INTRODUCTION

THE general character of the contents of College Books I and III has long been known, since portions were printed in 1833 in Benjamin Peirce’s History of Harvard University and in 1840 by President Josiah Quincy in his History of Harvard University, and the exact contents were indicated page by page in 1895 by the late Andrew McFarland Davis.1 But Quincy’s transcripts, besides being incomplete, are sometimes inaccurate;2 Mr. Davis’s Analysis, though useful, is merely a calendar, is extremely brief, and makes reference to the original Books necessary; and large portions of those Books are here printed for the first time. Quincy printed little from College Book IV, and Mr. Davis’s Analysis merely indicates its contents in a general way: hence the contents of that Book are now made known practically for the first time.

The material here printed covers a period of one hundred and fourteen years,3 and, as one would naturally expect, contains many references to various College records. Presidents Leverett, Wadsworth, Holyoke, and Quincy were diligent students of these records, and inserted many marginal entries which were not only useful in their day as indicating the nature of the matter recorded, but which also throw important light on the College records themselves. Previous to the time of President Wadsworth (1725–1737), the early volumes of records were known only by title, and were always so cited by President Leverett (1708–1724) in the numerous marginal entries made by him. Six of these volumes were not only numbered by Wadsworth 1 to 6,4 but he also compiled an Index to their contents which is still extant. A detailed description of these Books follows.

College Book I

This Book contains 354 pages, of which 217 are blank.5 The leaves measure 6¾ inches in width by 16½ in height. It contains Corporation meetings, Overseers’ meetings, a list of graduates from 1642 to 1795,6 the College Laws of 1734, the Library Laws of 1736, and some miscellaneous records, extending from 1643 to 1687.

Previous to 1725, this Book was known as “Long College Book” and “Old College Book.” As already stated, President Wadsworth, no doubt finding such designations cumbersome, numbered certain volumes 1 to 6. On the first page of the Book in question is written in his hand:

College Book N^o. 1.

When bound, presumably in President Quincy’s day (1829–1845),7 the back of the cover was labelled “College Book No. 1. & 2.” For an explanation of this mistake, see p. xix, below.

The pagination of this book is both puzzling and confusing, many pages having two, and some three, numbers.8 About thirty-five years ago Mr. Davis paged the Book consecutively in lead pencil. In these printed volumes, Mr. Davis’s notation is followed, his page numbers being given in heavy face type within square brackets. In the collation which follows, A represents Mr. Davis’s notation. B represents the pagination which begins with the first page and can be easily identified as far as 47. It would seem as if the Book had been made up by binding together several quires, each quire having originally been used for a separate purpose. However that may have been, it is certain that the first quire was intended to be paged from 1 to 24, but through inadvertence the leaf containing pages 8–9 was overlooked and the numbers run from 1 to 22, instead of from 1 to 24. This notation, with the consequent error, is continued through pages 23–47, which ought to have been numbered 25–49. These numbers are found on the outer corner of the leaves, except on pages 14, 16, 18, and 20, where they are in the middle. By whom these figures were inserted is unknown, but apparently they were not inserted very early. C represents a third series, which begins on the 23rd page of B, but the 25th page of the Book, the figures running from 1 to 227, though page [29] was not numbered at all, pages [31–32] were numbered 1 and 2, and the page numbers 199–202 and 219–222 were inadvertently omitted. The figures of series C are mostly, if not wholly, in the hand of President Wadsworth.9 Finally, D gives the pages of Volume XV—that is, the present volume.

Collation of Paginations

A	B	C	D
1	1		3
2	2
3	3		4
4	4
5	5		5
6	6		5
7	7
8
9			5–7
10	8		7
11	9		8
12	10
13	11		8–9
14	12		10
15	13		10–11
16	14
17	15		11–12
18	16
19	17		12
20	18
21	19		12
22	20
23	21		13–14
24	22
25	23	1	14–15
26	24	2
27	25	3	16
28	26	4
29	27
30	28	5	17–19
31	29	1	19
32	30	2
33	31	7	20
34	32	8	20–21
35	33	9	21
36	34	10
37	35	11	22
38	36	12
39	37	13	23
40	38	14
41	39	15	24
42	40	16
43	41	17	24–27
44	42	18	27–29
45	43	19	29–31
46	44	20	31
47	45	21
48	46	22
49	47	23	32–33
50		24	33–35
51		25	35–36
52		26	36
53		27	36–38
54		28
55		29	38–39
56		30
57		31	39–40
58		32
59		33	40–42
60		34	42–43
61		35	43–44
62		36
63		37	45–47
64		38	47–48
65		39	49–51
66		40	51
67		41	51–52
68		42	52–53
69		43	53–55
70		44	55
71–74		45–48
75		49	55–56
76		50	56–58
77		51	58–60
78		52	60–61
79		53	61–62
80		54	62–64
81		55	65–66
82		56	66–68
83		57	68–70
84		58	70–72
85		59	72–74
86–88		60–62
89		63	74–75
90		64
91		65	75–76
92		66
93		67	76–77
94		68	78–79
95		69	79–80
96		70	80–81
97		71	81
98		72	81
99		73	81
100		74
101		75	82–83
102		76	84–85
103		77	85–87
104		78	87–88
105		7910	88–90
106		80	90–92
107		81	92–94
108		82	94–95
109		83	96–97
110		84	97–98
111		85	99–100
112		86	100–101
113		87	101–102
114		88	103–104
115		89	104–105
116		90	105–107
117		91	107–108
118		92	108–110
119		93	110–111
120		94	111–113
121		95	113–114
122		96	114–116
123		97	116–117
124		98	117–118
125		99	118–120
126		100	120–121
127		101	121–123
128		102	123–124
129		103	124–125
130		104	125–126
131		105	126–127
132		106	128–129
133		107	129
134–163		108–137
164		138	129–131
165		139	131–132
166		140	132–134
167–181		141–155
182		156	134–135
183		157	135–136
184		158	136–137
185		159	137
186		160	137–138
187		161	138–139
188		162	139–140
189		163	140–141
190		164	141–142
191		165	142–143
192		166	143–144
193		167	144–145
194		168	145
195		169	145–146
196		170	146–147
197		171	147–148
198		172	148–149
199		173	149–150
200		174	150
201		175	150–151
202		176	151–152
203		177	152–153
204		178	153–154
205		179	154
206		180	154–155
207–224		181–198
225–240		20311–218
241–245		22312–22713
246–249
250			167–168
251–258
259			166–167
260			165–166
261			163–165
262			162–163
263			160–162
264			158–160
265–267
268			157–158
269–271
272			156
273–353
354			155–156

College Book II

This Book was originally known as “Old Overseers’ Book.” That it was numbered College Book 2 by President Wadsworth is certain, though the fact cannot be demonstrated by the Book itself, since that is no longer extant. But that it must have been so numbered is proved by the entries in President Wadsworth’s Index and by numerous references to it under that title scattered through College Books I, III, and IV.14 Since 1764 there has been some uncertainty about College Book II and some confusion between it and College Book I. “The early Records of the College,” wrote President Quincy, “which embrace the occurrences of the first century after its foundation, are contained in three books, denominated College Books, Nos. I., III., and IV. There is none extant denominated No. II.; but that which is now called No. I., and by President Wadsworth is referred to as such, is sometimes in later College Books referred to as No. II.”15 If by “later College Books” President Quincy meant those compiled after 1764, the statement may be correct; but the present Editor has found no instance in any records compiled before 1764 where College Book I was “referred to as No. II.”

