PREFACE

1. This and the following letters quoted in this article are from the volume marked “Hollis Letters and Papers 1718 to 1774” in the Harvard College Library. Some of them were printed in part and inaccurately by Quincy in his History of Harvard University (1840).

2. College Book iv. 75–76.

3. Joshua Gee, born in Boston in 1698, graduated from Harvard in 1717, and was Librarian 1721–1722. He resigned at the time the above vote was passed. In 1723, he was ordained pastor of the Old North (Second) Church as colleague of Cotton Mather. He died in 1748. He was instrumental in founding a library for the use of his church.

4. College Book iv. 80.

5. Catalogus librorum Bibliothecæ Collegij Harvardini quod est Cantabrigiæ in Nova Anglia. Bostoni Nov-Anglorum: Typis B. Green, academiæ typographi. MDCCXXIII.

6. John Whiting, born in Lynn January 20, 1681, graduated from Harvard in 1700 and was Librarian from 1703 to 1706. He was ordained minister in Concord in 1712 and remained there until his death in 1752.

7. College Book iv. 2.5.

8. Nathaniel Gookin, born in Cambridge April 15, 1687, graduated from Harvard in 1703, Librarian 1707–1709. In 1710 he became the minister at Hampton, N. H., where he died in 1734.

9. College Book iv. 36.

10. College Book iii. 26.

11. London: 1709. 6 vols. 8vo

12. London: 1720. 2 vols. 4to.

13. London Feb. 21. 1723/4

Recd by Capt Barlow

96. Catalogues of the College library to be distributed

1. 6. to Iohn Chamberlaine Esq^e I sent my man with them but he brought them back with Answer, he was dead about 4 Months.
   • Thomas Hollis hath distributed alreddy 18. Viz

I hope in the sequell you will reape the fruite

London Feb. 24. 1723/4

14. May 16, 1724.

15. History of Harvard University, i. 526.

16. Jeremiah Dummer, a graduate of Harvard in 1699, had been sent to London as colonial agent in 1710. Several years before the date of this letter, he had, apparently under the influence of Cotton Mather, endeavored to divert Hollis’s bounty from Harvard to the newly established college at New Haven.

17. William Dummer, then Lieutenant-Governor.

18. Rev. Jeremiah Hunt, of London, friend and adviser of Hollis.

19. Lethered was captain of a ship by which Hollis frequently sent letters and packages to New England.

20. Thomas Guy (1645?–1724).

21. For the teaching of French at Harvard College before 1750, see our Publications, xvii. 119–120, 216–230.

22. P. Bayle. Dictionnaire Historique et Critique. Rotterdam: 1720. 4 vols, folio, was among Hollis’s earlier gifts.

23. John Hancock, Librarian 1723–1726, was born in 1702, and graduated in 1719. He was minister at Braintree from 1726 until his death in 1744. He was the father of Governor John Hancock.

24. College Book iv. 102.

25. The Librarians of Harvard College 1667–1877 by Alfred Claghorn Potter and Charles Knowles Bolton. (Bibliographical Contributions, no. 52.) Cambridge: 1897.

26. James Diman, a graduate of 1730, was Librarian from 1735 to 1737. From this year until his death in 1788, he was pastor of the Second, or East, Church in Salem.

27. Edward Wigglesworth, first Hollis Professor of Divinity.

28. College Book iv. 180–181.

29. Id. iv. 188.

30. Id. iv. 225.

31. Logically the moral should read: “. . . and when they perceive that the falsehood will be discovered, then they should remember this child and . . .”—Note by the translator.

32. 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xvii. 340–352: F. B. Dexter, Historical Papers (1918), pp. 102–115.

33. In the form of Cambridge degrees (“A.B.” rather than “B.A.”, etc.), the compiler has followed the Book of Matriculations and Degrees, 1544–1659 (1913); Cantabrigieases Graduati, 1659–1800 (1800); and Graduati Cantabrigienses, 1800–1864 (1864).

34. It has been stated that the Rev. John Woodbridge of Andover and Newbury studied at Oxford, and that Sir Henry Vane the younger of Boston attended Magdalen College, but their matriculations are not of record. John Prince of Hull, though his matriculation is not recorded, doubtless was a student at Oxford about 1626–1628.

35. Cf. Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, 1574–1660, p. 112.

36. The Richard Harris who died at Cambridge, Mass., on August 29, 1644, is sometimes identified with the Richard Harris who matriculated at New College, Oxford, in 1636; but this is an error, since it has recently been proved that the Richard Harris of New College was living in 1662.

37. New Hampshire Provincial Papers, vii. 47.

38. The text in substantially the same form is found in the Corporation Records, College Book, vii. 120–121.

39. College Book, vii. 112, 113.

40. Rev. Joseph Sewall (H. C. 1707).

41. Rev. Edward Wigglesworth (H. C. 1710).

42. Thomas Hubbard (H. C. 1721).

43. College Book, vii. 113–114.

44. College Book, vii. 114–115.

45. Rev. Charles Chauncy (H. C. 1721), John Winthrop (H. C. 1732), Rev. Andrew Eliot (1737), Rev. Samuel Cooper (H. C. 1743).

46. College Book, vii. 117.

47. College Book, vii. 118.

48. Rev. Nathaniel Appleton (H. C. 1712)

49. College Book, vii. 119.

50. There is a notice of George Frost (1720–1796) in Appletons’ Cyclopaedia of American Biography.

51. H. C. 1715.

52. The original Stoughton College, built in 1698, taken down in 1781.

53. On June 3, 1669, the Overseers directed how this gift should be disposed of: see College Book, iii. 53–54.

54. Theodore Atkinson (H. C. 1757). He was a son of Theodore Atkinson (H. C. 1718).

55. Henry Sherburne (H. C. 1728).

56. vii. 47.

57. New Hampshire Provincial Papers, vii. 51.

58. Id. vii. 53–54.

59. New Hampshire Provincial Papers, vii. 54.

60. Id. vii. 55.

61. College Book, vii. 132.

62. New Hampshire Provincial Papers, vii. p. 67. But the Editor states that “this letter cannot now be found.”

63. Rev. Andrew Eliot (H. C. 1737).

64. The books given by the Province of New Hampshire no longer occupy an alcove by themselves, but are distributed according to subject. The book-plates, however, still bear the Latin inscription as above, indicating their source.

65. Theodore Atkinson (H. C. 1718).

66. Harvard College Papers, ii. 112.

67. Benning Wentworth (1696–1770) graduated from Harvard College in 1715 being one of eighteen graduates and ranking fifth, according to the social standing given to students at that period.

68. In the charter the name of the town is spelled as is the governor’s surname, but it has come down in history as Barnard, and suggests the query whether the accepted spelling does not follow the phonetic form of the governor’s name at that period. Some of the governor’s contemporaries wrote his name Barnard, which would give weight to the theory that Bernard in colonial days was pronounced so as to sound like Barnard.

69. Though then residing in Cambridge, Holyoke was a Bostonian by birth.

70. Probably an error for Byfield Lyde.

71. It is an interesting fact that there is in Boston to-day a man named Benning Wentworth who is a collateral descendant of the New Hampshire governor, and he has a son also named Benning Wentworth, thus carrying on the name of this sturdy colonial figure.

72. Mr. Eliot (1761–1827; H. C. 1780) was the son of the Rev. Dr. Andrew Eliot (H. C. 1737). For other extracts from the same source, see our Publications, xviii. 54–62, 77–78, xix. 290–295.

73. Seth Hudson was born in Lexington, but later lived in Marlboro.

74. Joshua Howe was born in Sudbury, but at the time was living in Westmoreland, n. H.

75. In the New England Magazine for July, 1832 (iii. 1–7), is an account of Nathaniel Hurd, the first of two unsigned articles called “Early American Artists and Mechanics.” Perhaps these were posthumous papers by Mr. Eliot (who died in 1827); but if not, then the author had access to Mr. Eliot’s commonplace-book, for the description of the Hudson print is almost word for word identical with the description in our text. Cf. p. 49 note 1, below.

76. This sentence in the New England Magazine reads: “The Doctor is represented as addressing the multitude in the following speech, which is said to have been written by the celebrated wit and poet, Joseph Green” (iii. 6). Joseph Green was in the Harvard class of 1726.

77. On February 4, 1768, the House appointed a committee to prepare a circular letter, and on the 11th the committee reported a letter to the House. On June 21 Gov. Bernard sent a message to the House requiring it “to rescind the resolution . . . in consequence of which a circular letter had been sent to the several assemblies upon the continent.” On June 30th the House, by a division of 92 to 17, refused to rescind the resolution. See our Publications, viii. 95 note 1. The number 92, like Wilkes’s number 45, at once became famous, and the two were often coupled together, as in the following amusing passage: “We are pleased to hear from a neighbouring Colony, that the glorious Cause of Liberty is adhered to in the strictest Manner; that it has a Tendency to reconcile all intestine Party Disputes, and unite every Sect and Denomination in Religion: As an instance of this Truth, a Gentleman of the Presbyterian Persuasion aged just 45, was on Sunday last married to a Quaker Lady of great Fortune, of the same Age; it is also remarkable that this Gentleman is her 45th Suiter; they are determin’d to name their first Son Forty-Five and their first Daughter Ninety-Two” (Boston Gazette, January 30, p. 3/2).

78. Timothy Ruggles (1711–1795; H. C. 1732) was of Hardwick, not Worcester.

79. The second of the two articles referred to above (p. 41 note 1), printed in the New England Magazine for October, 1832 (iii. 305–314), is an account of Paul Revere. The description there given of the plate of “A Warm Place—Hell” is almost word for word identical with the description in our text. But the first two sentences in this paragraph read thus in the New England Magazine: “A copy of this print fell by accident, many years ago, into the hands of a gentleman of our acquaintance, who inquired the particulars respecting it of Colonel Revere” (iii. 309).

80. Benjamin Church (H. C. 1754).

81. As Revere was born December 21, 1734, nearly half a century must have elapsed between the making of the plate and Mr. Eliot’s talk with Revere. Hence some inaccuracies in Revere’s statements might not unreasonably be expected. Thus “Dr. Robert Calef” is an error for Dr. John Calef: see our Publications, viii. 95, 96 note, 97 note.

There is another possible inaccuracy of a more serious nature. Did Revere “sketch” the print, as he claimed? At the bottom of the plate are the words: “Pub^d Accord’g to Act by M Darly”—the M and D in the last name being run together in a monogram. In his Life of Colonel Paul Revere (1891, i. 60 note) Elbridge H. Goss, misled by the monogram, stated that the name was “Marly.” In Bryan’s Dictionary of Painters and Engravers (ed. G. C. Williamson, 1903, ii. 11) the name is given as “Matthew Darby.” In S. Redgrave’s Dictionary of Artists (1878, p. 115) is a notice which reads in part as follows:

In Musgrave’s Obituary (ii. 142) appears this: “Darley, Matt., chalcograph. 1775. (MS.).” See also the Dictionary of National Biography.

In a letter to the Editor dated Oxford, October 1, 1922, Dr. Morison writes:

An examination of the Boston Gazette for the last half of the year 1768 fails to disclose any allusion to the caricature.

82. Charles Phelps (1717–1789) was born in Northampton, removed to Hadley about 1743 and thence to New Marlboro, Vermont. His first wife, who died in 1777, was Dorothy Root. His son Charles Phelps, Jr. (1744–1814), married Elizabeth Porter; and his daughter Dorothy married Lemuel Warner. See S. Judd, History of Hadley (1863), pp. 552, 590.

83. The date June 5 is clear: see p. 54 note 2, below.

84. James Bowdoin (H. C. 1745).

85. Samuel Adams (H. C. 1740).

86. Thomas Flucker.

87. Thomas Gage.

88. This word is not plainly written, but is probably “Protest:” see Documentary History of New York, iv. 885–886; H. Hall, History of Vermont, p. 186.

89. Joseph Hawley (1723–1788; Yale 1742).

90. H. C. 1743.

91. Hutchinson left June 1, 1774: cf. our Publications, xvii. 86 note 2; T. Hutchinson, Diary and Letters, i. 152. This portion of the letter must have been written June 2.

92. John Avery (1739–1806; H. C. 1759).

93. Artemas Ward (1727–1800).

94. For a brief account of “The Beginnings of Class Day,” from which it appears that “before 1750 we find class officers, a class oration, a class dinner, and a baccalaureate sermon,” see the Harvard Graduates’ Magazine for June, 1914, xxii. 580–581. The earliest known class dinner took place on May 1, 1764. Mr. Kittredge points out that this song is merely an adaptation of George Alexander Stevens’s “Nunc est Bibendum:” see his Poems, Comic, and Satyrical (Oxford, 1772), pp. 16–18.

95. The autograph reads: “T. Prince. Boston. July 12. 1731.” Of Prince’s notes, only one need be copied. Under date of August 1, 1714, Pointer says: “Died Queen ANNE of blessed Memory, . . . One of the Best of Queens that ever sat upon the British, or any other, Throne, whether we consider Her Exemplary Piety towards God, Her extensive Liberality to the Church, or her unparallel’d Conduct in the State” (ii. 764–765). In the margin is this comment: “Most foolish, stupid, mad & wretched conduct for y^e 4 last years of her Reign.”

96. The only safe assertion at the present time, according to Mr. Matthews, is that the statements on this matter made by President Quincy (History of Harvard University, i. 23, 48, 49 and note, 474, 612), upon which reliance has hitherto been placed, are untrustworthy, and his references to records incomplete and inadequate.

97. The seal is thus interpreted by President Charles F. Thwing: “But apart from specific results the College stood in the community as a monument to the worth of mind. Its seal set forth the ultimate value of truth, a value which a new and a democratic community is in grave peril of forgetting. Its seal also declared ‘Christo et Ecclesiae,’ an ideal which a society obliged daily to toil for daily bread is liable to lose. The college, therefore, represented the continuity of learning and the preciousness of the scholastic and educational tradition. It embodied the supremacy of character as the purpose of spiritual idealism. It stood for life and not for living. It embodied the old cardinal virtues of justice, temperance, and fortitude, and the new cardinal virtues of hope, faith and charity” (History of Higher Education in America, 1906, p. 47).

98. The coincidence of the mottoes of Franeker and Harvard was first noticed, in modern days, by the Rev. Dr. William Fairfield Warren, President Emeritus of Boston University, when in 1858 he was preparing the material for his book, “In the Footsteps of Arminius.” President Warren placed the motto on the verso of the title-page of the Boston University Year Book in 1874 and thereafter for more than thirty years, crediting it to its source in the Franeker Program, confident, as he says in a recent letter, “that the discovery would be pleasing to the authorities of Harvard, and to all lovers of intercollegiate fellowship in good traditions.” The present writer arrived at his knowledge and theory independently.

99. This “Programma” is given in W. B. S. Boeles, Frieslands Hoogeschool en het Rijks Athenaeum te Franeker (1878–1879), i. 431–434, after a copy of the original in the Academy archives which was badly printed by Schotanua (“dat o. a. bij Schotanus zeer slordig is gedrukt”): cf. i. 15 note 2. It is also given in Benthem’s Hollaendischer Kirch- und Schulen-Staat (1698), pp. 18–25. There are variations between the two versions. The passage quoted is from Boeles, i.433; Benthem, p. 24. Boeles has “ad quern; & hoc;” Benthem, “ad quern & hoc.” Boeles has “qua! vno Academia; complectemur nomine;” Benthem, “qua; uno Academics nomine complectimur.” There is a copy of Boeles’s work in the Boston Public Library.

100. The Statutes are given in Boeles, i. 435–445.

101. This plan is reproduced as a frontispiece to Boeles’s first volume.

102. This view is reproduced in Boeles, i. 384, from which the illustration facing page 60 is taken.

103. The name is apparently a relic of the former use of the buildings as a home for the aged and infirm (see Boeles, i. 399); cf. Oxford English Dictionary, under “hospital.”

104. Boeles (i. 397–399) gives a fuller description. For “Platte Grond der gebouwen van het Athenaeum,” see Boeles, i. 394.

105. Boeles (i. 396–397), citing Vriemoet, says:

106. New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (1910), vii. 109.

107. M’Clintock and Strong, Cyclopædia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature (1882), v. 616; J. H. Kurtz, Text-Book of Church History (1888), ii. 214.

108. Visscher, p. 70; Boeles, ii. 93. Regarding Lubbertus, Professor of Theology, see Boeles, ii. 29–34.

109. Charge IX in the “Complaint,” Boeles, i. 481; Visscher, p. 65.

110. The “Complaint,” addressed to Saeckma, is printed in Boeles, i. 479–483: see also Visscher, p. 65. For an account of Saeckma, see Boeles, ii. 5. He was probably called “Tua Amplitudo,” Your Greatness, a mode of address proper for one in his position of Curator.

111. This address is in Dr. Ames’s Disceptatio Scholastica de Circulo Pontificio. A copy of the edition of Leyden, 1633, the first to contain the inaugural address, is in the Prince Collection in the Boston Public Library. From this copy, the title-page and pp. 93–95 are here reproduced in facsimile. The pamphlet consists of: Title, p. [1]; Lectori, p. [2]; Prefatio, pp. 3–6; Text, pp. 7–140. Pp. 93–107 contain the “Oratio Inauguralis.”

The Disceptatio Scholastica de Circulo Pontificio was also published at Amsterdam in 1644. This edition, of which there is a copy in the Boston Public Library, consists of: Title, p. [1]; Lectori, p. [2]; Præfatio, pp. 3–5; Text, pp. 6–105. The Inaugural Oration is on pp. 56–64.

In the same volume with each of these editions there is bound a copy of Dr. Ames’s Rescriptio Scholastica&Brevis Ad Nic. Grevinchovii Responsum, immediately preceding the Disceptatio. In the Prince volume it is dated 1634; in the other it is dated 1658. It is possible that copies of the 1644 edition of the Disceptatio, together with copies of other of Ames’s works of various dates, were bound together in 1658 to make up the edition of his Latin works then published, and that there was no new edition of some of these as generally supposed.

112. Disceptatio Scholastica (1633), pp. 94–95.

113. Regarding Maccovius, see New Schaff-Herzog, vii. 109; Boeles, ii. 90–94; Visscher, 64–71. The Henry E. Huntington Library has a list, furnished by the Library of Congress, of references to Maccovius other than those cited by Schaff-Herzog.

114. “As the Puritan divines of New England were earnest Calvinists, they were in closer touch with the great teachers at Franeker and Leyden than with any equal contemporary group in Oxford and Cambridge, Eng. . . . There could hardly fail to come [to Harvard College] letters or pamphlets bearing the Franeker University seal, with its motto ‘Christo et Ecclesiae.’” (Letter of Rev. Dr. W. F. Warren to Mr. Matthews, April 1, 1921).

115. Oxford English Dictionary; Rev. Robert Shaw, Exposition of the Confession of Faith of the Westminster Assembly of Divines (1846), pp. 284, 286–287.

116. In the theological literature of the seventeenth century the exact combination of words under discussion is not merely rare; it is almost impossible to find, either in Latin or in English. Nor is it easy to find in book titles, two examples only having come to the writer’s notice out of any period: one, a part of a title of a work in manuscript by Matthew Sutcliffe, Dean of Exeter (died 1629); the other very recent. The motto has not been found in an examination of the following standard works, in which personal and corporate mottoes are recorded: W. S. W. Anson, Mottoes & Badges; Chassant & Tausin, Dictionnaire des Devises; C. N. Elvin, Handbook of Mottoes; Fairbairn, Crests; A. C. Fox-Davies, Book of Public Arms; Mrs. Bury Palliser, Historic Devices, Badges, and War-Cries. The nearest that have been found are: Pro Christo, Ecclesia et Grege (Francois Grolleau, Eveque d’Evreux); Pro Deo et Ecclesia (Bishop de Parham). In this examination the mottoes of the English universities and colleges have been seen, but not all of the Continental.

117. According to W. E. Griffis, all the Dutch universities grew out of the public school system, whence the name “Hoogeschool” (Nation, October 14, 1909, lxxxix. 350–351).

118. Boeles, i. 1–23.

119. i. 15.

120. Boeles, i. 436.

121. Rev. Archibald A. Hodge, Commentary on the Confession of Faith (1869), p. 28.

122. See p. 60 note 3, above.

123. Boeles, vol. i. pp. xiii–xviii, “Ongedrukte Bronnen” (unprinted sources), consisting of a mass of documents and correspondence in the provincial archives at Leeuwarden, the record office of the court of justice at Leeuwarden, the Town Hall at Franeker, etc. |Nos. 27–28 in Boeles’s list are collections of letters to or from Franeker professors, noted as in the “archief Gabbema” in the keeping of the “Friesch Genootschap,” and in the possession of “Mr. C. Baron van Breugel Douglas, te’s Hage.” Among the latter are letters referred to as concerning William Ames. The furniture of the Senate chamber was in 1845 taken for use in the Franeker council chamber; the portraits for the walls of the same building, the Town Hall (Boeles, i. 399).

124. Boeles, i. 399.

125. i. 400, quoting Mr. A. Telting.

126. See Guilielmi Amesii . . . Opera . . . Cum Prarfatione introductoria Matthiæ Netheni (1658); Hugo Visscher, Guilielmus Amesius: Zijn Leven en Werken (1894); Niceron, Mémoires pour servir a l’Histoire des Homines Illustrées, xxxvii. 273–286. Among the biographical dictionaries, see in particular Kippis’s Biographia Britannica, the Dictionary of National Biography, and the Encyclopaedia Britannica (eleventh edition). Also cf. Professor Kittredge’s “Note on Dr. William Ames,” in Publications of this Society, xiii. 60–69.

127. Nethenus; Visscher, pp. 76–77. The date is usually given November 1, which was undoubtedly Old Style. J. Browne quotes from Quick: “He died in ye year 1633, and in ye 57th of his age the Lord translated him from ye church militant unto ye church triumphant. He was a man of a robust body, of a good and strong constitution. He was of middle stature, a quick and ready wit, of a most accurate and exact judgment, rare and exquisite learning, eloquent as the Spartans, not as ye Asiaticks, singularly pious towards God, and truely charitable towards his neighbors” (History of Congregationalism in Norfolk and Suffolk, p. 69 note).

128. Increase Mather wrote: “Dr Amess Tomb might have had yt Inscriptⁿ on it, wⁿh Scipio by his will appointed to be His, Ingrata patria ne ossa mea quidem habes” (Diary, in 2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xiii. 339). See also the Latin verses by Reinerus Neuhusius headed “Tumulo Reverendi et Clarissimi Viri D. Guilielmi Amesii. S. S. Theol. D. et Profess.” (Quoted by Visscher, p. 217.)

129. Several of these works will be found in the Stationers’ Registers.

130. The Marrow of Christianity; The Marrow of Modern Divinity; The Marrow of Many Good Authours; The Marrow of Divinity; The Marrow of Ecclesiastical Historie; The Marrow of the Bible; and the Medulla Theologiae Moralis. Two of these are themselves famous books. All were printed after The Marrow of Sacred Divinity.

131. Peters wrote almost immediately after the death of Dr. Ames to the city of Rotterdam asking aid for the widow. He secured the publication of Ames’s Lectiones in CL Psalmos Davidis and dedicated it to the city, which on April 29, 1635, paid Mrs. Ames 200 gulden for it. (Visscher, p. 78.)

132. There were about 570 titles in the library. Allowing for copies of his own works and of those of his friends, we may suppose him to have purchased over 500 works. He presented some books to the library of the Academy at Franeker. (Catalogus Librorum Bibliothecae Publicae quae est in Academia Franequeranae, ed. A. Savois, 1713, pp. 10, 58). He probably gave copies of his own works to his associates.

133. Catalogvs Variorum & insignium Librorvm Clariss. & celeberrimi viri D. Gvilielmi Amesii SS. Theologiae Doctoris, & Professoris olim in illust. Acad. Franekerana. Amstelodami. mdcxxxiv.

134. The statement that the library was brought to New England has been repeated by a dozen or more authors, early and late. Increase Mather wrote in 1695 in his preface to Johannes in Eremo (Magnalia, 1855, i. 245–246): “Long before that, Dr. Ames (whose family and whose library New-England has had) was upon the wing for this American desart.” Cotton Mather (Magnalia, i. 236) said of Ames: “but he was hindred by that Providence which afterwards permitted his toidow, his children, and his library, to be translated hither.” Neal added the assertion that Ames’s books were the first furniture of Harvard College, and from that time to the present the fact of the library’s advent here has been accepted as truth. Mr. Julius H. Tuttle discussed the question in the Publications of this Society (xiv. 63–66), seeing certain reasons for crediting the statement of Neal. But there is as yet absolutely no proof that the library was brought; and such facts as we have are rather against the probability.

135. The evidence regarding this practically unnoticed incident, including its relations to Peters’s engagement to Deliverance Sheffield, is found in the Winthrop Papers (i. 100, ii. 199–201). Inspection of one of the manuscripts shows a misreading of a name in the printed version; the identity of Ruth Ames is clear.

136. H. C. 1659.

137. H. C. 1673.

138. H. C. 1729.

139. H. C. 1800.

140. H. C. 1720.

141. Yale 1759.

142. (1804–1873).

143. H. C. 1854.

144. H. C. 1898.

145. Dictionary of National Biography, vi. 337.

146. Hubbard, General History of New England, p. 187.

147. Ames’s Rescriptio ad Responsum N. Grevinchovii Contracta (1617). There is a copy in the library of the Society of Mayflower Descendants: see G. E. Bowman, in Mayflower Descendant, July, 1921, 99, 103, and frontispiece.

148. Dictionary of National Biography, xv. 270–271; Mather, Magnalia, i. 47; 2 Massachusetts Historical Collections, v. 187; B. Brook, Lives of the Puritans, ii. 237–239.

149. The theses defended by Thomas Parker were one of the causes of the trouble between Maccovius and other theologians at the Synod of Dort. Ames tried to support Maccovius, but they continually disagreed. It is probable, then, that Parker was interested in the dispute between Ames and Maccovius in 1626. Parker lived at Newbury until 1677. He was related to important men in the colony and was a teacher of Judge Sewall.

150. iii. 63 (October 19, 1715).

151. Cf. the late Thomas G. Wright’s Literary Culture in Early New England (1920).

152. The Libraries of the Mathers, in Proceedings American Antiquarian Society, xx. 269–356.

153. The Disceptatio is not appended to the Harvard College Library copy of the Rescriptio of Harderwijk (1645), but it is appended to the Trinity College Dublin copy of the same edition.

154. See page 64 note 2, above.

155. Magnalia, i. 236.

156. Charles Chauncy (170.5–1787), Seasonable Thoughts on the State of Religion in New-England (1743), p. 417.

157. A Particular Account of the Present Stated Exercises Enjoyned the Students (Harvard College Papers, i. 31; printed in C. Meriwether’s Our Colonial Curriculum, 1907, pp. 55–56).

