U.S., lxviii, lxxix, 274, 278, 302, 375, 409, 424, 593, 603 (See also Jay Treaty; Treaty of Paris (1783); War Crisis [1794])
revolution in, predicted, 292
tax burden, 104
trade policy (See also Dundas, Henry, instructions of)
Orders in Council, cii, 295, 300, 301
trade with, 91, 189, 249, 253, 254, 262, 275–76, 279, 282, 283, 284, 302, 356, 409, 599 (See also Embargoes; Trade policy, U.S., Madison’s resolutions)
benefits of, 253–54
detention and interdiction of, xcv, 242, 248, 271, 273, 278, 279, 281, 291, 299, 304, 364
Unitarian movement in, 487, 500
See also Northwest Territory, British posts held in; War of the First Coalition
Great Lakes, Indians settled around, 210
Greece, ancient, c
Greek language, study of, xx, ci, 514
Greele, Lydia Maria Sewall, 519, 521
letters to, printed, 515–19
Green, Abigail, courtship of, 114
Greene, Benjamin, in 7th federal election, lxxxv
Greenleaf, James, family of, 536
Greenleaf, Joseph, and lighthouse keeper’s pay, 211–12, 213
Greenough, Charles P., collector of Thatcher letters, lxxxii
Greenville, Ohio, letters written from, 289
Griffin, Cyrus, as president of Confederation Congress, 22
Griswold-Lyon Affair, 378, 381–82, 405–06, 406–08, 408, 409
Griswold, Roger, 439, 599. See also Griswold-Lyon Affair
Grog, xlii
Gross, Daniel, 178
Grotius, Hugo, writings of, c
Groton, Maine, lawyer in, 610
Grout, Jonathan, xxxiv, 80, 150
Guadaloupe, West Indies, 456
Gulf of Maine, xxvi
Gulf Stream, 307
Gunboats, xcv
Gunpowder, 444
Gutridge, Mr. (Saco, Me.), money owed by, 298
Guyana (Damarara), 602
· H ·
Hague, The, 509
U.S. diplomats at, lxxix–lxxx, 238
Hair styles, 12
Haley, Silvester (1762–1826), indebtedness to, 453
Halifax, Nova Scotia, news reported from, 288
Hall, Mary Cotton, 600
Hall, Mr. (Cape Cod), relations with, 488
comments on GT, lxi
correspondence with, xlviii
letters to, printed, 2–4
Hallett, John Allen, xxiii
Hallett, Thanksful Thacher, xxiii
Hallowell Academy (Hallowell, Me.), 484, 485
1st federal election in, xlviii
GT’s relocation to, 484
post office, 170, 172, 173, 177, 188, 192
See also Augusta, Maine
Hamburg, Germany, news from, 438
Hamilton, Alexander, 255, 312, 600
communications with president, 324
on Democratic Societies, 275
at Federal Convention, lxxiii
GT consults with, 205, 211, 212
political leadership of, 86, 394
and Quasi-War, lxxix
reports on
assumption (supplemental), 204, 206–207
manufactures, 195, 197, 203, 204
petition of John Hobby, 255, 265, 267
receipts and expenditures, 203, 204
role
assumption, lviii
Genêt’s recall, 266
investigation of revenue fraud, 171, 206
lighthouses regulation, 213
Hammond (ship), captured by Great Britain, 271
Hammond, George, 340
diplomatic communications, 241, 242–43, 300, 313, 315
Hampton Falls, New Hampshire, clergy at, 614
Hancock County, Maine, federal elections in, 177, 230
letter to, printed, 191
as vice presidential candidate (1788), lxxx
Handwriting, xxxix, xl, cxxi, 233, 447, 470
educational role of, 458
Happiness, individual, 75
pursuit of, 25, 71, 112, 134, 308
sources of, 72, 256–57, 362, 401, 571
Happiness, public, 8
maximization of, 121, 137, 308
Harbors and ports, defense of, xcv, 265
Act to provide for (1794), 270, 271, 272, 276, 277
Hardison, Joseph, petition of, 120
Harmar, Josiah. See Harmar’s Defeat
Harmar’s Defeat (1790), 141, 146–47, 149, 165, 166
Harper, Robert Goodloe
motions, lxxi–lxxii, 392
speeches, 412, 413, 439, 584, 593
toast coined by, 436
votes, 411
Harrington, James, Oceana, c, 145, 146
Harrisburg Journal (Penn.), item printed in, 149
Hartford Convention, xcvii–xcviii, 606
Hartford Courant (Conn.), item printed in, cxiv
Hartford, Connecticut, 237, 239
letters written from, 32–33, 239
travel to and from, lxvi, 33, 39, 40, 237, 374, 436, 437, 438, 442, 461, 462
Hartley, David
and “doctrine of association,” xxxix, lxxxv, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221
on human nature, 307–08
Harvard Divinity School, attenders, 543
Harvard University
attenders, xxiv, xxxii, xxxiv, xliv, lxvii, civ, cx, cxi, 30, 182, 189, 198, 216, 224, 238, 326, 327, 358–59, 465, 472, 485, 487, 488, 508, 514, 519, 521, 526, 529, 543, 593, 594, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 603, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 611, 612, 613, 614
curriculum, xxi, xxiii, 182, 493
discipline at, xxii
faculty, 175, 178, 528, 542, 606
financial support for, 326
GT’s attendance at, xx–xxi, cv, 9, 176, 178, 181, 297, 358, 488, 512, 541
religious beliefs at, xxi–xxii, cx, 182, 542
in Revolutionary War, xxi–xxii, 176, 178
Harvard, Massachusetts, residents, 611
Harvard, Mr. (Cape Cod), relations with, 488, 489
Hasey, Benjamin, 600–01
correspondence with, 166, 243, 251
Haven, Sarah Greenleaf Appleton, 534, 535–36
Hawes, Edmund Jr., suicide of, xxv
Hawes, Edmund Sr., suicide of, xxv
Hay, Mr. and Mrs., indebtedness to, 402
Hazard, Ebenezer, documentary editions of, 163, 164–65
Health
Health, importance of, 187, 362
Health, public, 439
Heathenism, 126, 185, 351, 497, 503, 515, 564
Heaven and afterlife
belief in, xxiv, 4, 68, 144, 524
“New Jerusalem,” 114, 122, 308
unknowability of, 142
Hedge, Temperance Thacher (sister), xix
Hell, 181
literary allusions to, xcv
preaching about, 148
See also Punishment, eternal
Helvétius, Claude Adrien, 121, 122, 145, 146
Hemings, Sally, 550
Henry, Patrick, nominated peace commissioner to France, 456
Herald of Freedom (Boston), items printed in, lxii–lxiii, 47, 99
Herbert, Edward, 518
Heretics, punishment of, 505
Herodotus, writings, c
Herron, Capt., 266
Higginson, Nathaniel, as U.S. agent, 299, 300, 301
Hill, Jeremiah, xxii, 66, 339, 454, 601
in 2nd federal election, lxiii
comments on
antifederalists, lii
GUS, xciv
local social life, xxxi, 227, 232
merchants, political role of, lix–lx
presidential election (1792), 231
TBW, 236
correspondence with, xlii, cxiii, 9, 52, 331, 418, 549
financial transactions with, 226, 231, 240, 326, 359, 393, 402, 442, 453, 466
letters to, printed, 144–46, 240–42, 401–02, 429
political news for, 54, 238, 391
relations with, xxix, xliv–xlv, lxiii, 187, 298
religion of, xliv, lxvii, 215, 375
visits, xlii, 6, 9, 10, 51, 78, 79, 186, 227
witness to GT’s will, cxv
Hilliard, Timothy, xxiii, xxiv
Hinduism, 542
Hindus, civic equality of, 573
Hingham, Massachusetts, farmer at, 604
Hiram, Maine, farmer at, 613
Historians, 135, 179, 184, 314, 519, 598, 610
ages of, 97–98
challenge recording, xlix
lessons from, 68, 125, 142–43, 145, 210, 352, 552–53, 563, 565
study of, 38, 40, 486, 489, 497, 570
See also names of places
History, ancient, xlvii, 110, 219, 554
Hobbes, Thomas, Leviathan, c
Hobby, John, 601
correspondence with, 250, 255, 262, 315
letters to, printed, 248–49, 252–54, 262–65, 269–72, 273–75, 276, 277–80, 285–88, 295–96, 299–300, 305–06, 309–10, 315–17, 319–21
petition of, 252, 255, 265, 267, 288, 289, 321, 322
Hodgdon, Alexander, money drawn on, 88
Hodges, Benjamin, writings of, 509
Hodges, Charles, lodgings with, 525
Holderness, New Hampshire, landed proprietor of, 604
Holidays and celebrations
April Fools Day, liv
Christmas, xxx–xxxi, lxv, 68, 331, 470, 471
Easter, 83
fast days, 426–27
July 4th, liii
presidential inaugurations, 369, 479, 480, 481
Washington’s birthday, 256, 345, 347, 366, 367–68
Hollingsworth, W., writings, c
Hollis, New Hampshire, residents of, 216, 597
letters to, printed, 521–22
at state constitutional convention, cvii
Holmes, Mary Jackson, 528, 529
Holmes, Oliver Wendell Sr., 529
Holy Roman Empire, 229, 330. See also Austria
Holy Spirit (Ghost), doctrine of, 543
Homesickness, xxxvi, 37, 225–26, 348, 369, 403, 421, 433, 457, 464, 465, 524
burden of, lxxxix, 25, 26, 154, 197–98
cures for, 44
Hone, William, writings of, 532
Honor, national, 375
Honor, personal, 382
Hooker, Richard, writings of, c
Hooper, Benjamin, xxx, 96, 331
Hooper, Billy, 23
Hooper, Mary Gray, xxx
Hopkins, Samuel, 520
Horseback riding, 36
Horses
family (Dagon and Rhoda), 23, 68, 80
handling of, xxxii, 6, 89, 339, 464
theft of, xcii
Hospitals, naval, 439
House of Representatives, U.S., 160, 281, 283, 284, 296
debate, cxvi, 288, 378, 380, 383
closed doors, 188, 189, 204, 415
coverage of, lv–lvi, lvii, xciv, 134, 136, 259–60, 311, 353, 357, 413, 592
decorum, lxxiv
freedom of, 450
gallery for, 258
length of, 203
disputed elections to, 205, 207, 208, 211
“grand committees,” use of, 255, 267, 287, 289, 293
officers, 371 (See also Clerk of the House; Speaker of the House)
clerks, 405
doorkeeper, 238, 240, 372, 454
sergeant at arms, lvi, 238, 240, 326, 361, 372, 406, 465, 477
parties and factions, 305–06, 354, 405
powers
call for executive papers, 409
elections, presidential, 476
foreign affairs, 353, 354, 404
impeachment, 405
relations with Senate, lvi, 90
rules and procedures, 157
balloting for president, 477
censure, 408
committee referrals, 588
on debates, 384, 385, 389, 591
debates on, lvi–lvii, lxi, lxx–lxxi, 99
“Gag Rule,” 582
leaves of absence, 420
open doors to debates, 409
petitions, lx, lxx–lxxi, 107, 160, 398, 589–90
recording votes, 355–56
size, lxviii, 20, 203, 258 (See also Apportionment)
See also individual Congresses
Howland, Bethia Thacher, 499
Hubbard, Dudley, 441, 453, 601
letters to, printed, 178–81
Hubbard, Sophia Dame, 453
Hudson (North) River, New York, 129, 462
Hudson, Barzillai, visits with, 325, 327, 437, 438, 442, 461
Hudson, Hannah Bunce, 443
Hudson, Hannah Watson, marriage of, 327
Hudson, Margaret Seymour, 327
Hudson, Olive, travels with, 442, 443, 461, 462
Human nature, cxvii, 3, 13, 66, 144, 160, 192, 213, 215, 235, 306, 336, 341, 373, 513, 553
frivolity of, 518–19
hopefulness, 531
hypocritical, lviii–lix
perversity of, 7, 8, 99, 491, 545
self-interested, 140, 188, 516
study of, 50, 145, 308, 320, 561, 570
Humor, lxxxii, 76, 78, 113, 137, 232, 364, 499
as bond of friendship, xliv–xlv, xlvi, xlvii
uses of, xliii, lxxx, xci, xcv, 1, 213, 349, 379, 380, 383–84, 388, 572
Hunting, 113
Huntington, Benjamin, 149, 150
Husbands, 52, 80, 83, 346–47, 565, 601. See also Marriage
Hutchins, Thomas, meeting with, 28, 31
Hutchinson, Thomas, allusions to, 99
Hyde, Edward, Earl of Clarendon, xlvii
Hylton v. U.S., 312
· I ·
Illinois, land sales in, 31
Illnesses
ague, 464
anthrax, 469
bilious fever, 468
depression (melancholy), 80, 231
digestion, cxiii–cxiv
eye disease, lxii
headache, 290
hypochondria, cxiii
influenza, 154
insanity, 510
“the itch,” 154
jaundice, 251
measles, xlv
meningitis (“spotted fever”), cxii
mental, 532
morning sickness, 154
mumps, 244
palsey, 252
paralysis, 230–31
poisoning, 47
puerperal fever, 40
rashes, 244
rheumatism (arthritis), xlvi, cxiii, cxiv, 154, 535
sore mouth, 346
sore throat, 477
sores, 360, 466, 469, 471, 472
strokes, paralytic, cxv
tropical, 400
See also Philadelphia, yellow fever at; Smallpox; Thatcher (Thacher), George, health
Imlay, Fanny, 446
Immigrants (aliens)
dangers from, 413
political role of, 578
slaves of, 582
Immigration
trends, 123
biblical teachings on, 184–85
Impeachment, resort to, 19
Impost Act (1789), 90, 91, 116, 136
GT’s role in, 182
GT’s speeches on, 136
See also Impost Act (1789); names of goods and products; Trade policy, U.S., Madison’s resolutions on
Impressment of U.S. seamen, 141, 349, 608
Independence Hall (State House), Philadelphia, 258, 368, 426
demonstration at, 275–76
illustration of, 257
Independent Chronicle (Boston), 613
GT’s reading of, xciv–xcv, 253
items printed in, 22, 209, 378
Independent Gazetteer (Philadelphia), items printed in, 272, 289, 338
Independent Journal (NYC), item printed in, 22
India, c, 103, 145, 163, 501, 502
See also Asia; East India Company; East Indies
India (French), emancipation in, 593
Indian (Cutts’s, Factory) Island, Saco, Maine, xvi
Indians
allegorical depictions of, 379
British stewardship of, 314
characterized, lxxvii, 147, 210, 387
diplomatic relations with, 257, 353
ethnology of, 183
hostilities with, lxxvi, 158, 160, 167–69, 203–204, 208, 210–11
petitions on behalf of, 169
recruited for federal army, 205
See also names of Indian nations
Indians (Asian), civic equality of, 573
Indians, northern, relations with, 267, 287, 289, 324
Infants, care of, 10
Inkle & Yarico (play), 27
Insects (ticks), xliii
Insurance companies, maritime, 355, 599
Insurrections, domestic, xciii, 196, 206, 569. See also Shays’s Rebellion; Whiskey Rebellion
Interest, self-, 174
motivation of, 122, 140, 154, 188
types of, 307–08
Interest, special, influence of, 97
Intolerance, religious, lix
Invalid Pensions Acts (1792, 1793, 1794), 255, 280, 322
Invalids, army, 604
Ipswich, Massachusetts, residents of, 30, 601
Ireland, 132
Ireland, Church of, 358
Iron manufacturing, 161
Iroquois. See Six Nations
Islam (Muslims, Mohammed, Mahomet), c, 123, 508, 564
Isle of Wight County, Virginia, planter of, 606
Isley, Daniel, 279
Islington, Capt., captured by British, 271
Israel, ancient, c, 102, 103, 323, 342, 351, 490, 497, 504
Italy, ancient tribes of, 103
· J ·
Jackson, James, election disputed by, 207, 211
Jacobinism, 266, 409, 416, 526
GT accused of, xlvii, lvi, 409
opposition accused of, lxxvii, lxxxiv, 426, 429, 439
Jamaica, New York, travel to and from, 63
James, Sir William-James, 56
congressional action on, lx, lxxxvii, 340, 349, 350, 352, 353, 354, 355
consequences of, lxviii, 240, 357, 374, 375, 399
public opinion on, lx, 338–39, 355, 357
mission to Great Britain, 306, 307, 309, 313, 323, 324, 329–30, 349 (See also Jay Treaty)
in presidential election (1800), 476
Jay, Sarah Livingston, lxxxviii, 602
Jefferson, Thomas, 602
characterized, cii
conversations recorded by, lxxviii
diplomatic career, 31
letters to, printed, 540–41, 542–43
Notes on the State of Virginia, 183, 186, 590, 592
opinion on
5th Congress, 372
neutrality law, 266
on Whiskey Rebellion, 275
criticism of, 550
election to (1800–01), lxxxiii–lxxxiv, 468, 476, 478
legacy of, 578
officeholding under, 348, 596, 597, 603, 606
policies, cii
state of the union addresses, 465
private life, 550
relations with Genêt, 266, 267
religious beliefs, 540–41
retirement of, 541
as secretary of state, 167, 240, 250, 267, 290, 294
social life, 543
Jeffersonian-Republicans. See Democratic-Republicans
Jenkins, Mrs. (Me.), money owed to, 224
Jenks’ Portland Gazette (Me.), lxxxiv
Jenyns, Soame, writings of, 503, 509
Jersey (prison ship), 63
Jersey, Isle of, captured by France, 308
Jerusalem, “New,” references to, 114, 122, 308
Jervis, John, 1st Earl of St. Vincent, 273, 304
Jesus
contrasted with later Christians, 498–99, 515
divinity of, lxv, 3–4, 133, 217, 341, 342, 493, 501, 502–503, 507, 516, 519, 543
human nature of, 134, 494, 564
persecution of, 145
teachings of, 184–85, 186, 489–90, 492, 494, 500, 504, 518, 531, 540, 553
Jewett, Caleb, campaigning by, 141–42, 143
and sectarian strife, 105, 564
See also Israel, ancient
Johnson, Samuel, “The Idler,” 362
Johnston, John, portrait by, 168
Johonnot, Francis, correspondence with, 240
letters to, printed, 141–43
Jones (author), 183
Jones, Absalom, petition from, 588
Jones, Capt., letters conveyed by, 33
Jones, David, writings of, c
Jones, James, speeches of, 589, 591
Jones, Jenkin Lloyd, Unitarianism of, 516, 519
Jones, John Paul, 456
Jordan, Mr. (schoolmaster, Biddeford, Me.), 374, 470
Jordan, Risworth Jr., xxx
Jordan, Samuel, correspondence with, 156
Jordan, Sarah Forsyth, xxx
Josephus, writings of, c
Jotham (farmhand), xl, xli, 401, 425, 442, 456, 467, 471, 484
Judicial Act (1801), appointments under, lxi
Judiciary Act (1789), liv, 92–93, 312
Judiciary, federal, 170, 190–91, 191, 206. See also Courts, federal; Supreme Court of the U.S.