In 1773 the Rev. Dr. Andrew Eliot16 compiled the early portion of Donation Book I. In the preface to the volume he says:

This Account of the Benefactions to Harvard College is collected from the College Books of Records; and such other Helps as could be obtained. . . .

Other Inaccuracies & mistakes will doubtless be found. Imperfect as it is, this work hath been attended with no small labor and difficulty, owing in a great measure, to the loss of several Books of record, when Harvard Hall was consumed among which were the first or17 most ancient—and the Book that contained the particular Donations to the Library.

A: Eliot18

At page 51 of the same book we read:

An Account of the Burning of Harvard Hall.

In the Night after the twenty fourth of Jan^y 1764 Harvard Hall was entirely consumed by Fire, with the Library which the Freinds of the College had been collecting for more than a Century, and which by the Munificence of Benefactors was now become large and valuable, together with the Apparatus, the Portraits of Duns-Scotus Keckerman, M^r Baxter, M^r Penoyer, The generous M^r Hollis—many valuable Curiosities, The first Book of the College records, and a Manuscript Catalogue of the Books in the Library, with the names of it’s Benefactors, and their particular Donations.19

By “the first or most ancient” Book and by “The first Book of the College records” was meant not the Book numbered I but the “most ancient”—that is, College Book II. When Quincy became President in 1829, there was no one connected with the College who had seen College Book II, and when, presumably during his presidency,20 College Book I was bound, the back of the cover was erroneously labelled “College Book No. 1 & 2.”

But though destroyed in 1764, “the more valuable portions” of College Book II have, as Mr. Davis remarks, “probably been preserved” through transcripts entered in College Books I and III. In addition to these transcripts, which can easily be found through the index to the present volumes, there are the following entries relating to College Book II in President Wadsworth’s Index:

Entries in Wadsworth’s Index Relating to College Book II21

B

Not board out of Coll. without leave. (B.2.p.21.)

C

Com̄encement. order’d Dec.5.1683. to be on y^e first wenesday of July. . . . B.2.p.74.

Com̄ons, not live out of, em w^th out leave (B.2.p.21) a month, without penalty of excision.

Common-placing, if numbers small, once a month. B.2.p.24.

Commencers, not have more than one Gallon wine; methods to prevent disorders at Commencents. B.2.p.37.71. 3 gallons allow’d. p.71.

Com̄encement (see B.1.p.63.)22 order’d to be on y^e second wenesday in sept, & to continue so. 20.5.1682. B.2.p.73.

Corporation & overseers,23 sometimes B.2.p.26.29.31.24 met at y^e same time. B.1.p.56.

The overseers directed commanded (An. 1674. B.1.p.51)25 y^e Corporation (An. 1667) to take care about regulating Inconveniencies & disorders at Commencement. B.2.p.26.71.

Com̄encement, how manag’d, 1681, wn no President. B.2.p.70.71.

D

Dues to y^e Coll. to be p^d to y^e steward. B.2.p.4.26 B.1.p.23. B.2.p.21.30.

Detriment, 5^s a quarter for those who live out of Coll. A.D. 1660. B.2.p.21. first27 Degree (An. 1654) deni’d to those of 3. years standing. B.2.p.5.28

A scholar in debt above .20. days, to be turn’d out of his study. B.2.p.6. In debt above a month after Quarter Bill given in, to be look’d on as not belonging to y^e Coll. B.2.p.21. See B.3.p.23.4. To pay a Quarter’s due before hand, & yt from time to time. B.2.30.

E

Coll. Exercises as Com̄. placing, disputing, declaiming29 neglected, punishable by y^e President not exceeding. 5^s. B.3.p.25. B.2.p.24.

Coll. Estate. B.2.p.18.19. B.3.p.41.

F

Fellows, their Instalment. B.1.p.27. See B.5.4to.p.34.53 &c.30 must dwell, lodge, in Coll. be in y^e Hall at meal times. 1666. B.2.p.25. B.3.p.25.

Freshmen, not to be compell’d by sen^rs B.3.p.27.31 B.1.p.51. See p. 57. Webb’s case.32 See B.2.p.30.

Fellows, in want of a President, to carry on Coll. affairs. B.2.p.39.70. B.3.p.39.

Fellows, yr. chambers rent free. B.2.p.4.

Fellows, difference of yr salaries, B.3.p.54.33 why. B.4.p.17.24.25.26.27. B.2.p.32.

Fellows salary. . . . 12¹¹ An. 1654. B.2.p.3. chābers rent free. p. 4.

Charlestown Ferry, let at. 40¹¹ 1654. B.2.p.3.

The Sen^r Fellow, to be a Proctor, or visitor (suppos’d to be at com̄encement time) to visit chambers, suppress disorders &c. B.2.p.37.71.

G

A gift to y^e Coll. of .60¹¹ per An. for .7. years (An. 1669) from Gentlemen at Portsmouth, Pascataqua. B.2.p.32.

I

M^r Chauncey Install’d President. 27. of y^e 9^th. 1654. B.2.p.16.

L

Coll. Laws Latin. p. 19.34 An. 1642–1646. B.1.p.17. &. 37.35 &. An. 1650. p.18. p.23.24. B.2.p.21–23.36 B.3.p.19–22–25.36.37

Library, laws about it. Book 1. 138.38 B.2.p.27.

Lands belonging to y^e Coll. B.2.p.38.

O

Overseers of y^e Coll. . . . chose a Clark. B.2.p.3. An. 1654.

P

President’s House &39 fence mended by y^e Treasurer. B.4.p.5.40 B.1.p.41.52. . . . B.2.p.48.41 . . . 2^s a quarter out of every Scholar’s Tuition money, went to y^e President’s salary. B.2.p.3. house repair’d. 33.42 His House & Land rent free. B.2.p.3.7. B.2.48.

When y^e President’s place was offer’d to m^r Chauncey. A.D. 1654. an. 100¹¹ salary was offer’d at y^e same time. B.2.p.15.

President, 10¹¹ gratuity from y^e Coll. to him; 10¹¹ more gratuity y^e same year. 1660. B.2.p.22. & twice in. 1667. p. 31. once. 1671. p. 35.

Punishment, to y^e sum̄ of. 5^s may be Inflicted by the President may punish43 for y^e neglecting of Coll. exercises, disputing, declaiming &c. A.D. 1663. B.2.p.24.

Punishment corporal, in case. B.2.p.30.

Portsmouth Donation of 60¹¹ per An. for .7. year from 1669. B.2.p.32.

President Chauncey, buried at College charge. B.2.p.39.44

When President’s place vacant, Fellows to do y^e work & have greater allowance for it. B.2.p.39.70.

President’s Salary (An. 1654. B.2.p.3)45 p. 7, Judg’d by y^e overseers. 1672. sh^d be. 150¹¹ at least y^e General Court to be address’d about it. B.2.p.47.49.

Coll. gave. 100¹¹ to defray y^e Charge of D^r Hoar’s trasportation from Engl. he being chosen President. B.2.p.51.

President’s horse46 B.4.p.8547 repair’d B.2.p.33.35.48.48 kept at Coll. charge, B.4.p.5. bought p. 11. a present. 70¹¹ to Pres. p. 11.

Coll. Plate (An. 1654. wt. B.2.p.19)49 to be lodg’d w^th y^e President. B.3.p.64.50 B.1.p.52. wt there was. 1674. p. 5351

President had 2^s per quarter of tuition money & House & Land rent-free.52 B.2.p.3.

Q53

Quarter’s dues to be paid from time to time before hand. B.2.p.30.62.