158. E. Oviatt, Beginnings of Yale (1916), pp. 174–183, 199; Thwing, History of Higher Education in America, pp. 68–71.

There are in the Yale University Library manuscript transcriptions of a tract by Ames on natural philosophy, one being by the Rev. William Partridge (Harvard 1689), minister at Killingworth from 1691 to 1693 (Warham Mather’s copy), and the other by the Rev. John Clark (Harvard 1690), pastor at Exeter, N. H. (Letter from Miss Anne S. Pratt, Yale University Library, March 5, 1921.) We may judge that this tract was in use at Harvard College in 1688–1690, and that there were not printed copies available for continued use by all the students.

159. At the time of the original writing of this paper, the portrait hung in Memorial Hall.

160. There are copies of the Fresh Suit, 1633, with the portrait, in the Boston Athenaum and in the Boston Public Library.

161. The photograph was obtained through the kindness of Mr. William Phillips, our Minister to the Netherlands. So far as is known, the Franeker portrait is here reproduced for the first time.

162. Letter of March 29, 1922.

163. The portrait by “G. S.” in the Fresh Suit, 1633, appears on the recto of a leaf on the verso of which is printed a note about Dr. Ames signed “Published by S. O.” That leaf is bound in different places in different copies of the Fresh Suit. In the Boston Athenasum copy, one has to turn over more than a hundred pages before reaching the leaf; and in the Boston Public Library copy, it is bound still farther toward the back of the book. This portrait was reproduced in “Lives of Eminent & Remarkable Characters, . . . in the Counties of Essex, Suffolk, & Norfolk” (1820), the title of which is somewhat blindly given as “Essex, Suffolk and Norfolk Characters” in F. O’Donoghue’s Catalogue of Engraved British Portraits (1908), i. 43. Presumably it is also the portrait reproduced in 1899 in W. E. Griffis’s article on “The Pilgrim Press at Leyden” (New England Magazine, N. S., xix. 561).

There seems to be some confusion and uncertainty in regard to the portrait by Marshall and that by “G. S.” O’Donoghue states (Catalogue, etc., i. 43) that the Marshall portrait forms a frontispiece to the Fresh Suit, 1633; but this is clearly a mistake. Visscher, as quoted in our text (p. 78), says that the Marshall portrait appeared as a frontispiece to the Marrow, 1642. Possibly that date is an error for 1643. At all events, that portrait is found as a frontispiece to a volume in the Harvard College Library which contains the Marrow, without date on its title-page, and Conscience with the Power and Cases thereof, dated 1643. Preceding the Marrow is a general title, reading: “The Workes of the Reverend and Faithfull Minister of Christ William Ames Doctor and Professor of the Famous Vniversity of Franeker in Friesland. Translated out of Latine for publike Vse. Published by Order. London Printed for Iohn Rothwell, and are to be sold at his shop, at the Sun in Pauls Church-yarde, 1643.” Very likely, therefore, the portrait was used with each separate pamphlet published in 1643, even when the general title is lacking. Underneath the portrait, in the Harvard College Library copy, is this inscription:

164. Letter of Mr. Ames to Mr. Matthews, April 25, 1921.

165. 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, vi. 340.

166. The Founders (1919), i. 2–3.

167. Middlesex Probate Records, xv. 295.

168. H. C. 1763.

169. Sibley, Harvard Graduates, ii. 426–427; J. N. Arnold, Vital Records of Rehoboth, p. 202; New England Historical and Genealogical Register, xlv. 145; Vital Records of Bridgewater, ii. 199.

170. Middlesex Probate Records, vii. 403–405.

171. W. E. Griffis (Nation, October 14, 1909, lxxxix. 350–351).

172. Our Publications, January, 1922, xxiv. 318–435.

173. Our Publications, January, 1922, xxiv. 349, 350.

174. Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors of the Revolutionary War, xiii. 457; Massachusetts Archives, clxxi. 104, 369, clxxii. 59.

175. To the courtesy of Dr. William B. Bartlett of Concord, a great-grandson of Dr. Josiah Bartlett, we are indebted for permission to copy and print the log.

176. Wyman, Genealogies and Estates of Charlestown, i. 64–65.

177. Isaac Foster (1740–1782; H. C. 1758).

178. Memoirs of Members of the Social Circle in Concord, Second Series, pp. 172–174.

179. Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors of the Revolutionary War, i. 729.

180. See J. Thacher, American Medical Biography, i. 150–151; 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, i. 323–330 (sketch by Richard Frothingham); T. F. Harrington, Harvard Medical School, i. 234–237; H. A. Kelly and W. L. Burrage, American Medical Biographies, 1920, pp. 67–68 (sketch by Dr. Albert N. Blodgett). Frothingham asserts that Bartlett “entered Harvard College, but, owing to the confusion of the times, left it to become a student with Dr. Isaac Forster.” Bartlett’s name is not found in the list of temporary students printed in our Publications (xvii. 271–285), and the statement is probably an error. Among the references given at the end of Dr. Blodgett’s sketch is “Oration by Robert T. Davis.” This reference is misplaced and properly belongs to the sketch on a previous page of Governor Josiah Bartlett (1729–1795). Dr. Davis’s oration is printed on pp. 21–38 of a pamphlet entitled “Unveiling of the Bartlett Statue at Amesbury, Massachusetts, July 4th, 1888.” Dr. Blodgett also says that our Dr. Bartlett “corrected the mistake of . . . colonial writers regarding the year of arrival of Gov. Winthrop at Charlestown with fifteen hundred persons, which had been given as 1630, to the true date, 1629, as shown by the original town records of Charlestown.” Dr. Blodgett is here merely repeating a statement made by Dr. Bartlett himself in 1813 (see 2 Massachusetts Historical Collections, ii. 163 and note); but, needless to say, Dr. Bartlett was mistaken on this point, having been led astray by an erroneous entry.

181. There is neither heading nor pagination in the original. Names of vessels are not, except occasionally, underscored in the original, but are here printed in italics for convenience. It has not been thought necessary to print in italics other words that are underscored in the original.

182. Richard Whellen.

183. See C. W. Brewster, Rambles in Portsmouth, ii. 259.

184. Ammi Ruhamah Cutter (1735–1820; H. C. 1752).

185. Perhaps Capt. James Collinson: see G. Williams, History of the Liverpool Privateers (1897), p. 211. The Alfred is listed in that work (p. 667), but its capture is not mentioned.

186. Francis Horton.

187. Capt. John Birket: see American Vessels captured by the British during the Revolution and War of 1812 (1911), p. 6.

188. John Harris.

189. Capt. John Cathcart.

190. Capt. John Edmunds (Edmands, Edmonds).

191. Capt. Benjamin Lovett.

192. William Jackson: see W. L. Clowes, Royal Navy, iv. 70, 111.

193. Capt. John Bolton: see American Vessels, etc., p. 55.

194. This name is obscure: perhaps “King.”

195. This name is obscure: perhaps “Buckley” or “Bukley.”

196. Capt. Timothy Parker.

197. Capt. John Carnes.

198. Capt. Nathaniel Brookhouse.

199. Capt. Silas Devol.

200. This name is obscure.

201. Perhaps identical with John Guliker (Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors of the Revolutionary War, vi. 947).

202. Mr. Mayo’s paper will be printed in full in the Granite Monthly for February 1923.

203. Cf. J. W. Dean, Capt. John Mason (Prince Society), pp. 41, 43.

204. Brewster, Rambles about Portsmouth, ii. 78, i. 131; Granite Monthly, v. 194, x. 218.

205. Quincy, History of Harvard University, ii. 491.

206. John Wentworth to Durand & Bacon, July 17, 1769.

207. Collections New Hampshire Historical Society, ix. 306–310.

208. Id. ix. 336–337, 343–344, 350–351

209. L. S. Mayo, John Wentworth, pp. 73–86.

210. Record of the Royal Society (London, 1912), p. 357.

211. Manuscripts of the Earl of Dartmouth, ii. 400.

212. 2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, ii. 296, 299.

213. New Hampshire State Papers, viii. 313.

214. Brewster, Rambles about Portsmouth, ii. 83.

215. Farmer and Moore, Historical Collections, ii. 204–207.

216. Kingsford, History of Canada, vi. 464–468; Short and Doughty, Documents relating to the Constitutional History of Canada, ii. 698–704.

217. Kingsford, History of Canada, vi. 468–471, vii. 198.

218. Mr. William A. Hayes 2nd, of Cambridge, owns an engraving of Peter Livius which bears the following inscription:

219. Letter cited from Rass, Die Convertiten seit der Reformation, Freiburg, 1871, x. 341–358. I have not succeeded in finding a copy of this letter in French.

220. In the preface to the English-Portuguese edition, Lisbon, 1788, the editor and translator refers to the Conversion as having already passed through four editions in London. (See p. 138 note c, below.)

221. I am much indebted to Mr. Worthington C. Ford for procuring for me the opportunity of examining this edition before it came into the possession of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and also for photostats of title-pages of several other rare editions. The second London edition and several other editions were given to the Massachusetts Historical Society by our associate Mr. John E. Thayer.

222. In the Paris first edition the letter is signed and addressed: “Thayer, A Paris, ce 1 Mai 1787, Au Seminaire de S. Sulpice.” “à M. Nathaneal Thayer, Boston.”

223. In the English edition this sentence reads only: “he has thought proper to render it publick.”

224. Conversion, Paris edition, p. 4

225. The London second edition has nine sections only. In the London fifth edition (1788), the sixth edition (1791), the Dublin edition (1809), and the Hartford edition (1832), the letter has a postscript. In the Paris first edition it is found in substance, but not exactly, in the twenty-first section.

226. This edition was translated from an English edition, prior to the London fifth of 1788, and has the title-page and preface in both languages, as well as the text.

227. This edition contains an amusing footnote in elucidation of Thayer’s reference to his birthplace: “(b) Boston, Nevv London, schöne befestigte Stadt in Nord-America, in Neu-England, nebst einem guten Hasen an dem Meer von Canada. Sie treibt einen großen Handel nach Barbados, mit Stockischen, Bretern, Eisen, wöllenen Tuch und Leinwand. Sie wird in denen Charten unrecht Bristow genennet” (pp. 43, 44).

228. A personal search among antiquarian book-dealers and in libraries in Florence and Rome, including the Vatican library, failed to locate a copy. In fact only one copy was found in any language, the Paris first edition in the Biblioteca Vittorio Emanuele, Rome.

229. I am indebted to M. Aegidius Fauteux, Librarian of the Bibliotheque Saint-Sulpice, Montreal, for the information in regard to this edition, as well as for other most valuable information. The collation of the edition is: Title-page, 1 leaf; Thayer’s Account, unsigned, undated, pp. [3]–29; Lettre où l’on rapporte ce que Mr. Thayer a fait de plus remarquable depuis son départ de Rome pour Paris, jusqu’à son embarquement pour Boston, et depuis son arrivée dans cette ville jusqu’à présent. A Paris, ce 28 Septembre, 1790, pp. 30–63. M. Fauteux states that this letter is not signed, but from internal evidence it appears to have been written by the Rev. Mr. Nagot; and adds, “The text of the letter shows that the author was the Superior of Le Petit Seminaire of Paris at the time of Mr. Thayer’s arrival in that city from Rome and we know that the Superior from 1783 to 1789 was Mr. Nagot. In 1789, Mr. Nagot was appointed Director of the Grand Seminary and he occupied that position until his departure for America on April 21st 1791.”

230. Following Thayer’s letter to his brother is a single leaf signed “J. Thayer, Paris Mars 3 88” apparently the end of a letter, of which the preceding leaf or leaves are lacking. It refers to conditions in the city of London, and to his practices as a Catholic when there.

231. Father Connolly published an “Historical Sketch of the Rev. John Thayer” in the United States Catholic Historical Magazine (ii. pp. 261–273).

232. See p. 138 note e, below.

233. See p. 139 note 1, below.

234. See p. 140 note o, below.

235. The remaining footnotes, a–aa, will be found on pp. 137–140, below.

236. In the absence of Dr. Morison, the introductory paragraphs and the footnotes have been prepared by the Editor.

237. Our Publications, xviii. 54–62, 77–78, xix. 290–295, xxv. 40–43, 47–50, 57–58.

238. Apparently the only account of Amos Windship that has hitherto appeared in print is that found in Sherman Leland’s Leland Magazine (1850), where we read:

For Windship’s degree of M.D., and the true date of his death, see p. 144 notes 3 and 5, below.

239. Holliston Vital Records, p. 155.

240. Holliston Vital Records, p. 357. Administration on his estate was granted to his widow Mercy, February 25, 1754 (Middlesex Probate Files, no. 25316). In an inventory of the same date the “Real Estate about Seventy Acres of Land & The Buildings” were valued at £1800. In an account dated June 16, 1760, made by commissioners of whom Daniel Emerson was one, occurs this item: “To the Widow for Lying in of a Posthumous Child, and her Care of that Child Years; and her Care of another Child 3 Years, & Charge of its Sickness £240.” Nathaniel and Mercy Windship had several children besides Amos, though he is the only child mentioned in the Leland Magazine.

That Nathaniel Windship, the father of Dr. Amos Windship, was a descendant of Edward Winship (1612–1688) of Cambridge is a reasonable supposition, but the line of descent has not hitherto been determined. Edward Winship (1612–1688), the emigrant, had a son Edward (1654–1718). This Edward had, among other children, Edward (1684–1763), Ephraim (1688–1757), and Nathaniel (1690–1721). The third Edward had a son Jonathan (1719–1784), who had a son Amos born December 19 and baptized December 30, 1750 (Lexington Vital Records, p. 90): see the next paragraph but one. The Nathaniel Winship who was born in 1690 married Rebecca Pierce February 11, 1714 (Cambridge Vital Records, ii. 430), died in 1721, and on March 6, 1722, administration on his estate was granted to his widow Rebecca (Middlesex Probate Files, no. 25313). Nathaniel and Rebecca (Pierce) Winship had a son Nathaniel who was born December 27, 1716 (Cambridge Vital Records, i. 775). On June 6, 1728, Rebecca (Pierce) Winship was married to John Manning (id. ii. 431). On November 26, 1733, “Guardianship of Nathaniel Winship in his seventeenth year son of Nathaniel Winship late of Cambridge . . . dec^d is committed (at his own Election) to Ephraim Winship of Lexington” (Middlesex Probate Files, no. 25315). The guardian thus appointed was the youth’s uncle Ephraim Winship (1688–1757). On March 13, 1738, a committee was appointed to settle and divide the estate of Nathaniel Winship (1690–1721), it reported April 1, and on April 10 the “doings” of the committee were accepted. Two-thirds of the real estate were “assigned to the within named Deceas’d his only Son Nathaniel Winship, & to his heirs and assigns for ever; and the said assignee is order’d to pay the Charges of this Settlement . . . and to pay to his Sisters” certain sums (Middlesex Probate Files, no. 25313). The place of residence of Nathaniel Winship is not given in this document; but on April 12, 1738, “Nathanael Winship of Lexington cordwainer” sold a certain piece of land (Middlesex Deeds, xxxix. 558). On May 28, 1742, “Eli Jones of Holliston” sold to “Nathaniel Winship of Sudbury . . . cordwainer” sixty acres of land in Holliston (id. lxvi. 336). On May 16, 1744, “Nathaniel Winship of Holliston” and Mercy Leland were married at Sherborn (Sherborn Vital Records, p. 148). On July 29, 1745, “Eli Jones of Holliston” sold to “Nathaniel Winship of the same Town . . . Cordwainer . . . about Eight acres” of land in Holliston (Middlesex Deeds, lxvi. 337). On September 14, 1749, “Nathanael Winship of Holliston Cordwainer” and five of his uncles—among them Edward Winship (1684–1763) and Ephraim Winship (1688–1757)—sold a certain piece of land in Cambridge (id. xlix. 288). (Cf. id. xxv. 233, 708, xxix. 141, xli. 468, 469, liv. 506.) The deeds from Eli Jones to Nathaniel Winship were not recorded until November 15, 1766. After the death (1753) of Nathaniel Windship, his widow Mercy married (apparently in 1763) Ralph Day of Sherborn. Exactly how Amos Windship came into the possession of his father’s real estate in Holliston does not appear, but on August 21, 1766, “I Amos Winship of Sherborn . . . student In Consideration of two hundred and forty pounds Lawful money paid me by Hachaliah Bridges of Holliston . . . do hereby give grant sell and convey” unto the said Bridges “One certain Tract of Land in said Holliston with the Buildings,” the tract containing sixty-eight acres of land. One of the witnesses was Ralph Day, presumably Amos’s step-father. The deed was acknowledged by Windship and was recorded on November 15, 1766. (Middlesex Deeds, lxvi. 340–341.) It will be noted that Amos, a full year before he entered Harvard, describes himself as “student;” and also that the sale took place on the very day that Amos—making allowance for the difference between Old Style and New Style—came of age. See p. 150 note 1, below.

It is clear, then, that Dr. Amos Windship’s father was the Nathaniel Winship who was born at Cambridge December 27, 1716, and who lived successively in Lexington, Sudbury, and Holliston. (Cf. Paige, History of Cambridge, p. 696, and Hudson’s History of Lexington, ii. 767, where this identification is suggested but not worked out.)

With regard to the Amos Winship, son of Jonathan Winship (1719–1784), who was born December 19, 1750, there has been much confusion. Writing of him in 1899, J. P. C. Winship said: “It is reported that he was a graduate of Harvard College” (Historical Brighton, i 149). In 1868 Hudson (History of Lexington, p. 270) merely gave the date of birth of this Amos. In the 1913 edition of Hudson’s History (ii. 769), this Amos Winship is stated to have been our Dr. Amos Windship; but, as is abundantly proved in these footnotes, this identification is an error. This Amos Winship married Mary Wyman October 29, 1782 (Cambridge Vital Records, ii. 430), and had, among other children, Sally Wyman, baptized June 1, 1783 (Paige, History of Cambridge, p. 699), and Amos, born in 1792. Paige says that Sally Wyman Winship married Cyrus Holbrook September 28, 1800, but this is an error, for C. Holbrook’s wife was not Sally Wyman Winship but Sarah Winship (Cambridge Vital Records, ii. 430). As a matter of fact, Sally Wyman Winship and Dexter Dana were married by the Rev. Dr. John Lathrop October 20, 1799 (Boston Records, xxx. 242). The name of Amos Winship, the father, is not found in the Boston Directory for 1789, but in later editions we read: “Windship Amos, victualler and tavern-keeper, Corn Court, S. side the Market” (1796); “Winship Amos, butcher and tavern keeper, Corn court” (1798); “Winship Amos, tavern-keeper Com court” (1800). He died November 12, 1801: “Mr. Amos Windship Mt. 51” (Columbian Centinel, November 14, p. 2/3). Administration on the estate of “Amos Windship late of Boston Victualler” was granted December 8, 1801, to his son-in-law Dexter Dana (Suffolk Probate Files, no. 21571). An inventory dated December 13, 1802, mentions a pew in the New Brick, another in the meeting-house of the third precinct in Cambridge, and land in Cambridge. (Cf. Middlesex Deeds, cxix. 429, cxxi. 303, cxxv. 320, cxxx. 530, 542.) A document dated February 21, 1803, mentions his widow Mary, and another dated August 29, 1803, his only son Amos. On February 21, 1803, Mary Winship was admitted guardian to her son Amos, but on November 11, 1806, was succeeded by Josiah Bridge, who was discharged November 3, 1813 (Suffolk Probate Files, no. 21853). In or about September, 1803, Mary Winship was married to the Rev. Joel Foster (1755–1812; Dartmouth 1777) of East Sudbury, now Wayland (Wayland Vital Records, p. 123; Cambridge Vital Records, ii. 430). Her son Amos Winship died December 18, 1815: “On Monday afternoon, Mr. Amos Windship, aged 23 years. His funeral will be from his brother-in-law’s, Mr. Dexter Dana’s house, No. 64 Cornhill, to-morrow afternoon” (Columbian Centinel, Wednesday, December 13, p. 2/3). Administration on his estate was granted December 18, 1815, to his mother Mary Foster (Suffolk Probate Files, no. 24810).

Jonathan Winship (1719–1784), the father of Amos Winship (1750–1801), and Nathaniel Windship (1716–1753), the father of Dr. Amos Windship (1745–1813), were first cousins. Consequently the two Amoses were second cousins. As both Amoses lived during certain years in Boston and are both mentioned in the Boston Records and elsewhere, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between them.

241. “Guardianship of Amos (at his own Election) a Minor in the fifteenth year of his age Son of Nathaniel Winship late of Holliston . . . is granted . . . To Daniel Emerson of said Holliston Cordwainer” (Middlesex Probate Files, no. 25317). On March 16, 1766, administration on the estate of Daniel Emerson, cordwainer, was granted to his widow Hannah (id. no. 6944). He died December 4, 1765 (Holliston Vital Records, p. 312). Daniel Emerson was at various times town clerk, treasurer, and selectman of Holliston (A. Morse, Genealogical Register of the Inhabitants and History of the Towns of Sherborn and Holliston, 1856, pp. 81, 331, 333).

242. See p. 150 note 1, below.

243. The statement in the Leland Magazine that Windship “received the degree of M.D., from Harvard University, and resumed his practice in Boston” conveys a wrong impression. The degree of M.B. was first conferred by Harvard in 1788, and that of M.D. in course in 1795. Previous to 1811, six M.B.’s had received the degree of M.D. in course. In 1811 the degree of M.D. was “granted to graduates of that year and to earlier graduates who had not been admitted to it” (Quinquennial Catalogue, 1920, p. 695; cf. our Publications, xii. 312–321). It was not until 1811 that Windship became an M.D.

F. S. Drake stated in 1878 that Amos Windship, “also a distinguished physician, a graduate of the University of Edinburgh, was surgeon of the ‘Bonne Homme Richard,’ Capt. John Paul Jones” (Town of Roxbury, p. 208). Amos Windship was not a graduate of Edinburgh, though his son Charles Williams Windship took the degree of M.D. at Glasgow in 1797.

244. See p. 162 note 2, below.

245. Both in the Leland Magazine and in the Quinquennial Catalogue, the date of Windship’s death is given as 1811. The date in the text has been obtained from the town clerk of Wellfleet.

246. The Leland Magazine gives her name as Mary Bell, but presumably that is an error for Desire Bell, which is the name found in J. Cunnabell’s Genealogical Memoir of the Cunnabell, Conable or Connable Family (1886), p. 33. Mr. Eliot (p. 154, below) speaks of Windship’s “Brother in law Deacon Daniel Bell.”

Daniel Bell and Abigail Cunnabell were married August 3, 1710, and had many children, the eldest being Daniel. The father died June 9, 1750, his will (dated February 12, 1749, proved June 19, 1750) being in Suffolk Probate Files, no. 9559.

The second Daniel Bell was born May 4, 1711, was a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, was twice married, and died March; 26, 1767. “Thursday last died here, after a long Indisposition, Capt. Daniel Bell, a Gentleman well respected among us for his Faithfulness and Honesty” (Boston Gazette, Monday, March 30, 1767, p. 3/1). By his first wife, Miriam Gore, whom he married March 12, 1733, he had three children: Miriam, Abigail (wife of Joseph Ridgway), and Sarah (wife of John Callender). By his second wife, Desire Barker, whom he married December 13, 1750, he had two children: Daniel and Desire. In his will (dated December 8, 1766, proved April 3, 1767: Suffolk Probate Files, no. 14007) he mentions only these five children. On April 3, 1767, the two youngest, Daniel and Desire, described as minors above fourteen years of age, were placed under the guardianship of their mother. (Suffolk Probate Files, nos. 14008, 14009.)

The third Daniel Bell was born December 28 and baptized December 31, 1752. On April 20, 1775, he married Mary Greenleaf, daughter of William and Mary (Brown) Greenleaf, by whom he had nine children, the youngest born a few days after his own death. (J. E. Greenleaf, Greenleaf Family, 1896, p. 213.) It was this Daniel who was the deacon. “April 16, 1786. The pastor communicated to the church a letter from M^r Daniel Bell, resigning the office of a deacon in the church, of clerk to the society and one of the members of the standing committee, upon which The Church Voted, That M^r Bell’s resignation be accepted, and that the thanks of the church be returned to M^r Bell for his many faithful services in the office of a deacon” (Records of the Church in Brattle Square, 1902, p. 39). He died October 15, 1791: “In this town Mr. Daniel Bell, Merchant” (Columbian Centinel, October 19, 1791, p. 3/2); and administration was granted to his widow November 22nd, one of her bondsmen being Charles Williams (Suffolk Probate Files, no. 19838). Five of the children are mentioned in the will of their grandmother, Mrs. Desire Williams.

Whether Desire Bell, the sister of Deacon Daniel Bell (1752–1791), was older or younger than her brother does not appear; nor is it known when or where she married Amos Windship, but the marriage must have taken place about 1772. Nor is it known when she died.

After the death of Capt. Daniel Bell (1711–1767), his widow Desire (Barker) Bell married Charles Williams, though when or where is not known. It must have been before July 30, 1772, on which day Desire Williams signed a deed as the wife of Charles Williams: see Suffolk Deeds, clxx. 187. Mr. Williams was a collector of taxes in Boston in the years 1782, 1784–1790, and was rechosen in 1791, but declined to serve. He was a prominent man at King’s Chapel, and. later at Christ Church. He died in June, 1793: “In this town, Mr. Charles Williams, Æ.61.—He was a man of unspotted integrity and universal benevolence” (Columbian Centinel, June 29, p. 3/2). He was buried in Christ Church July 1st, the record describing him as “Paralitic” and giving his age as 59. His will (dated May 4, 1787, proved July 9, 1793: Suffolk Probate Files, no. 20185) mentions no children and makes his wife executrix, one of her bondsmen being the Rev. Dr. William Walter. See p. 156 note 3, below.

By his marriage to Mrs. Bell, Charles Williams became the step-father of Deacon Daniel Bell and the step father-in-law of Amos Windship; no doubt it was for him that Windship named his oldest son; and for many years Windship and Mr. Williams were closely associated. On first being chosen a collector in 1782, Mr. Williams proposed “D^r Amos Windship & Daniel Bell Merch^t as his Bondsmen.” Presumably this Daniel Bell was the deacon, Mr. Williams’s stepson. Windship was again a bondsman in 1787–1790. (Boston Records, xxv. 184, xxvii. 29, 67, 100, 132, 133.)

Mrs. Desire Williams, successively the widow of Daniel Bell (1711–1767) and Charles Williams, died April 10, 1798: “Yesterday, after a long confinement, which she bore with exemplary patience and fortitude, Madam Desire Williams, widow of the late Mr. Charles Williams” (Columbian Centinel, April 11, p. 3/1). The Christ Church records give her death as due to “Grad. decay,” her age as 70, and the date of her burial as April 12. In her will (dated May 2, 1796, proved April 17, 1798: Suffolk Probate Files, no. 20847) she mentions her grandchildren Charles Williams Windship, Desire Windship, and Sarah Windship; Mary Bell, “widow of my late son Daniel,” to whom she gives the “tomb under Stone Chapel;” her five grandchildren, the children of Daniel (1752–1791) and Mary (Greenleaf) Bell; and her pew in Christ Church, which she gives to the wardens; and names the Rev. Dr. William Walter as one of the executors. If the age of Mrs. Williams is correctly given, then perhaps she was the Desire Barker, daughter of Barnabas and Hannah (Turner) Barker, who was born April 25, 1728, and is said to have married “—Bell” (B. Newhall, Barker Family of Plymouth Colony and County, p. 79). In a deed acknowledged by her April 10 and recorded April 19, 1794, Mrs. Williams describes herself as “Desire Williams of Boston . . . Widow of Charles Williams, and late Widow, Executrix, & Residuary Legatee of Daniel Bell late of said Boston” (Suffolk Deeds, clxxviii. 93).