Juno (ship), capture of, xxiii
Juries, xxxi, lxxi, xcii–xciii, cvii, 502
Jurieu, Pierre, writings of, c
· K ·
Kames, Henry Home, Lord, educational theories of, xxxviii, 73, 74, 75–77
Kaplan, Lawrence S., xcvi
Kean, Edmund, xcviii
Keating, Richard, marriage of, 602
Keating, Sarah Barrell, 450, 602
greetings to, 337, 353, 390, 400, 410
Kellogg, Elijah, campaigning by, 144–45, 146
Kennebec County, Maine
courts at, xcii
fortifying of, 270
proposed college in, 177
shipping, 271
Kennebec River, Maine, 153, 177, 190
Kennebunk, Maine
courts at, 23–24
residents, 161, 216, 230, 391, 597, 602
Kennebunkport, Maine, revenue collection at, lxxxix
Kennedy, David J., 346
Kent County, Delaware, 582
letter addressed to, 117
Kentucky, 141, 165, 263, 446, 604
Kentucky congressional delegation, member of, 604
Kilham, Daniel, correspondence with, lxii, 189
King, Charles, 81
King, Cyrus, xxx, 602–03, 603, 607, 610
Federalist leadership of, xciii
letters to, printed, 510–11
King, David, xxx
King, Elizabeth (Betsy). See Porter, Elizabeth (Betsy) King
King, Hannah Storer, 603
King, John Alsop, 27
King, Richard, 81
King, Rufus, xxx, 46, 79, 602, 603, 607
correspondence with, 189
election of, 72–73
on GT’s health, cxv
relations with
Gore, Christopher, xxxiv–xxxv, 599
GT, 5, 12, 26, 33, 50, 57, 63, 89, 91, 250
Washington, George, 266
role in
Confederation Congress, 27
speeches, 522
King, William (Ireland), 358
King, William, at Maine constitutional convention, cvi
Kings and princes, treatment of, 89
Kingston, Jamaica, merchants at, 608
Kingston, Massachusetts, residents of, 443, 612
Kingston, New Hampshire, clergy at, lxviii
Kittery, Maine, 66, 69, 93, 439
Knowledge, acquisition of, 475, 490–91, 494
Knox, Henry, 603
on Indian relations, lxxvi
liberty threatened by, 311
relations with TBW, 526
reports on
St. Clair’s Defeat, 189
reports to, on Indian hostilities, 147, 165, 289
role in Genêt’s recall, 266
social life, xviii
Knox, Lucy Flucker, lxxxviii, 603
Kolkata (Calcutta), India, missionaries at, 508
Kosciuszko, Thaddeus, 337
L’Enfant, Peter Charles, 42, 52, 79
La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, François, duc de, Travels, xvii, xviii, lxxiv
La Vengeance (ship), 456
Lancastrian system of education, cix
Land bounties, warrants for, lxii
Lane, Daniel, correspondence with, lxii
Lane, Isaac, petition of, 425
Langdon, John, family of, 594, 610
Langdon, Paul, 326
Languages and linguistics, 557, 565, See also names of languages
Latimer, George, 436
Latin America, cvi
Latin language, study of, xx, 514
alterations, frequency of, 99
mercantile, xxxii
rule of, 291
study of, xxv, xxvii, xxxii, lxiv, xci, cv–cvi, cxv, 59, 152, 174, 180, 297, 327, 394, 595, 597, 600, 605, 606
Law of Nations, 365
compliance with, 295, 299, 300
301
Law, divine, 390, 490, 493, 494
Law, Edmund, writings of, 222, 358
definition of, 103–104
public input on, 553
religious bias of, 130
theories of, xxxvii–xxxviii
Laws, federal, 569
state nullification of, 575–77
Laws, state, as basis for federal law, 569
Lawyers and legal profession
characterized, xxxiv
interests, vs. merchants’ interests, lxiii, 231
practices of, 100, 502, 505, 527, 600, 603, 614
public opinion on, lxiii, 120, 189, 228–29, 233, 235, 236
as role models, 152
scarcity of, xxvi
See also Law, study of
Le Brun, Élisabeth Vigée, portrait by, 259
LeBlanc, George Pierre, diplomatic career of, 258
Lee, “Lighthorse Harry,” as Washington’s eulogist, 445
Lee, Charles, as attorney general, 410
Lee, John, appointment for, lxi
Lee, Richard Henry, role in ratification, 22
Lee, Silas, lxi, 6, 54, 474, 603
arrival in D.C., 462
comments on
3rd federal election, 230–31, 236
Collection Act (1789), 94
titles, lv
correspondence with, xlii–xliii, lxxxvi, 42, 78
courtship and marriage of, xxxii, xxxvii, 603
election of, lxxvii
law practice of, xxxii, 41–42, 59, 60
office seeking by, 206
portrait of, 448
relations with
JH, 52
TBW, 236
Thatcher family, 6, 12, 23, 26, 79–80
resignation from Congress, xc, 606
signatory to circular letter, 452
social life, xlii, 9, 10, 78, 472, 483
Lee, Temperance (“Tempe,” “Tempy”) Hedge, 12, 56, 82, 465, 472, 603
courtship and marriage of, xxxii, xxxvii, 603
greetings to and from, 66, 69, 473
health, 26, 88, 455, 466, 469, 474, 477
portrait of, 448
relations with, xxix–xxx, 41, 42, 68, 78
role in Thatcher home, xxxvii, xl
at seat of government, 447, 449, 462
social life, xxviii, 23, 448, 449, 455, 464, 484
Legislators, federal, return to citizenry, 19
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, xix, 178, 181
Leiden, The Netherlands, schooling at, 542
Leigh, (Thomas?), letters conveyed by, 66
Leland, John, xlvii
Letter-writing
aversion to, 441
duty of, 431
educational role of, 459
frequency, 12, 24, 26, 156, 331, 334, 348, 397, 406, 415, 416
practices, 87, 126–27, 398–99, 523
spelling, xxxix
strain of, cxiii, 246, 247, 284, 359, 478
style, lxxxvii–lxxxvii, 15, 60, 96
time of writing, 4, 9, 11, 25–26, 32, 34, 38, 40, 42, 44, 79, 166, 234, 238, 332, 444, 445, 467, 521, 536
See also Constituents, circular letters; Correspondence; Handwriting
Lexington and Concord, Battles of (1775), xxii, 160, 289, 512
Lexington, Kentucky, 266
Libel, prosecutions for, lxxi, lxxvii, ci, 266
Liberties, constitutional protection of, 15, 19, 20, 423
Liberty, 19
allegory and symbols of, 352, 379, 426
European, xcvi, 228, 274, 305, 337, 592
protection of, 8, 20, 22, 155, 161, 280, 283, 313, 327, 356, 573
threats to, 156, 311, 352, 356, 521
Liberty (ship), 440
Liberty poles, allusions to, 404
Libraries, private, 163, 179, 485, 486, 487. See also Thatcher (Thacher), George, library, personal
Life, unpredictability of, 290
Lifespan, predictions about, 81, 297, 298, 428, 485
Lighthouses Act (1789), 213
Lincoln County, Maine, 400
federal elections in, 177, 228, 230, 231
land surveys in, xcii–xciii
public opinion in, on separation from Massachusetts, 195
Lincoln, Benjamin, liv, 211–12, 213, 604
Lincoln, Levi, as attorney general, 206
Lincoln, Massachusetts, schoolteacher in, 608
Lindsey, Theophilus, 216, 343, 493, 516
Linn, Betsey, education of, 227
Linn, John, as landlord, 156
Lisbon, Portugal, news reported from, 288
Liston, Henrietta, reports from 4th Congress, 361, 368
Literary Miscellany (Philadelphia), 369
Literature, xviii, xix, ci, 514
Lithgow, William Jr., 604
candidacy of, lxii–lxiii, 139, 228, 229, 230–31
correspondence with, xlviii
letters to, printed, 190
Lithuania, immigration from, 337
Livermore, Samuel, 107, 162, 164, 223, 604
Liverpool, England, news reported from, 351
Livingston, Edward, proposed banishment of, 413
Livingston, Walter, residence of, 54, 58
Livy (Titus Livius), History, 201, 202
Lloyd, James, vi
Lloyd, Thomas, debate coverage by, lvii, 136
Loana (Italy), Battle of (1795), 353
Lobbying, 30, 35, 118, 581, 583, 593, 605
Locke, John, xix, xxii, 517, 520
Lodge, Thomas, c
Log cabins, 464
Logan, George, private diplomacy of, 439
bankers and merchants, 288, 485
Middle Temple, lxxix–lxxx, 606
money borrowed at, 189
newspapers, 409
packet boats to and from, 218, 221, 279, 284, 316
U.S. diplomats in, 63, 238, 243, 274, 306, 313, 599, 602
U.S. merchants in, political role of, 281, 284, 286
Loneliness, treatment of, 79–80
Long Island Sound, 60
travel through, 27
Long Island, New York, 62, 63, 344
Long, Pierse, 604
letter to, printed, 27–30
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 213, 457
Longfellow, Stephen, marriage of, 457
Longitude (magnetic variation), determination of, 589–90, 592
Loring, Elizabeth (Betsey), 238, 239
Loring, Israel, 239
Loring, Mary, 238
Loring, Mary Newell, boardinghouse of, 237, 238, 239
Loring, Sarah Smith, as tavernkeeper, 239
Louis XVI, portrait of, 256, 259
Louisiana Purchase, lxxvi
Louisiana, Spanish, attack on, 392
Love, qualities of, 133
Lovelase (author), 183
Low, Mr. (York, Me.), letters conveyed by, 69
beliefs of, 94, 410, 425, 426, 427–28
identification as, civ, 35, 198, 216, 603, 608
See also Mills
Lumbermen, characterized, lxxv
Lunenberg, Massachusetts, lawyer in, 597
Lyell, Thomas, as House chaplain, 477
Lyman, Samuel, as signatory to circular letter, 452
Lyme, Connecticut, 517, 520, 599
Lynch, Mr. (New York City), 58
Lyon, Matthew, lxxiii, 326, 406, 604
“affair of honor” with, 379, 380, 388
See also Griswold-Lyon Affair
· M ·
Macau (Macao), China, U.S. diplomats at, 86
Machias, Maine, 270
letters addressed to, 196
Maciejowice, Battle of (1794), 337
Maclay, William, lviii, 54, 55
Macomb, Alexander, properties of, 58, 60
Macon, Nathaniel, 443
role in Thatcher-Blount “affair of honor,” 385–87, 389
“Madam Rogers,” reference to, 452
Madison Administration, xcv, xcvi, 578, 596
Madison, James, liv, 240, 575, 604–05
characterized, 575
description of, xcv
family, 596
leaks by, lxxiii
party leadership of, 320, 574–79 passim
proposed banishment of, 413
role in
Defense of Frontiers Act (1792), 204
discrimination among public creditors, 578
discriminatory duties, 320
John Churchman petition, 592
Mass. anti-embargo petitions, 309, 310, 312, 321
trade policy, 271, 295 (See also Trade policy, U.S., Madison’s resolutions)
speeches on
slavery, lix
trade policy, 250
on Thatcher-Blount “affair of honor,” 381
Madrid, Spain, diplomats in, 243
Magazines and journals, 419. See also names of publications
Mail delivery
parcel sizes, 73
postage and fees, 111, 424, 437, 446, 454
postmarked, 8, 38, 167, 209, 225, 233, 234, 245, 247, 249, 272, 275, 329, 337, 353, 355, 363, 366, 373, 374, 377, 392, 395, 402, 405, 410, 414, 416, 419, 428, 429, 430, 434, 438, 441, 442, 443, 445, 449, 450, 455, 457, 458, 460, 469, 473, 477, 524, 525, 528, 533, 535, 537, 540
schedule, 163
See also Franking; names of places
Maine
agriculture, lxii, 92, 106, 338
Catholics in, cvii
college petitioned for, 153
colonial administration of, 294
congressional districts, redrawn, 153–54, 170, 171
constituents, characterized, lix
courts, xxxiv, lxi, xc, 114, 153, 437, 561, 598, 603, 609, 613, 614
development of, 176–77
elections, federal
2nd, lx, lxii, lxii–lxv, 127–35, 189
partisanship in, 612
predictions about, 91, 118, 134–35, 137, 138, 143, 146
votes, lxii
indifference to outcome, 226
newspaper campaigning, 236
4th, lxxxix
6th, lxxvii
7th, lxxxiv
federal attorney for, 205, 597, 601, 603, 604, 609
federal laws published in, 188
Federalists in, lix, lxxvii, cix, cx, 90, 94
geography, lxxv, 94, 163, 165, 377
healthiness, 483
invalid pensioners in, 321
isolation of, 338
legal profession in, xxvi, 100
militia, 609
mourning ceremonies, 445
name of, proposed, cvi
parties and factions, 143, 146
political influence of, 208
postal service, 24, 158, 161, 162, 172–73, 173, 177, 187–88, 190, 192
predictions about, 513
proprietors, landed, xcii–xciii
public opinion on
3rd Congress, 323
Anglo-Spanish war, 140
apportionment, 156
assumption, 111
federal government, 323
GT’s tour of district, 153
Indian wars, 210
Jay Treaty, 356
lawyers, lxiii
Missouri Compromise, 523
religion, lxiii–lxiv
separation from Massachusetts, 193–94, 209
slavery, 522
ratification in, l–lii
Revolutionary War in, 612
schools, 230
seamen, merchant, 264
separation from Massachusetts, xxxii, xxxiii, xlv, l, li, cv, cviii, 209
GT’s opinion on, cv, 192–95, 197, 202
trade, lxiii, xcvii, 163, 231, 233, 338
travel, 195–96
weather, 24, 36, 108–09, 234, 244, 290, 338, 347, 396, 412, 442, 456, 464, 467, 471, 475, 478
See also names of towns; New England states; Northern states
Maine Bank (Portland), officers of, 598
Maine congressional delegation, on Missouri Compromise, 522
Maine constitutional convention (1819–20)
delegates, 533, 596, 601, 606, 614
GT’s speeches at, cvi–cvii, 35, 533–34
Maine Historical Society, resources at, 457
Maine statehood
alternatives to, 522
movement for, 513, 548, 556–62 passim, 597
Maine Supreme Judicial Court, chief justice of, 605
Malcom, Samuel Bayard, 393, 394
Mandeville, Bernard, “Fable of the Bees,” 488, 499
Manhood (masculinity, manliness), 42
behavior, lxxxv, 24, 77, 251, 361, 363–64, 382
“gallants,” 452
qualities of, 206, 330, 399, 518
Manichean System, 97
Mankind
“Human race,” 572
supremacy over nature, 493
Mann, James, relations with GT, xxi
Manners, 167
Mantua cloth, production of, 458
Manufacturing
encouragement of, 131, 197, 563, 600
investment in, 599
political role of, 108
threats to, 569
See also names of places and products
Maps and mapmakers, lxxxvii, 487, 592
Marblehead, Massachusetts, 598, 599
Marbury v. Madison, 312
Marie Antoinette (France), 295
Marine Corps, establishment of, lxx
characterized, xxviii, xxviii–xxix, 42, 114–15, 238, 297, 375
wives’ prerogatives in, 388, 447–48