R

Repairs of publick Coll. Damages, to be at y^e charge of all y^e Undergraduates. A.D. 1663. B.2.p.23.

M^r Dunster resign’d his Presidentship. 24 of y^e. 8^th. 1654. B.2.p.15.

D^r Hoar resign’d his Presidentship. 15–1. 1675. B.2.p.63.

S

M^r Sedgwick’s gift of a shop to y^e Coll. 1646. . . . B.2.p.19.

Scholars of y^e House, their Duty. B.1.p.27.38. 4 Scholarships. B.2.p.19.

Coll. Stock. . . . 1654. B.2.p.18.19.

Coll. Stock, Incomes of it to maintain Coll. officers. B.2.p.30.

Coll. steward to collect all college quarterly dues. B.2.p.4.

T

Tutors Salary. 4¹¹ per. An. B.1.p.3. & A.D. 1654. y^e 3. Fellows had, y^e first. 12¹¹ y^e 2^nd 11¹¹ y^e 3^d 10¹¹ per An. (in 1654. B.2.p.3.4) besides w^t yy had from their Pupils’ Addition in different degrees to yr Salaries. B.2.p.32. B.4.p.24.

Fellows had, chambers & studies rent free. B.2.p.4.

For Tuition, some gave more some less. B.2.p.4.

Tuition-money (as well as other College dues) to be paid to y^e Coll. Steward. B.2.p.4.

W

M^r Nath^l Ward’s conveyance54 of .600. Acres to y^e College. 1646. B.1.p.11. B.2.p.19. B.3.p.7.

College Book III

This Book contains one unnumbered leaf (the recto of which has only the inscription mentioned below, the verso being blank), 170 numbered pages, and one unnumbered and blank leaf—or 174 pages in all. Of the 170 numbered pages, 10 are blank.55 The leaves measure 9 inches in width by 14 inches in height. It contains Corporation meetings, Overseers’ meetings, descriptions and plans of College property, specimens of college diplomas, and some miscellaneous records.

Previous to 1725, this Book was known as “Thin Parchment Book of Records.” At the top of the recto of the first leaf (which, as stated above, is unnumbered) is this inscription:

The Colledge Book N^o 3

The words “The Colledge Book” are in an unknown hand; the words “N^o 3” are in the hand of President Wadsworth.

The pagination of this Book is, owing to errors, somewhat confusing. Beginning with the recto of the second leaf, page numbers were inserted by Thomas Danforth,56 and later by President Wadsworth,57 both of whom made mistakes; then by President Holyoke;58 and finally, in pencil, by Mr. Davis.59 These numberings are shown in the table on the following page, where A, B, C, and D, represent respectively the notations of Mr. Davis, Danforth, Wadsworth, and Holyoke, while E gives the pages of Volume XV—that is, the present volume.

Collation of Paginations

A	B	C	D	E
	1–37			171–206
	38
	39			206–207
	30	40		207
	31–46	41–56		208–221
	47	5760		222
5861	47	57		222–223
59–88	48–7762	57–87		223–262
89		88
90–121		89–12063		263–297
122–125			121–12464	298–301
126–170				301–332

College Book IV

This Book contains 352 numbered pages, of which 8 are blank.65 The leaves measure 9 inches in width by 14 in height. The first five leaves and the last leaf are unnumbered and blank,66 except that at the top of the recto of the first leaf are the words:

The Colledge Book, N^o. 4.

The words “The Colledge Book” are in an unknown hand; the words “N^o. 4.” are in the hand of President Wadsworth. When bound, in President Quincy’s day, the back of the cover was labelled “College Book No. 4 & 5.” For an explanation of this error, see page xxviii, below.

The make-up of this Book has caused comment, but presents no difficulty. Though the Colony Charter of 1629 was vacated in 1684, yet the government continued under it until May, 1686, the General Court meeting for the last time on the 21st of that month.67

Meanwhile Edward Randolph had reached Boston on May 14, bringing with him an Exemplification of the Judgment against the Charter and a Commission (dated October 8, 1685) for Joseph Dudley as President of the Council for New England. The new government was inaugurated on May 25, and on July 20 the following proceedings took place:

At a Councill held at Boston in New England July 20^th 1686.

Present.

	Joseph Dudley Esquire President
	William Stoughton Esg^r D.P.
John Pincheon	Esq^re	Peter Bulkley	Esq^r	and John Usher Esq^re
Wait Winthrop	Esq^re	Rich^d Wharton	Esq^r

The Colledg of Cambridge being in an unsettled posture by the late alteration of the Government, and M^r Increase Mather dismissing himself from further care and service there, the Councill have agreed to meet there upon Fryday next 23^rd Inst^t to consider of some form of settlement thereof; M^r Mather to have notice given him of said Meeting, and be desired to be there present; likewise

Ordered: That the rules and orders drawn up by said M^r Mather referring to the Government of the Schollars there presented to the Councill for consideration be inclosed and directed unto M^r John Leverett for his own, and the other Principall Schollars (now upon the place) their perusall and consideration of what may be needfull to be further added thereto respecting the Disputations and exercises of the Graduates, or any other thing.68

The proceedings at the meeting on July 23, when it was agreed that Increase Mather “be desired to accept of the Rectorship of the Colledge, & make his Usuall Visitations,” and that John Leverett and William Brattle “be the Tut^rs, & enter upon the Governm^t of the Colledge, & manage the publick reading in the hall,” were immediately recorded on the first page of what is now the back end of College Book IV,69 and the College Laws adopted on the same day were entered a few pages farther on.70 Following the proceedings of the Council on July 23, come the records of the Rector and Tutors from October 1, 1686, to April 22, 1687,71 and of the Corporation from June 2, 1690, to December 24, 1691.72

Joseph Dudley remained President of the Council for New England from May 25 to December 20, 1686, and was succeeded by Sir Edmund Andros as Governor of the Territory and Dominion of New England from December 20, 1686, to his overthrow on April 18, 1689. On April 20, 1689, a Council for Safety of the People and Conservation of the Peace was appointed; the Representatives met on May 9 and 22; on May 24 the government was settled as of May, 1686, but no assumption of Charter government was intended; the Representatives met again on June 5, 1689; on June 7 government under the Charter of 1629 was resumed; and the Court met for the last time on May 6, 1692. Meanwhile the Province Charter had been granted by William and Mary on October 7, 1691, and Sir William Phips had been commissioned Governor on December 12, 1691. He reached Boston May 14, 1692, and was inaugurated May 16.73

Though there was apparently little or no formal legislation about the College during the administration of Andros and perhaps none at all during the period between April 18, 1689, and May 16, 1692, yet Andros and Randolph both took a very active interest in the affairs of the institution.74 On June 27, 1692, a new College Charter was passed. Immediately the College authorities reversed College Book IV and caused the new Charter to be recorded, beginning on what is now page 1 of the volume. Following this come the Corporation meetings from July 26, 1692, to September 5, 1750, including a few Overseers’ meetings.75 The few pages between the Corporation records (1692–1750) and the records of the Rector and Tutors (1686–1687) and of the Corporation (1690–1691) are filled with some ceremonies connected with the inaugurations of Presidents Wadsworth and Holyoke, an account of bequests to the College, the College Laws of 1686, and a few miscellaneous matters.