247. All three children are mentioned in the will of their grandmother, Mrs. Desire Williams. Charles Williams Windship was born July 22, 1773 (Faculty Records, vi. 51); was at the Boston Public Latin School (Catalogue, 1886, p. 118); on July 8, 1789, at the visitation of the public schools, delivered an oration “On the Progress and Advantages of a Good Education” (Massachusetts Centinel, July 11, 15, xi. 135, 140); graduated at Harvard College in 1793, having a Commencement part (Faculty Records, vi. 186); received the degree of M.D. from Glasgow University in 1797; and died at Roxbury August 27, 1852. (New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vii. 103; F. S. Drake, Town of Roxbury, p. 208). He was twice married: first to Catharine May, daughter of Col. Joseph May (1760–1841); and secondly to Martha Ruggles Zeigler. Col. Joseph May and Elizabeth May, the second wife of Dr. Amos Windship, were first cousins, being grandchildren of Ebenezer May (1692–1752). Charles May Windship (1809–1865; H. C. m 1829) was a son of Dr. Charles Williams Windship. (For Dr. C. W. Windship, see Suffolk Deeds, cxc. 150, cxci. 45, cxcii. 45.)

Desire Windship was born in 1777, was twice married, and died in 1843. (Leland Magazine, p. 177.) She was married to her first husband, Warren Hall, at Christ Church on September 6, 1798.

Sarah (or Sally) Windship is stated in the Leland Magazine to have been born in 1780, to have married Charles Stuart, and to have died in 1830. The date of birth would seem to be an error, since the Alliance sailed from Boston January 14, 1779, and on its return reached Boston August 16, 1780 (G. W. Allen, Naval History of the American Revolution, ii. 371, 529): hence Mrs. Windship could hardly have had a child born in 1780. Perhaps the Sally Windship, daughter “of Amos Windship,” who was baptized at the Brattle Square Church June 9, 1776, was the daughter of Dr. Amos Windship.

248. The marriage intention was recorded April 8, 1784 (Boston Records, xxx. 453), but when the marriage took place is not known.

Ebenezer May (1692–1752) had, among other children, Samuel (1723–1794), Ephraim (1728–1797), and Moses (1730–1798). Samuel May (1723–1794) was the father of Col. Joseph May, whose daughter Catharine was the first wife of Dr. Charles Williams Windship. Moses May (1730–1798) had a son Perrin May (1767–1844). Ephraim May (1728–1797), who married Zibiah Cravath, left eight children, among them Zibiah (wife of Stephen Gore), Elizabeth (bom September 11, 1758), Sarah (wife of Deacon William Brown), John Cravath, and Eunice. Curiously enough, the date of her birth (September 11, 1758) is all that is said about this Elizabeth May in the May Family (1878, p. 6). But that she was the Elizabeth May who became the second wife of Dr. Amos Windship is proved by her father’s will. Ephraim May died May 28, 1797: “On Sunday last, Ephraim May, Esq. of this town. Æt. 69. It would be a criminal neglect of real worth, not to notice the distinguished virtues of the deceased. As a man, as a christian, as a member of civil and domestic society, and in every relation which he sustained, he adorned humanity, did honor to religion, and was greatly useful; having served his generation according to the will of God, he now rests from his labours” (Columbian Centinel, Wednesday, May 31, p. 3/2). In his will (dated May 26, proved June 13, 1797: Suffolk Probate Files, no. 20726) he mentions “my beloved Daughter Elizabeth Windship,” and appoints “my three sons in law, Stephen Gore, William Brown & Amos Windship with Amasa Davis Esq and my nephew Jos. May all of Boston” to be his executors. When administration was granted, the third was described as “Amos Windship Merch^t.” Windship signed an inventory dated June 27, 1797, and an account dated August 24, 1797; but thereafter he apparently took no share in the management of the estate. An account “of Amasa Davis & William Brown acting Executors,” dated October 21, 1799, contains this item: “1798 July 2 p^d D^r A Winships a/c for attendance and medicines 21.72.”

In her will (dated November 15, 1798, proved January 15, 1799: Suffolk Probate Files, no. 21004) Eunice May appointed her brothers-in-law Stephen Gore and William Brown her executors, and bequeathed a certain sum “in trust for the following purposes that the said Brown & Gore . . . shall put said sum to Interest and pay such Interest as the same may become due to my sister Elizabeth Windship for her sole and separate use during the life of her Husband Doct^r Amos Windship and upon his Death that my said Trustees pay the said principal sum to the said Elizabeth Windship if then living or if not to such of her Children present & future as may be then alive for her or their use forever, and in case of the Death of the said Elizabeth before her said husband that they then pay the said principal sum to such of her Children as may be living and I order that her separate receipt alone shall be a discharge to said Trustees for said interest during the continuance of her marriage with her said husband.”

249. On May 14, 1804, John Cravath May Windship, “a minor more than 14,” and Lettsom Windship, “a minor under 14,” were placed under the guardianship of Perrin May, who was a first cousin of the children’s mother; and Elizabeth Windship and Charlotte Windship, “under 14,” were placed under the guardianship of William Brown, Jr., presumably a son of the children’s mother’s sister Sarah (May) Brown. (Suffolk Probate Files, nos. 22142–22145.) Doubtless John Cravath May Windship was named for his mother’s brother, John Cravath May; and Lettsom Windship for Dr. Lettsom. Lettsom Windship’s name is wrongly given as “Letsone” in the Leland Magazine, and as “Letson” in the index to the Suffolk Probate Files.

The papers filed with Ephraim May’s will contain interesting information in regard to the last days of Amos Windship’s second wife and her children. Among them is the following, from an account dated June 11, 1804:

D^r the Estate of M^rs Eliz^a Windship dec^d in a/c with W^m Brown as the act^g Exec to y^e will of E. May Esq dec^d

It is obvious that Mrs. Windship’s death took place between March 26 and April 3, 1804, and the exact date is given in the Columbian Centinel of April 11: “In Exeter, N. H. suddenly, on the 27th ult. Mrs. ELIZABETH WINDSHIP, daughter of the late Ephraim May, Esq. of this town” (p. 2/3).

John Cravath May Windship was born January 7, 1789 (Faculty Records, vii. 394), and was baptized at Christ Church in the same month; was at the Boston Public Latin School (Catalogue, pp. 136, 137); graduated at Harvard College in 1809, having a Commencement part (Faculty Records, viii. 220); studied law and began practice at Rapides, Louisiana, where he died in 1814.

Elizabeth Windship was baptized at Christ Church March 10, 1793, and married Joseph R. Folsom of Bucksport, Maine.

Lettsom Windship was born in 1795 and died at sea in 1818.

Charlotte Windship, born in 1798, married Joseph Cowdin, and died in 1820.

The documents cited seem to show that Dr. Amos Windship was looked somewhat askance at by his relatives. It is true that he was an executor of the will of his father-in-law Ephraim May, but he served actively only a few months; he is not even mentioned in the wills of Charles Williams and Mrs. Desire Williams; the bequest of his sister-in-law Eunice May to his wife and her children was so tied up that he could not touch it; when his second wife died she was described not as his wife but as the daughter of Ephraim May, and her children were placed under the guardianship not of their father but of her relations.

250. The marriage intention was recorded January 21, 1808 (Boston Records, xxx. 498), but the marriage did not take place until March: “MARRIED]—In this town, . . . Dr. Amos Winship, to Mrs. Abigail Lawrence” (Columbian Centinel, March 16, 1808, p. 2/3). Cf. p. 170 note 1, below.

251. The dates of births, baptisms, and marriages thus far given have been derived (except where otherwise specified) chiefly from Records of the Church in Brattle Square, and from Boston Records, vols, xxiv, xxviii, xxx. Other allusions to Dr. Amos Windship will be found in Boston Records, xxvii. 63, 64, 228. The Amos Winship referred to in Boston Records, xxii. 297, 447, was probably Amos Winship (1750–1801), the second cousin of Dr. Amos Windship. In the same volume (pp. 233, 238) the firm of Bell & Winship is mentioned. The names of Charles Williams, Daniel Bell, and Dr. Amos Windship are constantly associated in deeds and other documents.

252. There appear to be no references to Windship, while an undergraduate, in the Corporation Records or in the Overseers’ Records, and only three in the Faculty Records. On November 27, 1767, is this entry (Faculty Records, iii. 64):

The second occurs under date of June 10, 1768, in the hand of President Holyoke (iii. 87):

In the margin is written, in another hand, “left College Aug./68.” The age “21.3” has apparently been altered from “22.3,” though possibly it is “22.3” altered from “21.3.” As previously stated (p. 141 note 4, above), Windship was born August 19, 1745. Hence the year “1746” is certainly an error. The date “Aug. 22” may be due to the fact that in the eighteenth century it was a common blunder to turn Old Style into New Style by adding twelve instead of eleven days. Precisely what town is meant by “Springf. Suff.” as the place of residence is uncertain. A year before entrance Windship had been living in Sherborn (see p. 141 note, above).

The third and last entry is again in the hand of President Holyoke: “Mem^o Winship del^d up his Chamber. Jul. 27. 1768” (iii. 89).

The list of Freshmen placed on June 10, 1768, contains 56 names, that of Windship being 48. In an alphabetical list of “Hebrew Gram̄ars del^d to the Freshmen Sept. 1767” (iii. 55) occur 55 names, that of Windship being lacking. From this fact, and from the further fact that his age at admission is given us three months over 21 years, it is reasonable to infer that he did not enter College until November, 1767; and if so, then he remained in College about eight months.

253. Nathaniel Tracy (H. C. 1769): see Harvard Graduates’ Magazine, xxv. 193–197.

254. Dr. Bela Lincoln (1734–1773; H. C. 1754) of Hingham. In the Leland Magazine it is stated that Windship studied under Ezekiel Hersey (H. C. 1728) of Hingham, who died December 9, 1770. (Cf. our Publications, xix. 284.) The following document (Suffolk Deeds, cxix. 13) is dated April 11, 1770, and was acknowledged April 4, 1771:

255. His name was Kendrick: see p. 171, below.

256. “Winship, Amos (Mass). Surgeon’s-Mate Hospital Department, 1776–1777” (F. B. Heitman, Historical Register of the Continental Army, 1914, p. 600). Cf. Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors of the Revolutionary War, xvii. 623. Under date of December 23, 1775, Ezekiel Price notes in his Diary: “Last evening, Dr. Winship stopt here. He is from Newport” (1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, vii. 222). This may or may not have been our Dr. Amos Windship.

257. Benjamin Church (H. C. 1754).

258. Here Mr. Eliot’s memory was somewhat at fault. John Adams sailed from Boston February 13, 1778, on the frigate Boston, commanded by Capt. Samuel Tucker. He left the Boston at Bordeaux April 1 and reached Paris April 8, 1778. (Diary, Works, iii. 94, 118, 120, 121.) It was in the following year that the Alliance was ordered to bring Adams back, and Adams actually spent several weeks on board of her, when his vessel was changed to the French frigate Sensible. Adams left Passy March 8, 1779; reached Nantes the 12th; left there the 21st, and on the 22nd wrote: “This day we arrived safe on board the Alliance, . . . The frigate lies at St.-Nazaire, where are several French vessels of war, but none so large as the Alliance.” On May 10 the Alliance set sail for L’Orient, arriving there the 12th; and on June 17 Adams wrote that the “Captain of the Sensible, sent his canot on shore for me and mine, and here I am in full possession of my apartment. Sailed about three o’clock in company with the Bonhomme Richard, Captain Jones, the Alliance, Captain Landais,” etc. (Diary, Works, iii. 192, 194, 199, 200, 210). Adams wrote in his Diary, May 11, 1779: “Dr. W. told me of Tucker’s rough, tarry speech about me, at the navy board: ‘I did not say much to him at first, but—and—my eyes, I found him after a while as sociable as any Marblehead man’” (iii. 200).

259. “This day Dr. Winship arrived here [Paris] from Brest” (February 12, 1779, J. Adams, Diary, Works, iii. 191). A letter from Windship to Franklin dated Brest, April 1, 1779, is owned by the American Philosophical Society.

260. “I was obliged to leave Joseph Stevens sick of the measles at the tavern. This was a painful circumstance to me, although I took all the precautions in my power, by speaking to . . . Captain Landais, and Dr. Winship, to look to him, and engaged a careful woman to nurse him” (April 22, 1779, J. Adams, Diary, Works, iii. 195). Dr. Lawrence Brooks, surgeon of the Bon Homme Richard, is several times mentioned in Adams’s Diary (iii. 202, etc.).

261. In J. H. Sherburne’s Life and Character of John Paul Jones, Windship’s name is wrongly given as “Arnold Winship” in the 1825 ed., p. 146, and in the 1851 ed., p. 140, but appears correctly as “Amos Windship” in the 1851 ed., p. 367. Cf. Logs of the Serapis—Alliance—Ariel (ed. J. S. Barnes, 1911), p. 20. He is also wrongly called “Arnold Winship” in the Calendar of John Paul Jones Manuscripts in the Library of Congress (1903), p. 315.

In the first part of the “Memorial, to justify Peter Landai’s Conduct during the late War” (Boston, 1784), Landais refers to “the Surgeon of the Alliance” (p. 23), and prints a certificate signed by Windship “On board the ship Alliance, October 21, 1779” (p. 46); but there is no allusion to the episode of rowing from the Alliance to the Bon Homme Richard related by Mr. Eliot.

262. The Alliance was built at Salisbury on the Merrimac in 1778 (G. W. Allen, Naval History of the American Revolution, i. 336). The Bon Homme Richard was originally “an East Indiaman called the Due de Duras, . . . was fourteen years old, unsound, and a dull sailer” (ii. 442), but Jones accepted her, though changing her name.

263. Sir Joseph Yorke (1724–1792), created Baron Dover in 1788.

264. The Alliance reached Boston August 16, 1780: see p. 147 note, above.

265. For Deacon Daniel Bell (1752–1791), see p. 145 note 1, above.

266. Dr. John Coakley Lettsom (1744–1815), though never in this country, had many American correspondents.

267. When Windship’s first wife, Desire (Bell) Windship, died is not known: see p. 145 note 1, above.

268. Elizabeth May (1758–1804): see p. 147 note 1, above.

269. Windship’s name is not found in Foote’s Annals of King’s Chapel, and it seems likely that Mr. Eliot confused him with his step father-in-law, Charles Williams. Mr. Williams owned a pew (as early as 1775) and a tomb in King’s Chapel and was vestryman in the years 1784–1786. On February 20, 1785, it was voted to make changes in the Liturgy, the committee for that purpose consisting of the two wardens and of seven other members, one being Mr. Williams. The committee made its report on March 28, and on June 19 the proprietors voted, twenty yeas to seven nays, Mr. Williams being one of the latter, that “the Common Prayer, as it now stand amended, be adopted.” On November 17, 1787, Mr. Williams signed a protest against the ordination of Mr. James Freeman, which, nevertheless, took place the next day. A few days later the wardens prepared a vindication of the proceedings of the society, in which they stated that Mr. Williams “voted for many of the alterations” in the Liturgy. (Foote, Annals, ii. 323, 327, 328, 331, 381, 387, 391, 392, 393, 600, 608, 619.)

270. It has already been shown that the relations between Mr. Williams and Dr. Windship were very close. Both were wardens of Christ Church, the former in 1789–1791, and also before 1789 and after 1791 he was a vestryman. In September, 1787, Windship subscribed £1.10.0 “towards glasing the windows;” in July of the same year Mrs. Windship gave eighteen shillings towards a certain object; in December, 1792, Windship gave twelve shillings for a stove. On May 28, 1787, he was chosen a warden, and was rechosen March 24, 1788. On December 21, 1789, he was chosen a vestryman. On October 21, 1790, he was one of those who “agree and Consent that the Rev^d D^r Walter should be settled the minister of said Church (Provided) a Reconciliation would take place in the Proprietors and all others that had thoughts of joining said Church;” and he was appointed on a committee of three (one of the other two being Charles Williams, then a warden) “to wait on those Gentlemen belonging to Christ Church in Cambridge to know whether they will relinquish the Rev^d D^r Walter to Christ Church in Boston.” On April 5, 1791, Windship was appointed one of three auditors of the wardens’ accounts. This was a curious selection, since Windship’s own accounts while warden were for years in a disputed state and apparently no settlement was ever made. Entries relating to his accounts are found under dates of September 26, 1791; May 29, June 17, December 4, 1792; April 11, 1793; January 3, 1794; and April 6, 1795. From June 4, 1787, to December 19, 1788, most of the entries in the Proprietors’ Records are in the hand of Windship. A reference to Dr. Amos Windship, overlooked in the Index, is in 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xv. 170.

271. About 1790: see p. 166 note 2, below.

272. Major John Pitcairn’s brother was Dr. William Pitcairn (1711–1791), and his son was Dr. David Pitcairn (1749–1809). For notices of them, see W. Munk, Roll of the Royal College of Physicians, ii. 172–174, 353–357; The Gold-Headed Cane (ed. Munk, 1884), pp. 112–144; Dictionary of National Biography.

273. Presumably either Robert Newman or Alexander Davidson. On December 19, 1788, Newman was severely reprimanded by Windship; and on April 20, 1789, Davidson was chosen sexton, though his term of office is somewhat uncertain.

274. In T. J. Pettigrew’s Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the late John Coakley Lettsom (1817) are several letters in which Dr. Windship is mentioned and one interesting one in which he is referred to but not named. This letter, dated July 11, 1791, was written by Lettsom himself, and in it he says:

“To-day I received a letter from America, mentioning some honours conferred upon me. These, however, are of little moment; but, what pleased me more, a bust of Washington is now on the Thames. I have not yet seen it, though I long for the pleasure. My library at Grove-hill is about 45 feet long. I am ornamenting it with busts, among which Washington must be conspicuous. Speaking of America, the progress of it is astonishing. . . . My correspondent, who is an American, says, that he himself is struck with amazement at the progress of this new continent, and he is no party man. . . .

“Thou must remember the affair of Bunker’s Hill last war, when Major Pitcairn fell. A friend of mine, lately at my house on a visit from Boston, was a particular acquaintance of the Major’s, and this officer was beloved by all parties. My friend loved him as a father, although he is an American born and bred. The Major received 30 balls through his body. He was brought into Boston, and buried in the King’s church, in a vault by himself in a close coffin, in his regimentals, and is at this moment in a perfect state. I informed Drs. Pitcairn, the brother and the son, of the circumstance, who requested my friend to send the Major to England, and I hope and believe he accompanies my bust of Washington. Brave officers and humane, however adverse you once were, you have (I trust) void of animosity traversed the Atlantic! As history will record you as heroes, may politic oblivion render you associates and friends, in those calm shades where refined intellect alone can enter and associate! In that state, divested of all human follies and animosities, may the glorious virtues which actuated you, survive and flourish in a clime, where virtue alone unites the Christian heroes of all nations and all degrees!”

275. Exactly when Windship was elected does not appear, but apparently it was as early as 1788: see p. 160 note 1, below.

276. Dr. John Warren (1753–1815; H. C. 1771). Though Dr. Warren was a classmate of Windship’s, there appear to be no references to Windship in Dr. Edward Warren’s Life of John Warren, M.D. (1874).

277. Dr. Aaron Dexter (1750–1829; H. C. 1776). In the “List of the Members of the Medical Society of London. For the Year 1791” (London, 1791), occur the names of “Amos Windship, M.D. Boston, Massachusels,” and of Drs. Aaron Dexter, John Warren, and Benjamin Waterhouse, as Corresponding Members.

278. Probably Amasa Dingley (H. C. 1785; d 1798). He was usher of the South Grammar School in 1786–1789: see Boston Records, xxv. 325, xxvii. 80, xxxi. 153, 175. Cf. Catalogue of the Boston Public Latin School (1886), p. 20.

279. The diploma could not have been sent before 1790, while the description was sent in or before 1788: see p. 160 note 1, below.

280. See p. 160 note 1, below.

281. “ARTICLE XXXII. History of a Case of incisted Dropsy, with a Dissection, by Amos Winship, of Boston, Massachusett’s, M.D. and C.M.S. in a Letter to J. C. Lettsom M.D. Read March 31, 1788.” (In Memoirs of the Medical Society of London, 1794, ii. 372–376.) The patient was a young woman who “began to have hydropic swellings of the abdomen” early in 1786 and died on October 14 of the same year. “After the trial of powerful diuretics and cathartics, deobstruent medicines without advantage, the paracentesis was performed by Dr. Cheever of this place.” Since Windship mentions Dr. Cheever, doubtless Mr. Eliot was right in saying that Windship “probably had no idea of its being published.” See also the next note. It will be observed that Windship is labelled “M.D.” At that time he had no degree of any sort: see p. 162 note 2, below.

282. Abijah Cheever (1760–1843; H. C. 1779). “History of a case of incisted dropsy, with a description of the several cysts, as communicated to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Jan. 31, 1787. 14 pp., 1., 1 pi. 18°. [Boston, n.d.]” This title is taken from the Index-Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon-General’s Office, United States Army, ii. 867. There should be a copy in the Boston Medical Library, but the volume containing the pamphlet cannot now be found.

283. See p. 162 note 2, below.

284. Dr. John Fothergill (1712–1780). There is no allusion to this alleged plan either in Pettigrew’s Memoir of Lettsom or in Lettsom’s “Life of Dr. John Fothergill” prefixed to Lettsom’s edition of Fothergill’s Works (1784) and published separately the same year.

285. Drs. Dexter, Warren, and Waterhouse.

286. Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse (1754–1846; M.D. Leyden 1780; h M.D. Harvard 1786).

287. Dr. Benjamin Haskell (H. C. 1789).

288. Theft was not an uncommon charge against students in the eighteenth century.

289. See p. 162 note 1, below.

290. See p. 159 note 2, above.

291. At a Corporation meeting held June 9, 1790, the following action was taken:

“7. Whereas M^r Amos Windship has represented that he was admitted a Member of this University in the year 1767, but, being under the direction of his Guardian, was induced to dissolve his connexion therewith at the commencement of his Sophomore year, and has petitioned to be admitted to the degree of Master of Arts; and whereas a number of respectable Gentlemen, who were his Classmates, have represented him as a person of such character and acquirements as to deserve the honor for which he petitions, and to have his name inserted in it’s place in his Class, and pray that his request may be granted: Therefore,

“Voted, that the degree of Master of Arts be conferred on M^r Amos Windship, and that his name be inserted in the Class to which he belonged.

Degree of A.M. to be conferred on M^r Windship.

“8 The medical Professors having represented by a written Memorial, that M^r Amos Windship Physician, desirous of obtaining the honor of the degree of Bachelor of Physic, has complied with the requisitions contained in the medical Institution of this University so far as to have attended two courses of Lectures in their respective branches; and that upon private enquiry they find him capable of passing such an examination, as is prescribed in said Institution; and that, in their opinion, he is duly qualified for the degree of Bachelor of Physic; but at the same time having represented, that he passed an examination publickly for an appointment as Surgeon and Physician in the late Continental army, and bore a Commission as Surgeon of a Frigate in the American service, by virtue of which, he supported the rank of Seniority in the naval Line; and also, that he has been honored by an election into the Medical Society of London; and in consideration of his age and all the circumstances aforesaid, the medical Professors having humbly suggested to the Government of the University the propriety of dispensing with the public examination, usual on these occasions, and conferring the degree on the specialty of the case,

“Voted, that the public examination be in this case dispensed with, and that M^r Amos Windship receive the degree of Bachelor of Physic, at the next Commencement, upon his complying with the other requisites of the medical Institution.”

Degree of M.B. to be conferred on M^r Amos Windship.

And under date of July 21, Commencement Day, is the entry: “N. B. M^r Amos Windship was admitted to the degree of Master of Arts and also Bachelor of Physic agreeably to the votes 7^th & 8^th at a meeting of the Corporation on June 9, 1790” (College Book viii. 296–297, 299). On June 17th the Overseers “concurred” the Corporation votes of June 9 (Overseers’ Records, iv. 48–50).

Amos’s allusion to his guardian, under whose direction he was “induced to dissolve his connexion” with the College, is amusing, for his guardian had died in 1765 (see p. 144 note 1, above) and he was himself twenty-two years old when he entered Harvard.

On one point only was Mr. Eliot at fault in his account of Windship’s degrees. I t was unusual, but not unprecedented, for a student, after leaving College without taking a degree, later to receive a degree and be placed in his Class in the Triennial Catalogue. “A curious fact to which, apparently, attention is now called for the first time is that the Quinquennial contains the names of several men who never received the A.B. degree at all. Three instances may be given.” Then follow those of Ebenezer Hartshorn (1732), George Erving (1757), and Amos Windship (1771). (Our Publications, xviii. 339 note.) But probably no Harvard man except Windship failed to take the A.B. degree and yet succeeded in collecting three other degrees, no one of which was obtained as the result of an examination. For his degree of M.D. in 1811, which was, so to speak, an accidental one, see p. 144 note 3, above.

In the 1791 Triennial Catalogue appears “Amos Windship Mr 1790 M.B.” The fact that he was a Corresponding Member of the Medical Society of London escaped the notice of the authorities, but attention having been called to the oversight, perhaps in a modest way by Windship himself, in the 1794 Triennial appeared “Amos Windship Mr 1790 M.B. S. M. Lond. Soe. Cor.” And this impressive entry, with the addition of “M.D. 1811” in 1812, continued down through the 1885 edition. The date of death (1811: error for 1813) was first attached to his name in 1845.

292. “Windship & Janes, druggists, S. side of the Market” (Boston Directory, 1796). Cf. Suffolk Deeds, clxii. 91, 128, clxxxii. 29, clxxxiv. 71; and see p. 168 note 1, below.

293. William Montague was born at South Hadley September 23, 1757; served in the Revolution from May 8 to July 16, 1777, from August 17 to November 29, 1777, and from July 15 to October 10, 1780 (Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors of the Revolutionary War, x. 686); entered Dartmouth College in the Sophomore Class, graduating in 1784; began service at Christ Church as reader November 27, 1785; was ordained priest at Philadelphia by Bishop William White July 1, 1787; and died at Dedham July 22, 1833.