See also Courting and courtship; Husbands; Wives
Marshall, John, 435, 468, 605. See also France, peace mission to (1797–99)
Marshals, federal, 116, 206, 248, 323, 606
Marshfield, Massachusetts, residents of, civ
Marsten, Mr. (Philadelphia), as tavernkeeper, 238
Martinique, West Indies, U.S. diplomats at, 281
conditions, 463–64
ratification convention, 29, 31
seat of government, permanent, in, lviii
See also names of towns; Southern states
Maryland congressional delegation, role in
assumption of state debts, lviii
balloting for president (1801), 478
Masons, ceremonies of, 454
accounts with Union, 64–65
American Revolution in, 65, 510–11
Antifederalists in, li
board of war, 608
capitol (statehouse), 91, 525–26
coastal towns, 58
cobblers, 180
colonial history, xix, xxiii, 180, 182–83, 330
constitution, 22, 120, 526, 555, 593, 607
usurpation of, 556
constitutional convention (1820–21), 524, 525–26, 606
Continental Army line, xxx, 289, 465
county conventions, xxxiii, xxxiv
courts, xxxii, xc, 120, 161, 548, 556, 560, 595, 609, 610 (See also Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court)
Democratic-Republicans in, xciii
eastern interest, 120
elections, federal
2nd, lxiii, 116, 119, 134–35, 159, 161
7th, lxxxiv
elections, presidential
(1796), lxix
(1800), 451–52
elections, state, 106, 107, 597
federal attorneys for, 172, 599, 605–06
federal marshals for, 206
Federalist essays circulated in, 22
Federalists in, lxix, lxxiii, lxxx, xciii, 597
fisheries, 115
government officers, xlii, lxix, 96
attorney general, xxvi, xxxi, 610
executive council, xxxii, 465, 605, 609, 613–14, 614
governor, xciii, 191, 209, 598, 600, 610
quality of, lxxxiii
secretary of state, lvi
state treasurer, 88
holidays, civic, 208, 209, 330
infrastructure, 161
“blue,” 436
election, xlii, lxviii, 159, 161
judicial processes, 98, 99, 119, 120
legislature (General Court), xxxiii, xlii, cv, 126
Congress petitioned by, 206–207
instructions to, 558
letters circulated within, 451–52
Maine District delegation in, 523
and Maine separation, 193–94, 197, 202, 209
members of, xix, xxx, xxxiv, cxi, 91, 96, 99, 116, 176, 178, 189, 198, 465, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 605, 606, 607, 608, 609, 610, 612, 613, 614
petitions to, 151, 153, 195, 197, 556, 558, 560, 562
prerogatives of, 559
presidential electors elected by, lxix, 451–52
on the Society of the Cincinnati, 562
U.S. Senators elected by, 120, 234
loan office, 321
merchants, 394
militia, xxxiv, xcii, 209, 210, 289, 465, 596, 610, 612
deployment, xcii–xciii
officers’ appointments, 155, 156
parties and factions, 106, 107
petitions from, 357
political elite, xxxiii, xxxiv, 91
political influence of, 14, 209
political instability of, 99
post roads, 173
Provincial Congress, xxxiv
public office in, eligibility for, cvii
public opinion on
anti-British legislation, 321
direct taxes, 321
French Revolution, 235
government expenses, 129
John Stone petition, 160
lawyers, 120
Unitarianism, 341
ratification convention
amendments proposed by, 14, 161
criticism of, 10
delegates to, xxxiv, 198, 594, 595, 598, 599, 600, 604, 605, 609, 610, 612, 613, 614
GT’s influence in, li–lii, 21, 22
leadership of, 603
reports about, 22
Society of the Cincinnati in, 557
specie, value, 55
state debt, lviii, 202, 206–207
See also names of towns; New England states; Northern states
Massachusetts Bay, British military operations in, 279
Massachusetts Centinel (Boston), items printed in, 22, 47, 550
Massachusetts congressional delegation
attendance, 478
Federalist strength in, liv, 329
instructions to, 253
letter to state legislature, 451–52
opinion on
government expenditures, 134, 135
neutrality, 260–61
relations with George Washington, 368, 369
role in
assumption of state debts, 106, 107, 108
Embargo of 1807, cii
impost duties, lix
recommendations for office, lxi
Salaries-Legislative Act (1789), 94
Tristram Dalton’s defeat, 119, 120
size of, lxviii
Massachusetts constitutional convention (1820–21), 525–26
GT’s attendance at, 524, 525, 527
Massachusetts Evangelical Society, cx
Massachusetts Gazette (Boston), 550
Massachusetts Historical Society, collections at, lxxxi–lxxxii
Massachusetts Society for Suppressing Intemperance convention, 512, 513
Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
circuit, 437, 486, 487, 512, 537, 551
deliberations, 538
GT’s eligibility for, 523–24
GT’s manners on, 502
GT’s retirement from, cviii–cix
justices, 484, 485, 521, 526, 536, 606, 609
proceedings of, lxxvi, 512–13, 521, 523, 524, 526, 531, 540
Reporter of Decisions of, 612
service on, lxxxiv, xc, cx, cxiii
Mather, Cotton, xviii
Mauritius (Isle de France), 348, 508
Maxwell, Mr. (Boston?), visits with, 525
May, Samuel Joseph, ordination of, 542
McDowell, Joseph, in House debate, lxxii
McFarland, James, in Whiskey Rebellion, 323–24
McIntire, Lucy, 23
McIntire, Margaret Hooper, 375
McKessuk, Mr. (Matthew or Zebediah), employment of, 365, 371, 372, 377, 378, 391
McLellan, Joseph, role in 2nd federal election, 146
Meals
arrangement of, 36
banquets, 345
breakfast, 34, 65, 153, 285, 462
dinners, lxv, xci, 5, 9–10, 12, 26, 35, 36, 38, 41, 50, 59, 62, 63, 74, 148, 167, 225, 227, 232, 331, 366, 400–01, 435, 436, 461–62, 467, 470, 477, 538, 581
suppers, 368
Medical conditions
birthing, 415
broken bones, 427
color-blindness, 10
deformities, physical, 598
lunacy, 46
obesity, 32–33
seasickness, 57
vertigo, 324
vision, 528
See also Illnesses; Thatcher (Thacher), George, health
Medical treatments, cxii
access to, cviii
expenses, 453
lesions removed, 469
mercury, 231
nostrums, cxiv
ointments, 154
“physic,” 251
restraints, 347
sulphur, 360
thermometers, lxii
vaccinations, 6
See also Smallpox
Medicine (physic)
books about, lxii
professorships in, 174, 175, 178
Mediterranean Sea, naval operations in, 244
Meetinghouses, construction of, lxvii
Meigs, Return Jonathan Jr., as territorial judge, lxxxix
Mellen, Prentiss, 339, 436, 437, 468, 473, 605
correspondence with, 348, 374, 393, 418, 428, 471, 483
courtship and marriage of, 237, 239, 325, 327
financial transactions with, 402, 442, 471
on local social life, 231
Mellen, Sarah Hudson, 239, 325, 327, 605
Memory, impact of, 111–12
Mendon, Massachusetts, residents of, 463
Merchants, 81, 164, 196, 235, 248, 319
interests, vs. lawyers’ interest, 231
opinion on
embargo, 409
trade with Great Britain, 249, 280
political role of, lix–lx, lxi, lxiii, lxviii, 94, 132, 212, 213, 274, 281, 282, 284, 285, 286, 296, 315–16, 355
See also names of places
Mercury (Boston), items printed in, 262, 288–89
Merrell, Samuel, petition of, 425
Metaphysics, John Adams discusses, xix
Methodists, cxi, 149, 477, 549
Miami Indians (Confederacy), hostilities with, 141, 165–66, 166
Michaux, André, clandestine activities of, 266–67
Middle East, books on, c
Middle states congressional delegation, influence of, 443
Middlesex County, Massachusetts, courts in, 608
Mifflin, Warner, 118, 581, 605
letters to, printed, 117
petition of, 581
Milan Decree (1807), cii
Milford, Massachusetts, shopkeeper in, 465
Military Establishment Act (1791), 149, 165
Militia Act (1792), 155, 156, 170, 205, 206
Militia Bill (1791), 145, 155, 170
Militia duty, exemptions from, cvii, 35, 206, 533, 534
Militias, state
federalized, 140, 166, 206, 383, 389
uniforms, 433
See also names of states
Milk, consumption of, 107
Milledge, John, in 2nd federal election, 211
Miller, Morris, speeches of, 510, 511
Milliken, Capt., captured by Great Britain, 271
Milton, John, Paradise Lost, ci, 518, 520
Milton, Massachusetts, 416, 417, 607
Minot, William Jr., xcii
Mint, U.S., 160, 234, 449, 596, 600
Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel, comte de, speeches of, 367
Miracles, faith in, 134, 184, 490, 494
Mirrors, purchase of, 419
Misers, 25
Missionaries, Christian, 502, 508
Mississippi River
military operations on, 272
Mississippi Territory, 583, 587
government of, lxii, 30, 584–86
Mississippi Territory Act (1798), House debate on, 584–86
Mississippi, State of, formation of, 587
Missouri Compromise, opposition to, 521–22, 523
Mobile, Alabama, residents of, 611
legal definition of, 557–58, 559, 560
in Whiskey Rebellion, 323–24
Mohawk Indians, delegation from, 210
Molasses, duty on, lix
petitions relating to, lxi, 158
Monarchy, 529
Money, xli, 45, 55, 437, 453, 462. See also Coinage; Thatcher (Thacher), Sarah Savage, household finances
Monroe, Elizabeth K., on Albert Gallatin, xcv
Monroe, James, xcv, 374, 375, 413
Monroe, Maine, lawyer in, 610
Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, residents of, 240
Monticello, Albemarle County, Virginia, 602
letters addressed to, 540–43
Montpelier, Orange County, Virginia, 605
Montreal, Canada, U.S. agents in, 282
Monuments and public art, petitions for public support of, 159, 161
Moody, Joseph, 391
Moore, Benjamin, 50
Moral philosophy, professorship in, 178
Morality, private, xix, liii, 66, 82, 133, 196, 488, 499, 515, 519, 554
study of, 109–10, 111, 503–505, 513
Morality, public, xix, lix, 94, 97, 143, 499
GT’s speech on, lxxiv
Morison, Samuel Eliot, quoted, 178, 583
Morland, Sir Samuel, writings of, c
Morrill, Joseph, xxx
Morrill, Mary Jordan, xxx
Morris, Gouverneur, as minister to France, 277
Morse, Jedidiah, writings of, 339, 340
Morton, Perez, conversations with, lxxviii
Moses, teachings of, 494
Mosheim, Johann Lorenz von, writings of, 509
Mount Vernon, Fairfax County, Virginia, 435, 445, 470
Mourning, manners of, 445–46, 454
Moustier, Eleanor-François-Elie, comte de, 60
Muhlenberg, Frederick Augustus, as Speaker, 237, 238, 240
Murder, crime of, 383, 384, 387, 388
Murray, Judith Sargent, 500
Murray, William Vans, as peace commissioner to France, lxxix–lxxx, 456
Music and musical instruments
educational role of, 458
love of, 35
on public occasions, 85, 86, 368
trumpets, 367
Mysticism, 242
· N ·
Nabobs, characterization as, 467
Nancy (ship), captured by Great Britain, 271
Nantucket, Massachusetts, fishermen of, lxxv
Naples and Sicily, Kingdom of, in War of First Coalition, 229, 353
Napoleon (Bonaparte), ci, 509, 593
characterized, 450–51
impact on French Revolution, xcvi
military campaigns of, 394, 410, 439, 440
Nason, Elizabeth (Dillingham), correspondence with, 299
correspondence with, cxvi, 91, 337
on ratification, lii
on religious qualifications for office, lxiv
National character, lxxiv, 19, 97, 424
National dignity, 8
National Gazette (Philadelphia), item printed in, 197
National Intelligencer (Washington, D.C.), items printed in, xcviii, 481, 511
Nationalism, 424
Naturalization Act (1798), lxx
Naturalization Bill (1794), motions on, 582
Naturalization, certification of, lxxiii
Nature
in GT’s writings, lxxxvi–lxxxvii
lessons from (“book of”), 496, 508, 546
Naval Armament Act (1794), 246, 247, 254, 255, 267, 270, 272, 276, 277, 291
Naval stores, export of, 281
Navigation, study of, 489
expansion of, lxix, lxx, lxxix
House resolutions on, 246, 247, 254, 255
See also names of ships
Neal, Daniel, writings of, c
Neal, Stephen, 533
Nelson, Horatio, 440
Netherlands, The (Batavian Republic; Holland), lxxv, 401, 402, 424, 499
diplomatic relations of, 270, 337, 352, 593
Neutrality
need for, 261, 274, 282, 283, 433
rights of
British respect for, 278, 295, 300, 301, 316
clarification of, lxviii
compliance with, 279, 285, 299
violation of, 261, 281, 293, 313, 409, 410
Neutrality Proclamation (1793), 189, 242, 266
Neutrality Proclamation (1794), 267
Neville, Edward, marriage of, 239
Neville, James, 323
New England congressional delegations, 239
caucusing among, 240, 411, 478
partisan orientation of, 356
role in
balloting for president (1801), lxxxiv
Defense of Frontiers Act (1792), 204
discrimination among public creditors, 99
seat of government, 126
New England states (Eastern states), 30, 126, 142, 245, 276
economic conditions, 588
exceptionalism of, 587
history of, xxvi, ciii–civ, 158, 542
interests, lxxvi
political influence of, lxxvi, xcviii
praise for, 435
public opinion on neutrality, 253, 260–61
residents characterized, 472
tyrannized by federal government, 511
weather, xxviii
“New England System” of government administration, 356, 357
New Gloucester, Maine
letter addressed to, 91
New Hampshire, xxiv, 45, 529, 604, 605, 614
annexation of York County, Me., 208, 209
election, presidential (1796), lxix
ratification convention, 28, 30, 604
state officials, 186, 529, 614
See also names of towns; New England states; Northern states
New Hampshire congressional delegation, role in
assumption of state debts, 106
post roads, 164
New Haven, Connecticut
residents of, 180, 181, 182, 183