College Book V in Folio (Treasurer Brattle’s Book)

This Book is referred to indifferently as College Book V or as College Book V in Folio. It contains one unnumbered leaf and 134 numbered pages,—or 136 pages in all. Pages 1–9 contain letters and petitions dating from October 16, 1693, to May 14, 1713; pages 10–18 are blank; pages 19–22 contain a Corporation meeting of May 8, 1693, and various matters from 1693 to 1712; page 23 is blank; pages 24–122 contain Treasurer Brattle’s accounts from 1693 to May 11, 1713; pages 123–134 are blank. There are various marginal notes by President Wadsworth.

Previous to 1725, this Book was known as Treasurer Brattle’s Book. On the recto of the first leaf is written, in the hand of President Wadsworth:

College Book N^o 5. In Folio

The verso of the first leaf is blank, but pasted to it is the following—

Note

This volume, called College Book N^o 5, in folio, was one of the books detained by John Hancock when he ceased to be Treasurer of the College. It was found and restored to the College some twenty years ago together with the old Treasurer’s book of John Richards (1669–) with which it was long tied up in one parcel. Being in much better condition than its companion it was finally removed to be repaired. It was kept by the Brattles.

W. H. Tillinghast76

March 10^th 1887

John Hancock was Treasurer from 1773 to 1777. When, more than fifty years later, College Book IV was bound in President Quincy’s day, there could have been no one connected with the College who had seen Treasurer Brattle’s Book, and all knowledge of it had doubtless disappeared: hence the error in labelling the cover of College Book IV as “College Book No. 4 & 5.”

College Book V in Quarto (President Leverett’s Diary)

In 1912 the Editor wrote:

In addition to this “College Book V in Folio,” there was also at one time a volume known as “College Book V in Quarto,” as appears from various references to it by Wadsworth in the marginal entries in the Corporation Records. This volume was either burned in 1764, or has disappeared, or cannot now be identified.77

The Editor has since identified the book as President Leverett’s Diary. It contains two unnumbered leaves at the beginning, then pages numbered 1 to 262, and then four unnumbered leaves—making 274 pages in all. The leaves measure 5⅝ inches in width by 7 in height. The entries extend from October 28, 1707, to March 28, 1724. On a fly-leaf at the end is written: “The children of the late Doctor Wigglesworth, present this manuscript volume, with their best respects, to the Corporation of Harvard College. 1797.” The inscription on the back of the vellum cover is difficult to decipher, but apparently reads as follows: “Pres Leverett Gift of Dr. Wigglesworth’s Children.”78 There is in the book itself no title, but the volume is usually known and cited as “President Leverett’s Diary.” The word “Diary” is a misnomer, inasmuch as the volume is not a diary at all, but is really a book of College records. It is wholly in the hand of President Leverett, and contains, besides some miscellaneous matter, certain meetings of the Corporation which are not in the Corporation Records themselves.79 Hence it supplements the latter.

College Book VI (Hollis Book)

This is variously called College Book VI or Hollis Book. The leaves measure 8 inches in width by 12½ inches in height. The volume contains about 129 leaves, but they are mostly unnumbered and blank. The first two leaves are unnumbered and blank, except that at the top of the recto of the first leaf is written in President Wadsworth’s hand:

College Book N^o. 6. in Folio.80

On the recto of the third leaf (or page 1) is the following entry in the hand of Wadsworth:

Anno Dom. 1726. This Book belongs to Harvard College

in Cambridge in New England.

At a Meeting of y^e Corporation of Harvard College at

Cambridge April. 4. 1726.

Voted, that m^r Treasurer procure a Book, into which shall be transmitted, and a Register kept of, m^r Hollis’s Rules, Orders, Gifts & Bounties past and to come; together with y^e names, age, and character of his scholars, the time of their Entry & dismission; and also all y^e Votes of y^e overseers & Corporation from time to time relating to y^e said orders, Bounties and scholas of y^e said m^r Hollis.

Pursuant to y^e Vote above, this Book was procured by y^e College Treasurer at the College charge. An. Dom. 1726.

I shall therefore Insert m^r Hollis’s orders &c.

Pages 1–34 contain entries in Wadsworth’s hand extending from April 4, 1726, to October 11, 1736; page 34 contains an entry dated September 19, 1737, in the hand of Tutor Flynt; pages 34–60 contain entries in President Holyoke’s hand extending from September 19, 1737, to September 7, 1767; pages 60–63 contain entries in various hands extending from September 30, 1768, to October 4, 1779; page 64 is blank. Later in the book are found a “Catalogue of Books;” “An Inventory of the Apparatus,” May 20, 1779; “An Inventory of the Apparatus,” January, 1790; and at the extreme end, the book having been inverted, a “List of Scholars on Mr. Hollis’s Foundation,” November 16, 1719, to 1736.

The Hollis Book supplements the Corporation Records and contains matter not in the latter.

President Wadsworth’s Diary

This contains 138 numbered pages and about 112 blank and unnumbered leaves. The leaves measure 5⅞ inches in width by 7⅜ in height. The back of the parchment cover is labelled: “President Wadsworth 1725–1736.” The entries extend from 1725 to October 1, 1736. On page 1 Wadsworth has written: “Benjamin Wadsworth’s Book (A. Dom. 1725) relating to College affairs.” There is no other title than this, but the volume is usually known and cited as “President Wadsworth’s Diary.” Again the word “Diary” is a misnomer, as the Book is really a volume of College records. It has apparently always been in the possession of the College.

Hopkins Book

This volume may be called the Hopkins Book, under which name it is frequently cited in the Corporation Records. The back of the cover is labelled “Hopkins Classical School,” but the binding is not old. The leaves measure 5¾ inches in width by 7¼ in height. On February 28, 1726–7, the trustees of Edward Hopkins’s legacy voted to desire “the Corporation of Harv^d College to Nominate and Present four suitable Persons resid^t at the College to receive three fourths of the Income of said Legacy and also five boys to be instructed gratis in grammar Learning in the School of Cambridge,” and on March 8th the Corporation voted that certain students and boys were to be presented to the trustees.81 The first two leaves of the Hopkins Book are unnumbered and blank, except that on the recto of the first leaf is written, in the hand of President Wadsworth: “HOPKINTON 1726 This book belongs to Harvard College, it cost five shillings & six pence on March. 23. 1726/7. & was bought to record y^e transactions of y^e Corporation with reference to Hopkinton affairs.”

The recto of the third leaf is numbered 1. Pages 1–28 contain entries in the hand of Wadsworth extending from February 28, 1727, to June 29, 1737; pages 28–67 contain entries in the hand of Holyoke from October 26, 1737, to July 11, 1768; pages 68–112 contain entries in various hands from September 30, 1768, to October 22, 1811; pages 113–201 contain entries in various hands from August, 1813, to August 22, 1848. Pages 109, 110, 122, 202, are blank; page 202 is not numbered. Then come 19 unnumbered leaves containing entries from February 16, 1849, to September 4, 1854. At this point the book has been inverted, there being four unnumbered leaves at the end. The first leaf and the verso of the fourth leaf are blank. The second, third, and recto of the fourth leaf contain entries in Wadsworth’s hand extending from October 17, 1728, to January 30, 1735.

The Hopkins Book supplements the Corporation Records, and contains matter not in the latter.