294. Rev. Dr. William Walter (1737–1800; H. C. 1756).

295. See p. 165 note 1, below.

296. Here a few lines have been omitted by the Editor.

297. The actual facts in regard to this episode are shown by the following statement, based on an examination of the records of both Christ Church, Boston, and Christ Church, Cambridge, kindly furnished by Mr. Merritt:

When Mr. Montague made his visit to England in June, 1789, he was serving as rector of Christ Church, Boston, under a three years’ contract. This contract expired, during his absence, on October 16, 1789. He returned to Boston in August, 1790, and officiated at Christ Church for the major part of the period from August 22, 1790, until May, 1791, though not under a regular contract. Undoubtedly his long absence had alienated the feelings towards him of a considerable portion of the congregation.

In September, 1790, a committee was appointed to confer with the Rev. Dr. William Walter, then located at Shelburne, Nova Scotia, and ask if he would become the minister of Christ Church. But Dr. Walter had already entered into negotiations with Christ Church, Cambridge, and in December, 1790, informed the Boston church that he was so committed that he could only comply with their request by uniting the duties of both churches, and discharging them in part by an assistant. He also suggested that Mr. Montague should officiate alternately with himself. Eventually this plan was carried out and on May 26,

1791, the proprietors of Christ Church, Boston, agreed that Dr. Walter should serve both churches as their minister, and on June 2 Mr. Montague was elected as assistant. A salary of £60 was voted for the year from Easter, 1791, to Easter,

1792, to be divided between the two ministers.

In November, 1791, Dr. Walter’s connection with Christ Church, Cambridge, was terminated on account of his having taken up his residence in Boston, although his arrangement with the church had stipulated that he should live in Cambridge.

Conditions eventually became unbearable for Mr. Montague, and on March 12, 1792, he wrote the proprietors asking to be released on account of the friction existing in the church, and stating that he did not wish to officiate on the two remaining Sundays under his contract. In this letter he referred to the actions of “those who call themselves the Doctor’s friends” and specified “the unchristian and abusive conduct of some towards me,—their constant endeavor to injure my Character and good name, the dearest possession a man in public life can have—their indecent behavour during the time of most solemn acts of devotion when I am officiating unbecoming the character of civilized beings much more of the disciples of the meek and lowly Jesus.”

The proprietors replied to this request at their annual meeting on Easter Monday, April 9, by electing Mr. Montague as rector by a vote of fourteen as against five for Dr. Walter. Mr. Montague took some time to consider the matter with the idea of trying to see if the opposing factions in the church could be reconciled. But he was apparently unsuccessful, for on May 12 he definitely declined the position, prompted by the desire of acting solely for what seemed the best interests of Christ Church. On May 29, 1792, Dr. Walter was unanimously chosen rector, and filled the office until his death, December 5, 1800.

So far as the records indicate, the relations between the two clergymen were not unfriendly, but the trouble appears to have been caused by the acts of Dr. Walter’s adherents. Although Amos Windship’s name is not mentioned in the records in this connection, it seems not unlikely that he was a principal mover in the matter.

298. Again Mr. Merritt supplies a note:

It is possible that the explanation as to why Dr. Windship became discredited by Dr. Walter may be found in a memorandum which is in the Christ Church Account Book No. 2, or Treasurer’s Ledger, in the handwriting of James Sherman, then senior warden. The page (numbered 30) is headed “Pew N° 30, Doctor Amos Windship,” and the memorandum reads:

Dr. Windship had calmly transferred himself, and his account with the church, from a less prominent pew to the front pew on the floor on the right-hand side of the centre aisle. Both pages 30 and 91 in the Account Book show by a noticeable discoloration of the paper that he had removed the original entries with some form of acid.

At the meeting of September 26, 1791, Mr. Sherman informed the proprietors of the facts, as above stated, saying that for the honor of the church he had been obliged to lay the book before the Attorney-General (James Sullivan), who gave him a letter addressed to a magistrate, which, referring to Windship, read in part: “You will have no doubt of the propriety of holding him to answer at the next Supreme Court.” A committee was then appointed to audit Windship’s account with the church.

At a subsequent proprietors’ meeting, October 21, 1791, Dr. Windship made an acknowledgment, in writing, of his fault, admitting the erasure which he said “was an error in judgement (and for which, I am very sorry) and by no means made to injure the Church or any one connected with it.” His confession was accepted by the proprietors, who also wrote: “Your Honor is requested (if it can be done) to put a Stop to the charge alledged against him.”

299. Rev. Dr. John Lathrop (1740–1816; Princeton 1763). Dr. Lathrop was one of Lettsom’s numerous American correspondents. In a letter to Lettsom dated November 10, 1789, Dr. Lathrop wrote: “I think it was in the month of June last, I received your very obliging letter, together with the acceptable present, in books, which you was pleased to make me. . . . Having perused those valuable tracts myself, I put them into the hands of Dr. Windship, agreeably to your request, and also into the hands of other gentlemen of the faculty in my neighbourhood, that they may receive the same pleasure from them which they have given to me.” And again on November 16, 1791: “By our common friend Dr. Windship, I received your very acceptable letter, together with publications, which gave me pleasure and instruction.” (In Pettigrew’s Memoirs of Lettsom, ii. 449, 445.)

300. This was perhaps in or about 1795. At all events, on January 1, 1796, “Amos Windship of Boston . . . Merchant” constituted and appointed “Samuel Janes of said Boston Merchant, my full Agent & Attorney, to act for me in all cases whatsoever . . . In particular the said Janes is impower’d to answer unto & defend all suits or processes for or against me . . . concerning the house & land in Wing’s lane.” (Suffolk Deeds, clxxxiv. 71.) On August 31, 1796, “Amos Windship . . . Physician” sold the house and land in Wing’s Lane, the deed being signed “Amos Windship by S. Janes” (id. clxxxiv. 72). Windship’s name appears as grantor or grantee in several transactions in 1785–1796 (id. cxlviii. 255, clxii. 91, 128, 135, clxxix. 274, clxxx. 133, 202); and he appears as a witness or is otherwise mentioned in other documents from 1764 to 1798 (id. cvii. 120, cxxr. 65, cxxvii. 158, cli. 213, clxi. 241, clxv. 215, 216, clxxiii. 280, clxxxii. 29, clxxxiv. 1, clxxxvi. 102, clxxxix. 274). On June 27, 1793, he was appointed one of three to appraise certain real estate (id. clxv. 215, 216); and on February 22, 1788, was appointed administrator of the estates of John and Thomas Melony (id. clxii. 91; Suffolk Probate Files, nos. 15201, 18986). See also p. 163 note 1, above. The name of an Amos Windship, but whether our Dr. Amos Windship is uncertain, is also found in 1773–1786 (id. cxxv. 65, clxi. 241).

301. Perhaps John Webb Checkley, who witnessed a deed August 31, 1796 (Suffolk Deeds, clxxxiv. 72).

302. “Winship, Amos. Surgeon, 12 September, 1799. Last appearance on Records of the Navy Department, 11 August, 1800” (E. W. Callahan, List of Officers of the Navy of the United States and of the Marine Corps from 1775 to 1900, p. 598).

303. “Solis Abraham, interpreter of foreign languages, Middle street” (Boston Directory, 1796). “Solis Abraham, interpreter of languages, Newbury street” (id. 1798). “Solis Abraham, Hinchman’s lane” (id. 1800, 1803, 1805, 1806). “A. Solis” is found in the “Names of the Inhabitants of the Town of Boston in 1790” (Boston Records, xxii. 469).

304. The Herald was commanded by Charles C. Russell: see G. W. Allen, Our Naval War with France, pp. 81, 162, 187, 221; Callahan, List of Officers, etc., p. 477.

305. Gov. John Taylor Gilman (1753–1828).

306. Windship’s second wife died at Exeter, N. H., on March 27, 1804: see p. 149 note 1, above.

307. This was Abigail Lawrence, whom he married in 1808: see p. 149 note 1, above. In the Boston Directory for 1806 is the entry: “Lawrence Abigail, milliner, 58, Middle Street.” The same entry appears in the Directory for 1807, except that the address is “69 Fish Street.” In the Directory for the same year (1807) is the entry: “Winship Amos, physician, 69 Fish Street.” Thus Mr. Eliot’s statement that Windship was boarding with Abigail Lawrence is confirmed. No Directory was published in 1808. In that for 1809 is the entry: “Winship Amos, physician, 26 Fish street.” That was the last appearance of Dr. Amos Windship’s name in the Directory, but in that for 1810 is found: “Winship Abigail, milliner Ship street.”

Earlier Directories yield some information. In the first (1789) is the entry: “Windship Amos, physician and apothecary, Hanover street, near the Mill bridge.” None were issued in the years 1790–1795, 1797, 1799, 1801, 1802, 1804. In 1796 we find: “Windship, physician, Hanover street, near the Mill bridge.” His name is not in the 1798 edition. In 1800 is the entry: “Winship Amos, physician, S. Bennet street.” His name is not in the issues of 1803, 1805, or 1806. Under the heading “Physicians and Surgeons” in the 1789 edition is “Amos Windship, Hanover-street.” No such heading is found in the 17961806 issues. Under “Physicians and Surgeons practising in Boston” is found in 1807: “Doctor Amos Winship, No. 69 Fish street;” and in 1809: “Amos Winship, Fish street.”

Mr. Eliot’s statement about Mrs. Lawrence is confirmed by the Norfolk Deeds. In a deed (xxxi. 71) dated March 10, acknowledged March 12, and entered March 14, 1808, Mrs. Lawrence is described as “Abigail Lawrence of Boston, Widow,” and Amos Windship was a witness. In later deeds she appears as Abigail Windship, wife of Dr. Amos Windship. Cf. xxix. 204, xxx. 181, 202, xxxii. 236.

308. Inadvertently written “her.”

309. He died at Wellfleet June 26, 1813: see p. 144 note 5, above.

310. Rev. Dr. John Eliot (1754–1813; H. C. 1772), an older brother of the writer of the sketch.

311. J. G. Shea (Life and Times of the Most Rev. John Carroll, p. 315) gives the number as “fifty or sixty.” The Very Rev. William Byrne (Memorial History of Boston, iii. 515) estimates them at about one hundred. The Rev. Peter Ronan (Memorial Volume of the One Hundredth Anniversary Celebration of the Dedication of the Church of the Holy Cross, Boston, p. 53) says there were about one hundred.

312. Suffolk Deeds, lxxvi. 129.

313. Selectmen’s Minutes, October 10, 1784: “Rev^d Mr. Croswell having applied to the Selectmen for liberty for his Congregation to meet with him at the South Grammar School for the purpose of preaching during the Winter Months—their Building being much out of Repair, Liberty was accordingly granted, on condition that any damage that shall arise, be made good” (Boston Records, xxv. 254).

314. Snow (History of Boston, p. 340), 1784; Dearborn (Boston Notions, pp. 332, 333), 1784; Rev. J. M. Finotti (Bibliographia Catholica Americana, p. 224), 1788; Shea (Life of Carroll, p. 314), 1788; Kenney (Centenary of the See of Boston, p. 190), between 1784 and 1788. Ronan (Memorial Volume of the One Hundredth Anniversary Celebration, p. 53): “The nucleus of the first Catholic parish in Boston was formed according to some authorities in 1784 and according to others in 1788. We can take our choice of dates.”

315. I am indebted to M. Ægidius Fauteux, Librarian of the Bibliotheque Saint-Sulpice, Montreal, for the information that “Letters preserved in the Archives of the Archbishopric of Quebec show that prior to his founding of the Holy Cross Church in Boston La Potherie had tried to secure a position in Canada. In a letter of October 6th 1788, he asks the bishop of Quebec for the favor of being admitted in his diocese and he boasts of his attachment to his duties, of his zeal, etc. The bishop’s answer was a flat refusal. On March 1st following (1789) he wrote the bishop of Quebec, that his situation having changed in Boston, he believed it was his duty to remain in that city, as an instrument in the hands of God to extend his blessings to that part of Northern America.”

316. William A. Leahy, in History of the Catholic Church in the New England States, i. 17 note 1

317. The entry is undated, but the previous entry is of November 6, and the following one is of November 13. See also 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, iii. 308.

318. Now known as Cap Haitien.

319. Massachusetts Centinel, August 23, 30, September 3, 17, 24, October 1, 1788; Independent Chronicle, August 28, September 4, 18, 25, October 2, 1788. The name of the commander is also written as Senneville, Saineville and Saneville.

320. Address “To the Publick,” p. 3. This pamphlet was probably issued late in February or early in March, 1789: see p. 190 note 2, below.

321. The American Catholic Historical Researches (vol. xxi.) contains a list of “Chaplains of the French in the American Revolution” compiled from “Les Combattans Francais de la Guerre Amdricaine, 1778–1783,” Paris, 1903. (Reprinted as a Senate document, Washington, D.C., 1905.) The compiler identifies the Abbé de la Poterie as the priest mentioned in two entries: in fleet of Comte de Grasse, “L’Hector, 1781–2, . . . Abbe Poterie, secular” (p. 3); in fleet of Comte de Ternay, Le Neptune, February 1780–June 1783, “Abbe Potterie [secular priest]” (p. 4). “Abbé Poterie, of L’Hector and the Le Neptune, became the founder of the Church in Boston” (p. 5). “Abbé La Poterie was the founder of the church in Boston, but not otherwise with a creditable record” (p. 6).

322. Address “To the Publick,” pp. 2–4.

323. The second edition of the Dictionnaire de la Noblesse which he cited was published in fifteen volumes, Paris, 1770–1786. A third edition in nineteen volumes was published at Paris, 1863–1876. In this edition material which had appeared in supplementary volumes in the second edition is distributed in its proper place in alphabetical sequence.

324. Dictionnaire de la Noblesse, 3rd ed., iii. 634. This is the first appearance of the title, Sieur de la Poterie.

325. Id. iii. 635.

326. Id. xvii. 900, 901.

327. History of the Catholic Church in the New England States, i. 18; Memorial Volume of the One Hundredth Anniversary Celebration, p. 54.

328. Herald of Freedom, January 8, 1790, p. 1/1.

329. Monday, November 3, 1788, p. 3/3.

330. P. 3/3–4. “All Saints Day” should of course have been written All Souls Day. This notice is inserted in the news columns but is placed between quotation marks. Judging from its style it was probably communicated by La Poterie himself.

331. Id.

332. Massachusetts Centinel, December 16, 1789, p. 2/2.

333. Address “To the Publick,” p. 4.

334. Id. p. 4.

335. Herald of Freedom, December 22, 1788, p. 2/1.

336. John Carroll, born Upper Marlborough, Maryland, January 8, 1735; admitted to novitiate as a Jesuit, 1753; ordained priest, 1759; took the four solemn vows and became a Professed Father, February 2, 1771. On June 6, 1784, Pope Pius VI confirmed his appointment as Superior of the Missions in the thirteen United States of America and conferred on him power to administer confirmation; on November 6, 1789, Carroll was appointed Bishop and on August 15, 1790, consecrated as the first Catholic Bishop in the United States at Lulworth Castle, England, by the Right Rev. Charles Walmesley; 1808, Archbishop; December 3, 1815, died at Baltimore. (Shea, Life of Carroll; Catholic Encyclopedia, iii. 381–383.)

337. Joseph Philippe Letombe. Described in Boston Directory, 1789, as “Letombe, Mons. Hon. Consul of France, Oliver’s-lane.”

338. Pastoral Letter, dated February 22, 1789, pp. 2 and note, 3.

339. La Poterie’s capacity for self-advertisement is shown even in the Boston Directory for 1789, where he occupies about double the space allotted to anyone else: “Poterie (de la) Claude, Roman catholic priest, vice-prefect, and missionary apostolic, rector of the church in south Latin School-street, dedicated to God under the title of the Holy Cross, Oliver’s lane.”

340. Address “To the Publick,” January 29, 1789. See p. 190 note 2, below.

341. Pastoral Letter, February 22, 1789. See p. 190 note 2, below.

342. “To the Publick;” the pamphlet of four pages. See p. 190 note 2, below.

343. The pamphlet opens with the words: “On the Fourth of February ult. 1789, a Frenchman by the name of LOUIS ABRAHAM WELSH, born and baptised in the parish of Saint Hyacinthus, of the Cabesterre, Island of Guadaloupe . . . being on his death-bed.” A copy of this pamphlet in the Belknap Papers, in the Massachusetts Historical Society, pasted into a folio scrap-book, is followed by a printed circular letter, without signature but dated March 3, 1789, and addressed to the Rev. Jeremy Belknap. It apparently was employed as a cover, though whether it had contained this special pamphlet, or not, cannot be accurately determined. La Poterie had evidently had it printed to send with appeals for aid. It reads:

(Transcribed from an undated copy in the Harvard College Library.)

344. Shea, Life of Carroll, pp. 314, 315.

345. This reference is probably to the first inauguration of President Washington, April 30, 1789.

346. Herald of Freedom, Friday, April 24, 1789, p. 3/3.

347. Belknap Papers, ii. 123.

348. Herald of Freedom, January 15, 1790, p. 1/1. I am also indebted to M. Fauteux for a copy of the following letter which La Poterie sent the Bishop of Quebec under date of May 16, 1789. It was evidently written soon after his return to Boston from Baltimore:

349. Rev. William O’Brien, born in Ireland, 1740; took his theological course at Bologna; labored in Philadelphia until September, 1787; appointed pastor of St. Peter’s Church, New York, November, 1787, where he served until 1807; died May 14, 1816. (United States Catholic Historical Society, Historical Records and Studies, i. 200, 201.)

350. Shea, Life of Carroll, p. 315. Cf. Rev. Thomas Hughes, History of the Society of Jesus in North America, Documents, vol. i. pt. ii. p. 688: letters calendared of Father Carroll to Rev. Charles Plowden, May 8 and July 12, 1789. These letters are quoted at some length in the United States Catholic Magazine, viii. 102, 103. Under May 8, 1789: “I have been grossly deceived by one from whom I expected much, and who opened his ministry in Boston. He is a Frenchman, calling himself La Poterie, and procured indisputable recommendation, but has turned out a sad rascal.” Under July 12, 1789: “Some time ago, I was much pleased with the letters, (which were written in the language of an apostle,) of a French priest, who had wandered to Boston. I received several letters of strong recommendation, testimonials, etc., all which joined to his own sentiments of submission, induced me to grant him faculties for a short time.” After referring to his beginning services in Boston, Carroll stated that “he proceeded to make some publications which soon convinced me of his imprudence. He soon after discovered himself to be of an infamous character. His faculties are revoked, and he now proceeds to every abuse of me as a Jesuit, aiming at nothing in all my manoeuvres, but to re-establish the Order here under title of American Clergy. . . . His name is La Poterie. Luckily the French corps diplomatique here are well acquainted with his character.” Some months later, December 2, 1789, the Rev. William T. Thorpe wrote from Rome to Dr. Carroll in regard to La Poterie’s earlier history, stating that he belonged to the diocese of Angers in France, and that he had an income from his family of over £100 sterling a year; that he had disgraced his name and his character in various countries, and had been expelled from the diocese of Paris; and that both at Rome and at Naples he had run away from the city without paying for his lodgings. (American Catholic Historical Researches, xvii. 136.)

351. Bibliographia Catholica Americana, p. 224.

352. Herald of Freedom, January 8, 1790, p. 1/1.

353. Id. “Massone and Garraux, bakers, Middlecot-street” (Boston Directory, 1789).

354. Herald of Freedom, January 8, 1790, p. 1/1. The other items in the “Estimate of Debts” were:

355. Courier de Boston, Du Jeudi, 11 Juin, 1789, in an article headed “University de Cambridge.”

356. Herald of Freedom, June 19, 1789, p. 1/1. A similar advertisement appeared in the Boston Gazette of June 29, p. 4/3.

357. Massachusetts Centinel, December 16, 1789, p. 2/2.

358. Herald of Freedom, January 8, 1790, p. 1/2.

359. Life of Carroll, p. 315. M. Fauteux very kindly has sent me a copy of an address which was published by La Poterie in the Gazette de Montrdal of October 29, 1789. This proclamation appeared in French, and also in English as follows:

Montreal, 29th Oct. 1789

The Abbé de la Poterie founder of the first Roman Catholic Chapel at Boston, which he there dedicated to God under the invocation and title of the Holy Cross the 1st November 1788, being just arrived from Quebec in this City, and now on the eve of his departure from this Province of Canada, intending to Boston and from thence to Europe, has the honor to present his most humble respects and thanks to those benevolent people who have shewed themselves eager to lighten the burthen of his troubles, by opening their souls to the dictate of sensibility, and pouring into his heart numerous comforts of every species. He will implore without ceasing the Father of Mercies to shower down every kind of blessing on a country, in which he would have willingly settled: Hoping that the most constant prosperity, the most unalterable peace and fidelity to our holy and august Religion will eternize the happiness of those who live in it. O Happiness of Heaven the only true and permanent one, object of our wishes, term of our sighs and end of our exile, be thou the generous reward of all my benefactors! If thro’ necessity and with regret I leave them for the present, I shall ever preserve in my heart the sweet Hope of seeing them again in the mansions of everlasting Felicity. Yes, grant Heaven! that after the painful Pilgrimage thro’ this valley of tears and tribulations we may all arrive at the Harbour of Salvation, in the Land of the Living, where we shall be no longer subject to vicissitudes or contradictions.

La Potherie, French Clergyman

360. See sketch of Louis de Rousselet, pp. 191–211, below.

361. I am again indebted to M. Fauteux for permission to print the following letter, addressed to the Bishop of Quebec, from a manuscript copy in the Bibliothéque Saint-Sulpice:

Boston, 2 Janvier 1790

monseigneur.

Au milieu de vos pieuses occupations, oserai-je supplier votre Grandeur de les interrompre un moment pour me faire la grace de répondre à celle-ci.

Depuis peu est venu dans cette ville un Ecclésiastique nommé la Poterie, suspendu au mois de juillet dernier par notre digne supérieur, qui publie partout avoir été singulièrement bien accueilli par votre Grandeur, ainsi que par tout votre respectable Clergé, qui dit de plus qu’il étoit pour jamais dans le cas de mériter votre confiance dans toute l’étendue de votre juridiction si les lois du Canada n’y étoient pas contraires, comme étant Ecclésiastique français, qui dit encore avoir reçu de votre Grandeur ou de tout autre Ecclésiastique dans l’éntendue de votre juridiction tout ce qui est nécessaire pour célébrer les Saints Mystères, jusqu’aux saintes huiles même dont il se dit porteur. Comme cet Ecclésiastique au mépris de la suspension a osé depuis la fin du mois de novembre commencer de célébrer les Saints Mystères en deux ou trois endroits de notre Amérique, j’ose supplier votre Grandeur de vouloir bien se donner la peine de me répondre à celle-ci à l’effet de connoître clairement la vérité; si votre Grandeur daigne en même temps me donner quelques instructions sur la conduite qu’il a tenue en Canada, elle obligera bien réellement celui qui a l’honneur de se dire avec un très profond respect, Monseigneur, votre très humble et très obéissant serviteur. Louis de Rousselet, prêtre Missionnaire Apostolique et Curé de l’Eglise Cathédrale de Boston.

The reply to Father de Rousselet’s letter was as follows:

quebec, 1er mars 1790

Votre lettre du 2 janvier au sujet de Mr. de la Poterie, n’est parvenue que hier. L’absence de Monseigneur I’Eveque et le prompt départ du Mr. qui a apporté la lettre m’oblige de vous répondre moi-même à la place de Sa Grandeur.

Mr. de la Poterie a été trés mal reçu ici parce qu’il n’avait rien qui attestat la légitimité de son émigration et depuis nous nous sommes beaucoup félicité de l’avoir mal reçu, car il a causé ici bien des peines comme nous avons sçu qu’il en avait causé à Monseigneur Carroll. II n’a pas eu le moindre pouvoir Ecclésiastique, méme de dire la messe. Et pendant qu’il étoit à Québec, j’ai moi-même fort veillé à ce qu’il ne la dit pas. S’il a recu des omements de quelque particulier pour dire la Sainte Messe ou les Saintes huiles, c’est sans autorité.

Qu’il ne dise pas que c’est la qualité de Français qui l’en a sevré, c’est surtout parce que nous l’avons, dès le commencement, regardé comme un aventurier. Pendant qu’il a demeuré à Québec, (je ne sais ce qu’il a fait à Montréal) il ne s’est point du tout conduit selon les avis qu’on lui donnait; il a même fait imprimer des écrits assez impertinents contre Monseigneur l’Evêque. Quand il s’est enfin déterminé à partir, nous y avons contribué de notre bourse avec bien du plaisir car nous étions fort fatigues de sa présence.

362. Literary Diary, iii. 375, 376.

363. P. 3/2. This notice, which appears in the news columns under the heading of “Providence, December 12,” is inserted between quotation marks, and was in all probability communicated by La Poterie himself.

364. It was advertised in the Providence Gazette of December 12 (3/3) as: “Just received, and for Sale by the Printer hereof, Price One Shilling and Sixpence. . . .” This was repeated in the Gazette of December 19. In Boston it was advertised in the Herald of Freedom, Tuesday, December 15, 1789, (3/3): “This day is Published, (Price 1/6) and now selling at the Boston Bookstore No. 58 Cornhill, A Pamphlet &c. . . .” The advertisement was repeated in the issues of December 18 and 22. In both papers the notice was signed: “By a Friend to good Government.” I have not succeeded in locating an advertisement in Philadelphia. The imprint on the title-page reads: “Printed in Philadelphia, 1789. [Price Half-a-Dollar].” It looks as if La Poterie had brought the books along with him, and placed them on sale in Providence and Boston.

365. “Ricci, Lorenzo, General of the Society of Jesus, b. at Florence 2 Aug. 1703; d. at the Castle of Sant’ Angelo, Rome, 24 Nov., 1775” (Catholic Encyclopedia, xiii. 33).

366. “. . . my Intention was . . . to put the People of America on their Guard, by a true State of Facts respecting that Class of Men who are every Day attempting more and more to gain FOOTING in this Country” (p. 28).

367. Herald of Freedom, January 8, 1790, p. 1/1–3. The charge of being a Jesuit, which he hurled against de Rousselet, was probably only rhetorical effervescence. The fact that his name does not appear in the Rev. Thomas Hughes’s very comprehensive list of Jesuits and ex-Jesuits in America (History of the Society of Jesus in North America, Text, ii. 678–704) would seem to be sufficient evidence that he was not one. The Rev. William O’Brien was a Dominican (Shea, Life of Carroll, pp. 310, 323, 429, 430). La Poterie’s actual target, of course, was Father Carroll, who was a Jesuit. In the Resurrection of Laurent Ricci, he uncovered his real grievance in a recital of alleged instances of “Arts and Ambitions” of Jesuits. “In erecting the Chapels opened at New-York and Boston, by foreign Ecclesiastics, they have occasioned and been guilty of the most shocking Offences, in Order to remove them, under various Pretences, and appoint others in their Room. . . . At Boston, they have lately given a great Deal of Trouble and Uneasiness to the French secular Priest, who had sacrificed his Fortune-Means, and his whole Zeal for the august Ceremonies of that holy Religion, and when, through the Liberality of the Bostonians, his Labours were going to be crowned with Success, by the peaceful Establishment of his Chapel, they thought proper to step into his Place, by sending to supplant him, a sly and artful Subject,—the Slave of Jesuitism” (Resurrection of Laurent Ricci, pp. v–vi).