travel to and from, cxiv, 27, 33, 57, 60, 223
yellow fever epidemic, 325
New Ipswich, New Hampshire, clergy of, 537
seat of government in, 51, 108
See also Middle states; names of towns
New Orleans, Louisiana, lxxvi, 266
New Testament, 148
authority of, 186, 493, 494–95, 498, 501
historical context of, 239, 486, 487, 492, 497
Joseph Priestley’s lost commentaries on, 217, 218, 219, 220
New York City, 25, 86, 223, 315–16, 611
in American Revolution, 62, 63, 86
boardinghouses, 10, 11, 56, 239
books published in, 182
bookstores, 38, 55, 136, 165, 183, 367
business standards, 101
federal laws published at, 188
fires in, lxxxvi
government, municipal, 42, 52, 86
letters addressed to, 11–12, 13–15
letters written from, 4–27, 34–63, 71–138 passim
mail delivery, 10, 13, 24, 41, 54, 81, 83, 86, 96
and Embargo (1794), 315–16
pastimes, 79
places and neighborhoods, 58
Battery, 84
Fraunces’s Tavern, 249
St. George’s Square, 85
prices, 10, 55, 178, 198, 237, 254
public health, 5
reception of George Washington, 83–85
as seat of government, temporary, 37, 44, 51, 72, 86
social life, 26, 27, 198 (See also “Republican Court”)
travel to and from, 33, 178, 183, 223, 237, 326, 461
women, 27
See also Federal Hall (City Hall)
New York Daily Gazette (NYC), 272
New York Journal (NYC), items printed in, 22
New York Packet (NYC), items printed in, 22
New York Society Library, c, 105
New York State, xxv, 53, 55, 84, 210, 240
1st federal election in, 72
congressional districts, 415
legislature, 18, 19, 72–73, 91, 451
ratification convention, 14, 600
state officials, 83, 84, 86, 595, 601, 602, 603
See also Middle states; names of towns
New York Yearly Meeting of Friends (Quakers), petition of, 118, 581
Newburyport Herald (Mass.), items printed in, cxii, cxiv–cxv
Newburyport, Massachusetts, 189
GT’s residence in, cix, cx, 526, 534
letters addressed to, 524–28, 532–33, 536–40
letters written from, 529–31, 534–35, 540–43
news reports from, 438, 439, 440
residents of, 189, 216, 234, 327, 347, 539, 543, 598, 611, 612, 614
revenue collection at, 172, 205, 206, 612
travel to and from, 65, 461, 474, 525
News, spread of, xlviii–xlix
advertisements, 71
circular letters in, 264
circulation, 196
correspondents referred to, 240, 241, 246, 247, 249, 265, 269, 274, 275, 276, 280, 304
coverage of Congress by, xciv, 115, 134, 259–60, 311, 357, 383
forwarded to correspondents, 227
GT’s collection of, 360
political role of, lv, xciv, 55, 97, 304, 328, 402, 510
provided to members of Congress, 136
See also names of cities; newspapers
Newton, John, writings of, 492, 500
Newton, Mary Catlett, 500
Newton, Massachusetts, residents of, 598
Newton, Sir Isaac, books on, ci
Nicholas, John
in House debates, lxxiv, 413, 417, 585
Nicholson, Joseph H., role in balloting for president (1801), 477
Nonesuch River, Maine, 81
Nootka Sound, Canada, hostilities in, 141
Norfolk County, Massachusetts, courts at, 607
Norfolk, Virginia, lxx, lxxxvi, 254, 255
North American Review (Boston), 519
North Carolina, 595
congressional districts, liv
economic sanctions against, 46
paper money, 45
public opinion on augmentation of army, 191
ratification in, 30, 45, 46, 344
See also names of towns; Southern states
North Carolina (ship), 84
North Carolina congressional delegation, 106, 107
North Sea, British control of, 402
North Yarmouth, Maine, proposed college at, 173, 175–76
North, Frederick, Lord, 510–11, 512
Northampton, Massachusetts, 183, 536, 538, 540
Northern states
duelling in, 380–81
Federalists in, lxxxiv
interests, lxxvi
legislatures’ rejection of Virginia and Kentucky Resolves, 578
political influence of, li, 108
population growth, 123
tax burden on, lix
trade, 510
Northern states congressional delegations
on convening federal government, 64
on government salaries, 92
influence of, 443
Northfield, Massachusetts, residents of, 610
Northumberland, Pennsylvania, residents of, lxxxi, 342, 344, 607
Northwest Ordinance (1787), provisions of, 584
Northwest Territory
British posts held in, 241, 242, 329, 399
government of, lxxxix, 30, 165
hostilities in, 140, 147, 165–66, 167–69, 265, 267, 313, 317, 324
officeholders, lxxvii
public lands, 28, 31, 64–65, 66, 160
roads, 287
Norwich, Connecticut, lawyers in, 150, 599
Nottingham, New Hampshire, lawyer in, 607
Nova Scotia, 81
· O ·
O’Bryen, Richard, published letter from, 270, 272
O’Fallon, James, 266
Oaths and affirmations, cvii, 582
Ockley, Simon, writings of, c
Office holding
dual, legal challenges to, 609
See also Public service
Ohio River Valley
letters written from, 374
navigation through, 29
settlement in, lxxvi, lxxvi–lxxvii
characterized, 112, 113, 358, 535, 542
Old American Company, performances of, 27
Old Testament, authority of, 494–95, 508
One Thousand and One Nights, 518, 520
Oneida Indians, delegation from, 210
Onondaga Indians, delegation from, 210
Ontario (Upper Canada), government of, 312, 314
Oracle of the Day (Portsmouth, N.H.), item printed in, lxxvii
Orange County, Virginia, planters of, 604
Original Sin, doctrine of, cii, 3–4, 183, 490, 491–92, 536
corrupting influence of, 57, 515, 518
rejection of, 133, 184, 185, 217, 494, 543
Orphans, xxviii, xxix, xlv, 335, 603
Orr, Benjamin, on GT, xci
Osgood, Joshua B., 27, 69, 327
Osgood, Samuel, properties of, 85–86
Ossipee Mountains, New Hampshire, 377
Otis, Elizabeth Gray, news shared by, 11
Otis, Harrison Gray, 605–06
and antislavery agitation, 583, 584–85
leadership of, xlvi, lxxvi, lxxxiii, xciii, xciv, xcviii
petitions submitted by, 417
praise for, 587
signatory to circular letter, 452
Otis, Joseph, appointment of, 116
Otis, Sally Foster, 419, 472, 606
characterized, 56
in Confederation Congress, xxxiv, xxxv
correspondence with, 41
Ottoman Empire (Turkey), lxxxiii, c, 228, 245, 425
Pacific Northwest, cvi
Paganism, lxiv, 110, 185, 219, 239, 351
Page, John, role in ratification, 22
Paine, Robert Treat, as state judge, xc
Paint merchants, 347
Paintings, historical, 368
Palmer, Elihu, 344
Pamphlets, xliv, 118, 353, 424. See Books and pamphlets; Thacher’s Tracts
Panoplist (Boston), items printed in, 520
Paper and paper products
manufacturing of, 131
Parenting, 74, 82, 221, 420–21, 447
breast-feeding, 452
duties of, 46, 65–66, 73, 75–77, 297
See also Childrearing
Park (Parke), Matthew
correspondence with, 337
mercantile activities of, 223, 224, 231, 233, 244
Parker, Ann Brooks, birth of, 416
Parker, Isaac, 606
as congressman, lxxvii, 398, 415
on GT’s health, cxiv
relations with TBW, 522–23
Parker, Joseph, land speculation by, 31
Parker, Josiah, lxxxiv, 255, 581, 606
resolutions forwarded to, 309, 310, 312, 321
Parker, Rebecca Hall, 415, 453, 537, 606
Parker, Samuel, writings of, c
Parkersburg, West Virginia, lxxvii
Parrish, John Jr., lobbying by, 118
Parsons, Theophilus, xc–xci
law students of, 327, 603, 612
Parties and factions, xxiii, 13, 125, 235, 339, 354, 399
pro-French, 241, 384, 425, 426, 427, 428
spirit of, 321, 336, 541, 574–75
See also American Revolution; Democratic-Republicans; Federalists; House of Representatives, U.S.; names of places, individual Congresses
Partridge, George, 115, 116, 150
Passamaquoddy, Maine, post office at, 165
Passion, excesses of, 547, 553
Pastimes (shooting), 113
Patent Board, deliberations of, 157, 160, 167, 169
Patent protection, 150
applications for, lxii, 136, 160
Patriotism, xxiii, xxxiv–xxxv, lxv, 302, 402
Patterson, Mr. (Saco, Me.), money owed by, 298
Peabody, Nathaniel, 183, 186, 186
Peabody, Stephen, xliv
Peace Society of Massachusetts, membership in, 533
Pearsall, Thomas, 85
Peggy (ship), 281
Peirson (Pierson), George, 373, 457, 606
business relations with, lxxxix, 189, 339, 365, 442
correspondence with, 187, 189, 259, 307, 329–30, 468–69
letters to, printed, 244–45, 259–62, 282–84, 301–03, 303–05
Peirson, Samuel (ca. 1759–1852; Biddeford, Me.), and Unitarian movement, cxi
Pemberton, Henry, writings of, ci
Pemberton, James, correspondence with, 118
Pemberton, John, lobbying by, 118
Pennsylvania, lxii, 126, 169, 210, 240
1st federal election in, 54
American Revolution in, 245
demographics, 240
federal marshal, 323
government
legislature, 367
senate speaker, 436
state legislators, 245
supreme executive council, 18, 19, 54, 55
interest groups, 54
laws, anti-duelling, 387
militia, 141, 165, 312–13, 368, 436
parties and factions, 240, 451
revenue collection in, 158
in sectional balance, 108
Society of the Cincinnati chapter, 368
western, 169
farmers in, 323
See also Middle states; names of towns
Pennsylvania Abolition Society, petition from, 118
Pennsylvania congressional delegation, intrigues among, 108, 123, 240
Pennsylvania Gazette (Philadelphia), 322, 357
Pennsylvania, University of, faculty at, 175
Penobscot River Valley, Maine, xxvi, 153, 177
Penobscot, Maine, lxi, 270, 415
mail delivery to, 162, 170, 173, 188, 192, 196
Pensions, invalid
list, 252, 254, 270, 277, 321, 322
report on, 248
See also Invalid Pensions Acts
Pensions, military, lxi
Pepperell, Sir William, estate of, 161
Perjury, legal sanctions against, 554
Perkins, Elisha, metallic tractor of, 360
Peterborough, New Hampshire, lawyer at, 529
Petersburg, Virginia, lawyer at, 599
Petersham, Massachusetts, lawyer at, xxxiv
Petite Démocrate (French privateer), 266
Petitions and petitioning
House procedures, lx, lxi, 107, 160, 355, 357, 589–90
importance of, lx
See also names of petitioners
Philadelphia, 188, 279, 346, 360, 367, 583
boardinghouses and residences, lxxxvii, 150, 325, 529
bookstores, 183
centrality of, 108
Baptist, 344
Christ Church, 444
independent, 344
Lutheran, 445
St. Paul’s, 149
comparisons with, 71, 197, 198, 455
consumption of goods, 245
diplomats at, 243, 258, 259, 361, 367
economy, xli, 61, 71, 238, 304, 321
environmental conditions, 391
fires in, lxxxvi, 332–34, 362–63, 405, 418, 444, 445
Jacobins, 426
letters addressed to, 322–23, 338
letters written from, 138–460 passim
mail delivery at, 141, 232, 234, 272, 276, 279, 330, 332, 462
manners, 367
mob activity at, 275–76
newspapers, books, and pamphlets, 71, 97, 229, 241, 242, 266, 306, 309, 311, 391, 417, 424
occupations
bankers, 245
clergy, ciii, 136, 148, 341, 350, 364
merchants, 54, 55, 149, 224, 244, 245, 252, 277, 279, 285, 288, 296, 302, 321, 365, 596, 599
physicians, 175, 243, 246, 251, 449
tailors, 243
places and neighborhoods
Dock Street, 156
Oeller’s Hotel, 161, 345, 346, 347, 444
Pennsylvania Hospital, 347
prison, 242
Ricketts’s Circus, 345, 346, 347, 366, 367–68, 444
theaters, 450
police, 426
post office, 454
prices, 165, 178, 198, 223, 234, 243–44, 245, 302, 447
public ceremonies, 445
public opinion on
Adams, John, 426
Anglo-Spanish war, 140
relations with France, 365, 416, 433
as seat of government, cxii, 37, 239, 323
temporary, lviii, 45, 51, 86, 108
size, lxxxix
social life, 198, 232, 399 (See also “Republican Court”)
church attendance, 148–49
holidays, 243
teas, 455
Washington’s birthday, 366, 367–68
as state capital, 54
weather, cxii, 147–48, 198, 231, 234, 243, 246, 334, 337, 339, 347, 361, 363, 371, 391, 393, 394, 395, 397, 400, 405, 414, 418, 430, 435, 442, 447, 454, 456
yellow fever at, lxxviii, 238, 239, 240, 241–42, 243, 324–25, 326, 394, 421, 442, 443
See also Congress Hall; Independence Hall
Philadelphia Gazette, items printed in, 382–87, 389, 450, 588
Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of Friends (Quakers), petitions from, 118, 398, 581
Philanthropy, 590
Phillips Academy (Exeter, N.H.), 326
Phillips, Samuel Jr., xxxiv, 452
Philosophers, 40, 82, 97, 152, 607
study of, c, 290, 489, 503, 546
Physicians
agnosticism of, 499
consultations with, 5, 57, 251, 468
optometrists, lxii
Pichegru, Charles, 337
Pichon, Louis André, lxxix
Pickering, Timothy, 340
GT consults with, as postmaster general, 158, 160, 162, 163
and Indian relations, 210–11, 239, 324
nominees recommended to, 608
as quartermaster general, 255, 267, 288, 289, 322
Pierce, Daniel, recommendation for, 439
Pierce, William, on Roger Sherman, 182
Pierpont, John, sermons of, 542, 543
Pierse, Long, 604
Piety, respect for, 6
Pike, Mr., money owed to, 453
Pilgrim Society, 529
Pilmore, Joseph, sermon by, 149–50
Pilot (Boston), item printed in, 508
Pilots, harbor, militia exemptions for, 206
Pinckney Treaty (Treaty of San Lorenzo, 1795), 584
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, 606–07
diplomatic career, lxix, 374, 394–95, 410, 411, 429
as presidential candidate, 468, 476
toast coined by, 436
See also France, peace mission to (1797–99)
Pinckney, Thomas, 242, 243, 286, 607
Pipon, John, 358
Piracy, measures against, 417. See also Algerine pirates
Pitcairn, Joseph, diplomatic career of, lxxix