Though many other volumes of College records are mentioned in the text here printed, the above are the only ones that require detailed description.82

Overseers

Until recently it was customary to assert that the Board of Overseers was created by the Court order of September 27, 1642.83 A few years ago the late Frederick L. Gay showed that this was a mistake. On October 28, 1636, the Court “agreed to give 400^l towards a schoale or colledge;” on November 15, 1637, the College was “ordered to bee at Newetowne;” and on November 20, 1637, the Court appointed the following six magistrates and six ministers “to take order for a colledge at Newetowne:”84

Richard Bellingham (Treasurer)	Rev. Hugh Peters
Rev. John Cotton	Rev. Thomas Shepard
Thomas Dudley (Deputy-Governor)	Israel Stoughton
Rev. John Davenport	Rev. Thomas Weld
Roger Harlakenden	Rev. John Wilson
John Humphrey	John Winthrop (Governor)

These men constituted the original Board of Overseers, and their names—except that John Endecott (then Deputy-Governor) takes the place of Roger Harlakenden (who died in 1638)—are printed on the 1642 Theses.85 At the time of the first Commencement, Humphrey, Peters, and Weld were in England, Stoughton was apparently on the way thither, Harlakenden was dead, while Davenport had gone to New Haven in 1638. Consequently not more than six of the original Board were in a position to attend meetings, and a reorganization was felt to be imperative. This is obvious from the wording of the preamble to the order of September 27, 1642: “Whereas, by order of Co^rt in the 7^th m^o, 1636,”—error for “9^th m^o, 1637”—“there was appointed & named six ma^trats & six eld^rs to order the colledge at Cambridge, of w^ch twelue some are removed out of this iurisdiction,” etc.86 The order itself specifies that the Board shall consist of “the Governo^r & Deputy for the time being, & all the mag^trats87 of this iurisdiction, together with the teaching eld^rs of the sixe next adioyning townes, that is, Cambridge, Watertown, Charlestowne, Boston, Roxberry, & Dorchester, & the p̄sident of the colledge for the time being.”88

It has already been stated89 that on July 23, 1686, the President and Council for New England appointed Increase Mather Rector of the College and John Leverett and William Brattle Tutors, placing the government of the College under the two latter. By this arrangement, both the Board of Overseers and the Corporation fell into abeyance. The last recorded meeting of the Rector and Tutors was on April 22, 1687. Upon the overthrow of Andros on April 18, 1689, the Overseers and Corporation were revived, for “a meeting of y^e Corporation” took place on June 2, 1690,90 at which Nathaniel Gookin and Cotton Mather were “chosen fellows of y^e s^d Corporation: w^ch choice was approved of & confirmed by y^e Overseers, June 12.”91 Moreover, the four members present at the meeting of June 2 were Treasurer Richards, Nehemiah Hobart, John Leverett, and William Brattle, all of whom were apparently members of the Corporation previous to July 23, 1686. If the Overseers met again between June 12, 1690, and June 27, 1692, the fact has not been recorded.

The Charter of 1692 made no provision whatever for a board of Overseers or Visitors, all power being placed in the Corporation. The Charter of 1697 contained the following clause:

And, in order to the preventing of irregularities, and for the more assurance of the well government of said College, we pray his Majesty, that it may be enacted, and it is hereby enacted and declared, that his Majesty’s Governor and Commande-in-chief of this Province, and the Council for the time being, shall be the Visitors of the said College or academy, and shall have, use, and exercise a power of visitation as there shall be occasion for it.92

The Charter of 1700 contained this clause:

And for preventing Irregilaritys in y^e Governm^t of the s^d Colledge, We do hereby reserve a power of visitation thereof in our selfe our heirs & successors by our Governour or Com̄ander in chief together with Our Council for the time being of our Province of the Massachusetts Bay afores^d to be exercised by Our s^d Governour or Com̄ander in chief & Council when and so often as they shall see cause.93

The College was governed under the Charters of 1692, 1697, and 1700 from June 27, 1692, to January 14, 1708, when the College Charter of 1650 was revived—this time for good—and the organization established in 1642 was restored. Consequently the Board of Overseers again fell into abeyance from 1692 to 1708, after which there was no further change in its make-up until the adoption of the Constitution of Massachusetts in 1780. But attention should be called to the unsuccessful attempt made in 1727–1728 by the Rev. Dr. Timothy Cutler and the Rev. Samuel Myles, both graduates of the College and both Episcopal clergymen in Boston, to obtain seats at the Board of Overseers on the ground of being “teaching elders,” though this noted controversy is only indirectly alluded to in the records here printed.94

Corporation And College Charters

The Charter of May 31, 1650,95 specified that the Corporation should consist of seven members—a President, a Treasurer or Bursar,96 and five Fellows, the following persons being named for those positions:

Henry Dunster President
Thomas Danforth Treasurer

Samuel Danforth	Fellows	Jonathan Mitchell
Samuel Eaton		Comfort Starr97
Samuel Mather

On October 23, 1657, the General Court passed what is known as the Appendix to the Charter of 1650,98 the purpose of which was to clarify the relations between the Corporation and the Overseers.

On October 21, 1672, at the session which had begun on the 8th, the General Court passed a new Charter.99 This changed the name of the Corporation from “The President and Fellows of Harvard College” to “The President, Fellows, and Treasurer of Harvard College.” The Corporation was still to consist of seven members—a President, a Treasurer, and five Fellows, the following persons being named for those positions:

Leonard Hoar President
John Richards Treasurer

Joseph Browne	Fellows	John Richardson
Samuel Danforth		Thomas Shepard
Urian Oakes

For over a century mystery has attached to this Charter, and probably no act connected with the College has given rise to so many errors or so much misapprehension. Recently, however, it has been submitted to an exhaustive examination, with the result that many of the misapprehensions have been removed.100 At the beginning of 1672 the Corporation consisted apparently of President Chauncy, Treasurer Richards, one non-resident Fellow, Samuel Danforth,101 and three resident Fellows or Tutors, Alexander Nowell, Joseph Browne, and John Richardson. If so, then there were only four Fellows, instead of the five called for in the Charter of 1650. The death of President Chauncy on February 19, 1672, was followed by that of Alexander Nowell on July 13. Five days before the latter event Dr. Leonard Hoar arrived in Boston at the invitation of the Third or Old South Church, but also, apparently, with a view to the presidency, as he brought with him letters of recommendation for that office. He was duly elected, but whether by the Corporation or by the Overseers is not certain, between July 13 and August 1; he and the above-mentioned persons were named in the Charter which passed October 21; and he was inaugurated President December 10, 1672.

The situation with which Hoar found himself confronted on his arrival was a difficult one. The College had sunk so low that at the Commencement on August 13 not a single candidate for the degree of A.B. presented himself. The Corporation was reduced to a Treasurer (Richards), a non-resident Fellow (Danforth), and two resident Fellows or Tutors (Browne and Richardson); and, in addition, the powers granted to the Corporation by the Charter of 1650 had been repeatedly infringed on by the Overseers. Presumably Hoar desired a new charter which should confirm the powers granted to the Corporation by the Charter of 1650 and by the laws passed between 1650 and 1672; and considered that the filling up of the Corporation to its full complement of seven was imperative. The Charter of 1672 accomplished both of those objects. One was emphasized by the Corporation in 1723, when it declared that the Charter of 1672 was “for the perpetuation” of the Charter of 1650;102 and the other by Hutchinson in 1764, when he said that the Charter of 1672 made “some addition to the number of the corporation.”103

The Charter of 1650 was in force from May 31, 1650, to July 23, 1686, when the President and Council for New England appointed Increase Mather Rector of the College and John Leverett and William Brattle Tutors, placing the government of the College under the two latter.104 Only three meetings of the Rector and Tutors are recorded—namely, on October 1, 1686, March 8, and April 22, 1687. Just as, after the overthrow of Andros on April 18, 1689, government under the Colony Charter of 1629 was assumed (on June 7, 1689), so too did the College authorities revive the Charter of 1650, though exactly when this was done is not known. At all events, “a meeting of y^e Corporation” took place on June 2, 1690, at which Nathaniel Gookin and Cotton Mather were “chosen fellows of y^e s^d Corporation,” and the statement is made that this choice was confirmed by the Overseers on June 12.105 Other meetings of the Corporation are recorded on June 16, August 19, 1690, April 20, August 24, and December 24, 1691.106