368. Herald of Freedom, January 8, 1790.

369. Herald of Freedom, Friday, January 15, 1790, pp. 1/1–3, 2/1.

370. Id. p. 1/3. Baury de Bellerive was a prominent figure in a controversy with the French Consul over a question concerning supplies furnished to the French squadron which came to Boston in September, 1789. The Herald of Freedom during the month of December, 1789, contained a series of charges and countercharges relating to the affair.

371. See sketch of John Thayer, pp. 211–229, below.

372. Herald of Freedom, January 19, 1790, p. 2/3.

373. Massachusetts Centinel, Wednesday, December 16, 1789, p. 2/3. Under date of September 7, 1790, Bishop Carroll wrote from London to Father Plowden at Lulworth Castle that “Today likewise I had a letter from Cardinal Antonelli. . . . In the latter part he informs me of his having received a letter full of complaints and invectives against me from La Poterie; which he and the Congregation utterly disregarded, and only felt indignation against the writer.” (Hughes, History of Society of Jesus, Documents, vol. i. pt. ii. p. 689.) This may indicate that La Poterie was then in Europe, though it is equally possible that his letter was written from the United States or the West Indies. B. U. Campbell (United States Catholic Magazine, viii. 103) states that “he departed for the West Indies.”

374. Life of Carroll, p. 315, note 4.

A bibliographical note on La Poterie’s writings is appended:

1. 1 To the Publick. Broadside of two columns; dated January 29, 1789; printed by S. Hall. MHS. BPL. HC.
2. 2 Pastoral Letter. Pp. 24. “Given at Boston, in North-America, under our hand, and the seal of our arms, the 22nd of February, Quinquagesima Sunday, anno salutis, 1789.—Signed, La POTERIE, Vice-Prefect and Apostolick Missionary, Curate of the Holy Cross at Boston.” (P. 9.) Pastoral Letter, pp. [1]—9; The Order of the publick Offices, and of the Divine Service, during the Fortnight of Easter, pp. [10]–16; An Abridged Formula of the Priest’s Discourse, pp. [17]–24. MHS. BPL. BA. HC.
3. 3 To the Publick. Pp. 4, n.d., probably end of February or early in March, 1789; signed “La Poterie, Vice Prefect &c.” Contains “list of Credentials,” pp. 3–4. MHS. BPL. HC.
4. 4 The Resurrection of Laurent Ricci; or, A True and Exact History of the Jesuits. [Device] Printed in Philadelphia, 1789. [Price Half-a-Dollar]. Pp. 28. Title-page, 1 leaf; Dedication, To the New Laurent Ricci in America, 1 leaf; A well-meant CAUTION to the UNITED STATES of AMERICA, on the Danger of admitting that turbulent Body of Men called JESUITS among them, pp. [v]–vi; To all Christian Congregations of the United States of America, particularly Roman Catholics. A true and exact History of the Jesuit Refugees, residing in Maryland and Philadelphia. Pp. [7]–28. BA. This was advertised in the Providence Gazette, December 12 and 19, 1789, and in the Herald of Freedom, Boston, December 15, 18, and 22, 1789.

As La Poterie’s last two communications to the Herald of Freedom are very characteristic of the man, and contain quite a full account of his experiences, they are also noted:

1. 1 Herald of Freedom, Friday, January 8, 1790, p. 1/1–3. To the Impartial Public, p. 1/1–2; Advertisement, p. 1/2–3. MHS. BPL.
2. 2 Herald of Freedom, Friday, January 15, 1790, pp. 1/1–3, 2/1. To the Impartial Public and particularly Roman Catholics. MHS. BPL.

375. Very Rev. William Byrne, in Memorial History of Boston, iii. 515.

376. Rev. Arthur T. Connolly, in United States Catholic Historical Magazine, ii. 265.

377. Shea, Life of Carroll, p. 389. Shea, as is shown by his citations, followed B. U. Campbell, who, in 1849, contributed to the United States Catholic Magazine a series of articles on the Early History of the Catholic Church in Boston. Campbell wrote: “The next pastor at Boston was Rev. Louis Rousselet, a Frenchman also, and by an unfortunate coincidence, also under censures of his former bishop, when he arrived in this country. This, however, was unknown to Dr. Carroll, and, as Rousselet was well recommended and spoke English, he was appointed pastor at Boston, with the expectation that he would soon be joined or succeeded by Rev. Mr. Thayer, whose return from Europe was daily expected. Some unfavorable reports as to the conduct of Mr. Rousselet induced Dr. Carroll to dismiss him in 1790, or early in 1791” (United States Catholic Magazine, viii. 103). Mr. Campbell stated that he had drawn on an article on the early history of the Boston Church which appeared in the Catholic Observer for 1847. I have not been able to locate a file of the Observer for that year.

378. The Rev. John Carroll was elected Bishop in May, 1789. (R. H. Clarke, Lives of the Deceased Bishops of the Catholic Church in the United States, i. 67.) See also p. 178 note 4, above.

379. Columbian Centinel, February 2, 1791, p. 4/2.

380. See p. 188, above.

381. Massachusetts Centinel, Saturday, December 26, 1789, p. 3/1.

382. Massachusetts Centinel, Wednesday, December 30, 1789, p. 2/3.

383. Diary, i. 133. The “uncomfortable situation” possibly was due to the destruction of the pews on the preceding evening.

384. See sketch of John Thayer, pp. 211–229, below.

385. Boston Gazette, Monday, January 11, 1790, p. 3/3.

386. Massachusetts Centinel, Saturday, April 24, 1790, p. 3/1.

387. Diary, i. 161, 165, 182.

388. Columbian Centinel, September 15, 1790, p. 4/1. The letter is prefaced with the heading: “Extract of a letter from the Right Reverend John Carrol, Roman Catholick Bishop of Baltimore, to the Congregation of the Church of the Holy Cross, in Boston.”

389. Columbian Centinel, February 2, 1791, p. 4/2. This letter is followed by a copy of the powers:

Joannes, Episcopus Baltimori, Rev: Dom. ac fratri, Ludovico de Rousselet, Sacerdoti, salutem in Domino Sempiternam. Cum Soepe institerint Catholici Bostonienses, ut unum aliquem sibi Pastorem constituerem, te carissime frater, de cujus virtute, zelo, prudentiâ et doctrina, tarn ex plurimis, quae mihi exhibuisti documentis, quàm ex vitæ tenore abundé constat, ad illud manus designo, Deum que enixe precor, ut illud et tibi et aliis Salutare fiat. Signed,

JOANNES, BALTIMORI EPISCOPUS

Baltimori, die 1 Junii, an 1790.

True copy, from the originals in our hands.

The words soepe and manus are obvious misprints for saepe and munus.

390. Columbian Centinel, September 15, 1790, p. 4/1.

391. Diary, i. 188. The last sentence in this entry is somewhat ambiguous, but in all probability the pronoun “he” refers to Thayer. Bentley followed his career with interest and makes frequent references to him in his Diary. At this time it appears as if Thayer was prepared to accept the situation as outlined by the Bishop. In the Columbian Centinel, Saturday, July 10, 1790, this notice appeared: “Mr. Thayer will preach tomorrow and the following Sunday, at eleven o’clock in the morning, and at six in the evening. He will also preach at 6 o’clock on Tuesday and Thursday next. After which six discourses he will probably be absent the greatest part of the season” (p. 3/3). He may have had in mind the mission to the Penobscot Indians, which was under the nominal care of the Boston Church.

392. Diary, i. 192.

393. Thayer is said to have “secured from the Perkins family, the owners of the old Huguenot chapel, a lease of the building.” (Connolly, Historical Sketch of the Rev. John Thayer, United States Catholic Historical Magazine, ii. 266. Cf. Memorial History of Boston, iii. 515; and p. 219, below.) I have been unable to ascertain the owners of the property at this time.

394. I.e. p. 262 of the Ms. Diary, or p. 192 of the printed Diary.

395. Diary, i. 194.

396. Columbian Centinel, September 15, 1790, p. 4/1–2.

397. Columbian Centinel, September 15, 1790, p. 4/1.

398. Columbian Centinel, September 18, 1790, p. 3/3. In view of Thayer’s controversial propensities in press, pulpit, and private life, his statement may fairly be called disingenuous. Bentley, who evidently followed the controversy with interest, noted on Monday, September 20, that “The matter of the Catholic Church in Boston is debated in the Boston Papers. Thayer appeared in the Centinel of last Saturday, bids defiance to his enemies, refuses to give any satisfaction in the Gazette” (Diary, i. 196).

399. Columbian Centinel, October 2, 1790, p. 4/1.

400. Thayer, however, did present his side of the case to the Bishop in two letters written in September and October, 1790, which are preserved in the Baltimore Archives. Whether they were received by the Bishop while in England, or only on his return to Baltimore, cannot be stated. (See p. 219 note 5, below.)

401. “Arrived . . . In the Brig Hope, from Guadaloupe, the Treasurer of that Island, his Lady, and family came passengers” (Massachusetts Centinel, Saturday, May 29, 1790, p. 3/1).

402. “Died, on the 4th Instant, at Dedham. Mr. Breckvelt de Larive (a French Gentleman) late Treasurer of the Island of Guadaloupe, and its Dependencies; who came (with his Family) into this Country, for the Benefit of his Health” (Boston Gazette, November 8, 1790, p. 3/2). Also noted in the Columbian Centinel, November 10, and Independent Chronicle, November 11.

403. “The Rev. Mr. Lewis de Rousselet, Pastor of the Roman Catholick Congregation, in this town, will sail to-morrow, on a visit to the Penobscot tribe; he hopes to be back in a few weeks, and will be very happy to gratify the great desire many gentlemen, his friends, have to learn the French and Spanish Languages, to open his Day and Evening School, the 15th of November next, in his House, Union-street, No. 23. N.B. Prayers will be read every Sunday, at said House, where any who are well-disposed may attend” (Columbian Centinel, October 20, 1790, p. 3/2).

404. Boston Gazette, November 8, 1790, p. 3/2.

405. November 10, 1790, p. 2/4.

406. November 24, 1790, p. 3/2.

407. Columbian Centinel, Wednesday, December 1, 1790, p. 3/2.

408. Trinity Church Records. Ms. copy in Trinity Church.

409. Id.

410. P. 3/2.

411. Belknap Papers, ii. 240, 241. Dr. Belknap evidently utilized one shot for two targets.

412. Herald of Freedom, December 28, 1790. On the 7th inst. the ship Sampson, Captain Moore, arrived at Baltimore from London. In her came “the Right Rev. Doctor John Carrol, lately consecrated Bishop of the Catholic See in America” (p. 3/1).

413. P. 1/3–4.

414. P. 4/2.

415. Pp. 192, 195, above.

416. P. 4/1.

417. The Boston Gazette of February 28, 1791, contained the following entry from the proceedings of the Massachusetts House of Representatives under date of February 21: “A petition from a number of French, Irish and American Catholics, praying for the use of the Representatives Chamber in the recess of the Court, they being destitute of a place of worship. Read and committed to Mr. Breck, Mr. Gardiner and Mr. Bacon” (p. 2/2). Unfortunately the original of this petition is not to be found among the State Archives, and it cannot be ascertained whether it was presented by the followers of de Rousselet, or not.

418. “THE Rev. John Thayer, of this town, is arrived in Philadelphia. It is supposed he there intends to follow the trade of Convert-Making” (Herald of Freedom, May 13, 1791, p. 3/1).

419. P. 3/1.

420. Herald of Freedom, Friday, June 3, 1791, p. 3/3. Cf. Columbian Centinel, Saturday, June 4, 1791, p. 3/1.

421. John Hancock.

422. Bentley recorded May 27, that he “Was introduced by M^r Clarke to D^r Carroll, Bp. of the Catholics in America, whom I found to be an intelligent & very agreeable man.” On May 29 he noted: “An invitation from M^r Barrell of Boston to dine on Tuesday next with Bp. Carroll.” (Diary i. 262.)

423. Columbian Centinel, Wednesday, June 8, 1791, p. 3/2. Cf. Herald of Freedom, June 7, 1791, p.3/1. Bentley noted June 8: “D^r Parker of the Episcopal Church in Boston, for the first time, an example from any person of his Communion, officiated at the Artillery Election. The people would not consent that the service should be in his own Church, but at the usual place. He read a prayer composed for the occasion, introduced with the passages of scripture used in his own Liturgy” (Diary, i. 263, 264).

424. Isaiah Thomas’s Almanac for 1791, interleaved, in possession of the Massachusetts Historical Society.

425. Belknap Papers, ii. 263. On Tuesday the 14th, Dr. Parker preached the annual sermon before the Humane Society at Trinity Church. “Among the auditory we observedjhis Excellency the Governor, the Right Rev. Bishop Carroll, and many respectable and distinguished characters” (Herald of Freedom, June 17, 1791, p. 3/3).

426. Life of Carroll, p. 391.

427. United States Catholic Magazine, viii. 149, 150.

428. Life of Carroll, pp. 391, 392.

429. United States Catholic Magazine, viii. 165.

430. P. 1/3. Bentley recorded in his Diary June 22 that “M^r Thayer was in Town in the triumph of his appointment at Boston, & victory over his rival, Rousselet”. (i. 268).

431. Life of Carroll, pp. 392, 393. Cf. Military Operations in Eastern Maine and Nova Scotia compiled from Journals and Letters of Col. John Allan, pp. 314, 315.

432. As a matter of fact Bishop Carroll had probably by this time planned to send to the Indians a French priest, Father Francis Ciquard, who had accompanied the Rev. Dr. Matignon to this country, arriving in Baltimore in June, 1792. At about the same time that Dr. Matignon took charge of the Boston Church, Father Ciquard went to the Indian Mission. (United States Catholic Magazine, viii. 165.) It is not made clear in Col. Allan’s letter whether the new priest who had come among the Passamaquoddy Indians was de Rousselet, or a priest from Canada. Probably the latter, however, for de Rousselet must have been well known to Allan. The letter serves to show that in the summer of 1792 de Rousselet was still at the Indian Mission, and also that Thayer’s hostility to him and to his service in New England had neither ceased nor diminished.

433. American Catholic Historical Researches, xvi. 120. In Col. Allan’s Report on the Indian Tribes in 1793, he wrote that a “clergyman arrived among them in October, 1792, a man who appeared well qualify’d for the mission” (Military Operations in Eastern Maine, etc., p. 315). This was undoubtedly Father Ciquard.

434. “Married] at Olympia, (Roxbury) by the Rev. Mr. Rousselet, M. J. J. Madey, of Martinique, to Madame de Cornet* . . .” (Columbian Centinel, Wednesday, September 12, 1792, p. 3/2). This marriage notice, but without the footnote, appeared also in the Independent Chronicle of September 13, p. 3/3.

435. This incident is particularly noteworthy because by this time Dr. Matignon had virtually superseded Father Thayer at the Church of the Holy Cross. If there was any justification for the aspersions which have been cast on the Abbé de Rousselet and his character, it is highly improbable that he would have been selected to perform this marriage by good Catholics, and with the approval of the French residents, or that such action would have been sanctioned by Dr. Matignon.

436. See our Publications, xxiv. 296–299.

437. T. Coke, History of the West Indies, ii. 396, 400; B. Edwards, History of the West Indies, iii. 470–474; Biographie Universelle, xx. 131, 132.

438. Shea, Life of Carroll, pp. 315, 316; Campbell, United States Catholic Magazine, viii. 103. Campbell draws a graphic picture of de Rousselet and a number of the Royalists being thrown into prison together, when he stated that he was a suspended priest, but that under the circumstances his powers were sufficient for confession and penance, but that he himself must die without the sacraments. This would give the idea of a deposed, or degraded priest, but I can find no evidence to warrant it. The fact that after the establishment of Thayer as the sole priest in Boston, de Rousselet went to the Indian Mission, presumably with the sanction of the Bishop, would seem to imply that his case was entirely different from that of La Poterie, and that there was no stain on his ecclesiastical character. If he had come under the condemnation of Dr. Carroll, or any other Bishop, it is not conceivable that Thayer would have failed to sound it abroad.

439. Memorial of the Thayer Name, p. 181.

440. Account of Conversion, etc., Baltimore, 1788, pp. 3–4.

441. Ezra Stiles, Literary Diary, ii. 369.

442. I am indebted to the Rev. Anson Phelps Stokes, late University Secretary, for information regarding this broadside, which is a manuscript copy of the original. The entry cited in the text was added to the catalogue by the late Franklin B. Dexter. Thayer’s name has not been found in the broadside catalogues subsequent to 1774. Bentley, who knew both Thayer and his family, spoke of him as “educated at Yale College” (Diary, i. 135). See also Yale Quinquennial Catalogue, 1910, p. 385.

443. Mr. Albert C. Bates, Librarian of the Connecticut Historical Society, has kindly sent me the following note from a copy of Thayer’s Account of his Conversion which was formerly in the possession of Noah Webster (Yale 1778) the lexicographer, and is now in the Watkinson Reference Library: “John Thayer was a Classmate of mine, & a charity scholar, with some genius, but an impudent lying, obstinate temper—N. Webster.”

444. A rather scurrilous review of Thayer’s Account of his Conversion in the American Magazine for September, 1788 (pp. 738, 739), contains the statement that Thayer went to New Haven recommended to the President and tutors who examined and admitted him to the College. Some gentlemen of the town boarded him and the College gave free tuition. He subsisted on charity until the last year of the usual term of residence, when he was guilty of some disorderly conduct and dismissed in disgrace. He pretended to have been honored with a B.A. degree.

This story appears to be purely imaginative. Thayer refers to his family as being in easy circumstances (Account of Conversion, p. 3), and it is highly improbable that he would have received an honorary degree in 1779 if he had been dismissed in disgrace in the previous academic year. President Stiles makes no allusion to any such circumstance, although he referred to him in very unflattering terms after his conversion: “[April] 11. [1791]. In the Even^g visited by Mr. Thayer the Romish Priest; born at Boston a Protestant, commenced his Life in Impudence, Ingratitude, Lying & Hypocrisy, irregularly took up preach^g among the Congregationalists, went to France & Italy, became a Proselyte to the Romish Church, & is returned to convert America to that Chh. . . . Of haughty insolent & insidious Talents” (Literary Diary, iii. 416).

445. Account of Conversion, p. 4.

446. “Thayer, John. Chaplain, Capt. Lieut. William Burbeck’s co; engaged Aug. 11, 1780; discharged May 18, 1781; service 9 mos. 9 days; company raised for defence of Castle and Governor’s Islands and commanded by His Excellency John Hancock. Roll sworn to at Boston” (Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors of the Revolutionary War, xv. 540).

447. Account of Conversion, p. 4.

448. M. J. Spalding, Sketches of the early Catholic Missions in Kentucky, pp. 78, 79.

449. Belknap Papers, iii. 260. Letter endorsed by Jeremy Belknap: “D^r Franklin’s Letter to his Sister about John Thayer” (iii. 261).

I am indebted to the American Philosophical Society for a copy of the following letter of recommendation (Franklin Papers, xxii. 37) from Mrs. Collas (a daughter of Mrs. Mecom) to Dr. Franklin:

cambridge June 6th 1781

My dear and ever Honord Uncle

The bearer of this is M^r Thayer, a young Gentleman Educated at Newhaven Collage, has been Some time a candidate for the Ministry and Chaplian at the Castle, is now going to france, has impertuned me for a letter of introduction to you, which tho I am but very little acquainted with him I could not refuse after making every reasonable apology, his views I am a Stranger to, I am happy in the oppertunity of thanking you for your kindness to M^r Collas when a prisoner and in France Mamma was well three weaks ago, the Gentleman is waiting, and I have only time to assuer you of my filial regard and that I am with respect, veneration, and love

Your ever affectionate and dutifull Neice

Jane Collas

[Endorsed]

His Excellency Benjaⁿ Franklin Esq^r

Paris

In the same collection (Franklin Papers, xxiii. 128) is a letter to Franklin from John Thayer himself, dated Paris, December 20, 1781.

450. The Venerable Benott-Joseph Labre, born 26 March, 1748, died at Rome 16 April, 1783. (Biographie Universelle, xxii. 323, 324.)

451. Manifesto di un Cavaliero Christiano convertito alia Religione Catholica. (Account of Conversion, p. 12.)

452. Account of Conversion. Cf. Rev. Arthur T. Connolly, Historical Sketch of the Rev. John Thayer (United States Catholic Historical Magazine, ii. 261–273); Shea, Life of Carroll, p. 388.

453. Life of Carroll, p. 388. While at the Seminary Thayer paid a visit to Mrs. John Adams at Auteuil, described by her in a letter dated January 18, 1785:

454. Life of Carroll, p. 388. Mr. Thayer entered the Seminary October 18, 1784, and was ordained priest on Saturday, June 2, 1787. On the following day, Trinity Sunday, he celebrated his first Mass in the church of St. Sulpice. (Letter of Rev. Francois Charles Nagot, Director of St. Sulpice, cited in Rass, Die Convertiten seit der Reformation, x. 345–347.)

455. Benjamin Franklin recorded in his private Journal, under date of July 1, 1784, a call from the Papal Nuncio, who informed him that the Pope, on Franklin’s recommendation, had appointed the Rev. John Carroll of Baltimore Superior of the Catholic Clergy in the United States. In the course of their conversation, the Nuncio “spoke lightly of their New Bostonian convert Thayer’s conversion; that he had advised him not to go to America, but settle in France. That he wanted to go to convert his countrymen; but he knew nothing yet of his new religion himself, etc.” (Works, 1888, viii. 512, 513.)

456. B. U. Campbell, Account of the Early History of the Catholic Church in Boston (United States Catholic Magazine, viii. 103).

457. viii. 103.

458. September 4, 1788, p. 3/2. The communication was dated Portsmouth, August 30. This article also appeared in the Freemen’s Journal, Philadelphia, September 24, 1788. (American Catholic Historical Researches, xiii. 11.) There can be little doubt that the substance of this communication was derived from Thayer himself. The Massachusetts Centinel of September 10, 1788 (p. 2/3), contains a reference to the conversation of a gentleman, lately returned from Europe, with the Rev. John Thayer, who purposes to come back to this country.

459. P. 3/1.

460. Diary, i. 135. Thayer himself stated in a letter to a friend, under date of July 17, 1790, that he arrived in Boston on January 4. (United States Catholic Magazine, viii. 116.) Bentley’s entry would seem to establish the day of his arrival as Saturday, January 2.

461. “Yesterday the Rev. Mr. John Thayer, who lately arrived from Rome, via France, and is invested with Holy Orders, for the first time celebrated Divine Service in the Roman Catholic Church in this town” (Boston Gazette, January 11, p. 3/3)

462. See sketch of Louis de Rousselet, pp. 191–211, above.

463. See sketch of the Abbs de la Poterie, pp. 173–190, above.

464. The Massachusetts Historical Society possesses a photostatic copy of this letter. It is endorsed: “Mr Thayer Jan 6–1790–compl^ns of Rouselet, wishes him gone sollicits the Supr^y of the N. E. States.”

465. American Catholic Historical Researches, xxviii. 99, 100, extracted from the Baltimore Archives. The second part of this extract, following the signature J. Thayer, was perhaps written at a later period than the first part, but no date is given and it is cited as printed. The photostatic copy of the letter in the Massachusetts Historical Society shows that the portion of the page following the words J. Thayer, has been cut off. It is possible that the missing portion contained, as a postscript, the second part of the extract cited in the text, since the Bishop’s endorsement on the letter refers to Thayer’s desire for superiority in the New England States, which he had asked for in the second part of his communication.

466. United States Catholic Magazine, viii. 116. The letter was dated July 17, 1790, and was written to the Rev. Francois Charles Nagot. (Rass, Die Convertiten, x. 357.)

467. “Mr Thayer informs the Town, That every Sunday, at six o’clock in the evening, (to begin from to-morrow) he intends preaching a Sermon at the Catholic Chapel in School-Street. As by the General Constitution of these States every one has full right to worship God according to his own conscience, it is expected that no persons will attend who do not design to be serious and quiet hearers. Parents and masters are requested to prevent their children and apprentices from coming to interrupt the attention of those who wish to profit” (Massachusetts Centinel, April 24, 1790, p. 3/1).

468. Diary, i. 161. Bentley replied to Thayer on the 23d, giving the names of some half dozen Catholics in Salem, and stating that he had communicated his letter to two of the Selectmen. In regard to lodgings, he said that if Thayer should call on him, he would furnish all the information in his power, (i. 162.)

469. Diary, i. 165–166. Among the pamphlets were “49 copies of M^r Thayer’s Conversion, . . . 49 Thayer’s Prayers.”

470. i. 182.

471. For a detailed account of the controversy and its settlement, see pp. 196–198, above.

472. Thayer seems at first to have been prepared to accept the situation. The Columbian Centinel, Saturday, July 10, 1790, contained the following notice: “Mr. Thayer will preach tomorrow and the following Sunday, at eleven o’clock in the morning, and at six in the evening. He will also preach at 6 o’clock Tuesday and Thursday next. After which six discourses he will probably be absent the greatest part of the season” (p. 3/3). Bentley recorded on July 27, that “M^r Thayer called upon me, & mentioned his purpose to open a Mass house in this Town. M^r Rousselet having an appointment from the Bishop, & having been publicly received at Boston” (Diary, i. 188).

473. Vol. xxviii of the American Catholic Historical Researches contains two letters from Father Thayer to Bishop Carroll (extracted from the Baltimore Archives), written while the Bishop was abroad. The first was dated September, 1790 (pp. 305–306), the second October 14, 1790 (p. 16), both being in explanation of his position, of the steps which he had taken, and of the existing conditions. They are obviously ex parte statements, confused in their sequence of events, and too long to be quoted in full. His explanation of the obtaining control of the church building is as follows: “On ye next day we applied to ye owner of ye chappel they assur’d us that ye intention in letting Catholics have ye house was rather to oblige ye Irish, whom as a nation they esteemed they knowing them to be more numerous by ye lists produced by both parties & more respectable in point of character, they sign’d & delivered me a lease of ye same; & as they could not get ye keys from Mason [i.e. Masson, the church warden], they forc’d ye door, put on a new lock & gave me ye key; thus I became proprietor, with two others, of ye house” (pp. 305–306).

474. United States Catholic Magazine, viii. 150. The letter was written from Boston, June 11, 1791. See p. 207, above.

475. American Catholic Historical Researches, ix. 42 (extracted from the Baltimore Archives).

476. Columbian Centinel, January 19, 1791, p. 3/1.

477. P. 1/3.

478. Controversy between the Rev. John Thayer, Catholic Missionary, of Boston, and the Rev. George Lesslie, p. iv: see p. 229 note 3, below. Bentley noted on February 4, 1791, that “Mr Thayer the Catholic Missionary, has bid open defiance to all the Clergy of every denomination to dispute with him, & advertised in the Gazette a proposed conference between him & a Mr Leslie. But his antagonist did not appear” (Diary, i. 232).