Pitt, William, “the Younger,” 141, 281
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, lxxiv, 169, 324
Pius VII (Pope), 509
Plaster of Paris, purchase of, 456
Plays. See names of plays
Plays (books), ci
Playwrights, 500
Pliny the Elder, Natural History, ci
Plutarch, 127
Plymouth Colony, civ
Plymouth, Massachusetts, 528, 529, 612
travel to and from, 527
Plymouth, North Carolina, 532, 533
Poets, 500
Political clubs, xlii, 16. See also Democratic Societies
Political knowledge, post office diffuses, 164
Political theory, xlvii, c, 145
characterized, l, liii, lix–lx, 65, 110, 111
identification as, xli, lxxvi, 41, 120, 199, 271, 286
Politics, xix
GT’s withdrawal from, 522, 550
Popularity, disregard for, lii–liii, 90, 133, 493
Porcupine’s Gazette (Philadelphia), xcv, 426
on Benjamin Franklin Bache, lxxi
GT’s reading of, xciv, 401, 402
items printed in, 403
Porter, Benjamin Jones, marriage of, 167, 607
Porter, Elizabeth (Betsy) King, xxx, cvi, 27, 609
relations with SST, xxviii, 42
Porter, Experience, sermons by, 536, 537
Porter, Jane, writings of, ci
Porter, Paulina King, marriage of, 607
Portland (Falmouth), Maine, xxxi, lxxv, 212, 216, 596, 600
3rd federal election in, lxviii, 230
churches, xliv, lxvi, 144–45, 146, 216, 550, 598, 612
college proposed at, 151, 173–77
economy of, xxvi
education in, 137, 178, 359, 458, 459, 598
GT’s opinion on, cix
lawyers, cvi, 236, 597, 602, 605, 613
letter from constituents in, 139
letters addressed to, 141–43, 244–45, 248–49, 271–72, 273–75, 276–77
letters written from, 214–15, 236
Library Society, lxii, 163, 165
merchants of, lix–lx, lxi, lxviii, 212, 213, 216, 279, 282, 596, 598, 606, 611, 612–13
military defense of, 265, 270, 272
newspapers, 195, 233, 263, 331, 374, 598 (See also names of newspapers)
parties and factions in, 139
petitions from
to state legislature, 195
political influence of, lxviii
popular conventions at, 556, 559, 560–61, 562
portraitists, 539
post office, 162, 163, 164, 165, 170, 190, 483, 598
public opinion on
GT, 388
Maine statehood, 600
purchases in, 442
residents of, cii, 289, 322, 377, 457, 594, 596, 597, 598, 600, 601, 602, 606, 607, 611, 612–13, 613
revenue collection at, lxii, 90
Revolutionary War in, 165
social life at, xxxi, 80, 452, 453, 455
state constitutional convention at, cv
statehood conventions in, xxxiii, 202, 597
town meetings, 197, 252–53, 255, 597
trade, 94, 162, 163, 189, 196, 271, 279, 304, 457
travel to and from, 374, 427, 437, 469
Unitarian movement in, xcix, ciii, 213, 222
Portland Gazette (Me.), items printed in, 549, 577
Portland Head Lighthouse, Maine, 213
keeper’s pay, petition on, 211–12
Portraiture, 4, 128, 168, 448, 539
official, use of, 259
Portsmouth, New Hampshire, 96, 209, 605, 609, 610
letters addressed to, 534–35
merchants of, 149, 472, 535, 594, 604
travel to and from, 28, 65, 228, 532, 534
Portsmouth, Virginia, petition from, lxx
Portugal, 416
diplomacy of, 29, 31, 229, 245, 353
Post Office
Confederation establishment, 165, 173, 178
contracts, 161–62
employees, militia exemptions for, 206
extension of, 172–73
political role of, 163–64, 165, 172, 196
See also Mail delivery; names of places; Post roads
Post Office Bills (1790 and 1791), GT’s role in, 162
Post roads, 160
See also names of places
Postal Service Act (1792)
House debate on, 162–63
predictions about, 161
Postmaster General, 165, 303. See also Pickering, Timothy
Potomac River, as seat of government site, lviii, 108, 118, 123, 127
Power, inherent abuse of, 8
Preaching
evangelical, avoidance of, 517
styles of, 49–50, 114, 122, 148, 149–50, 239, 353
Precedents, 560
rejection of, lv, lxi, cviii, 465, 567, 570
Prejudices, persistence of, 99, 546
Prentiss, Mary Scollay, relations with SST, xxvii, xxviii
Presbyterian Church, xlvii, lxxiii, ciii, 344, 509
President of the Senate, 91, 445
President of the U.S., 126, 605
communications with Congress, 140
as “First Magistrate,” 574
impeachment of, 306
leadership of, 209–10
commander in chief, 140, 169, 206, 313
contraction of, 354
domestic insurrection, 323
foreign affairs, 301, 313, 353, 404, 413
negotiate reparations, 279
official holidays, 426–27
punishment of crimes, 98
usurpation of, 576–77
protocol, lv
residence, official, 86
salary, 94 (See also Salaries-Executive Act [1789])
signs act, 91
See also Adams, John; Jefferson, Thomas; Madison, James; Washington, George
Presidential Electors, lxix, 231, 614
Presque Isle (Erie, Pennsylvania), U.S. occupation of, 312–13, 314
Press, freedom of the, xciv, 148
Price, Richard, 217–18, 219, 220
Priestley, Joseph, 607
characterized, 351
correspondence with, lxxxi, lxxxii–lxxxiii, xc, 218, 220–21, 344, 398
and John Adams, lxxx–lxxxi, lxxxiii
letters to, printed, 216–18
politics of, lxxx–lxxxiii, xciv, 485
religion and ministry of, lxvi–lxvii, 216, 217–18, 220, 341, 343, 344, 349–50, 351, 353, 362, 438, 499, 500, 541
scientific interests, xxi, lxxxii
social relations with, 342, 350, 363
travels of, 342
writings, xlvi, lxxxii, lxxxv, 32, 121, 186, 218, 219, 220, 221, 351, 493, 501, 567, 570
Priestley, Joseph Jr., lxxxi, 365
Prince, John, xxi
Prince, William, 63
Princeton University (College of New Jersey), 183
attenders, 164, 183, 272, 300, 449, 477, 595, 598, 604
Printers, lxxxii, 131, 132, 235, 486
Printing, encouragement of, 131–32, 136
Prisoners of war
Privateers, lxx, xcvii, 270, 282, 610
GT’s service on, xxii–xxiii
Prize ships, xxiii, 242, 281, 409
Profanity, legal sanctions against, 554
Progress, belief in, 87, 129, 130
skepticism about, lxxxv, 123, 242, 417
Prosperity, decline of, 94
Protestantism
Reformation, c, 105, 228, 230, 498, 506, 509
Proverbs, maxims, and folk sayings, 54, 99, 182, 200, 234, 320, 405, 415, 475, 561, 570, 574
Providence, divine, 52, 426–27, 495, 496, 497, 587
Providence, Rhode Island, 224, 593
travel to and from, 27, 57, 60
Provoost, Samuel, 50
Prussia, in War of the First Coalition, 229, 281, 313–14, 316, 321, 322, 336–37, 353
Pseudonyms, newspaper
“A New Light,” 548
“Brutus,” 8
“Decius,” 266
“No Jacobin,” 266
“Numa,” lxxvii
“One of the People,” disputed authorship of, 550
“Reformer,” 555
See also Thatcher (Thacher), George, writings, newspaper
Public credit, 98, 101–104, 105, 292
Public creditors
discrimination among, 98–99, 169, 578
federal, expectations of, 97
state, political role of, lviii
See also Speculators, securities
Public opinion
canvassing of, 571–72
need to inform, 241
political role of, 576–77
Public service, 290
gendered, 80
GT’s indifference towards, xxvii, 68, 71–72, 129, 137, 143, 177, 226, 331
motives for
financial, lxxxix, 25, 26, 92, 94, 226
qualifications for, lxiii, 93, 212
political, xcvi
religious, liii, lxiii–lxv, cvii, 67–68, 133, 563–73 passim
sacrifices for, xxviii, xxxvi, xl, cxii, 26, 27, 41, 66, 154, 224, 348, 420, 478
“Publius.” See Federalist essays
Puducherry (Pondicherry), India, siege of (1793), 254, 255
Punishment and correction
Punishment of Crimes Act (1790), 98, 107, 109
Punishment, eternal (damnation), xxxvii, lxxvii, 148, 341, 342, 390, 488, 536, 545, 553
Putnam, Rufus, on Harmar’s Expedition, 149
Pythagoras of Samos, 519
· Q ·
Quakers (Friends), 149, 549, 605
beliefs, lxxxii, cvii, 158, 506, 509
civil rights of, 583
persecution of, 130
petitions of, 117–18, 169, 397, 398, 581, 583, 593
worship described, 34–35
Quartermaster General, on John Hobby claim, 255, 267, 288, 289, 322
Quasi-War with France, xlix
diplomatic maneuvers during, lxxviii–lxxx
military actions, 455, 456, 613
Quincy, Josiah III, Federalist leadership of, xciii
· R ·
Raleigh, Sir Walter, writings of, c
Rand, Benjamin, army commission for, 321, 322
Randolph, Edmund
as attorney general
GT consults with, on patent claim, 157
report on Judiciary Act of 1789, 191
characterized, 290
as secretary of state, 294
diplomatic duties of, 258, 266, 277, 300, 313, 315
misconduct of, 339, 340, 391, 392, 413
Randolph, John, of Roanoke, 449, 450, 512
Ratification of the Constitution, liii–liv, 7, 110, 578
GT’s role in, li–lii
impact on Maine statehood, li
See also names of states
Rawdon-Hastings, Francis Edward, Earl of Moira, 269, 272
Rawson, Desire Thacher, 187
Rawson, Jonathan, 607
letter to, printed, 183–86
Raymond, Daniel, writings of, 531, 532
Read, Nathan, lxii, 452, 463, 465
emotional effects of, 47, 56, 221, 226, 232, 351, 362, 366
habits, lxxxii, lxxxix, xciii–xciv, cii, 9, 12, 32, 38, 46, 72, 78–79, 87, 120–21, 122, 151, 231, 361, 397, 401, 444, 474, 502, 517, 522
methods, 308
See also Books and pamphlets; Newspapers; Thacher’s Tracts
Reading, Massachusetts, residents, 601
benefits of, 2–3, 130, 341, 517–18
Rebirth (conversion; regeneration; second birth), 495–96, 497, 499, 531, 543, 605
Records Act (1790), provisions of, 136
Records, public, access to, 157
Redick, David, in Whiskey Rebellion, 329
Reed, John, signatory to circular letter, 452
Religion
benefits of, xxiv, 67, 176, 554
education, xlvi–xlvii, 221, 546
grounds for persecution, 129–30
limits of influence of, 504–505
newspaper editorials on, 548
omitted in Constitution, 571
public apathy towards, 335
public utility of, 67, 110–11, 145, 181
purpose of, 142
sources of, 3
Religion, freedom of, 13, 67, 68
Religion, natural, 488
Religion, popular, 417
Religion, revealed, 489
Religious beliefs, lxxvii, 114, 134
disputes over, 439
justification by faith, 101, 105, 148
source of, 547
tolerance over, 571
See also names of religious beliefs and doctrines; Public service, qualifications for
Repertory (Boston), items printed in, cxv, 511
constituent relations, liii–liv, 404
expulsion of, constitutional provisions for, 406
foreign agents among, 250
independent judgement, 200
legislative privilege, 408, 450
militia exemptions for, 206
qualifications, lxxiii, 156, 548, 563–73 passim
quality of, 22
recall of, 354
relations with Joseph Priestley, 342
See also Salaries Legislative Act (1789)
Representatives, state, length of term, 16
Republican Court, xxxi, 593. See also Thatcher (Thacher), George, Representative, social life
and apportionment, 202
classical ideology, 394
iconography of, 379
language of, lii
principles of, xcvi, 10, 199–200
and public service, 66
and salaries, 94
and transparent government, 409
and war-making, 280
Residence Act (1790), lviii, 118–19
GT’s opinion on, 123–26
Resurrection, The, 114, 134, 185, 492
Revelation, divine, 343, 365, 505, 517
benefits of, 493, 506, 507–508
Revenue collection, federal
drains on, 160
fairness of, 569
fraud, 171–72, 205, 206 (See also Smuggling)
importance of, 29
protection of, 270
reports on, 191
sources of, 38, 65 (See also Impost duties; Taxes, direct)
See also names of places
Revenue officers, federal
money orders drawn against, 402, 442, 466
commissioners, 596
port surveyors, 596
See also names of places
Revenue system, federal, 600
constituents’ advice about, xliv–xlv
Revenue, states, inadequacy of, 38
Revolutionary War, 55, 142, 182, 281, 409, 594, 608, 610
claims related to, 255, 267 (See also Hobby, John, petition of)
GT’s role in, xxii–xxiii
impact of, xxi, xl, 131, 136, 193–94
veterans, cix, 243, 245, 249, 443
See also Continental Army; France, relations with, alliance of 1778; names of battles; Treaty of Paris (1783)
Revolutions, cv, 4, 97, 210, 317
Rewards, eternal, 68, 506–507, 507–508. See also Punishment, eternal
Reynolds, Joshua, 480
Rhetoric, effects of, 46
Rhine Valley (Europe), military operations in, 279, 281
Rhode Island, lxix, 37, 116, 224, 468. See also names of towns; New England states; Northern states
Rhode Island Trade Bill (1790), 115, 116
Rice, Thomas, correspondence with, 94
Richardson, Samuel, writings of, 432
Richmond, Virginia, 31, 188, 394, 594, 605
Ricketts, John B., 347
“Rights of Man,” 3, 246, 272, 541, 584, 585, 586
frailty of, 311
government founded on, 228
Rights, civil, 103, 106, 292, 558
retained, xxxiii, l–li, 550, 557
See also names of individual rights
Rights, natural, deprivation of, 564
Ripley, Ezra, xxi, xxvii, xxxiv, liii
Rivers, dangers of, 89
Roads, construction of, 196
Robbins, Edward Hutchinson, 607
letters to, printed, 451–52
Robertson, William, writings of, 163
Robinson, Moses, housemate, 326
Rochembeau, comte de, 289
Rome, ancient, 62, 63, 103, 105, 110, 161, 509
allusions to, lxxxvii–lxxxviii, 61, 388, 404, 413, 424, 451
characterized, 102–103
lessons drawn from, 19, 22, 156, 199, 578
Rome, Italy, artists from, 159
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 32, 187
educational theories of, xxxviii–xxxix, 73
Roxbury, Massachusetts, 182, 531
Rudberg, John, xxxi
political use of, lxiii
Rush, Benjamin, xxxviii
inoculation by, 449
Russell, Benjamin, 403