President Mather’s efforts in 1688–1692107 to secure a charter for the College failed; but while still in England he pointed out the course that should be followed. In a pamphlet dated London, November 16, 1691, he wrote:

But let me Propose,

1. That the General Court do, without delay, agree upon a Body of Good Laws. . . . And as to what concerns the Upholding of Religion in that Countrey, there are especially Two things which may be done. The one is, By Laws to Encourage an Able and Faithful Ministry. The other, is to take care that the Colledge be Confirmed in such Hands, as will make it their Concern to Promote and Propagate Vertue and Learning. It was in a special manner with respect thereunto, that I did undertake a Voyage for England above Three Years and an half since. As long as that Countrey lay unsettled, as to the Civil Government, I could not do much for the Colledge; only I prevailed with a Gentleman108 of my Acquaintance, to bequeath a Legacy of Five Hundred Pounds to that Society. And now in this New-Charter, all Donations or Revenues granted to that Academy,109 are by the King, under the Great Seal of England, Confirmed. I humbly proposed to some great Ministers of State, That a particular Charter might be granted for the Incorporating that School for Academical Learning. Answer was made, That it should be so, if I desired it: But that a better way would be, for the General Court of the Massachusets Colony, by a Law, to Incorporate their Colledge; and to make it an University, with as ample Priviledges as they should think necessary; and then transmit that Act of the General Court to England, for the Royal Approbation; which would undoubtedly be obtained. I look upon this Particular alone, to be well worth my going to England, and there serving half an Apprenticeship; for that no small Concernment of Religion, and the Happiness of future Generations, are comprehended in this Matter respecting the Colledge.110

A Province Charter, however, dated October 7, 1691, was obtained, and under it Sir William Phips was inaugurated Governor on May 16, 1692. On May 27 it was—

Ordered. That the Rev^d M^r Increase Mather be desired, and is hereby impowred to continue his care of Harvard Colledge in Cambridge, as Rector111 thereof until further Order, and to give direction about the com̄encement now drawing on, and to manage the same as formerly.

William Phips112

Very soon thereafter the suggestion made to Mather by “some great Ministers of State” was adopted, and the College was incorporated by the General Court by the Charter of June 27, 1692. Thereupon ensued nearly sixteen years of uncertainty as regards the College, during which no fewer than five charters were proposed, of which one (1696) was rejected by the College, another (1699) was vetoed by Governor Bellomont, while the three (1692, 1697, 1700) that were accepted by the College did not, in spite of the prognostication of certain “great Ministers of State,” obtain the royal approbation but were all disallowed by the Privy Council.

The Charter of June 27, 1692,113 specified that the Corporation should consist of ten members—a President, a Treasurer, and eight Fellows, the following persons114 being named for those positions:

Increase Mather President
John Richards Treasurer

James Allen	Fellows	John Leverett
William Brattle		Cotton Mather
Nathaniel Gookin		Nehemiah Walter
Nehemiah Hobart115		Samuel Willard

Under the Charter of 1692 the Corporation held meetings from July 26, 1692, to July 6, 1696, during which time the following changes in membership took place: Nehemiah Hobart declined his appointment as Fellow and Charles Morton was elected in his place July 26, 1692; Nathaniel Gookin died in August, 1692,116 his place as Fellow not being filled; and John Richards resigned as Treasurer on April 19, 1693, and was succeeded on May 8 by Thomas Brattle.

Governor Phips having left Boston in 1694, Lieutenant-Governor Stoughton became Acting Governor. News of the disallowance of the Charter of 1692 reached Boston on July 12, 1696.117 The General Court had been prorogued on June 17 to September 11, and the draught of a new charter was almost immediately introduced. On October 12, Stoughton “desired & appointed” those who were members of the Corporation under the Charter of 1692 to retain their respective positions “until his Maj^ties further pleasure shall be known, or a legall settlement of said Colledge shall be obtained.”118 Under this appointment the Corporation met on November 9, 1696, but not again.119 The Charter of 1696 was voted and approved on December 17,120 but was rejected by the Corporation. In a document undated, but presumably drawn up before December 17, four members wrote:

The Act for Incorporating the Colledge, allows no præsident, except Resident, (and so the Colledge rendred Incapable of Action,) before the Act is confirmed.

Wee observe, that Four Thousand pounds revenue, bee Reduced unto Two; and know not what Advantage of it. Some Colledges in Oxford have Thirty Thousand.

No Corporation-Meeting is therein to bee had on any occasion, tho’ never so small, without Advice given to Sixteen, whereof some are far distant; & without the presence of Ten, and the Consent of Nine.

There can be no execution of any Statutes, or Orders, without the Encumbrance afores^d. They that know what it is, to Govern the Colledge, are of Opinion, that these things will render it Impossible.

Wee see a Diminution of Respect unto the præsident, in y^e Former Charter, as to Immunity of Servants.

The Visitation, is such as makes it extremely probable, that the Act will not only miss of y^e Royal Approbation, but also give Offence by its Variation frō the Direction of the Lords of y^e Council: Which wee instance, not from o^r Dislike of the Thing, but from o^r Concern, to have no part in any thing, that may Renew & prolong y^e unsettlement of y^e Colledge.

For such causes, wee humbly pray to be excused, from having o^r Names Inserted in the Act.

Increase Mather

James Allen

Sam^l Willard

Cotton Mather121

As this protest was unavailing, on January 6, 1697, the same four members together with three other members—John Leverett, William Brattle, and Nehemiah Walter—addressed the following letter to Stoughton:

Hon^ble S^r

Due Acknowledgm^ts of yo^r resp^ct to the College and to us ꝑsonally being premised, We have thôt it our duty to acquaint yo^r Hon^r with what has bin very gravaminous unto us.

We can’t but deeply resent the unkindnesses and disrespect, w^ch have bin cast upon us by the Council in the affair relating to that Society; Wee must needs be Sensible, we have bin treated as if we were Children rather then men capable to govern A College, for thus it has bin:

Althô the King has very graciously invited us to Renew our late Charter (w^ch is a kindness that no other King did, or w^d have shown to a New-England Academy) onely reserving to his Maj^ty and to his Gov^r A Power of Visitation. And after the Deputys in the Gen̄^l Court Assembled had desired Our Advice in the Matter, And passed A Bill accordingly, The Council w^thout ever So much as Consulting us, in whose hands the Governm^t of the College was entrusted by the former Generall Assembly (as well as Since by yo^r Hon^r) Negativ’d What the Representatives of the Province had consented unto; but we were not thôt worthy to have the knowledge of it for Several moneths, but were made believe, it was onely A Demurr in order to Some Emendations.

Som of us Signify’d to the Council, that if any Essential Alterations were made, in what had been consented unto by the Deputies, We for o^r p^ts sh^d not be any Longer concerned in, or related to that Society. Nevertheless we were Willing y^t there sh^d be necessary Explications, of any Article in the Charter, if that might Suffice.