479. P. 3/3.

480. “Protestantism has not yet opposed the Apostolick Popish Divine. Champion Leslie is slow in his movements and has not yet appeared in Print” (Herald of Freedom, April 12, 1791, p. 3/1). “How happens it that John Thayer, the Popish Champion, still remains unanswered. Where is the Rev. Mis. Leslie hid? Does he dread the whip of Infallibility? Or does not the Missionary fight fair” (id. May 6, 1791, p. 2/2). After his sole appearance in print, the Argus stated September 6, 1791: “THE Rev. Mr. LESSLIE, the writer of the Protestant Bulls, is a slow-worm at composition. Missionary Thayer writes with much celerity, and flounders away where he likes:—Parson L—thinks least said, soonest mended” (p. 3/2). The Argus of August 16, 1791, stated that it would reprint the Thayer-Lesslie controversy as it was desired by a majority of its patrons. It appeared, August 16, 19, 26, 30, September 6, 13, 16, 27 and 30, 1791. The issue of October 4 contained an article by Thayer on the doctrine of Purgatory.

481. P. 3/1.

482. P. 3/2.

483. Controversy, 1793, pp. 40, 41.

484. The Columbian Centinel, July 7, 1792, reproduced a part of Mr. Gardiner’s speech on the Theatre, which contained some slurs on the Catholic religion and on Thayer’s conversion. Thayer replied in the issue of July 11. Gardiner published an assault on Thayer on July 14, in an article signed “Barebones;” and Thayer responded in the issues of July 18 and 21.

485. See p. 229 note 3, below.

486. Neither of the two clergymen made a public answer. Dr. Belknap replied privately that “M^r B. presents his complts. to the Rev^d M^r Thayer, & acknowledges the receipt of a letter from him which he has put into his file entitled Consideranda” (Belknap Papers, iii. 546 note). (Thayer-Lesslie Controversy, 1793, p. 154.)

487. “Father Thorpe had warned Dr. Carroll, in his letter from Rome, of August 11, 1790, that Thayer would bear watching—’It will be necessary to have a priest of friendly eye over Mr. John Thayer of Boston; his passion for more independence than any Apostle in God’s Church ever had or desired, may involve himself and others in great difficulties’” (Rev. Peter Guilday, Life and Times of John Carroll, 1922, p. 424: quoted from the Baltimore Catholic Archives).

488. Life of Carroll, p. 435. Another Catholic historian wrote that Thayer “excited displeasure by some acts of excessive zeal, and a polemical challenge which he sent to the Protestant ministers so embittered the animosity against him, that Bishop Carrol deemed it requisite to transfer him to another place” (Abbé André J. M. Hamon, Life of the Cardinal de Cheverus, 1839, Translated by R. M. Walsh, p. 49).

489. United States Catholic Magazine, viii. 165.

490. A. T. Connolly, in United States Catholic Historical Magazine, iii. 132.

491. P. 220, above.

492. Historical Sketch of the Rev. John Thayer (United States Catholic Historical Magazine, ii. 261–273).

493. ii. 271.

494. P. 1/4. There is a curious entry in Bentley’s Diary under date of October 28, 1791 (i. 318): “Thayer, ad ecclesiam Romanam ex Protestantibus conversus, mandata ex Episcopo Carrol acceplit, ad labores in Etata Meridienaux. Nos dimittimus, spe illum nunquam redire, nisi animo mitiori, et digniori.” This statement is so at variance with the actual facts at that time that it seems probable it was only the reflection of current gossip.

495. He published his letter to the Rev. Dr. Lathrop in the Massachusetts Mercury of October 1, 1793 (p. 2/3). The preface to the Thayer-Lesslie Controversy pamphlet is dated October 5, and the closing paragraph, October 19, 1793. In the list of unclaimed letters in the Boston Post Office, January 21, 1794, is the name of “Thayer John Rev” (Columbian Centinel, January 29, 1794, p.’ 4/1),

496. American Catholic Historical Researches, xxvi. 82.

497. xxvii. 271 (extracted from the Baltimore Archives).

498. xxvi. 83.

499. xxviii. 24, 25.

500. xvii. 16. At the same time Bishop Carroll wrote the trustees of St. Peter’s Church declining to appoint Father Thayer as an assistant on account of Father O’Brien’s objections. He also wrote to the same effect to Mr. O’Brien, (xvii. 14, 15.)

501. P. 225, above.

502. A Discourse, etc.: see p. 229 note 3, below.

503. P. 2/2. Other preachers in Boston on this occasion, whose sermons were published, were Jeremy Belknap, Jedidiah Morse, and John Thornton Kirkland.

504. Sketches of the early Catholic Missions in Kentucky, p. 81.

505. Life of Carroll, p. 457.

506. Shea, Life of Carroll, p. 454; United States Catholic Historical Magazine, ii. 272; Catholic Encyclopedia, xiv. 557. The Rev. T. E. Bridgett (in A New England Convert, or The Story of the Rev. John Thayer, London, 1897, p. 47) says that “Mr. Thayer came to Limerick about 1811,” but he is unable to account for the years between 1803 and 1811.

507. Cf. American Catholic Historical Researches, xxvi. 367.

508. Catholic Encyclopedia, xiv. 557.

509. United States Catholic Magazine, viii. 151. “On Friday, the 17th February, the Rev. Mr. Thayer breathed his last, at his lodgings in Limerick, in the 57th year of his age.” (Cited from The Orthodox Journal, London, February, 1815.)

510. W. Byrne, in Memorial History of Boston, iii. 519. Mr. Byrne states that “The project of a nunnery and school was first broached by the Rev. John Thayer.”

511. Mr. Byrne says that the Ursuline Convent was first established in a building beside the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, on June 16, 1820, and that a school for girls was opened (Memorial History of Boston, iii. 519).

512. Catholic Encyclopedia, xiv. 557. The Encyclopedia, in an article on the Archdiocese of Boston (ii. 705), states in more detail that Mary and Catharine Ryan emigrated to Boston in 1817, and were sent by Bishop Cheverus to the Ursuline Convent at Three Rivers, Canada, for instruction. They made their profession October 4, 1819, and then returned to Boston.

They appear to have been joined later by a third sister, Margaret Ryan, who was received into the Convent at Boston. (B. F. De Costa, Story of Mt. Benedict, p. 2.)

513. Diary, iv. 363.

514. W. A. Leahy, in History of the Catholic Church in the New England States, i. 21.

515. P. 226, above.

516. A list of Mr. Thayer’s publications is appended:

1. 1 An Account of the Conversion of the Reverend Mr. John Thayer, lately a Protestant Minister at Boston in North America, Who embraced the Roman Catholic Religion at Rome, on the 25th of May, 1783; Written by Himself. . . . London: M DCC LXXXVII. Frequently reprinted: see pp. 129–140, above.
2. 2 Controversy between The Rev. John Thayer, Catholic Missionary, of Boston, and The Rev. George Lesslie, Pastor of a Church in Washington, New-Hampshire. To which are added, several other pieces. [Boston, 1793.] Pp. 167. Dublin, 1809.
3. 3 A Discourse, delivered, At the Roman Catholic Church in Boston, On the 9th of May, 1798, a day recommended by the President, for Humiliation and Prayer throughout the United States. By the Reverend John Thayer, Catholic Missioner. Printed at the pressing Solicitation of those who heard it. Printed by Samuel Hall, No. 53, Cornhill, Boston. 1798. Pp.31. This sermon was advertised as “This Day published, and for sale, by S. Hall, No. 53 Cornhill” in the Columbian Centinel, June 6, 1798 (p. 4/2). The proceeds of sale were to be applied to “the building and ornamenting of a place of worship for the Roman Catholics of Boston.” A second edition was published in the same year.

Bentley cites a pamphlet (see p. 219 note 1, above) which he designates as “Thayer’s Prayers.” No copy of this is known to the writer.

517. Winthrop Papers, iv. 421.

518. John Foster (1909), p. 13.

519. Letter-Book, i. 32.

520. See Mr. John H. Edmonds’s exhaustive paper, “The Burgis-Price View of Boston,” in our Publications, xi. 245–262. Mr. Edmonds informs me that the inventory of the estate of Samuel Moale, mariner, dated September 11, 1727, contains the item: “2 Maps 6 Small Pictures Town of Boston,” valued at fifteen shillings: see Suffolk Probate Files, no. 5495.

521. The size of the print, measured to the heavy border line, is 12¾ inches in width by 9¾ inches in height.

522. These are:

523. These photographs were used as illustrations for Miss Mary F. Ayer’s article on “The South Meeting-House, Boston. (1669–1729.)” in the New England Historical and Genealogical Register for July, 1905, lix. 265–267. See also Miss Ayer’s Boston Common in Colonial and Provincial Days, p. 40.

524. Dictionary of Painters and Engravers (1903), i. 263. This is taken practically word for word from Joseph Strutt’s Biographical Dictionary (1785), i. 184. Carwitham is known to Strutt, Bryan, etc., as “J. Carwitham.” On the prints the name appears as “I. Carwitham.” Doubtless he was the John Carwitham who published at London “Various kinds of Floor Decorations represented both in plane and perspective. Being . . . designs for ornamenting the floors of halls, rooms, summer houses, etc.,” assigned in the British Museum Catalogue to the year 1739.

525. Boston News Letter, May 24, 1750. For this reference, I am indebted to Mr. George F. Dow. Cf. Memorial History of Boston, ii. 532; 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xviii. 68–69. Mr. Dow calls my attention to a long advertisement in the Boston Gazette of April 14, 1740, of a machine “lately arrived from Holland by which is presented to the sight a Prospect of Landskips,” etc.—perhaps the same machine as that advertised by Buck, or similar to it.

526. From H. R. Plomer’s Dictionary of Printers and Booksellers, etc., from 1668 to 1725 (London, 1922, p. 43), it appears that John Bowles, printseller in London, was at the “Black Horse, Cornhill; and [in the Strand] over against Devereux Court, without Temple Bar,” as early as 1709, and that Thomas Bowles, print-seller in London, was at “St. Paul’s Churchyard” in the same year.

527. Hezekiah Broad (1746–1823) was of Natick. (Natick Vital Records, pp. 21, 207; Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors of the Revolutionary War, ii. 557.)

528. Abner Perry (1729–1813) was of Holliston. (Holliston Vital Records, pp. 119, 340; Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors, etc., xii. 191.)

529. For John Gleason (who was of Framingham) and John Trowbridge, see Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors, etc., vi. 493, xvi. 72.

530. J. T. Adams, The Founding of New England (1921), p. 80.

531. D. de S. Pool, Hebrew Learning among the Puritans of New England, Prior to 1700, in Publications of the American Jewish Historical Society (1911), xx. 81.

532. Cf. the reprint of the Cambridge Platform in W. Walker’s Creeds and Platforms of Congregationalism (1893), p. 203. For the Savoy Declaration on the same point, see id. pp. 367–368.

533. W. B. Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit (1857), i. 143.

534. In deference to tradition, I cite this title in its usual English form. H. O. Taylor (Thought and Expression, 1920, ii. 389 note) favors Institute.

535. In Thomas Norton’s translation of Calvin’s Institutes (1611) there is an index of “the places of the Bible” referred to in the text. From this I have drawn my figures.

536. “First six Chapters of the Gospel of John; the whole book of Ecclesiastes, the Prophesie of Zechariah, and many other Scriptures . . . 1 Cor. 11 and 2 Chron. 30 per totum.” “First and Second Epistles of John, the whole book of Solomons Song, the Parables of our Savior set forth in Matthews Gospel to the end of Chapter 16. compairing them with Mark and Luke.” J. Norton, Abel being Dead yet speaketh; Or, The life & Death of . . . M^r John Cotton (London, 1658), p. 17.

This gives the following number of texts:

These figures do not include the texts from Matthew, or those from Mark and Luke with which they were compared, since the text does not give a sufficiently definite reference to make possible an accurate count. “Preached through the Acts of the Apostles, Haggai, Zechary, Ezra, the Revelation, Ecclesiastes, Canticles, the Second and Third Epistles of John, the Epistle of Titus, both the Epistles of Timothy, the Epistle to the Romans” (id. pp. 22–23).

Adding to these totals those given above, we get the grand totals, Old Testament 1440, New Testament 2549.

537. Id. p. 22.

We find Cotton Mather writing that John Cotton “in an expository way, . . . went over the Old Testament once, and a second time as far as the thirtieth chapter of Isaiah; and the whole New Testament once, and a second time as far as the eleventh chapter to the Hebrews” (Magnalia, bk. iii. pt. i. chap, i, § 23). I follow Norton’s statement in preference to Mather’s, first because it is earlier in date and, second, because the insertion of the words “and a second time” after “the Old Testament” seems so likely to have been a mechanical error by confusion of the two parts of the sentence.

538. I. Mather, The Life and Death of . . . Mr. Richard Mather, reprinted in Collections of the Dorchester Antiquarian and Historical Society, iii. 53–54, 89.

Tabulating the texts we get:

539. B. Wendell, Cotton Mather (1891), p. 287.

540. These figures were compiled in the course of my work upon a doctoral dissertation, “The Life and Works of Increase Mather.” The number of Scriptural references for each book of Mather is given in the notes to this thesis, which is now in the Harvard University Library. In view of the number of references involved, it is probable that there are some errors in my figures, but they have been verified sufficiently so that I am confident that there are no mistakes great enough to invalidate the conclusions drawn from them.

541. I. Mather, Wo to Drunkards (Boston, 1673), p. 33.

542. I. Mather, Renewal of Covenant (Boston, 1677), Preface.

543. C. Mather, Parentator (Boston, 1724), p. 232.

544. Cotman is quoted in Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit, i. 158.

545. C. Mather, Parentator, pp. 176–177.

546. See pp. 249–250 below.

547. There were two Joseph Willards in the class of 1765—one, born December 29, 1738, in Biddeford, afterwards President of Harvard College from 1781 until his death in 1804; the other, born January 7, 1742, in Grafton, later minister in Mendon and in Boxborough, where he died in 1828. Both names are contained in the list of Freshmen as “placed” in the Faculty Records, February 5, 1762, though this “Admittatur” is dated “6^to Cal. Maij 1762” (i.e. April 26). Which Joseph wrote out this copy of the Laws does not appear by the inscription, but a comparison of the writing with President Willard’s hand as found in a volume of Problems in Spherical Geometry and Trigonometry, written out when he was a Senior in College, makes it perfectly clear that these Laws were written by him. The fact that they are bound up with two official copies of the Laws of 1767 also points in the same direction.

548. In the Corporation Records, November 18, 1760, there is a vote, “That Caryl who hath wrote the College Laws according to revisal of them by the Com^toe appointed for that Purpose, be allowed for the Service one Dollar p Day.” This might be taken to indicate an earlier revision, but as no other references to such a revision are to be found at this time, I conclude that the copy written out by Caryl (Benjamin Caryl, H. C. 1738) was simply one in which recent changes in detail were incorporated.

549. Adam Winthrop (H. C. 1767).

550. 1 Thomas Fleet died July 21, 1758. He left no will, but letters of administration were granted to his son William on December 15, 1758, and the inventory of his estate is dated June 1, 1759. The five slaves were valued as follows:

In an account rendered August 31, 1759, it is stated that £4 were received in cash “for Negro Girl Jenny above the appris^t.” (Suffolk Probate Files, no. 11882.) On June 8, 1715, Thomas Fleet married Elizabeth Goose.

551. This paper will appear in the Transactions of a future meeting.

552. In memory of her father, Mr. Andrew McFarland Davis •

553. F. Freeman, History of Cape Cod, ii. 311–312.

554. House Journal, p. 269.

555. Massachusetts Archives, ccix. 153. This document is the resolve of May 9, signed “Sam^l Freeman Speak’ P. T.” And below is written: “In Council May 10^th 1776 Read & nonconcured Perez Morton D Secr^y.”

556. William Cooper (1720–1809), a representative from Boston, and long its town clerk.

557. House Journal, p. 276.

558. The resolve of May 10 was printed in the Boston Gazette of May 13, p. 2/2, and in the New England Chronicle of May 16, p. 2/2.

559. See appendix, no. 3

560. See appendix, no. 6.

561. See appendix, no. 4.

562. See appendix, no. 7.

563. See appendix, no. 5.

564. See appendix, no. 8.

565. Here the word “Watertown” is erased.

566. Boston Gazette: see appendix, no. 4.

567. See appendix, no. 1.

568. Colonel James Otis (1702–1778), at one time Speaker of the House, was the father of James Otis (1725–1783) the Patriot and of Joseph Otis (1726–1810).

569. See appendix, no. 2.

570. See appendix, no. 11. It should be stated, however, that no record of a town meeting except the one referred to (October 12, 1774) has been found dealing with this subject. The Boston Committee of Correspondence, organized on November 2, 1772, sent their letter to the towns under date of November 20 (Boston Records, xviii. 93, 94). This letter was brought to the attention of the town of Barnstable by a written request of more than ten freeholders. It is probable that trouble was anticipated on this subject, because it was arranged in advance that the annual town meeting held on March 10, 1773, with James Otis as moderator, should be adjourned to March 22 after having adopted a vote appointing James Otis, Daniel Davis, Edward Bacon, Nymphas Marston, and Cornelius Crocker a committee “to take under Consideration The Request of a Number of free holders who have Set forth that our Liberties are Encroached upon & Also our Rights as Stated by the Committee of Correspondence of the Town of Boston & the infringements of the Same and make Report at the adjournment of this Meeting.” It is probable that this committee did not agree and that it contained a majority of loyalists. At the adjourned meeting on March 22, Eli Phinney, Joseph Otis, Ebenezer Jenkins, and David Smith were added to the committee. This addition of numbers left the committee of nine with four probable loyalists and four probable patriots, the sentiments of the ninth member being unknown. The meeting was then adjourned without action on this matter, and after two intervening meetings, also without action, a special town meeting was held on May 18, with James Otis as moderator. At this meeting Edward Bacon was elected a representative “by the Major Vote of the Electors present;” and—

Accordingly the report, though not recorded in the town records, was printed in several Boston newspapers, among them the Boston Evening Post of May 31, 1774, p. 4/3. The report did not recommend the appointment by Barnstable of a committee of correspondence. If, therefore, Joseph Otis’s charge was a just one, it would seem that it was through the influence of Edward Bacon that the report did not make such a recommendation. The report here printed is taken from the Boston News Letter of June 3, 1773 (p. 1/3):

Proceedings of the Town of Barnstable.

It is apparent that the loyalists had their way, for the resolution advocated petition to the king rather than preparations for resistance.

It is remarkable, however, that the same issue of the Boston News Letter published the complete vote of the House of Representatives on May 28 for the appointment of a Committee of Correspondence for the colonies, in response to a suggestion of the Virginia House of Burgesses, and that Edward Bacon voted “Yea,” there being 113 members present and only four dissentients.

The pamphlet referred to in the committee’s report is the one printed under the title: “The Votes and Proceedings of the Freeholders and other Inhabitants of the Town of Boston, In Town Meeting assembled, According to Law. [Published by Order of the Town.] To which is prefixed, as Introductory, An attested Copy of a Vote of the Town at a proceeding Meeting.” It contains the meeting of November 2, 1772, pp. [iii]–iv; the meeting of November 20, 1772, pp. [l]–29; A Letter of Correspondence, to the other Towns, dated November 20, 1772, pp. 30–36; and Appendix, pp. 37–43.

571. See appendix, no. 2.

572. C. F. Swift, Cape Cod (1897), pp. 173–174, 184. News of the battle of Lexington reached Barnstable April 20: see J. G. Palfrey, Discourse pronounced at Barnstable on the Third of September, 1839 (1840), p. 34. In a letter to George Watson of Plymouth dated April 21, Edward Bacon wrote: “I shall not at this time trouble you with the heart felt distress under which I now groan for the distrest scituation of my dear country, but only to desire you to favor us with the most particular acco^t of the late dreadful maneuvers that have taken place of late to the northward that has come to y^r hand” (2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xii. 345–346).

573. See p. 277 note 5, below.

574. See p. 273, below, and appendix, no. 13.

575. Sturgis, From Books and Papers of Russell Sturgis (Oxford, 1893), pp. 17–18.

576. See appendix, no. 9. “We hear that the towns of Sandwich and Plimouth have instructed their members to use their influence and endeavors, in the House of Representatives, that Edward Bacon, Esq; be dismissed from the House, from the most plenary convictions that said Bacon has been, during the whole of the present contest, and still is an implacable enemy to the freedom and independence of America; and that some other towns will soon follow the same example” (Boston Gazette, August 10, 1778, p. 3/2). A town meeting held at Plymouth on June 15 passed a vote in practically these exact words (Records of the Town of Plymouth, 1903, iii. 349). Under date of December 7 1770, there is an allusion to Bacon in the same records (iii. 234).

577. House Journal, October 14, 1778:

On October 16 the House adjourned to the first Wednesday in January, 1779, which was January 6.

578. See appendix, no. 13.

579. Cf. J. G. Palfrey, Discourse (1840), p. 39 (where Bacon is referred to without being named); Amos Otis, Barnstable Families (ed. C. F. Swift), i. 27, 226.

580. House Journal, January 13, 1779:

581. House Journal, January 18, 1779:

582. House Journal, January 21, 1779:

583. See appendix, no. 28.

584. See appendix, no. 22.

585. See appendix, no. 32.

586. House Journal, June 2, 1779:

587. On June 1, in the morning, the House “Ordered, That Mr. Bacon be furnished with a copy of the petition against him, from a number of the inhabitants of Barnstable” (House Journal, p. 17). In the afternoon Bacon was admitted to the House, and “The members of the honorable Board”—that is, the Council—“attended agreeably to the invitation of the House,” and the House “then proceeded to the order of the day.”

The petitions above-mentioned were read; upon which Mr. Bacon moved that a further time might be allowed him to collect evidence, and prepare for his defence; after a long debate thereon the question was put, and it passed in the negative, the number of the House being 127, and only 53 voting in favor of the question.

It was moved that this vote be reconsidered, and the question being put it passed also in the negative, the number of the House being 125, and only 61 voting for the question.

A number of depositions addressed by the petitioners were then read and the verbal testimonies of several persons heard:

It was thereupon moved, That a committee be appointed to bring in a resolve for expelling the said Edward Bacon, Esq; from this House; and the question being put it passed in the affirmative by a majority of 95 members out of 100. (Pp. 18–19.)

588. House Journal, p. 19.

589. See appendix, no. 32.

590. House Journal, June 2, 1779:

591. House Journal, p. 24. “On the 4th day of this inst. Edward Bacon, Esq; of Barnstable, was ‘excluded from the House of Representatives on account of his inimical disposition & conduct towards this & the United States’” (Boston Gazette, June 7, 1779, p. 2/3).

592. For a list of these, see p. 283, below.

593. See appendix, nos. 11, 14–20, 23, 24, 26–28.

594. See appendix, nos. 10, 12, 21, 25, 29.

595. Cf. Massachusetts Province Laws, xvi. 5, 205, 365, xviii. 617, 707, 799, xx. 421, xxi. 513.

The statement that Bacon was a representative in 1780 requires a word of explanation. It will be remembered that there were two General Courts in 1780—one, the last under the State of Massachusetts Bay, which sat from May 31 to October 4; the other, the first under the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, which met on October 25. Bacon was elected to the first of these, but not to the second. For references to Bacon’s activities, see the indexes to vols, iv, v, xvi–xxi, of the Massachusetts Province Laws.

The Massachusetts Historical Society owns three letters written by Edward Bacon: (1) July 15, 1760, to Col. James Otis, “Respecting the Nova Scotia french Now with us” (signed also by Daniel Davis); (2) November 25, 1762, to Joseph Otis, about gurry; (3) March 29, 1771, to Joseph Otis, about the settlement of an estate.

596. See appendix, no. 12.

597. See appendix, no. 35. With the case of Deacon Edward Bacon may be compared that of Deacon Thomas Foster of the First Church in Plymouth. In the former case, the charges were brought by Deacon Bacon against certain of his brethren. In the latter case, the charges were brought against Deacon Foster by certain of his brethren. The charges came under four heads, the fourth as follows: “His Political Conduct & Practices are, we think, just matter of Offence, as therein he discovers a Willingness to have his Country enslaved—& is frequently found to be an Advocate for ye Destructive Doctrines of Passive Obedience & Non Resistance.” The charges were discussed at various meetings from March 12, 1775, to July 17, 1776. On the last date, “It being urged, that he [Foster] looked upon the Brethren, who were opposite to him in political Sentiments, to be Rebels, & of Consequence deserving y^e Punishment of such; & he not denying or retracting his former Sentim^ts & declaring that he did not think it expedient to tell w^t his Thôts were on y^t head,—& not being willing to make any recantation, The Church Voted almost unanimously (20 Members present, all but 2 Voted) that they could not contentedly communicate with him at y^e Lords Table.” Deacon Foster desiring further time “to think upon the affair” and a fuller meeting, “the Church readily consented that the meeting be adjourn^d for further time for mutual Deliberation, without proceeding to any formal Suspension of him from Communion.” Deacon Foster died on January 23, 1777, before final action had been taken. See our Publications, xxii. 346–348, 349–352, 353.

598. The donation was reported at the meeting in November, 1836. (1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, ii. 62.) At the meeting in April, 1837, Joseph Willard, the Recording Secretary, “Reported an abstract of the late Dr. Freeman’s papers” (ii. 80). This report is headed, “Memorandum of contents of Box of late Rev D^r Freeman, sent to the Soc after his decease—accord^s to directions in his life time.” The portion pertinent to the present paper is as follows:

I am indebted to Mr. Julius H. Tuttle for finding Joseph Willard’s original report, which is referred to but not printed at ii. 80 note.

599. At the meeting in June, 1879, the committee to which the Council had referred the papers in question reported that “there is so much probability that they all (with the exception of the draft of Mr. Bacon’s speech), either are or should be the property of the Commonwealth,” that it recommended a vote giving the papers to the Commonwealth, and accordingly such a vote was passed. (1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xvii. 117–118.)

The documents are printed in the appendix to this paper, nos. 9–12, 14–34.

600. See appendix, no. 32; and cf. p. 276 note 2, above.

601. See appendix, no. 33.

602. See appendix, no. 31.

603. Dr. Freeman may have obtained the papers from one of his relatives, of whom at least four were members of the General Court that sat from May 27, 1778, to May 31, 1779. The Rev. Dr. James Freeman (1759–1835; H. C. 1777), who was born in Charlestown, was fifth in descent from Samuel Freeman (1638–1712), who was born in Watertown and removed to Eastham. (Freeman Genealogy, pp. 354, 356–357, 389, 405–406.) The Rev. Dr. James Freeman was also related to the Daniel Davis (1713–1799) who is so often mentioned in these documents. This was through the marriage of his sister, Lois Freeman, to Daniel Davis, Jr. (1762–1835), a son of Daniel Davis (1713–1799).