Rycaut, Sir Paul, writings of, c
· S ·
Sabine, Lorenzo, on duelling, 380
Sable, Isle of (Nova Scotia), 80–81
Saco (Pepperellborough), Maine, xxvi, cv, 71, 143, 227, 610, 611
religion at, lxvi, lxvii, ciii, cx, cxi
revenue collection at, 90, 601
travel to and from, 290, 439, 535, 536
Saco Bank (Me.), shares in, cix
Saco Falls, Maine, xxix, cxvii, 88, 298
view of, xvi
Saco Iron Works (Me.), 526
Saco River, Maine, xxvi, 72, 129
dread of, xxii, xxviii, 27, 33, 57, 59–60, 114
Saint-Domingue (Hispaniola), slave insurrection in, 593
Saint-Mémin, Charles Balthazar, 448
Saint-Méry, Moreau de, writings of, c
Salaries-Executive Act (1789), 92, 93, 94
Salaries-Legislative Act (1789), 88, 92, 93, 94
Salaries, federal, opinions on, 93, 129, 135, 169
Salem Gazette (Mass.), items printed in, cxv, 521
Salem Mercury (Mass.), item printed in, 40
Salem, Massachusetts, 465, 508, 519–20, 599
Salt, bounty on, 116
Sanborn, Mr. (Newburyport, Mass.), lodgings with, 65
Sandemanianism, xliii
Sandwich, Massachusetts, residents, 299, 595
Sanford, Maine, 605
letter addressed to, 91
Saratoga, Battles of (1777), 601
Sardinia, in War of the First Coalition, 351
Sargent, Winthrop, lxii, 28, 30
Saugus (Lynn), Massachusetts, residents, 613
Savage family genealogy, civ
Savage, Bathsheba Johnston, 252, 608
Savage, Charles Tyler, marriage of, 611
Savage, Henry, 428
Savage, Hope Doane, xxvii, 608
Savage, James Rodon, as law student, xxxii
Savage, Joseph, 32, 335, 428, 607, 611
correspondence with, lxii, 250, 403–04
Savage, Mary Meserve (Meservie), 252, 428, 608
Savage, Samuel, xxvii, civ, 404, 436, 443, 608
letters from, acknowledged, 153
letters to, printed, 153–54, 439–40
Savage, Samuel Phillips, xxvii, civ, 40, 153, 594, 607, 608
on Confederation Congress, xxxv
correspondence with, lxii, 99, 154, 223–24, 237, 250–51, 252, 404
relations with, 36, 42, 224, 227, 232, 233
Savage, Sarah Tyler, 608
Savage, William, 608
correspondence with, 251, 419–20, 428, 467, 469
Savannah, Georgia, fires in, lxxxvi
Sawtelle, Cullen, 388
Sawyer, Abner Jr., cxv, 525, 536, 611
Sawyer, Catherine Lucy, health of, 525, 526
Sawyer, Sarah Gray, visits, 535, 536
Sayward, Elizabeth Plummer, greetings to, 8, 72, 608
Sayward, Jonathan, xliv, 93, 594, 602, 608
greetings to, 8, 72, 294, 337, 353
on westward expansion, lxxvi
Sayward, Sarah Mitchell, marriage of, 608
Scammon, Hannah Page, xxx
Scammon, James, xxx
Scammon, Nathaniel, xxx
Scarborough River, Maine, 81
Scarborough, Maine, 89–90, 603, 609
letters addressed to, 89–91
Scholasticism, 515
Schools, 548
quality of, xvii–xviii, 431
See also names of places and institutions
Schoolteachers, xxv, 458, 612, 613
Science (natural philosophy)
encouragement of, 151, 267, 589–90, 592
lack of interest in, lxxxii
laws of, 140
professorships in, 174
spread of, 292
Scioto (Ohio), settlement of, lxxvi
Scioto Company, 30
Scituate, Massachusetts, residents of, 594
Scollay, Mary, xxvii, xxviii, xxxvii, 11, 36, 40
Scotland, immigrants from, xxxvii, 165, 346
Scott Township, Pennsylvania (“Bower Hill”), 323
Scott, Charles, 289
Scott, Sir Walter, writings of, ci
Seamen, merchant, U.S., 412
militia exemptions for, 206
threats to, 245, 246, 271, 272, 273, 299
See also Impressment
Searle, Catherine (Katy), 461, 463
Searle, Frances (Fanny), 461, 463, 485
Searle, Mary Russell Atkins, 347
relations with GT, 461, 474, 475
relations with SST, xxvii, xxxviii
Seasons
Winter, lifestyle in, xxxvi
Seat of government, 108
See also New York City; Philadelphia
communications with, 167
vacancy, 290
See also Jefferson, Thomas; Randolph, Edmund
Secretary of the Senate, lvi, 136, 258
Secretary of the Treasury, 340, 361, 596
See also Hamilton, Alexander
Secretary of War, 340, 361, 510, 511
See also Knox, Henry
Sectionalism, li, 197, 356, 357, 443
Securities, Continental, 28–29, 37–38
Securities, state, value of, 38
Sedgwick, Theodore, xxxiv, 22, 120, 224, 342, 609
seating in House (1796), 350
signatory to circular letter, 452
as Speaker, 442, 443, 465, 476
as state judge, xc–xci
Sedition, fears of, xxxiv
Self-reliance, praise of, 89, 112
Senate
characterized, 290–91
corruptibility of, 8
debates, gallery for, 258
president of, duties, 476
president pro tempore, 478–79
public opinion on, 309
role in foreign affairs, 243
sectional balance, li
sequestering, 392
size, 20
treaty making power, 356
See also President of the Senate; Secretary of the Senate; individual Congresses
Senators, federal, 206, 342, 354
impeachable, 19
length of term, 18–20
qualifications for, lxxiii, 563–73 passim
quality of, 22
See also Salaries Legislative Act (1789)
Seneca Indians, delegation from, 210
Separation of powers, 17, 21, 22, 306, 353
Election Day, cvii–cviii
impact of, 34, 35, 215, 221, 437, 486, 487, 489, 518
political role of, cvii–cviii, 563
See also Preaching
Servants, domestics, and farmhands, ciii, 36, 238, 367, 598
individuals
Charles, xxxvii, xl, 6, 23, 41, 43
Eben, 224
Katy, 445
Nabby, 437
Nathaniel (Nathan), xl, lxxxv, 339, 359
Rachel (Ratchel), xxxvii, xl, xl–xli, 6, 10, 23, 41
Sukey, 224
See also Jotham; Witham, Elizabeth
Servants, indentured, 604
Servetus, Michael, execution of, 504, 509
Seven Years War. See French and Indian War
Sewall, Anne Henchman, 521
Sewall, Daniel, recommendation for, 158
correspondence with, xxxiii, lxii, 160, 330, 332, 581
as federal judge, 127, 169, 255, 321
letters from, acknowledged, 96, 105, 119, 126, 157
letters to, printed, 96–98, 105–107, 107–109, 118–20, 123–27, 157–60, 167–69
opinion on
3rd federal election, 230–31
county conventions, xxxiv
John Stone petition, 160
titles, lvi
portrait of, 168
Sewall, Dummer, 549
correspondence with, 91
Sewall, Elizabeth Langdon, marriage of, 326
Sewall, Elizabeth Quincy, 521
Sewall, Henry, 609
letters to, printed, 170
Sewall, Samuel, xxi, 392, 465, 606
signatory to circular letter, 452
Sexuality, study of, xxix
Shakers, 149
Shakespeare, William, performances of, xcix
Shaw, Hope Savage, marriage of, cxi
Shaw, Lemuel, cxi
Shaw, Mr., relations with TBW, 526
Shawnee Indians, hostilities with, 141, 165–66
Shays’s Rebellion, xxxiii, 120, 465
comparisons with, 558, 559, 560, 562
Sheafe, James, excursion of, 472
Sheafe, Sarah Meserve, excursion of, 472
Sheffield, Massachusetts, lawyer of, 609
Shepard, William, 326, 463, 465
signatory to circular letter, 452
Sherman, Roger, characterized, 180–81, 182
“Ship of state,” metaphorical reference to, 135, 273, 307
Ship-building, 189, 245, 457, 566
Shipmasters, petitions from, 315
Shipping, U.S.
captured by British, 273, 274, 281, 284, 285, 291, 295, 299, 302, 304, 306, 320, 338, 400
reparations for, 278, 279, 294, 295, 300, 301, 329, 399
captured by French, 365, 401, 409, 410, 423
risks undertaken by, 319–20
See also names of places
Shipwrecks, 81
Shopkeeping practices, 457
Short, William, diplomatic mission of, 323
Sidney, Algernon, writings of, c
Sieyès, Emmanuel-Joseph, 450
Silverware, 243–44
military activities of, 312–13, 315, 317
Simpson, James, 272
Sīrāfī, Abū Zayd Hasan Ibn Yazīd, writings of, c
Six Nations (Iroquois), diplomatic relations with, 208, 210–11, 324
Skipwith, Fulwar, 281
Slave trade (transatlantic), 500
Slave Trade Act (1794)
prosecutions under, 593
Slave Trade Act (1800), 592
Slavery, black, 127, 186, 463, 464
abolition of, lix, 123, 492, 581, 590, 593
GT’s criticism of, 424, 521, 581–92 passim
petitions on, 117–18, 398, 581–84, 588–93, 605
writings on, 532
See also Blacks, enslaved; Emancipation
Slavery, white, 564
Sleep and napping habits, 38–39
travel by, 251, 436, 437, 474, 534
Smallpox
inoculation, l, civ, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, 26, 448, 449, 549
vaccination, 542
Smilie, John, in House debate, 589
Smith, Abigail Adams, visit with, 63
Smith, Ariana, visits with, 528, 529
Smith, Jeremiah, 326, 528, 529
Smith, John Cotton, commentary on 6th Congress, lxxxiii, 465, 477
Smith, Louisa Catherine, 393, 394
Smith, William Jr., 394
Smith, William Loughton, liv
speeches on trade policy, 250, 254, 263
Smith, William Stephens, visit with, 63
Smith, Zephaniah, on Speaker Muhlenberg, 240
Snuff, tax on, 311
Social contract theory, 520, 557, 559–60, 568
Social order
Social order, breakdown of, lxxiv–lxxv, civ, cvii
Société des amis des Noirs, 587
Society of the Cincinnati, 10
members of, 600, 601, 603, 604, 606, 609
political role of, 557–58, 562
Society, perfectability of, 67
Socinianism, 130, 135, 182, 364–65
Socinus, Faustus, 135
Solon, reforms of, xxxvii–xxxviii, 125, 127, 156
Somerset, England, residents of, 500
Songs and singing, cxvii, 158, 363–64
delight in, xxxi, 76, 441, 447, 518
song and hymn titles, 138, 160, 407, 500
South Berwick, Maine, cix, 601
ratification convention, 29–30, 31, 607
See also names of towns; Southern states
South Carolina congressional delegation, role in balloting for president (1801), lxxxiv
Southern states, lxxxvi, 54, 64
economy of, 127
influence in Congress, li
interests, lxxvi
population growth, 123
public opinion on
Maine separation, 197
revenue collection in, 158
secession of, 126
in sectional balance, 108
tax burden on, lix
Southern states congressional delegations
characterized, 10
opinion on
government salaries, 92
seat of government, location of, 72, 126
role in
antislavery petitions, 398
convening federal government, 64
election of Speaker, 443
Southgate, Mary King, 609
Southgate, Robert, 78, 89, 198, 609
letters to, printed, 89–91
Southwark Gazette (Philadelphia), item printed in, lxxiii
Sovereignty, source of, 18
Spain
diplomats to and from, 86, 601
as convoy to U.S. ships, 265, 275
relations with France, 141, 229, 337, 352, 353
relations with Great Britain, 140, 141, 303, 392
trade with, 253, 255, 265, 270
and The West, lxxvi, 29, 272, 392, 584, 587
Spanish Louisiana, proposed attack on, 263, 266, 287
Speaker of the House, 91, 94, 211, 371, 372, 407, 417, 436, 445, 609. See also Muhlenberg, Frederick Augustus; Sedgwick, Theodore
Speculators, land, lxxv, 446, 485, 536, 596, 598, 613
criticism of, 210
members of Congress as, 55, 392
Speculators, real estate, 540
Speculators, securities (certificates), 97, 263, 468, 599, 608
interests promoted, 351
members of Congress as, 55
Speech, freedom of, protection of, 148
Spinning, xix
Spring, Marshall, 198
Spring, Mary Binney, 198
Spring, Seth, 373
Springfield, Massachusetts, travel to and from, 32–33, 39
Squatters (“White Indians”), lxxvi, xcii–xciii
St. Augustine, writings of, c
St. Clair, Arthur, reports from, 164
St. Clair’s Defeat, 165, 167–69, 191, 209, 210, 267
investigation into, 189
St. Croix, Maine, post office, 162
St. Croix, West Indies, news reported from, 271
St. Malo, France, military operations at, 269, 272
Stacey, George, 215, 216, 346–47, 348
Stacey, Tracy Anna Bevin, 346, 348
travel by, lxxx, 5, 32, 33, 224, 231, 237, 238, 239, 326, 369, 432, 435, 436, 461–62, 475, 534
Stamp tax, lxxiii, 282, 287, 289, 293, 311, 439
Standish, Maine, residents of, 249
Stanhope, George, c
Stanyan, Temple, writings of, c
Staples, Benjamin, business with, 325
State Papers and Public Documents of U.S., publication of, 613
diminishment of, 21, 22, 106, 108, 569
as parties to Constitution, 579
power of, 10
precedents from, cviii, 18–19, 197, 201–202
vs. “commonwealths,” GT’s speech on, cvi
See also Assumption of state debts; names of states
Statesmen, respectability of, 412
Statutes of limitation, lxi, 99
act suspending (1793), 267
Stebbins v. Jennings (“Brookfield Case”), cxi
Stebbins, Josiah, as law student, xxxii
Steuben, Frederick, baron von, military compensation for, lxiii, 135
Stewarton, Lewis Goldsmith, writings of, 367
Stockbridge, Massachusetts, residents of, 183, 609
Stoicism, 153
Stone, Capt. (Portland, Me.), and convey from Spain, 275
Stone, John, patent application for, 157, 160, 169
Stone, Mrs. (York, Me.), 5
Story, Joseph, on Isaac Parker, 606
Stoughton, Massachusetts, residents of, 596
Stowe, Capt., captured by Great Britain, 271
Strange, Sir John, Reports, 179, 182
Stratham, New Hampshire, farmers of, 614
Streeter, Russell, correspondence with, 550
Strong, Caleb, role in ratification, 22
Strong, Nathan, sermons by, lxvi
Stuart, Gilbert, legacy of, 168
Sturges, Jonathan, as housemate, 80
Subsidies and bounties, 197, 589–90, 592
Suffield, Connecticut, letters written from, 436–37
Suffrage, importance of, 327
Sullivan, James, xxvi, 325, 610
correspondence with, lviii–lix
law practice of, xxvi, 602, 604
on seat of government, 127
Sullivan, Martha Simpson, marriage of, 610
Sunbury, Pennsylvania, residents of, 55
Superstition, criticized, 3, 7, 67, 129, 130
Supplemental Assumption Act (1792), 204, 205, 206–207
Supreme Court of the U.S.