After this the Council conclude on another Draught in Substance varying from the former, and in w^ch Old Priviledges possess’d by the College these 47 Years were taken from it. Particularly, Neither the Presid^t nor Corporation were allow’d those Serv^ts w^th Im̄unities, w^ch they ever had Enjoy’d. Nor were their Estates under their own Managem^t free from Ordinary Taxes, thô in all other Colleges, and in This until now, it has bin So. New Names of Severall Worthy ꝑsons at a remote distance from the College were put into this Draught, w^thout ever so much as enquiring Whither Wee c̄^d be conveniently joyn’d with them, and in the Order of placing those Names, A peculiar disrespect put upon Some of us. And according to this Draught the Presid^t was Obliged to Write 15 Letters every Corporation meeting, and was made as Insignificant a Member of the Corporation, as the most Iun^r Fellow therein, not being allow’d So much as A casting Vote; besides Some Other things, w^ch rendred the Governm^t of the College Impracticable and Impossible to us. Nor c^ld We prevaile not to be Obliged unto Paper-Votes onely, althô that one thing w^ld have made us ridiculous both at Court, and in all other Universities. Thus if it had not bin for yo^r Hon^r, We must, after we had Govern’d the College for many years, have had fescues given to us to direct us how to manage every Trifle.

And w^ch is yet a greater Consideration, Notw^thstanding the Ministers of state When writing in the Kings Name expressly require, That A power of Visitation be reserv’d to his Maj^ty (And not to the Gov^r onely) the Council in this Draught have wholy Excluded his Maj^ty, and have reserved that Power of Visitation onely to the Gov^r & themselves. Sh^d we act upon Such a Charter, We veryly beleive the King w^d (We are sure he w^d have just cause to) be Offended at us.

Yet further, Wee cannot but have A sad resentm^t of it, That the Gentlmen of yo^r Hon^rs Council have not in any One Particular that Wee know of comply’d w^th our desire in altering what Wee have Objected ag^st thô in things w^ch themselves have acknowledged to be reasonable: To Instance onely in that of Obliging the Presid^t to reside at the College, before the Charter is Confirm’d. And it is said, that Some of them, when they saw four of us had given it under Our hands122 that our Names sh^d not be inserted in Such A Charter, were the more desirous to have it Voted im̄ediately.

What advantage any of ’em c̄^d ꝑpose to the publick Interest, or to themselves, or what reputation it wilbe to them thrô-out the Countrey, or in other Lands, when the report of it shal there be heard, that they have discourag’d us from being any further concern’d in the College, We can’t Divine.

As much as we have bin contemned, we must needs knô, that the Countrey does not So much abound with ꝑsons fit to Instruct and Govern the Stud^ts, as that when we are all of us at once by Such unkind treatm^t driven away, A Sufficient Number w^thout us may be found to undertake it, or if they sh^d, others wilbe discouraged by our Example, unto w^ch Wee have bin thus constrained, or if so nothing will pass in England, when We have, (as for our Own Vindication it is necessary that we sh^d) given an Acc^t to the Ministers there of the reasons why we have declined the Service of the College

We are not so uncharitable as to think that there is in the Maj^r p^t of the Council (Who we are Satisfy’d, are both y^e College’s and our Friends) A design to ruine it—But we must Say, That Some late actings have A direct Tendency to the Dissolution and Desolation of that happy Nursery, and are like Speedily to issue therein.

To Conclude, Yo^r Hon^r (into whose hands as the Kings representative the College is fallen) was pleased to desire us123 to act as Presid^t & Fellows According to the R^s of our Late Charter until his Maj^ty’s Pleasure shall be further known, this We have bin willing to do. But the Treatm^t w^ch we have had this Last session of the Gen̄^l Court, has laid Invincible Obstacles in o^r way, that We can’t accept of anything more.

And We do therefore now124 Signify to yo^r Hon^r, That in Case the Draught agreed unto Dec^r 17^th Shalbe adher’d unto & Enacted, Wee Shall none of us be concern’d in the Governm^t of the College, & this We write not inconsiderately, but as that w^ch is our fix’d Resolution, from w^ch no ꝑswations can remove us.

As for yourself S^r We have no ground of Complaint, But We own you as the Patron of that Society, in the pmoting the Welfare whereof, Som of us have Spent a gr^t p^t of o^r time for many years past. It has pleased the Lord of his free grace (Wee humbly bless his Name) to cause the Work there to ꝑsper in our dispised hands. We shall pray, That it may ꝑsper more under the Conduct of o^r Success^rs, if any Such there Shalbe. Wherefore we have no more to add, but With iterated thanks, subscribe ourselves

Hon^ble S^r

Yo^r humble Serv^ts

J–M, J–A, S–W, C–M,

J–L, W–B, N–W,125

Jan^ry 6^o 1696/7.

L^t Gov^r Stoughton.

On June 4, 1697, a new Charter was passed.126 This specified that the Corporation should consist of seventeen members—a President, a Vice President, a Treasurer, and fourteen Fellows, the following persons being named for those positions:

Increase Mather President
Charles Morton Vice President
Thomas Brattle Treasurer

James Allen	Fellows	Peter Thacher
William Brattle		Samuel Torrey
John Danforth		Benjamin Wadsworth
Paul Dudley		Nehemiah Walter
Nehemiah Hobart		John White
John Leverett		Michael Wigglesworth
Cotton Mather		Samuel Willard127

Under this Charter the Corporation met from July 13, 1697, to December 5, 1698, during which time the only change that occurred in its membership was the death of Vice President Morton on April 11, 1698.128

News of the disallowance of the Charter of 1697 reached Boston on April 26, 1699.129 The General Court, not then in session, met on May 31, and in his speech on June 2 Governor Bellomont said:

I would very gladly promote a Charter of Incorporation for your Colledge at Cambridge, and will heartily joine with you in addressing his Majesty for his Royal Grant of such Priviledges and Franchises as his Maj^ty in his Goodness shall think fit. Tis a very great Advantage you have above the other Provinces that your Youth are not put to travail for Learning, but have the Muses at their Doors. Besides, that Colledge will always be a Nursery to Afford you a Supply of able Ministers for the Cure of Souls Therefore tis pity the King’s Royal Charter should not be Sollicited for out of hand.130

Accordingly, a Charter was agreed to on July 13, 1699,131 but on the 18th Governor Bellomont refused his consent to it for the following reasons:

The Bill for Incorporating Harvard Colledge at Cambridge was read, and his Ex^cy Objected to one Clause or paragraph therein, That none should be President, Vice President, or a Fellow of s^d Corporation but such as should Declare themselves, and Continue to be, as to their perswasion in Matters of Religion, such as are known by the Name of Congregational, or Presbyterian

And the Question being put to the Board, Whether they could consent to pass the s^d Bill, leaving out that Paragraph?