Barnabas Freeman (1737–1781), a representative from Eastham, was fourth in descent from the above Samuel Freeman (1638–1712). (Freeman Genealogy, pp. 366, 379–380.) Hence the Rev. Dr. James Freeman and Barnabas Freeman were second cousins once removed.

Samuel Freeman (1743–1831), a representative from Falmouth (now Portland), was fourth in descent from the above Samuel Freeman (1638–1712). (Freeman Genealogy, pp. 369, 383–386.) Barnabas Freeman and Samuel Freeman (17431831) were first cousins. This Samuel Freeman, besides being a representative, was clerk of the House and also Speaker pro tempore. One of the papers is signed by him in the latter capacity (see p. 265 note 3, above), and his name occurs in other documents.

Dr. (or Col.) Nathaniel Freeman (1741–1827), a representative from Sandwich, was fifth in descent from Edmund Freeman (d 1682). (Freeman Genealogy, pp. 72, 120–125.) It was he who informed the House on January 21, 1779, of the agreement that had been reached between Edward Bacon and his opponents: see p. 274 note 2, above.)

Solomon Freeman (1733–1808), a representative from Harwich, was fifth in descent from Edmund Freeman (d 1682). Solomon Freeman and Dr. Nathaniel Freeman were third cousins. (Freeman Genealogy, pp. 67, 112–113.) It was this Solomon Freeman who signed the depositions printed in the appendix, nos. 10, 29.

The Rev. Frederick Freeman was the son of Dr. Nathaniel Freeman (17411827). He was born in Sandwich December 1, 1799; was pastor of the Third Church in Plymouth from 1824 to 1833; later took orders in the Episcopal Church; was rector of St. David’s Church in Manayunk (Philadelphia), and at Bangor and Augusta, Maine; and about 1844 returned to Sandwich, where he died September 12, 1883, as I am informed by the town clerk of Sandwich. He was the author of Religious Liberty (1834), The Pastor’s Plea for Sacred Psalmody, Yaradee (1836), A Plea for Africa (1838), Africa’s Redemption the Salvation of our Country (1852), History of Cape Cod (1858–1862), Freeman Genealogy (1875), and Civilization and Barbarism (1878), some of which (due to the fact that his name appears on the title-page merely as “F. Freeman”) are not found under his name in catalogues. (Freeman Genealogy, pp. 120, 204–206.) In 1833 was published at Plymouth a pamphlet entitled “Abuse of Pastoral Influence. A Sketch of Mr. Freeman’s Pastoral Intercourse with Mrs. Cotton, previous to the Formation of the Robinson Church in Plymouth—1830, to which are added some Remarks.” The lady was Phoebe Cotton (widow of Thomas Jackson Cotton), who on April 16, 1822, was dismissed from the First Church to the Third Church: see our Publications, xxiii. 573. There is no author’s name on the title-page, but at the end the pamphlet is signed “Lemuel Stephens,” who was a brother of Mrs. Cotton.

When his father died, the Rev. Frederick Freeman was twenty-eight years old. He must, therefore, even if he had not consulted the Bacon papers in the possession of the Massachusetts Historical Society from 1836 to 1879, have known about them.

604. After this paper had been sent to the printers, Mr. Albert Matthews called my attention to some extracts which are of such interest that they are printed in the appendix: see no. 36, below.

605. See Freeman, History of Cape Cod, i. 430–452. Freeman (ii. 424–429 notes) also quotes an account written by Abraham Holmes in 1834.

606. Like the other justices and militia officers, Edward Bacon was obliged to sign certain declarations: see pp. 341, 344, below. On September 28, 1774, the Body of the People “Voted, That the chairman ask the town clerk of Barnstable, present, whether that town has discovered its attachment to the cause of the country, by choosing a representative more disposed to serve the country than the late one”—that is, Edward Bacon. “The chairman called upon the clerk to reply, and was informed that they had elected Daniel Davis, Esq.; upon which the Body testified their approbation by giving three cheers” (Freeman, i. 443).

607. See appendix, no. 12.

608. Writings of Samuel Adams, iii. 1–2. In a letter to James Warren of Plymouth dated January 10, 1775, Samuel Adams alludes to “the new-made Colonel, Justice Bacon” (1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xiii. 205). The following item, dated June 26, is taken from the Massachusetts Spy of July 1, 1773: “PROMOTED.] Edward Bacon, Esq; colonel of a regiment in the county of Barnstable” (p. 2/3). Cf. John Adams’s Works, ii. 320.

The heading of each document, printed in small capitals, is not a part of the document, but has been inserted for convenience.

609. The allusion is probably to Charles Paxton, who was born in Boston in 1708 and died in England in 1787 or 1788: see Boston Records, xxiv. 53; Musgrave’s Obituary, iv. 370; Gentleman’s Magazine, January, 1788, lviii. 83; Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, lvi. 343–352; Sabine, American Loyalists, ii. 153–155. In the last named work (ii. 474) there is a very brief notice of Edward Bacon. By the patriots, Charles Paxton was frequently alluded to as “Charles Froth.”

610. The records of this meeting were printed, with substantial accuracy, in the Boston News Letter of January 12, 1775, p. 2/2–3. That they were brought to Boston by Edward Bacon appears from the following extracts:

The two Coopers alluded to in the last extract were the Rev. Dr. Myles Cooper (1735–1785), President of King’s College (now Columbia University), and the Rev. Dr. Samuel Cooper (1725–1783; H. C. 1743) of Boston.

611. For Harrison Gray, Treasurer and Receiver General of the Province from 1753 to 1775, see our Publications, xiv. 320–350.

612. Henry Gardner (1730–1782; H. C. 1750) was chosen Receiver General by the first Provincial Congress on October 28, 1774 (see Journals Massachusetts Provincial Congress, p. 38).

613. Massachusetts Broadsides, no. 1988 (Massachusetts Historical Collections, lxxv. 274).

614. Boston Gazette, July 8, 1776, p. 3/1.

615. For the sake of convenience, the names attached to the protests and depositions are arranged alphabetically. The name of Joseph Otis heads this list.

616. Boston Gazette, July 29, 1776, p. 1/1

617. The name of Joseph Otis heads the list.

618. New England Chronicle, July 11, 1776, p. 3/2.

619. Boston Gazette, July 8, 1776: see no. 4.

620. Daniel Davis (1713–1799) on May 30, 1776, was made a Councillor: see House Journal, pp. 5,

621. Boston Gazette, July 29, 1776, p. 1/2.

622. New England Chronicle, August 8, 1776, p. 2/1.

623. Massachusetts Archives, cexxii. 502a–b.

624. The name of Joseph Otis heads the list.

625. The following is from the Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 503:

In the House of Representatives June 1, 1779

To William Hickling of Boston and his Wife—Greeting

You are hereby required forthwith to make your appearance before the House of Representatives to give evidence of what you know relative to the subject matter of a Petition of a number of Inhabitants of the Town of Barnstable against Edward Bacon Esq Representative of that Town

Hereof you are not to fail

By Order of the House of Representatives

Sam^ll Freeman Clerk

626. Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 507a.

627. Id. ccxxii. 512a–c.

628. See no. 31.

629. James Otis the Patriot.

630. William Molineux (1718–1774): see Nellie Z. R. Molyneux, History Genealogical and Biographical of the Molyneux Family (1904), pp. 167, 169–174. He died October 22, 1774, a longish obituary notice being in the Boston Gazette of October 24, 1774, p. 3/2.

631. William Dennie (1726–1783): see H. M. Ellis, Joseph Dennie and his Circle (Bulletin of the University of Texas, no. 40, July 15, 1915), pp. 10–12.

632. For a memoir of Dr. Thomas Young (1731–1777), see our Publications, xi. 2–54. Dr. Young left Boston for Newport, R. I., on September 13, 1774 (xi. 36 and note).

633. Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 516c–f.

634. Cf. Freeman, History of Cape Cod, ii. 316–318.

635. Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 508b–c.

636. Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 509a–b.

637. On March 30, 1780, a committee was appointed by the First Church, Plymouth, to discourse with a certain member, “endeavouring to bring him to a Sense of his Sin & Duty; he having absented for more than a twelve Month, both from Meeting & from y^e Ordinance of y^e Supper—upon no other Reason (as he inform^d y^e other Cornittee) than because the people of y^e Town in general treated him with Contempt—calling him a Tory &c” (our Publications, xxii. 355).

638. Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 508a.

639. Perhaps “1776,” but if so it should be “1775.”

640. Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 510a–c.

641. On this occasion Edward Bacon, Jr., came out, his service being thus described: “Private, Capt. George Lewis’s co., Col. Freeman’s regt.; marched on an alarm at Bedford, Dartmouth, and Falmouth, Sept. 6, 1778; service 5 days” (Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors of the Revolution, i. 410). There is no allusion to this alarm in “A Statement of some of the Principal Facts, which took place in the Revolutionary War, in and about the County of Barnstable, on Cape Cod,” an eight-page leaflet printed in 1831. But accounts will be found in the Boston Gazette, September 7 (p. 3/1), 14 (p. 3/2); Independent Chronicle, September 10 (p. 3/2), 17 (p. 3/2); Independent Ledger, September 14 (p. 3/1), 21 (p. 3/2); D. Ricketson, History of New Bedford (1858), pp. 73, 278–299.

642. Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 511a.

643. Id. ccxxii. 511a.

644. Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 511a–b.

645. Id. Ccxxii. 507a. Id. ccxxii. 507b reads:

To the Hon^le the House of Representatives of the Massachusetts State The Deposition of Brig^r Otis & others Taken and Seal^d up By me

Solomon Freeman

Justice Peace for the County of Barnstable

646. Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 504d–f.

647. The name of Daniel Davis heads the list.

648. Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 514a–b.

649. Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 514c.

650. Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 514c.

651. Lord Howe and Sir William Howe. Their declaration of September 19 was printed in the Boston Gazette of October 21, 1776, p. 2/1.

652. Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 515d–f.

653. See “The French at Boston during the Revolution” (Proceedings Bostonian Society, x. 9–75).

654. Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 516a–b.

655. Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 513a–g.

656. The top of the sheet is marked “N° 1.”

657. Samuel Crocker (6 1732) and his brother Cornelius Crocker (b 1740): see A. Otis, Barnstable Families, i. 223 ff.

658. The second sheet of paper, marked “N° 2,” begins with this word.

659. See pp. 315 note 2, 317 note 2, above.

660. Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 517a–c.

661. Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 504a–b.

662. The name of Daniel Davis heads the list.

663. Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 518a–c. The identity of this Edward Davis has eluded research.

664. Sir Robert Pigot (1720–1796).

665. John Hancock.

666. Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 505a–b. See the next note.

667. Massachusetts Archives, ccxxii. 506a–d. At first glance, nos. 32 and 33 do not appear to be in the same hand; but a closer examination of the two documents and a comparison of them with the three letters of Edward Bacon already referred to (see p. 277 note 5, above), make it reasonably certain that both are in the hand of Bacon. No. 33 is hastily scribbled, while no. 32 is written in a more formal manner.

668. Here about seven lines are crossed out. Not all the words can be read, but certain of them—“I humbly hope for pardon when I repeat the Ease and happiness I now feel Compared with the feelings before a former House when I had been Repeatedly informed that some of the members, worthy members had in Company out of Doors prejudged and Condemned your unhappy Respondent as inimical unheard”—prove that the speech was delivered (or written to be delivered) in June, 1779.

669. January 13, 1779: see p. 273 note 4, above, and Note, p. 360, below.

670. Here a word is undecipherable.

671. Id. ccxxi. 257.

672. Id. ccxxii. 463.

673. Cf. A. Otis, Barnstable Families, i. 227–228.

674. Boston Evening Post of October 31 and November 7, 1774.

Attention has already been called to the fact that Freeman “concealed the names of tories who were disciplined in 1774 by an orderly assemblage known as the Body of the People” (p. 281, above). “The letters A. B., and so on,” wrote Freeman, “we employ not as initials, but use them alphabetically to designate different cases. Both the names and the initials of those suspected of toryism will be uniformly suppressed in this connection;” and he offered a lengthy apology for such a procedure (History, i. 437 note). The extracts in no. 36 enable me to identify most of the persons whose names were suppressed by Freeman.

675. An error for J. Pitcher.

676. This answer is signed by thirteen of the eighteen justices. The names of the other five are given in a declaration printed later: see p. 341, below.

677. Shearjashub Bourne and David Gorham. Both were among “the Gentlemen of the Law” who addressed Hutchinson on May 28, 1774: see Boston News Letter, June 2, p. 1/2.

Bacon was not an addresser of Hutchinson. But when Hutchinson became Governor in 1771, the justices of the Court of General Sessions of the Peace and Inferior Court of Common Pleas for the County of Barnstable drew up an address which on July 15th was “presented to His Excellency by Edward Bacon, Thomas Smith, and Isaac Hinkley, Esq; a Committee of said Courts” (Boston Evening Post, July 22, 1771, p. 1/2). This, of course, carried no implication of toryism, for it had long been customary to salute a new governor in that way.

678. The allusion is to Chillingsworth Foster, one of the justices. In February, 1768, the House adopted a circular letter to the other colonies. On June 21 Gov. Bernard sent a message to the House requiring it, “in his majesty’s name, to rescind the resolution of the last house of representatives, in consequence of which a circular letter had been sent to the several assemblies upon the continent” (Hutchinson, History of Massachusetts, iii. 195). On June 30 the question was put, “Whether this House will Rescind the Resolution of the last House which gave Birth to their circular Letter,” and, the question being then put, “the Members severally giving their Voice Yea or Nay, it pass’d in the Negative by a Division of 92 to 17” (House Journal, p. 89). Among the seventeen rescinders was Chillingsworth Foster, then a representative from Harwich. (See our Publications, viii. 95 note 1.)

679. Thomas Gage.

680. Edward Bacon, David Thacher, and Barnabas Freeman were “the late representatives” from Barnstable, Yarmouth, and Eastham, respectively (Massachusetts Province Laws, xviii. 799). Barnabas Freeman is Freeman’s S. T. (History, i. 450).

681. To this point, the extracts are taken from the Boston Evening Post of October 31, p. 3. What follows is from the issue of November 7, p. 4.

682. Shearjashub Bourne is Freeman’s C. D. (History, i. 438).

683. David Gorham is Freeman’s E. F. (History, i. 438).

684. Thomas Bourne is Freeman’s U. V. (History, i. 451).

685. Benjamin Fish, Benjamin Toby, and John Jennings are Freeman’s G. H., I. J., and K. L., respectively (History, i. 447, 449, 451).

686. Benjamin Bourne is Freeman’s W. X. (History, i. 452).

The identity of several persons to whom Freeman assigned letters escapes detection. A confession was drawn up to be signed by A. B. of Barnstable, who had threatened to cut down the liberty pole, but he could not be found (History, i. 437, 439, 441, 443). M. N, who was accused of saying he wished Boston was burned and Rochester in hell, “confessed that he had said words to this effect in a passion, expressed sorrow, and asked forgiveness of all. This gave satisfaction” (History, i. 448–449). O. P. and Q. R. were apparently concerned in cutting down the liberty pole in Sandwich; Q. R., “being the witness that informed and exposed the transaction, was excused;” what became of O. P. is not stated (History, i. 449–450). Y. Z. was one of those who made an assault on Dr. Nathaniel Freeman (History, i. 456, 461).

687. An error for “Blish.”

688. W. V. Wells, Life and Public Services of Samuel Adams, i. 497.

689. A political skit on “Massachusetts Faith,” printed in the Boston Evening Post of April 19, 1773, has these words: “And to compleat our Creed, we are bound to believe that . . . Dr. Y―g is a Saint and true Believer” (p. 1/1).

690. Perhaps Melatiah Bourne (1722–1778).

691. New Windsor, N. Y.

692. Boston Evening Post, October 25, 1773, p. 2/2.

693. Page 2.

694. Cf. our Publications, xviii. 349.

695. x. 417–418.

696. Cf. our Publications, xviii. 326 note 1.

697. W. Cushing, Initials and Pseudonyms, ii. 81.

698. D. D. Addison, Life and Times of Edward Bass (1897), p. 148.

699. Rev. Samuel Parker to Rev. William White, June 21, 1784: “Since the War two Clergymen have settled in this State, Revd. Mr. Lewis, who was Chaplain in Burgoyne’s Regiment of light Dragoons, left that Service and came to this Town in 1778 and settled at Christ’s Church; The other, the Revd. Mr. Fisher, who came from Annapolis in Nova Scotia in 1780 and settled in Salem” (Journals of General Conventions, in. 57).

700. I am indebted to Mr. Albert Matthews for several extracts and references

701. The words “commander of the Brigantine belonging to this State” are interlined in a different hand.

702. The Henry and Ann.

703. “The Prize above mentioned we learn arrived at Townsend at the Eastward the middle of last week” (Boston Gazette, Monday, October 7, 1776, p. 3/1). The Council Records of October 9, 1776, contain an “Order to M^r Tim^y Parsons to deliver Prize sent into Townsend to Capt. Souther.” The prize was sent to Townsend and was later taken possession of by Timothy Parsons, “Agent for the Eastern District, and by him removed to Wiscasset” (Council Records, xix. 265). The Continental Journal of October 24, 1776, contained the following advertisement, which was repeated in the issues of October 31 and November 7:

The final disposition of the prize is learned from an advertisement in the Continental Journal, November 14 and 21, 1776:

704. Massachusetts Archives, cxcv. 289–290a.

705. This is clearly an error for Boxford.

706. Massachusetts Archives, clix. 459–460.

707. Samuel Holten also was ordered to draft the letter to Richard Derby (Council Records, October 3, 1776, xix. 259).

708. Council Records, xix. 258. The remainder of the order relates to sending soldiers and sailors to jail in Salem.

709. This “Captain Luke” was John Leche, commissioned March 4, 1775, Captain in the Sixteenth, or the Queen’s Regiment of (Light) Dragoons under command of Burgoyne. (W. C. Ford, British Officers serving in the American Revolution, 1774–1783, p. 108.)

710. Council Records, xix. 267.

711. The removal to Boxford did not follow very closely on the order of the Council of October 3. On October 30, “The Committee of Correspondence, Inspection, and Safety of the Town of Salem” addressed a complaint “To the honourable the Council of the State of the Massachusetts Bay:”

The Council thereupon ordered Daniel Hopkins, Esq., to be a committee to take this letter under consideration and report what was necessary to be done (American Archives, 5th Series, iii. 421, 422). On October 29, 1776, Captain Leche addressed a letter from Salem to the Honourable Colonel Harcourt, Queen’s Light Dragoons, stating that “He and Mr. Lewis had been made prisoners of war on the 22^nd ultimo” and desiring Col. Harcourt’s interest to get them exchanged (Manuscripts of the Earl of Dartmouth, in Historical Manuscripts Commission, 14th Report, Appendix, Part x, p. 465).

712. Sidney Perley, History of Boxford (1880), p. 231.

713. In the register baptisms are numbered consecutively, and here Mr. Lewis carried on Dr. Byles’s numbers. His own first baptism, September 27, 1778, is numbered 1.

714. Massachusetts Archives, cxcix. 385. This letter is entirely in Heath’s handwriting.

715. Massachusetts Archives, clxix. 48.

716. Council Records, xxii. 368.

717. Jacob Bailey (H. C. 1755) was born in Rowley in 1731. In 1758 he was licensed to preach by an Association of Congregational Ministers assembled at Exeter, New Hampshire. In the following year he became a convert to Episcopalianism, being influenced in his new choice by the Rev. Dr. Henry Caner and Dr. Sylvester Gardiner. He was ordained in England in 1760 and served the Church in Maine until 1779, when he received permission from the General Court to remove to Nova Scotia. He died at Annapolis, N. S., July 26, 1808. (C. R. Batchelder, Eastern Diocese, i. 41–4.)

718. There were a number of hiatuses in Bailey’s manuscript, indicated in the text by brackets. In view of the date of Heath’s letter it seems probable that the editor of Bailey’s manuscript placed the extract under the date of July 31 by error, owing to the mutilated condition of the manuscript.

719. Collections Protestant Episcopal Historical Society, ii. 357, 358.

720. Massachusetts House Journal, p. 51.

721. Id. p. 66.

722. W. S. Perry, Historical Collections, iii. 599–601.

723. The French at Boston during the Revolution, in Publications Bostonian Society, x. 22, 23.

724. Perry, Historical Collections, iii. 601.

725. “In 1778 the French Congregation, as it was then called, received from the American Government leave to use this church, which had been closed since the breaking out of the war, and it came very near being lost to our communion” (Rev. Henry Burroughs, Historical Account of Christ Church, Boston, 1874, p. 28). Mr. Burroughs followed the Weeks account cited in the text and enlarged a little on it.

726. See p. 173, above.

727. The French at Boston during the Revolution, in Publications Bostonian Society, x. 22, 23.

728. There are no vestry records from September 6, 1774, until November 6, 1778. In the treasurer’s ledger, following the last payment to Dr. Byles, for the year ending April 16, 1775, is this memorandum: “N.B. From the above date to July 29^th 1781, by reason of the Church being a long time shut up & the depreciation of the Money at Various periods, & no Ballance belonging to the Church, the Accounts was not continued in the usual way.” The first entry in the ledger after the above statement is of April 7, 1782. As to the proprietors’ records it can be said that the annual meeting on Easter Monday seems to have been kept up all through the clerical interregnum, but practically nothing was done except to elect wardens and vestrymen for the ensuing year. In addition to the election on Easter Monday, April 8, 1776, the wardens and a committee of three were “desired to supply the Pulpit of this Church in the best manner they can.”

729. Written above “Samuel,” crossed out. The church officers at this time did not seem to have a clear idea as to what Mr. Lewis’s name really was. At the proprietors’ meeting in the following year, March 27, 1780, it was voted that the contribution which was to be taken up should be for “the benefit of The Rev^d M^r Sam^l Lewis.”

730. On July 18 [Thursday], 1776, the wardens and vestry of Trinity Church, Boston, voted that Mr. Parker should omit the State Prayers from the Liturgy. On July 14 the wardens and vestry of St. Paul’s Church, Newburyport, requested their rector, the Rev. Edward Bass, to omit them, and he assented under date of July 16. (Addison, Life of Edward Bass, pp. 154, 155.)

On July 20 the General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island enacted “that, if any Person within this State, shall under Pretence of Preaching or praying, or in any Way or manner whatever acknowledge or declare the said King (of G. Brit.) to be our rightful Lord & Sovereign, or shall pray for the Success of his Arms, or that he may vanquish or overcome all his Enemies, [he] shall be deemed guilty of a high Misdemeanor.” (Extract from Newport Mercury, July 22, 1776, in Literary Diary of Ezra Stiles, ii. 27, 28.) Stiles commented: “This was passed on Sat^y last. And instantly thereon the People of the Chh. of England in Newport cried out of Persecution, went and removed all their Prayer Books &c. & shut up the Church; And had no Service in it last Lords day [July 21], tho’ M^r Bisset their Parson was well & walking the streets” (Literary Diary, July 24, ii. 28).

In Philadelphia action was taken immediately following the Declaration of Independence. “The Liturgy of the Church of England was used, without alteration, until the 4th of July 1776: on which day, after the independence of the colonies had been declared by congress, a resolution was adopted at a meeting of the vestry of Christ Church and St. Peter’s, that in consequence of that event it would ‘be proper to omit those petitions in the liturgy wherein the king of Great Britain is prayed for, as inconsistent with the said declaration;’ and the rector and assistant ministers were requested to omit such petitions. No other change took place until the convention of 1785” (B. Wilson, Memoir of the Life of Bishop White, 1839, p. 136). At that time the Rev. Dr. Peters was the rector and the Rev. William White (later first Bishop of Pennsylvania), an assistant.

The colonies to the southward went a step further, however, and the Virginia Convention, on July 5, 1776, voted that the State Prayers should be omitted from the Liturgy, and resolved “That the following Prayer shall be used, instead of the Prayer for the King’s Majesty, in the Morning and Evening service: ‘O Lord, our Heavenly Father, high and mighty King of Kings, Lord of Lords, the only Ruler of the Universe, who dost from thy throne behold all the dwellers upon earth, most heartily we beseech thee with thy favour to behold the Magistrates of this Commonwealth, and so replenish them with the grace of thy Holy Spirit, that they may always incline to thy will, and walk in thy way. . . .’” Also in the Litany, a petition was added: “That it may please thee to endue the Magistrates of this Commonwealth with grace, wisdom, and understanding” (American Archives, 4th series, vi. 1614, 1615). In regard to this action the Right Rev. W. S. Perry wrote: “The Convention of Virginia, on the day following the Declaration of Independence, altered the Book of Common Prayer to accommodate it to the new condition of things. These alterations almost exclusively related to the supplications for those in authority, and throughout the State this requirement of the assembly met with little or no opposition from clergy or people” (The Church Review, 1887, 1. 63).

The Convention of Maryland took action earlier, and on May 25, 1776, after reciting that the king was prosecuting a cruel and unjust war against the colonies, and that the people of this province cannot with sincerity pray for the success of his arms, it was “therefore Resolved, That every prayer and petition for the king’s majesty, in the book of common prayer and administration of the sacraments and other rites and ceremonies of the church, according to the use of the church of England, except the second collect for the king in the communion service, be henceforth omitted in all churches and chapels in this province, until our unhappy differences are ended” (Proceedings of the Conventions of Maryland, 1774–1776, Baltimore, 1836, p. 156). The Convention displayed quite a touch of humor, whether conscious or unconscious, in excepting the second Collect, to which the sturdiest patriot of that time could have responded “Amen” with a clear conscience. It reads: “Almighty and everlasting God, we are taught by thy holy Word, that the hearts of Kings are in thy rule and governance, and that thou dost dispose and turn them, as it seemeth best to thy godly wisdom; We humbly beseech thee, so to dispose and govern the heart of George thy Servant, our King and Governor, that in all his thoughts, words, and works, he may ever seek thy honour and glory; and study to preserve thy people committed to his charge, in wealth, peace, and godliness: Grant this &c.”

The earliest instance, known to me, of an alteration in the Liturgy to accommodate it to the changed conditions, occurred at Christ Church, Cambridge, on Sunday, December 31, 1775, but it must be said that this was the act, not of a clergyman, but of a layman, Major William Palfrey, then aide-de-camp to General Lee. Palfrey wrote to his wife a letter dated January 2, 1776, but which the Rev. Mr. Hoppin, formerly rector of Christ Church, after an examination of the original manuscript, concluded was probably written on the 1st and a fair copy made on the 2nd. (Nicholas Hoppin, Historical Notice of Christ Church [Cambridge], 1858, p. 50.) “What think you of my turning parson? I yesterday, at the request of Mrs. Washington, performed divine service at the church at Cambridge. There was present the General and lady, Mrs. Gates, Mrs. Custis, and a number of others, and they were pleased to compliment me on my performance. I made a form of prayer, instead of the prayer for the King, which was much approved. I gave it to Mrs. Washington, at her desire, and did not keep a copy, but will get one and send it to you.” The prayer reads as follows:

731. June 21, 1784, Parker wrote the Rev. William White: “As no Alteration except that of omitting the Prayers for the King and Royal Family has taken place in the Churches in general in these States, I am desirous of knowing how the Churches at the Southward manage in this affair, that if possible a Uniformity as far as the civil government of each State will permit may be maintained” (Journals, General Conventions, iii. 58).