congressmen attend, 312
justices, xc, 255, 436, 602, 605
Surveys, land, xcii–xciii
Susquehanna River, 54, 55, 462
as Seat of government, permanent, 123, 124
Swan (ship), captured by Great Britain, 271
Switzerland, immigrants from, 413
· T ·
Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles Maurice de
Tar, 418
Tarboro, North Carolina, merchants of, 595
Taunton, Massachusetts, 359, 526, 536, 537
constitutionality of, 311, 312
See also Excise; names of products; Stamp tax
Taylor, Desire Thacher, 114, 116
Taylor, Elizabeth Joyce, 116
Taylor, Joyce, 116
Taylor, William, xxv, 116, 189
correspondence with, lxxxvii
Tazewell, Henry, 381
Tea, consumption of, xxii, lxxxviii, 62, 325
Teatime, xxx, 366, 455, 459, 538
Temperament (good humor), 546, 567, 614. See also Humor
Temperance, support for, 425, 512–13
Temple, Lady Elizabeth Bowdoin, lxxxviii, 35, 36
Templeman, John, 467, 468, 470
Tennessee, land speculation in, 392
Territories, slavery prohibited from, 584–87
Thacher, Anner Lewis (mother), xviii, xix–xx, xxiv, 113, 114, 348, 403, 433
Thacher, Antony (great-great-grandfather), xviii–xix, ciii, 499
Thacher, John (great-grandfather), 499
Thacher, John (great-uncle), 529
Thacher, Joseph, 187
Thacher, Josiah (brother), 443
Thacher, Josiah (Senator), xxxiv, 153
Thacher, Lewis (brother), 348
Thacher, Peter (father), xviii, xix, xxiii
Thacher, Peter (grandfather), 187, 499, 529
Thacher, Rebecca Winslow, civ
Thacher, Thankful, xix
Thacher, Thomas, civ, cxiii, 610
correspondence with, xxv, xxvi, xxix, 111, 116
letters to, printed, 1–2, 111–15
Thacher’s Island (“Thacher’s Woe”), xix
Thacher’s Tracts, lxvii, 398, 413
manuscripts among, 35, 547, 550, 555
titles, xli, c–ci, cii, 98, 187, 250, 340, 344–45, 366–67, 389, 402, 410, 421, 424, 438, 500–501, 508, 511, 514, 520, 533, 587
Thatcher (Thacher) children, ci, 244, 412, 418
characterized, 431
kisses for, 6, 23, 27, 42, 50, 78, 85, 88, 198, 226, 257, 360, 362, 364, 365, 395, 396, 403, 404, 405, 408, 419, 421, 428, 433, 452, 460, 461, 473, 485
misbehavior, 23
playtime, 80
relations among, 474–75
schooling, 296, 372, 374, 432, 433, 484
See also names of children
Thatcher (Thacher) family, xx, ciii–cv
anxiety about, 4, 359, 374, 464, 467
health, 9, 209, 375, 435–36, 468, 472, 484
household management, 214
Thatcher (Thacher) family, genealogical study of, xx, ciii–cv, 529
Thatcher (Thacher), Anner Lewis (daughter), 405, 420, 611
adult relations with, 523
greetings to and from, 538
naming, 403
special attention to, 404, 408, 428, 447, 467
Thatcher (Thacher), Elizabeth Haven Wardrobe, 610, Elizabeth Haven, Wardrobe
portrait of, 539
Thatcher (Thacher), Elizabeth Jones, xviii–xix, 499, 535, 537, 538, 611
Thatcher (Thacher), George, 398
characterized, xvii, xx, xxiv, xxxiv–xxxv, lviii, lxxxvii, ciii, cxv–cxvi, 127, 177, 187–88, 190, 346, 364, 542, 571
bookish, 100
charitable, xci, xciii, xcvi, 385, 538, 572
consistent, 297–98
domesticated, lxxxix, 72, 154, 297, 524
eccentric, cxvi–cxvii, 448, 454, 614
“firm Federalist,” lxxvii, 589
independent, lii–liii, liv, lxxxi, cxvi–cxvii, 90, 121, 122, 133, 157, 493, 549
indifferent to wealth, 485
indiscreet, lxiv, lxxxii–lxxxiii
latitudinarian, 489
moderate, 378
naive, 583
proud, 112
resistant to change, 330, 600–01
“splenetic,” 467
Stoic, 256–57
death of, cxv
education, xix, xx–xxii, xxiii, 95, 486, 487, 494, 541 (See also Harvard University, GT’s attendance at)
farm, xvii, cviii, 425, 453, 456, 471, 524
GT’s aptitude for, xl–xli, 85, 401, 425, 484, 524
financial affairs, xli, 189, 245 (See also Thatcher [Thacher], Sarah Savage)
income, xli, civ, 25, 26, 226, 524
indebtedness, xli, lxxxix–xc, 88, 224, 419, 453, 483–84, 485
personal wealth, lxvi, cix, 453
power of attorney over, 605
real estate purchases, cviii
taxes, 453
health, cxii–cxv, 10, 40–41, 57, 59, 60, 483, 525 (See also Exercise; Smallpox, inoculation)
appetite, cxiii–cxiv, 391
jaundice, 251
rheumatism, xlvi, lxxxvi, 359, 360, 361, 362, 369, 523
homestead, xvii, xxvii, xxix, xxxi, xxxvii, xxxix, cix, cxv, cxvi, cxvii, 11, 26, 78, 130, 143, 244, 377, 405, 419, 437, 461, 464, 479
“Elm-Trees,” 515, 549, 574, 577
home improvements, 296, 297, 299, 397, 412
relocation, cviii–cix, 297, 483–84, 485
last will and testament, xcix, cix, cxv
law practice, xvii, xxv, xxvi, xxxiii, cxvi, 27, 142
court circuit, xxxii, 23–24, 114, 437
library, 179
office, xxxi–xxxii, xliii, 26, 419
students in, cv–cvi, 167, 596, 600, 603
library, personal, xcix, 181, 183–84, 221, 367
catalog of, xli, xcix, c, ci, 146, 183, 186–87, 358, 500, 501, 509, 510
lodgings, 5, 9, 324, 325, 326, 327, 332, 361, 362–63, 385, 386, 389, 392–93, 397–98, 401, 414, 442, 443, 444, 462, 463, 464, 467
marriage, xxvi–xxix
mercantile ventures, lxxxix, 187, 189, 284, 304
obituary, quoted, xxxi, xci, xcii, xcix, cii, cxii, cxv, cxvi–cxvii, 379, 380, 382
physical appearance, vi, xvii, 10, 12, 388 (See also Clothing and dress)
political influence, cxvi
public opinion of, lxiv, xciii, 549
reputation, 388
social life, xvii, lxxx (See also individual Congresses, social life)
dinners, 538
importance of, xxvii
outings, xcvii
parties (“jams”), 538
public worship, 538
visits, xxxvi, 64, 92, 117, 118, 186, 326, 390, 449, 526, 532–33, 534, 540
writings, miscellaneous, 35
journals, lxxxvi–lxxxvii, 122, 136
projected, 142
writings, newspaper
“Crazy Jonathan,” l, lxv, 119, 120, 146, 548–49, 563–73
“One of the People,” 549, 574–77
“Rational Christian,” xxxiii, 99, 548, 552–55
“Scribble-Scrabble,” xxxiii, xxxiv, l, lv, lvii–lviii, 548, 550, 556–62
disputed authorship of, 550
youth, xix, xxv, 330, 488, 597
reminiscences of, 111–16 passim
See also Worship, public, attendance at
Thatcher (Thacher), George—Representative
attendance, 154
1st Congress, liv, 37, 85, 114, 135, 146
2nd Congress, 154, 178, 208, 211, 223, 233, 236
3rd Congress, 298, 312, 317, 325, 326, 328
4th Congress, 369
5th Congress, 377, 391, 418, 420, 436
6th Congress, lxxx
debate style, lvi–lvii, lxxiv, cxvi, 377, 378–80, 380, 383, 384, 388, 417
lodgings
1st Congress, xxviii, 79, 80, 83
2nd Congress, lxxxvii, 155, 156, 164, 198, 224
3rd Congress, 324–27 passim, 332
4th Congress, 162–63, 361, 529
5th Congress, lxxviii, 385, 386, 389, 392–93, 397–98, 401, 414
6th Congress, 442, 443, 444, 462, 463, 464, 467
private journal of debates, xlv, 136
role in
extending post roads, 162, 165, 170
federal district development, lxxxvii
government expenditures, 129
impost duties, 132
invalid pensions list, 322
Naturalization Bill (1794), 582
printing XYZ Papers, 415
social life
Abigail Adams’s drawing room, 396, 435
aversion to, lxxxviii–lxxxix, 79, 87, 198, 361–62, 392–93, 394, 399, 464, 472
dinners, lxv, 9–10, 36, 148, 232, 331, 400–01, 467, 470, 581
salons, 363
Washington’s birthday, 256, 347, 367
speeches on
call for Jay Treaty papers, 353–54
congressional pay, 94
discrimination among public creditors, 99
Foreign Intercourse Bill (1798), 404, 413
Griswold-Lyon Affair, 406, 408
immigration and naturalization, lxxiii
leaked diplomatic documents, lxxi–lxxii
molasses duty, lix
national flag, lv–lvi
newspaper coverage of debates, lvii, xciv
nomination of House Clerk, 372
printing of Alien and Sedition Acts, lxxiv
procedural handling of petitions, lxi, lxx–lxxi, 398
Quasi-War mobilization, 417, 424–25
reply to state of union address, 375, 377–78
right of petitioning, lxx–lxxi
rules and procedures, lvi–lvii
The West, lxxiv
votes on
amendments to the Constitution, liv–lv, 161
antislavery petition, 592
assumption of state debts, 107
Blount impeachment, 392
call for Jay Treaty papers, 352, 353, 354
call for XYZ Papers, 411
Defense of Frontiers Act (1792), 204
discrimination among public creditors, 99
disputed election in Ga., 211
election of Speaker (1799), 443
embargo (1794), 307
Fugitive Slave Act (1793), 582
funding for Jay Treaty, 355, 357
Griswold-Lyon Affair, 405–06, 408
Militia Act (1792), 206
newspaper access to debates, xciv
power of removal, liv
Quasi-War mobilization, 425
reply to state of union address, 465
Salaries-Legislative Act (1789), 94
Sedition Act (1798), lxxi
taxes and duties, 289
Thatcher (Thacher), George Jr., 198, 226, 610
career, 209
childhood behavior, xxxvii, 479
dancing school, 408, 440, 441, 447
executor of GT’s will, cxv
inheritance of, cxv
at Maine constitutional convention, cv
Unitarian leadership by, cx, cxi
Thatcher (Thacher), Henry Savage, 299, 447, 610–11
correspondence with, xxxvi
education of, lxvi
as family historian, lxxxi, civ
on Madison Administration, xcvii
naming of, 252
portrait of, 539
Thatcher (Thacher), Jane Cooper De Metris Savage, 533, 611
Thatcher (Thacher), Jane Scammon, 611
Thatcher (Thacher), Josiah (son), cix, 443, 447, 454, 524, 611
Thatcher (Thacher), Lewis (son), 252, 299, 346, 348, 447, 611
Thatcher (Thacher), Lucy Bigelow (daughter in law), 610
Thatcher (Thacher), Lucy Miranda Bancroft, 610
Thatcher (Thacher), Lucy Savage (daughter), 447, 525, 526, 536, 611
education, 475–76
inquiries about, 225
pasttimes, 441
Thatcher (Thacher), Mary Goodrich, marriage of, 611
Thatcher (Thacher), Nancy Bigelow (daughter), 483, 535, 537, 538, 594–95, 611
Thatcher (Thacher), Samuel Phillips Savage, 611
behavior, xxxvii, xlii, 6, 23, 77–78, 83
characterized, 24, 114, 372, 411, 457
correspondence with, 59, 251, 325, 393, 395, 412, 431, 445, 447, 455, 456, 457, 472, 474–75
education and upbringing, xx, xxxviii, xl, 42–43, 68, 73, 75, 95, 226, 339, 420
executor of GT’s will, cxv
health, 434, 435, 461, 466, 467, 468–69, 471, 472, 473, 474, 483
inheritance, cxv
letter writing, 376
letters to, printed, 23–24, 60–63
naming of, 43
schooling, 225, 298, 325, 327, 334, 408, 440, 441
Thatcher (Thacher), Sarah (Sally) Bigelow (daughter), cvi, 23, 83, 484, 611
behavior, xxxvii, xlii, 26, 69, 82, 83, 335
correspondence with, 360, 396, 441, 457, 458, 466, 468, 471
dancing school, 408, 432, 440, 441
education and upbringing, 42–43, 68, 75, 226, 227, 360, 447, 459, 470
special affection for, 6, 12, 27
Thatcher (Thacher), Sarah Savage, 68, 607, 608, 611–12
affection for, lxxxix
characterized, xxvii–xxviii, 227, 238
correspondence with, xxii, xxvii–xxviii, xxix, xxxv–xxxvi, xxxviii, xlii–xliii, lxii, lxxviii, lxxxi, lxxxiii, lxxxiv, lxxxv, lxxxviii, cxiii, cxiv, 4, 23, 24, 60, 114, 121–22, 166, 240, 243, 244, 252, 284, 299, 327, 373, 374, 375, 393, 394, 401, 402, 465, 485, 526
correspondents, xxvii
greetings to and from, 66, 69, 148, 525
handwriting, 233
health, 41, 153, 207, 209, 225, 251, 252, 375, 376, 377, 403, 404–05, 441, 468, 469, 470, 471, 473, 483, 528, 535
mental, xxviii, 12, 52, 78, 79–80, 86–87, 96, 231, 413–14
household finances, 166, 225, 231, 234, 236, 296, 298, 326, 331, 334, 335, 340, 346, 359, 362, 364, 365, 377, 393, 400, 402, 404, 408, 412, 414, 418, 420, 426, 432, 433, 435, 437, 440, 446, 447, 452, 453, 455, 458, 466, 470, 471, 473, 476
household management, xxix, xxxix–xl, xli, lxxxvi, 10, 131, 224, 226, 244, 257, 298, 339, 347, 369, 378, 392, 414, 416, 420, 437
influence of, cviii–cix
inquiries about, 342
letter-writing style, 327, 334, 431, 432
letters from, xxxviii, xlii, 11, 535
letters from, acknowledged, 5, 12, 35, 41, 50, 56, 75, 78, 81, 83, 86, 96, 225, 232, 235, 243, 296, 376, 427, 430, 431, 434, 441, 443, 445, 447, 454, 458, 459, 466, 467, 473, 479, 481
letters to, facsimile, 48
letters to, printed, 4–6, 9–12, 24–59, 73–96, 166–67, 197–98, 223–26, 231–38, 243–44, 256–57, 296–98, 324–47, 359–77, 391–485 passim, 523–28, 532–33, 536–40
marriage of, xxvi–xxix
parenting, xlii, lxxxi, 43, 392, 420, 442
physical description, 41
political role, xli–xlii, 44, 51, 52, 54, 57
on Samuel Phillips Savage Thatcher, 372
social life, xcvii, 75, 452, 453, 457
dances, 27, 225–26, 227, 232, 234, 440
“Sweeten-Water Club,” 78
visits, xxvii, xxviii, xlii, 9, 37, 42, 51, 52, 78, 80, 92, 96, 122, 140, 207, 209, 224, 228, 232, 250, 251, 334, 377, 433, 435, 462, 607
travel, xc, 33, 36, 39, 41, 455, 525, 526, 528, 534, 536
Thatcher, Samuel, election to Congress, xc
Theater, xcviii, xcix, 101, 104, 450, 538
Theft, legal sanctions against, 554
Theobold, Philip, correspondence with, lxii
Theocracies, study of, 142–43
Theological Repository (London), 501
de-mystification of, lvii, 338
polemics, xxii, lxxxii, 517, 541
study of, xcix, c, 109–10, 111, 494
Thomas, Isaiah, correspondence with, 136
Thomaston, Maine, proprietors in, 603
Thompson, David, army commission for, 321, 322
Thompson, Samuel, antifederalism of, lii
Thomson, Charles, reports by, 45–46
Thoreau, Henry David, 2
Ticknor, George, 528
Tiebout, Cornelius, engravings by, 79
Tillard, John, 510
Tinsmiths, cii
Titcomb, Benjamin Jr., xlv, 612
letter to, printed, 211–13
Tithes, 144
“Citizen,” lvi, 232, 378 (See also Genêt, Edmond-Charles)
political role of, 273
Tobacco and snuff, consumption of, 80, 517
Tocqueville, Alexis de, lxxv, 165
Tocsin, The (Hallowell, Me.), 613
Tolerance, religious, 571
Tonnage duties, collection of, 91, 116
Topsham, Maine, residents of, lii, xci, 600
Tories. See Loyalists
Totten, John R., genealogical research of, civ
Toulon, France, siege of, 254, 255, 269, 272, 273
Town meetings, 556
criticism of, 273
as voice of the people, 194–95
See also Boston, Massachusetts; Portland (Falmouth), Maine
Townsend, John, indebtedness to, 346, 359
Trade and commerce
books about, 163
encouragement of, 563
growth of, 260
GT’s ignorance of, lix, lxiii, 94, 264
news carried by, 163–64
as political tool, 306
post office’s impact on, 162, 164, 172
speeches on, lix
See also Algerine Pirates; countries, trade with; names of places
Trade policy, U.S., 91
Madison’s resolutions on, 253, 255, 261, 262, 271–72, 282–83, 574, 578
House action on, 249, 250, 259–60, 264, 267
means of altering, 272
non-intercourse, 291, 293, 295, 296
See also Embargoes
Trade, carrying, attacks on, 245, 246, 248–49
Trade, coasting, exempted from embargoes, 276, 511
Transcendentalism, writings about, 533
Transmigration of souls (Metempsychosis), 516, 519
Transportation, 300, 369. See also modes of travel
Transubstantiation, 77
burdens of, lxxxvi, lxxxvii, 478
hardships of, cxii, 32, 33, 153, 339, 461, 462, 466, 472, 475
See also modes of travel
Travelogues, 179–80
suspicions of, lxxi–lxxii, 558, 560, 561, 574
Treasurer of U.S., payments by, 359
Treasury Department, 348
corruption of, 249–50
Treaties of Basel (1795), 353
Treaties, study of, 569
Treaty of Canandaigua (1794), 324
Treaty of El Escorial (1790), 141
Treaty of Neufchatel (1794), 336–37
Treaty of New York (1790), 141
Treaty of Paris (1783), 123, 546, 593, 601
Treaty-making power, 29, 354, 356
Trevett, Richard, recommendation for office, 93, 94
Trier, France, military operations in, 329
Trinity, doctrine of (Trinitarianism), 133, 536
corrupting influence of, 515
errors of, 498
rejection of, 493–94, 494–95, 509, 543
Tripoli, pirates at, 245
Trumbull, Jonathan, breaks tie as Speaker, 211
Truth, elusiveness of, xxxvii–xxxviii
Truxton, Thomas, medal for, 455, 456
Tucker, John, correspondence with, xlviii
Tucker, Joseph, lxi, 93, 327, 612
Tucker, St. George, Dissertation on Slavery, 590, 592–93
Tucker, Thomas Tudor, on constituent relations, liii–liv
Tunis, pirates at, 245
Turner, George, resignation of, lxxxix
Turner, John, lxvii–lxviii, ciii, cx
Tuscarora Indians, delegation from, 210
Tutors, cv–cvi, 299, 465, 600, 605, 612
Tyng, Dudley Atkins, xci, xcvii, cix, 206, 234, 612
correspondence with, xxi–xxii, xlviii, 171, 206
letters to, printed, 171–72, 205
Tyng, Elizabeth Ross, 294
Tyngsborough, Massachusetts, 612
Type (printing), manufacturing of, 131
Tyrannicide (ship), xxiii
· U ·
demands upon (fiscal), 160, 203
importance to, 104
supremacy of, 17
threats to, 160
Unitarian Church and movement, cx, 344, 515, 549
as “the Boston religion,” 536, 540
clergy, 353, 358, 519, 533, 542, 543
development of, xxiii–xxiv, xliv, xlvi, lxvi, ciii, cx, 213–16, 222, 288, 540–43, 598, 599
GT’s leadership of, lxvi–lxvii, cxi
popular opposition to, 214, 216, 340, 341–42, 540–41
and qualifications for public office, lxv, lxxxv
scriptural sources of, 217, 220, 221
See also Socinianism
Unitarian Miscellany and Christian Monitor (Baltimore), cxi
United States
characterized as Christian, 572
demographics, religious, 145
economy, growth of, 260
greatness of, 62
reputation, 590
territory, extent of, 7, 123, 210
as “Zion,” 323
Universal Chronicle (London), item printed in, 362
Universalist Church and movement, cxi, 549
opposition to, 341
tenets, 158
University of Pennsylvania, lectures delivered at, 364, 365
Usher, James, writings, c
Utilitarianism, 110
· V ·
Valmy (France), Battle of (1792), 229
Van Cortlandt, Philip, seating plan of, 350
Vanity, 59
Varnum, Joseph B., cii, 357, 417, 452, 612
correspondence with, xcvi–xcvii, 357, 402
on public service, cviii
relations with, lxxii–lxxiii, xciv–xcv
votes on Jay Treaty, 355
Vaughan, Benjamin, 485
Vaughan, Samuel, 288
Vaughan, Sarah Manning, greetings to and from, 484, 485
Vermont. See also New England states; Northern states
Vermont (New Hampshire Grants), lv–lvi, 335, 604
Vermont congressional delegation, role in balloting for president (1801), 478
Vice President, lv, 476, 576. See also Adams, John; President of the Senate; Salaries-Executive Act (1789)
Vice, allure of, 175–76
Vienna, Austria, British diplomats in, 243
Virginia, 169, 450, 594, 602, 612
conditions, 186
members of, 599, 604, 605, 606, 613
Report of 1800, 575–76, 578–79
parties and factions, 394, 451, 578
post roads, 173
public opinion on augmentation of army, 191
ratification in, 21–22, 30, 31, 594, 605
revenue officers, state, 606
roads, 472
seat of government, permanent, in, lviii
separation from Kentucky, 193, 197
See also names of towns; Southern states
Virginia and Kentucky Resolves, 575–76, 577, 578
Virginia congressional delegation, 11, 173, 599
role in assumption of state debts, lviii
“Virginia System” of government administration, 356, 357
Wabash River, Ohio, hostilities along, 165
Wadsworth, Jeremiah, on Roger Sherman, 182
Wadsworth, John (Jack), 454
Wadsworth, Peleg, 462, 600, 612–13
characterized, lxxxiii
constituent relations, 289, 321
correspondence with, xlix, xcv
elections of, lxxvii, 230, 236
on Jefferson Administration, xcv
relations with, 250, 332, 372–73, 454, 457
signatory to circular letter, 452
Wadsworth, Zilpha, visits with, 457
Wait, Elizabeth Smith, 528, 613
Wait, Louisa, 528
Wait, Mary, 528
Wait, Rebecca, 528
Wait, Silas Lee, 236
Antifederalism of, xlvi
books supplied by, ci, 339, 367
comments on
Adams, John, 526
Cabot, George, 120
constituent relations, lii–liii
Dexter, Samuel, 597
Federalists, xcvii
GT’s character, xcviii–xcix, cxvi, cxvii
GT’s health, cxii, cxiii–cxiv
GT’s judgeship, xciii
GT’s move to Massachusetts, cviii–cix
Hartford Convention, xcviii
King, William, cvi
merchants, political role of, lx
Missouri Compromise, 522–23
Otis, Harrison Gray, 587
ratification of the Constitution, l–lii
religion, xlvi–xlvii, 216, 508, 509, 531–32
Salaries-Legislative Act (1789), 94
The West, lxxvi
correspondence with, vi, xix, xxxvii–xxxviii, xlii–xliii, xlvi, lix, lxxxvi, xcv, cxv, 12, 105, 111, 118, 189, 213–14, 331, 499
health, cxiii
letters from, acknowledged, 109, 137, 187
letters from, printed, 214–15
letters to, printed, 109–11, 120–22, 137–38, 187–88, 529–31
likemindedness of, xcviii
political role of, 235–36, 612
relations with, xxix, xlv–xlviii, lxxvi, 11, 137, 236, 527
reports on Thatcher family, 23
travels, 528
Waldo Patent, Maine, 603
Waldo, Samuel, role in Unitarian movement, 214, 216
Wales, Great Britain, Unitarianism in, 519
Wallabout Bay, Brooklyn, New York, 63
Wallace, Robert, as landlord, lxxviii, 326, 443
Wallingsford, Connecticut, clergy in, 180, 181, 182
Waln, Robert, motions by, 588, 589, 591–92
Walpole, Horace, writings of, 529, 531
Waltham, Massachusetts, travel to and from, 326
War and conflict, 89, 104, 287, 292
characterized, 210
evils of, xcvi, 29, 261, 263, 265, 278, 280, 282, 283, 285, 302, 313, 366
predicted obsolescence, 534
states created by, 560
War Crisis (1794)
deescalation of, 285, 291, 293–94
predictions about, 281, 300, 304, 312
prospects of, 253, 261, 263, 269, 273, 274, 278, 279–80, 282, 286, 296
public opinion on, 271, 278, 283, 287
War Crisis (1798)
deescalation of, lxxviii–lxxix, 438
mobilization for, lxx, 411, 417, 418, 424, 425, 433, 435
predictions about, 413–14, 415, 416–17, 419, 427, 430
responses to, lxxxii
See also Quasi-War with France
War of 1812
conduct of, cv, cxii, 510, 511
eyewitness to, xcvii
opinion on, xcvi–xcvii, 357, 550, 574
preparedness for, 577
War of the First Coalition, 229, 296, 400
armistice, prospects of, 304–05, 316–17, 351–52
French victories in, 254, 272, 279, 286, 287, 291–92, 308, 323, 329, 336, 419
impact on U.S., 246–47, 248–49, 261, 265, 269, 273, 374
U.S. neutrality in, 242, 260–61, 366
uncertainty about, 227, 295–96, 303, 313–14
See also countries; names of battles
Warburton, William, writings of, 508, 509–10
Wardrobe, Elizabeth Haven, 525, 537
letter to, printed, 534–35
See also Thatcher (Thacher), Elizabeth Haven Wardrobe
Ware, Henry, xxi
Unitarian leadership of, cx, 520
Warren, John, 178
correspondence with, lxii
Warren, Mercy Otis, relations with, civ
Warren, Sir John, naval actions by, 440
Warville, Jacques Pierre Brissot de, 182, 581, 587
Washington County, Maine, 177
Washington County, Pennsylvania, protests from, 169
characterized, 481
development of, lxxxvii–lxxxviii, 468
letters addressed to, 510–11, 521–22
letters written from, 461–81 passim
living conditions, lxxxix, 462, 463, 467, 468, 469
mail delivery, 477
members’ opinion of, 465
newspapers, xcv
physical description, 463–64
roads, 388, 464, 465, 467, 475
taverns and boardinghouses, 462, 463, 465, 477, 481
tourists to, 338
travel to and from, lxxxvii, 479
weather, 462, 464, 466–67, 467, 471, 475, 476, 478
See also Capitol; White House
characterized, 160, 241, 313, 361, 367, 368, 578
comparisons with, lxxx–lxxxi, 451
death and funeral of, 445, 454
dress style, 361
opinion on
Adams Administration, 576
Democratic Societies, 275
presidency
Cabinet deliberations, 340
communications with Congress, 146, 147, 149, 155, 158, 160, 165–66, 167, 189, 203, 240–41, 242, 264, 266, 277, 281, 300, 315, 324
Farewell Address, 360
impeachment, proposed, 354
multiplicity of business, 212
“official family,” 258
petitions, 211
praise for, 323
state of the union addresses, 158, 160, 232, 238, 241, 242, 328, 330, 331, 359–60, 361
veto, 171
in public art, 159–60, 161, 379
public opinion on, lxix, 309, 328, 338, 345, 435
public speaking style, 238, 330
relations with
Jay, John, 266
King, Rufus, 266
Massachusetts congressional delegation, 368, 369
residences
roles
commander in chief (1798), 435
corruption investigation, 206
foreign affairs, 241, 374, 550
Genêt’s recall, 263
Indian wars, 209–10
Jay Treaty, 306, 347, 352, 353
social life, 347
birthday observances, 256, 345, 366, 367–68
visits, 243
in Society of the Cincinnati, 10
subscriber to publication, 165
Washington, Martha Dandridge Custis, 470, 613
social life, lxxxviii, 256, 345, 368
Waterhouse, Benjamin, 178, 540, 541, 542, 543
Waterston, Pray, & Co., and Henry Thacher, lxxxii
Waterston, Robert C., GT letters collected by, lxxxii
Watertown, Massachusetts, residents of, civ–cv, 198
Watkinson, David, 443
Watters, James, death of, 421
Watts, Isaac, writings of, 138
Wayne, “Mad Anthony”
disputed election of, 207, 208, 211
relations with Indians, 267, 287, 289, 324
Ways and means, “grand committee” on (1794), 287, 289, 293
Weather
characterized, 396
conditions, 223
political impact of, liii
See also names of places
Weavers, as lighthouse keepers, 212
Webber, Samuel, xxi
Webster, Nathaniel, lxvii, 334, 335, 431
Webster, Noah, family of, 536
Webster, Peletiah, writings of, 8, 98
Weekly Magazine (Philadelphia), subscription to, 421
Weights and measures, system of, importance of, 160
Wells, dangers of, 89
Wells, Maine
churches, 359
local officeholders, 613
post office, 158
Wells, Nathaniel, 209, 230, 337, 613
candidacy of, lxii–lxiii, 69, 139, 140–41, 329
correspondence with, 91, 203, 204
letters to, printed, 203–204
Wells, William, ciii
Wesley, John, students of, 149
West Hartford, Connecticut, residents, 609
West Indies (Caribbean), c, 274
shipping detained in, 295, 304, 364
trade with, lix, 122, 231, 276, 284, 306, 321, 329, 364, 365
See also names of islands
West Indies, British, 288, 485, 600
shipping detained in, 273, 281, 284, 300
U.S. agents and diplomats at, 274, 300, 301
West Indies, Dutch, prize ships taken to, 281
West Indies, French
British conquest of, 271, 273, 276, 280, 284, 291, 316
defense of, 286–87
emancipation in, 593
West-Indian, The (play), 27
access to, 164
characterized, lxxiv, lxxvi–lxxvii
defense of, 149, 160, 188, 191
ignorance about, 29
political role of, lxxvi
settlement of, lxii, lxxvi, 66, 123, 586
See also Frontier; Kentucky; Northwest Territory
Westfield, Connecticut, residents of, 40
Westfield, Massachusetts, farmers of, 465
Westford, Massachusetts, residents of, 610
Westminster Assembly Catechism, 506, 509
Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, protests from, 169
Weston, Massachusetts, 154, 237, 607, 608, 611
letters addressed to, 38–40, 153–54
Savage home in, xxvii
travel to and from, 32, 33, 35, 36, 153, 223, 224, 237, 436
Weymouth, Massachusetts, residents of, 593
Whales, abundance of, 28
Wheat, price of, 265
Wheaton, Joseph, 326
House sergeant at arms, 372
Whigs, in American Revolution, xxiii, xxiv, 13
Whiskey Rebellion, 323–24
Whiston, William, writings of, ci
White House (President’s House), Washington, D.C., lxxxvii, 464, 465, 593
White, Bishop William, at ceremonial dinner, 436
White, James, writings of, 367
Whitman, Elizabeth, 39–40, 40, 47
Whitman, Ezekiel, 613–14
on Madison Administration, xcv
Whittier, Ebenezer, 196
Widgery, William, lii, 156, 614
correspondence with, 91, 155, 197, 199
letters to, printed, 155–56, 199–202
relations with, xxxiv, li, 230
identified, xxix, cix, 80, 116, 198, 239, 242, 335, 535, 540, 602, 610
Wilberforce, William, writings of, 492, 500
Wilde, Samuel S., 525, 526, 536
William V (Holland), 337
Williams, Henry, vi
Williams, Lemuel, signatory to circular letter, 452
Williams, Obediah, correspondence with, xlviii
Williamsburg, Virginia, law students at, 605
Williamson, Hugh, and assumption of state debts, 107
Wilmington, North Carolina, 271, 315
Winchester, Elhanan, relations with, 342, 344–45
Winchester, Massachusetts, clergy at, 537
Windsor, Connecticut, residents of, 272
Wine and alcohol, 10
consumption of, lxiv, 38, 80, 367, 473, 513, 517
Madeira, 36
Wingate, Joshua, at state constitutional convention, cviii
Wingate, Snell, petition of, 425
Winslow, Edward Jr., civ
Winslow, Isaac, writings if, civ
Winslow, Maine, physician in, xlviii
Wiscasset, Maine, xxxii, cxii, 78, 602, 603
letters written from, 483–85
post office, 162, 163, 170, 173, 190, 192, 196
revenue collection at, 94, 206
Wissembourg, Battle of (1794), 281
Witches, books on, 239
Witham, Elizabeth (Betsey), ciii, 437
roles, xxxvi, xl, xli, 457, 458, 459
See also Marriage
Wolcott, Oliver, Jr., 331, 340
Wollstonecraft, Mary, 451
admiration for, xxxviii, 446, 449–50
Women
behavioral norms, 56, 80, 82, 176, 232, 251, 348, 363–64
education of, xxxix, xcix, 39, 59, 83, 393, 457, 458, 459
portraits of, 448
in “Republican Court,” 396
travel conditions for, 33, 537
Wood shingles, exportation of, lxiii
Wood, Abiel, marriage of, 602
Woodman, John, 614
letters to, printed, 423–24
Woodward, Mr. (Weston, Mass.), 436
Wool cards, impost on, 130–33, 135
Worcester, Massachusetts, 136, 327
letter written from, 536–37
proposed state capital site, li
travel to and from, 32, 325, 536
Worcester, Samuel, 516, 519–20, 533
Worship, public, 32, 48, 49, 227, 343
GT’s attendance at, lxv, 34–35, 148–49, 166, 167, 237, 341, 343, 351, 362, 436–37, 536, 566
importance of, lxxvi, cvii–cviii, 32, 34, 433
legislative regulation of, lxvi, 548, 552–54, 563
neglect of, lxiv, 25, 32, 156, 614
social uses for, 513, 518, 538, 545
Writs, 323
Wyandot Indians, hostilities with, 166
Wyndham, William, Lord Grenville, diplomatic correspondence of, 349
Wythe, George, 593
· X ·
Yale University, 182
attenders, xxxii, 30, 80, 239, 520, 529, 543, 599, 609
“Yankees,” 2
Yarmouth, Massachusetts, xxiv, civ
GT’s early life in, xxv, xcii, 112–14
letters addressed to, 115
residents, 2, 40, 116, 607, 610, 611
settlement of, xviii
Thacher family at, 443
travel to and from, 114
Yeomanry, praise of, xix
York Bank, cashier of, 611
York Bridge (Me.), 158, 161, 169
York County, Maine, 337
3rd federal elections in, lxviii
annexation by New Hampshire, 208, 209
post office, 209
religious prejudices in, 67
York, Duke of, 336
1st federal election in, 66, 69
2nd federal election in, 138–39, 140–41
6th federal election in, 439
GT’s farm in, cix
GT’s settlement in, xxvi
letters addressed to, 7–8, 36–38, 64–69, 96–98, 207–09, 246–47, 327–29, 336–37, 348–55, 390–91, 408–10, 438, 449–50
post office, 158
public opinion on separation from Massachusetts, 195
residents of, xliv, ciii, 5, 69, 594, 595, 602, 608, 609, 612
revenue collection in, 93, 94, 612
travel to and from, 36, 228, 432
Yorktown, Battle of (1781), 335
Youth, 532
characterized, 112, 113, 115, 152, 499
moral education of, 175–76