732. “One of our old Prayer Books has paper pasted over the ‘State Prayers,’ and was probably used by Mr. Lewis” (Rev. H. Burroughs, Historical Account of Christ Church, 1874, p. 28). The Rev. C. W. Duane wrote: “Doubtless one of our most interesting relics comes from his hand. This is one of the old Prayer Books, the gift of George II., having the prayers for the King and the Royal Family pasted over or so altered as to make it conform substantially to our present Book. We thus catch a glimpse of the way in which Liturgical services were conducted some ten years before the American Prayer Book was finally adopted” (Historical Sermon on the one hundred and seventy-fifth Anniversary of Christ Church, pp. 8, 9).

733. See our Publications, xix. 318–323, where it is surmised that the hand alterations in this Prayer Book were made by the Rev. William Montague, minister at Christ Church, 1785–1792. This surmise has since been fairly well verified by finding in the treasurer’s ledger a payment to Mr. Montague, entered under June 7, 1791, for “3 Books Alteration prayers” and under January 1792, for “2 book alterations prayers.” The only weak link in this chain of evidence is that it is not stated whether the books so altered were folios or not. Under July 27, 1792, Mr. Montague was credited with payment for “8 books alteration prayers in folio.” These latter alterations were probably made by insertion of the “partial folio” of 1792, printed by Thomas and Andrews, and advertised for sale in the Columbian Centincl of June 27, 1792. (Our Publications, xix. 325–326.) It should be said that prior to June, 1792, there was in existence no portion of the American Prayer Book printed in folio, so that alterations in a folio Prayer Book in 1790 or 1791 must of necessity have been made by hand. Four of the five folio books still in the possession of Christ Church were altered either by the partial folio of 1792, or the first full folio edition of the Prayer Book published in 1795 by Hugh Gaine in New York, or by a combination of both folio editions.

734. Journals of the Conventions in Massachusetts, 1784–1828, p. 5.

735. W. S. Perry, Sketch of the Episcopal Church in Portland, Maine (1863), p. 12. See also Batchelder, Eastern Diocese, i. 65.

736. Journals of the Conventions in Massachusetts, 1784–1828, p. 5.

737. In the treasurer’s ledger under date of October 22, 1784, is the record: “Cash p’d M^r. Graves Journey, 1.10.0.” Payments for service by him on Sundays are entered on October 25, 31, and November 15. The records also show that Thomas Fitch Oliver was paid for one Sunday, on November 8.

738. During his six years of service at Christ Church Mr. Lewis performed 264 baptisms, 73 burials, and 138 marriages.

739. The Independent Chronicle of Thursday, December 2, 1784, p. 4/1, advertised a “List of Letters remaining in the Post-Office, Boston, November 22, 1784.” Under the letter L was the name, “Lewis Stephen, Rev.”

740. F. Dalcho, Historical Account of the Protestant Episcopal Church in South Carolina (Charleston, 1820), p. 381.

741. Id. p. 435.

742. Minutes of the Vestry of St. Helena’s Parish, South Carolina, 1726–1812 (ed. A. S. Salley, Jr., Columbia, S. C., 1919). Although the imprint reads 1919 the book was not actually published until 1923.

743. Vestry Minutes, p. 168.

744. Pp. 169, 170.

745. Vestry Minutes, p. 171.

746. P. 174. 1705 is an obvious clerical error for 1785.

747. Mary Greene was born October 1, 1768. I am indebted to Miss Mabel L. Webber of the South Carolina Historical Society for information regarding the marriage of Mr. Lewis and the birth and baptism of his son. The Society possesses a copy of the St. Helena’s Parish register. Daniel John Greene was a member of the vestry when Mr. Lewis was called to St. Helena’s, and was elected a church warden April 17, 1786. He had also served as a warden in 1771 and 1777.

748. The god-parents on this occasion were “Col. Ed: Barnwell and Lady, and Mr. Daniel John Green.” The parish register shows that Mr. Lewis had two more children: William Bower Lewis, born March 13, 1788, died September 29, 1790; Elizabeth Mary Hooper Lewis, born October 29, 1789.

749. Dalcho, Historical Account, p. 475.

750. P. 474.

751. P. 478.

752. Vestry Minutes, pp. 186, 187.

753. P. 196.

754. Vestry Minutes, p. 197.

755. I am indebted to Miss Ellen H. Jervey, Librarian of the College of Charleston, for supplying this extract from the City Gazette.

At the time of the death of Mr. Lewis the church appears to have been indebted to him to the amount of £388.11.1, equivalent to more than two and a half years’ salary. On July 5, 1791: “It was agreed this day that the church wardens do pay into the hands of M^rs Lewis Executrix of Rev^d M^r Lewes, notes of hand of the several persons who are in arrears for Interest Money due on their Bonds, and that a discharge be taken for the said Ball^ce due to him of £388.11.1” (Vestry Minutes, p. 207). More than two years later, Mrs. Lewis having remarried in the meantime, “M^r Jn^o Grayson presented a power of attorney from M^rs Mary Wall Executrix to the last Will & Testament of her late husband Rev^d Step. C. Lewes, demanding payment of the Vestry for the dett due to her late Husband.—M^r Grayson proposed Receiv^g Bonds in payment on Consideration the Vestry agreed to pass to him

which Bonds are delv^d. to him in part of said debt so oweing, the Ball^ce In said Est^e, to remain a further time till a full and final adjustment of acco^ts can take place” (p. 212). The matter dragged on for a number of years. In April, 1808, the vestry “Resolved that the Church Wardens are hereby directed and authorized to liquidate the demands of the heirs of the Rev^d. m^r. Lewis against the Church and to settle the same either by an assignment of Notes due the Church or in money as they can best arrange it” (p. 257). The last record appears under date of October 1, 1810, when “Doc^t Findley presented an order from M^rs Wall late widow of the Rev^d Mr. Lewis for $86.93 ³/₄100—the same was immediately Paid” (p. 266).

756. These notes have been incorporated in Mr. Bowles’s paper on “The Loyalty of Barnstable in the Revolution:” see pp. 265–345, above.

757. F. Freeman, History of Cape Cod, ii. 310 and note. The passage quoted will be found in Gordon’s History, London (1788), i. 423; New York (1789, 1794, 1901), i. 276.

758. Our Publications, xiv. 360 note 1.

759. In a letter to James Bowdoin dated London, May 18, 1770, Gordon said:

In the sketch of Gordon in the Dictionary of National Biography, it is said that “In 1772 he was pastor of the third church at Roxbury,” and that “He was afterwards pastor of a congregation at Jamaica Plain.” The writer of the sketch was in error in supposing that these were separate parishes, as they were one and the same parish. The Third Parish was organized on December 11, 1760 (F. S. Drake, History of Roxbury, p. 420) and incorporated on April 25, 1772 (Massachusetts Province Laws, v. 176–177). What was the Third Church of Roxbury is now the First Congregational (Unitarian) Church of Jamaica Plain.

760. F. S. Drake, History of Roxbury, pp. 420–423.

761. Journals Massachusetts Provincial Congress, pp. 189, 291, 393.

762. Both of these sermons were printed, as also (in 1775) “A Discourse preached In the Morning of December 15th 1774,” a Thanksgiving sermon.

763. Four letters by Gordon, addressed “To the Freemen of the Massachusetts-Bay” and dated March 25, April 2, 9, and 17, 1778, were printed in the Independent Chronicle of April 2 (p. 1), April 9 (p. 2), April 16 (p. 1), and April 30 (p. 4). They were in criticism of the proposed Constitution that had recently been submitted to the voters. In his first letter Gordon said: “The Constitution, gentlemen, is submitted to your consideration—but how? In the lump—take or reject the whole—no alteration is proposed. Neither is it preceded or accompanied with a declaration of rights—the only instance of the kind upon the Continent.” On April 4 a committee was ordered in the House “to consider whether the Publication in the last Independent Chronicle, signed William Gordon, merits the particular Notice of the General Court, and report what is proper to be done.” Later in the day “a Report of the Committee of both Houses respecting Doct. Gordon” was read, considered and referred “to Monday next.” On that day (April 6) the report passed both Houses. (House Journal, pp. 216, 217.) The resolve reads:

In his History of Roxbury Drake stated that Gordon “attacked, in a most pungent manner, Article V of the proposed Constitution of Massachusetts, a matter that, as a foreigner, it would have been more prudent for him to have let alone. This article, published on April 2, 1778, was immediately followed by his summary dismissal from his office of chaplain to both houses of the Legislature” (p. 402). This is not quite accurate. Article V provided that “Every male inhabitant of any town in this State, being free, and twenty-one years of age, excepting Negroes, Indians, and Molattoes, shall be entitled to vote,” etc. (Independent Chronicle, March 19, 1778, p. 1/2). Gordon’s criticism of that article is found in his second letter, which was written April 2 but not published until April 9. “The complection of the 5th article,” he wrote, “is blacker than that of any African; and if not altered, will be an everlasting reproach upon the present inhabitants; and evidence to the world, that they mean their own rights only, and not those of mankind, in their cry for liberty.” In his fourth and last letter Gordon thus speaks of his dismissal:

764. Cf. our Publications, xvii. 116–118. Under what title these were printed at Cambridge cannot be stated, since no copy is known.

Two years earlier there had been printed “An Abstract or [sic] the Lawes of New England, As they are now established. London, . . . 1641.” This code was drawn up by the Rev. John Cotton, but, “though often confused with the genuine Body of Liberties, it is well known to historical scholars that Cotton’s Laws were never actually in force” (id. iv. 295, 297). The Abstract was probably printed from an imperfect manuscript preserved in the collection of the Duke of Bedford, at Woburn Abbey, but Mr. Worthington C. Ford is convinced that “there is not a stroke of Cotton’s writing in these pages”—that is, in the pages of the manuscript in question. Probably they were prepared by some scrivener. In short, Cotton was not responsible for the printed title. Mr. Ford further thinks that the Abstract printed in 1641 “is nothing more than Moses’s Judicialls, and dates from 1636 rather than from 1641.” The reference is to a manuscript in the hand of Cotton, in the Massachusetts Archives, entitled “How far Moses Judicialls bind Massachusetts].” See Mr. Ford’s article on “Cotton’s ‘Moses his Judicials,’” in 2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xvi. 274–284. The 1641 Abstract was reprinted by William Aspinwall in London in 1655, when it bore a title which reads in part: “An Abstract of Laws and Government. . . . Collected and digested into the ensuing Method, by that Godly, Grave, and Judicious Divine, Mr. John Cotton, of Boston in New-England, in his Life-time, and presented to the generali Court of the Massachusets.” (Cf. our Publications, iv. 298.) It will be observed that “New England,” as found in the 1641 edition, disappears from the title of the 1655 edition.

The Body of Liberties, prepared by the Rev. Nathaniel Ward and adopted in 1641, was first printed in 1843 from a manuscript owned by the Boston Athenaeum which is entitled “A Coppie of the Liberties of the Massachusets Collonie in New England.” See 3 Massachusetts Historical Collections, viii. 216–237.

765. Cf. our Publications, xix. 14 note 9.

766. Political State of Great Britain, January, 1715, ix. 81. Cf. our Publications, xiv. 360 note 1.

767. Historical Register, 1716, i. 359. Cf. our Publications, xvii. 92 note 7. “Jeremiah” Dummer is an error for William Dummer.

768. Political State of Great Britain, August, 1716, xii. 156. Cf. our Publications, xvii. 92 note 7.

769. Boston Gazette, June 14, 1773, p. 1/2–3.

770. New England Weekly Journal, February 9, 1730, p. 2/1.

771. Boston Gazette, June 14, 1773, p. 1/2–3.

772. The word “imprint,” as here used, includes colophons.

773. Cf. our Publications, iv. 297–480.

774. Cf. our Publications, iv. 201–289.

775. Most of my examples are taken from a series of articles on “Early American Imprints,” in which Dr. Samuel A. Green described six hundred books printed at Cambridge or Boston in the years 1643–1700: see 2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, ix. 410–533, xi. 19–22, xii. 273–279, 380–423, xvii. 13–75. Three (1649, 1651, 1656) are taken from Robert F. Roden’s The Cambridge Press, 1638–1692 (1905).

776. The earliest extant seal of Harvard College is appended to a testimonial dated July 3, 1701. The outside legend reads: “Sigillvm: Academiae: Harvardinae: Nov: Ang:” See our Publications, xx. 204, where the seal is reproduced in facsimile.

777. Massachusetts Province Laws, v. 179–180, 295–296, 737–738. My attention was called to the Marine Society at Salem by Mr. Stephen W. Phillips.

778. Could Mr. Freeman have lived until 1902, he would have been delighted with an inscription on a tablet in memory of Simon Willard (1604–1676) in that year set into the wall of Canterbury Cathedral. In this inscription are references to “the British Colony of New England, America, 1634,” to “the British Forces,” and to “the American Commonwealth.” See our Publications, xii. 134.

779. See “The Harvard College Charter of 1672,” in our Publications, xxi. 363–402.

780. In a letter to Governor Dudley dated January 20, 1708, Increase Mather wrote: “I am afraid that you cannot clear yourself from the guilt of much hypocrisy and falseness in the affair of the college. In 1686, when you accepted of an illegal arbitrary commission from the late K. James, you said, that the cow was dead, and therefore the calf in her belly; meaning the charter of the college and colony” (1 Massachusetts Historical Collections, Hi. 126).

781. Full particulars of the charters will be found in the Introduction to Volume xv of our Publications.

782. Cf. p. 254, above.

783. The precise meaning of the terms “Fellows of the House” and “Fellows receiving salaries,” as here used, is somewhat uncertain. But apparently “Fellows of the House” meant Fellows of the Corporation, and “Fellows receiving salaries” meant Tutors.

784. In each of these charters, thirteen Fellows are named and in addition “the two senior Tutors residing at the College for the time being.”

785. In each of these charters, thirteen Fellows are named and in addition “the two senior Tutors residing at the College for the time being.”

786. Ewer Papers, i. 60 (New England Historic Genealogical Society). The original has no heading.

787. Of the Fellows named in the charter, Joseph Belcher died April 27, 1723, and Henry Gibbs died October 21, 1723. Hence, as Leverett became President on January 14, 1708, the document must have been drawn up not before January 14 or after April 27, 1723. It seems likely that the earliest date is February 5: see p. 395 note 2, below.

788. Rev. Peter Thacher (H. C. 1671; d 1727).

789. The fourteen Fellows were:

• Rev. Nathaniel Appleton (H. C. 1712; d 1784); Fellow, 1717–1779.
• Rev. Joseph Belcher (H. C. 1690; d 1723).
• Rev. Simon Bradstreet (H. C. 1693; d 1741).
• Rev. Benjamin Colman (H. C. 1692; d 1747); Fellow, 1717–1728.
• Rev. William Cooper (H. C. 1712; d 1743).
• Rev. John Danforth (1677; d 1730); Fellow, 1697–1707. Henry Flynt (H. C. 1693; d 1760); Tutor, 1699–1754; Fellow, 1700–1760.
• Rev. Henry Gibbs (H. C. 1685; d 1723); Fellow, 1700–1707.
• Rev. John Hancock (H. C. 1689; d 1752).
• Rev. Thomas Prince (H. C. 1707; d 1758).
• Rev. Joseph Sewall (H. C. 1707; d 1769); Fellow, 1728–1765.
• Rev. Benjamin Wadsworth (H. C. 1690; d 1737); Fellow, 1697–1707, 17121725.
• Rev. Edward Wigglesworth (H. C. 1710; d 1765); Fellow, 1724–1765. Rev. William Williams (H. C. 1705; d 1760).

Of these, Henry Flynt was at once the only layman and the only Tutor. Appleton, Colman, Flynt, and Wadsworth were already Fellows when the charter was draughted. This leaves one Fellow unaccounted for. Thomas Robie (chosen a Tutor in 1714) had been elected a Fellow in 1722, but resigned on February 5, 1723, and the vacancy was not filled by the Corporation until June 4, 1723. Either, then, Leverett wished for some reason to drop Robie from the Corporation; or, more probably, the charter was not drawn up until after Robie’s withdrawal.

790. Edward Hutchinson, though not a graduate, was Treasurer of the College from 1721 to his death in 1752.

791. Here the words “Order the” are apparently crossed out.

792. Evidently intended for “Purchasing.”

793. Cf. T. W. Davids, Annals of Evangelical Non-Conformists in Essex (1863), p. 156.

794. The India china punch-bowl, from winch the brew was drunk, was given to the Massachusetts Historical Society in 1871 (1 Proceedings, xii. 174–176, 178, 180). The house was in Cornhill, part of which formed the alley leading to Brattle Street.

795. Cf. Wyman, Genealogies and Estates of Charlestown, i. 319–323.

796. Both men kept journals during their imprisonment, the original manuscripts of which were left by Mr. Edes to this Society.

797. In the preface to her Annals of the Harvard Class of 1852, published in 1922, Mrs. Edes acknowledges her indebtedness to her husband, “to whose meticulous care in the reading of the proof and constant encouragement under the many difficulties that have arisen, in addition to the incentive of his interest, the volume is indebted for anything of value that it may hold.”

798. On Commencement Day, June 27, 1906, President Eliot conferred this honorary degree upon Mr. Edes, characterizing him as “Henry Herbert Edes, New England antiquarian and annalist, accurate reproducer of a reverenced past.”

In a letter to Mrs. Edes dated February 8, 1923, Dr. Eliot wrote: “I hope your husband realized how much I admired his historical and antiquarian learning, and his devoted labors in both subjects. For years I noticed his memorial zeal on behalf of the First Church of Boston, and marvelled at his success year after year in commemorating on its walls former members of the Church long dead but living again through his untiring exertions. His numerous historical and biographical writings will long keep his memory green.”

799. For this list of Mr. Edes’s writings, I am indebted to Mr. Albert Matthews. It is divided into two sections: the first includes separate publications and papers and documents printed elsewhere than in the Transactions of this Society; the second includes the papers printed in our Publications. In some cases titles and dates have been supplied by the compiler.

800. One hundred copies of this pamphlet were printed in a manner showing that Mr. Edes’s taste in typography was early developed.

801. Besides the papers fisted in the text, between 1868 and 1908 Mr. Edes contributed various notes, chiefly genealogical, to the New England Historical and Genealogical Register: see xxii. 197, 353, 463, xxiv. 426, xxv. 90, xliv. 209–210, 212–213, xlv. 338–339, lv. 445–446, lvi. 90, 408, lviii. 203, lxi. 396, 399, lxii. 383–384.

802. Several of Mr. Edes’s papers were issued in reprints, but it has not been thought necessary to specify these. Other references to Mr. Edes’s activities will be found in the indexes to the several volumes.

803. Our Publications, xx. 104–108, 280–285.

804. Bulletin of the Boston Society of Natural History, No. 31, December, 1922, p. 4.

805. Magnalia (1702), bk. ii. ch. ix. § 5, p.’27.

806. James L. Kingsley, Historical Discourse, delivered by request before the Citizens of New Haven, April 25, 1838, Note A, p. 75. The blunder about Morton is also found in E. Yale, The Yale Family (New Haven, 1850), p. 18, cf. pp. 23–26, 29–32; American Journal of Education, December, 1850, v. 715–721; Savage, Genealogical Dictionary (1860), ii. 97; in 1888 in the notice of Theophilus Eaton in the Dictionary of National Biography; and in 1904 by a former associate of ours in our Publications, viii. 341 note 2. When the last mentioned volume was published, Dr. Dexter called my attention to the error.

807. See the notice of Morton in the Dictionary of National Biography

808. Historical Papers (1918), p. 84.

809. New England Historical and Genealogical Register, January, 1899, liii. 82–83. See also Rodney H. Yale, Yale Genealogy and History of Wales (Beatrice, Nebraska, 1908), pp. 86–122.

The Thomas Yale who died in or about 1619 was a son of David Yale, in whose will (dated August 15, 1625, proved June 16, 1626) is a bequest “to David Yale, Thomas Yale and Anne Yale, children of Thomas Yale, my eldest sonne late deceased, twentie pounds a yeare.”

810. An inventory of his estate is dated August 27, 1619.

811. This error is found in T. Clap, Annals or History of Yale College (1766), p. 29; J. Savage, Winthrop’s History of New England (1826, 1853), ii. 217 note; J. L. Kingsley, Sketch of the History of Yale College (1835), p. 18; E. Yale, Yale Family (1850). In 1862 Savage (Genealogical Dictionary, iv. 666–667) mentioned both theories, but inclined to the correct one. The same work contains a puzzling statement. Savage asserts that “Dr. Stiles positively says” that Elihu Yale was the son of Thomas Yale, but gives no reference for the assertion. So far as I can ascertain, Dr. Stiles nowhere mentions Elihu Yale’s father. The explanation of the puzzle appears to be as follows. In 1826 (as noted above) Savage had made the same statement, quoting an extract from Abiel Holmes’s Life of Ezra Stiles (1798), p. 386. The extract is found in a footnote on that page, in “A Sketch of the History of Yale College” which fills pp. 383–402 of the Appendix, doubtless written by Holmes. The passage quoted by Savage is by Holmes placed within quotation marks. Hence, presumably, Savage concluded that it was quoted by Holmes from Stiles. As a matter of fact, the extract printed by Holmes is taken, with omissions and slight changes, from Clap’s Annals, pp. 29–30. Savage, therefore, should have said not “Dr. Stiles” but “President Clap.”

812. Cf. our Publications, xviii. 207–209.

813. Yale Biographies and Annals, i. 290–291.

814. Our Publications, xxii–xxiii.

815. xxii. 240. The sermon on the occasion by the Rev. Nathaniel Eells was printed in 1729 as “A Sermon Preach’d at Taunton, Feb. 21. 1728, 9. At the Ordination of the Reverend Mr. Thomas Clap.” That February 26, the date given in the Plymouth Church Records, is the right date is proved by a notice of the ordination which was printed in the New England Weekly Journal of March 17, 1729, p. 2/1. This begins, “Taunton, Febr. 27. Yesterday the Reverend Mr. Thomas Clap was Ordained Pastor of this Church.”

816. S. H. Emery, Ministry of Taunton, i. 294.

817. Vol. xxii. p. lii

818. B. Kingman, Epitaphs from Burial Hill, p. 4.

819. Another possible misunderstanding may be pointed out. “Why,” it is reasonable to ask, “may not the ‘Senior’ in ‘Smith Senior’ (or ‘Smith S ^r’) refer not to the individual Smith but to the class of which he was a member?” The reply is that during the period when the system of placing was in vogue, a member of the Senior class or of the Junior class was almost invariably called “Senior Sophister” or “Junior Sophister,” respectively. As it happens, two cases in point occur in the extracts here quoted. In one, dated April 30, 1730, there is reference to “Fogg Sen’ Sophister,” meaning Jeremiah Fogg of the class of 1730. In the other, dated June 5, 1731, “Sam^l Gardner Jun^r Sophister” is mentioned, meaning Samuel Gardner of the class of 1732. (See pp. 426, 427, below.)

820. Ipswich Vital Records, i. 315, 317.

821. College Book, iv. 120.

822. Hopkins Book, p. 4.

823. College Book, iv. 132, 138.

824. iv. 141, 151.

825. Wadsworth’s Diary, p. 58.

826. Id. p. 70.

827. Id. pp. 71, 80.

828. Id. p. 62.

829. College Book, iv. 84. This gift was announced to the Corporation on April 1, 1723

830. iv. 95. On the same day there was voted to “Rogers £3. Rogers 2 ^nds £8. Rogers 3 ^tlus £3. . . . out of the College revenue at Large” (iv. 95). These were, in the order named, Daniel (d 1785), Daniel (d 1782), and Samuel.

831. iv. 99.

832. iv. 342. Madam Saltonstall’s letter, as copied by President Wadsworth, is signed “M. Saltonstall.” There is in the Harvard College Papers (i. 150) a letter dated April 22, 1725, and addressed “To Rever^d M^raers Wadsworth & Coleman,” the signature to which is somewhat obscure, as well as a few of the words. In his Calendar to those papers, the late William G. Brown wrote: “N. Saltonstall to President Wadsworth & Reverend Mr. Colman. Clause of Governor Saltonstall’s Will bequeathing £100 to Harvard. . . . The writer of the above letter was probably Nathaniel Saltonstall, H. U. 1695.” In my opinion, the letter is signed not “N. Saltonstall,” but “M Saltonstall”—i.e. Madam Mary Saltonstall, whose husband had died the previous autumn (September 20, 1724). On March 17, 1725, “A Letter from the Hon^ble Maddam Saltonstal of New London dated March 3^d 1724/5 being Layd before the Corporation informing them of a Donation of one hundred pounds to Harv^d College by the Late Honor^ble Gov’ Saltonstal her Husband Voted—That M^r Wadsworth & M^r Coleman be desired to write a Letter of Thanks to Maddam Saltonstal entreating her to send a Copy of the clause in the Gov’s Will referring to said Donation” (College Book, iv. 101). The letter of April 22, 1725, is in part as follows:

There cannot be the least doubt that the letter was written in reply to the one which Wadsworth and Colman had been requested to send Madam Saltonstall on March 17, and consequently that the writer was Madam Saltonstall herself. I t is to be remembered that from the death of John Leverett on May 3, 1724, to the inauguration of Benjamin Wadsworth on July 7, 1725, the College was without a President.

833. iv. 141

834. iv. 151.

835. iv. 155.

836. Faculty Records, i. 20. The exact date of placing is not given, but the names are recorded between meetings of September 30 and November 26, 1728.

837. This line has a course been inserted by me.

838. College Book, iv. 136.

839. iv. 143.

840. iv. 151. There is in the margin a reference to “p. 152”—that is, College Book, iv. 152.

841. iv. 152. The reference is to iv. 151.

842. Faculty Records, i. 22. The Oliver in question was Peter Oliver (H. C. 1730), afterwards the famous Chief Justice of Massachusetts.

843. Faculty Records, i. 36.

844. Under the heading “Special Bill to Buy Land. Gov. Baxter explains Proposal to obtain Fort McClary, at Kittery,” the following appeared in the Portland Press Herald of March 4, 1924:

845. The following is taken from the Brunswick Telegraph of September 3, 1869:

846. Pine-Tree Coast (1891), p. 227

847. Mr. Johnson was one of a committee, of which the Rev. Henry E. Dunnack (State Librarian) and Mr. William D. Patterson (State Commissioner) were the other two, to raise funds for carrying on excavations at Pemaquid during the summer of 1923.

Mr. Johnson expressed himself as not unmindful of the great amount of research already done by members of the Maine Historical Society, and the valuable results to be found in its Publications and in those of the State.