It was carried in the Negative

Then William Stoughton, Elisha Cooke, Samuel Sewall Esq^rs and the Secretary were Nominated, and Appointed to Acquaint the House of Representatives that his Excellency could not Consent to the s^d Bill with the Aforesaid Clause therein; And that he rather Advised to Address his Majesty for a Royal Charter of Incorporation.132

The Court was prorogued on July 20, but on the 25th the following proceedings took place in Council:

Whereas the Assembly at the last Session of the General Court, proposed to suspend their proceedings in the affair referring to the settlement of the Colledge until the next Session of said Court, and made their humble application unto his Excellency, that he would please in the mean time to continue the Government and direction of the Colledge with the Gentlemen of late a Corporation for the same, and that the Estate of the Colledge may be improved according to the rules and orders lately in force for the Government of the students and management of the Estate aforesaid, that those who have the care and Institution of the students may be suitably supported and encouraged

Advised. That his Excell^cy do accordingly continue the Government and direction of the Colledge with the Gentⁿ of the said late Corporation, to have and exercise the same until further order.133

This was the “temporary settlement” the exact nature of which was unknown to Quincy, and under which the Corporation met on August 7, November 6, 1699, and May 6, 1700.134

Between July 20, 1699, and May 29, 1700, only one session of the General Court was held—namely, from March 13 to March 23, 1700. On March 23—

M^r Leverett, M^r White and M^r Phips Members of the House of Representatives, attended on his Excellency with a Message from that house, praying his Lordship that the Care, and Government of the Colledge may be Continued in the Hands of the late Corporation as at present until other provision be made, which Motion was Approved by the Board.135

The new Court met on May 29, 1700, and in his speech on May 30 Governor Bellomont said:

What I proposed last May Session for the Advantage of the Province in relation to the Settlement of the Colledge, and fortifying this Harbour was so Coldly entertained by the Assembly that I am almost Discouraged from Renewing my Advice on those Heads, Yet my Zeal for the Public Service will not Suffer me to pass over in Silence those two Material Points. The Settlement of the Colledge will best be Obtained, in my Opinion, by Addressing the King for his Royal Charter of Priviledges.136

As the Charters of 1692 and 1697 had been disallowed by the Privy Council, Bellomont’s suggestion of a draught of a royal charter, though it had been rejected in 1699, was acted on; and on July 12, 1700, a Charter137—the fifth to be proposed and the third to be adopted within eight years—was agreed to. This specified that the Corporation should consist of seventeen members—a President, a Vice President, and fifteen Fellows, the following persons being named for those positions:

Increase Mather President
Samuel Willard Vice President

James Allen	Fellows
Samuel Angier		Jonathan Pierpont
John Danforth		Peter Thacher
Jabez Fitch		Samuel Torrey
Henry Flynt		Benjamin Wadsworth
Henry Gibbs		Nehemiah Walter
Nehemiah Hobart138		John White
Cotton Mather		Michael Wigglesworth

Of the fifteen Fellows, only thirteen are named in the Charter itself, and in addition “the two senior Tutors resident at the said College for the time being”—namely, Jabez Fitch and Henry Flynt, whose names in the above list are printed in italics.

Under this Charter139 meetings of the Corporation were held from August 5, 1700, to October 28, 1707, during which time the following changes in membership took place: President Mather resigned September 6, 1701; Jabez Fitch removed to Ipswich in 1703; Cotton Mather and Nehemiah Walter were regarded as having “abdicated” in 1703;140 Michael Wigglesworth died June 10, 1705; Samuel Torrey died April 21, 1707; Vice President Willard resigned August 14, 1707;141 and the five vacancies in fellowships were filled by the election of—

Jonathan Remington, January 4, 1703;
Thomas Brattle, August 10, 1703;
William Brattle, August 10, 1703;
John Leverett, August 6, 1707;
Ebenezer Pemberton, August 6, 1707.

Without either a President or a Vice President, the management of the College became intolerable, and on October 28, 1707, the Corporation—all the fifteen Fellows being present except Henry Gibbs, who did not arrive until after the vote had been taken—elected John Leverett President and drew up an address to Governor Dudley recommending the election to his “favourable Acceptation” and asking him to present Leverett’s name to the General Assembly.142 On November 11, in Council,—

Upon Reading an humble Address of the Fellows of Harvard College in Cambridge, Representing their Choice of M^r John Leveret to be the present President of the said College, And Recommending him to his Exc̄ȳs favourable Acceptation, Withal praying that He would please to present him to the General Assembly & Move for his honourable Subsistence;—The above said Address being also accompanied with Addresses from thirty nine Ministers;143

Voted that the said Election be Accepted, And that M^r Leveret be Desired & Impowered to take the Care & Governm^t of the College as President accordingly: Sent down to the Representatives;

And Not Concur’d by that House.144

This vote was read in the House on November 12, 25, and 28, when it was non-concurred.145 On November 29 was read in Council a “Message in Writing” sent up by the Representatives “Moving the Board to join with the House in Chusing a suitable Person to take Care of the College until the Session of this Court in May next.”146 On December 2 the “Vote of the Represent^ves sent up the 29^th” was again read in Council, and a motion was made that “there might be a Conference with the House thereupon;” this was acceded to, and “The House came up to the Council Chamber & attended the Conference.”147 On December 3 “The Vote of the Represent^ves Moving the Board to join with the House in Chusing a suitable Person to take Care of the College until the Session of this Court in May next, again Read, & Upon the Question put, was Refused.”148 On December 4 the Council revived the Charter of 1650, which, it declared, had “not been Repealed or Nulled,”149 and proposed that the House grant a suitable salary to the President; this was concurred by the House on December 5, when the salary was fixed at £150, and the Council concurred on the 6th.150 On January 8, 1708,—

His Excellency intimated a Council to sit at Cambridge, upon Wednesday the fourteenth currant for the affair of the Colledge and investiture of the president elect. And directed that the Gentlemen of the Council liveing at Charlestown, Salem and Ipswich, M^r Speaker and the Representatives of the near Towns, and the Ministers of Boston, Charlestown, Cambridge, Watertown, Roxbury and Dorchester be notifyed thereof and desired to give their presence at the Colledge at the time.151

And on January 14, 1708,—

The Fellows and Overseers of the Colledge w^th the Scholars and diverse Gentlemen from the several parts, attending the solemnity, His Excellency Instated M^r John Leverett, in the Office of President of the Colledge, delivering him the Key’s, Books, Seal, Instrum^ts and writeings to the Colledge belonging, & directed him to take the care and Government of that house and the Schollars there, with duty and allegiance to our Soveraign Lady the Queen, and obedience to Her Maj^ty’s Laws.152

Finally, the method by which the Corporation of seventeen under the Charter of 1700 was reduced to the seven members prescribed by the Charter of 1650 is explained by Sewall:

In the Library the Governour found a Meeting of the Overseers of the College according to the old Charter of 1650, and reduced the Number to seven; viz. Mr. Leverett President, Mr. Neh. Hobart, Mr. W^m Brattle, Mr. Ebenezer Pemberton, Mr. Henry Flint, Mr. Jonathan Remington, Fellows; Mr. Thos. Brattle, Treasurer.153

Thus, after twenty-one and a half years, the “unsettlement” under which the College had labored since May, 1686, was brought to an end. The College is still governed under the Charter of 1650.154

Until recently it was supposed that, though discussion as to a royal charter still went on for a few years after 1700, no draught of such a charter had ever actually been prepared subsequent to the failure to obtain the King’s assent to the Charter of 1700. Within a few years, however, there has been found the draught of such a charter in the hand of President Leverett. It is undated, but from internal evidence was doubtless drawn up between February 5 and June 4, 1723, and obviously grew out of the difficulties that had taken place between 1720 and 1723 over the attempt of certain of the Tutors to obtain seats in the Corporation on the ground that they were Fellows in the meaning of that word as used in the Charter of 1650.155 The draught of 1723 reverted to the form favored in the charters drawn up between 1692 and 1700. Notable features were that John Leverett was to be President “for and during his natural life,” that the Vice President was to be annually elected; that among the Fellows was included only one of the Tutors, and that the College was to have a person “to be present in the House of Representatives.” It is reasonable to assume that this draught, besides being in the hand of Leverett, was actually prepared by him; but apparently it never came before either the Corporation or the Overseers or the Legislature, and no allusion to it has thus far been found.156

In the following list of charter members of the Corporation from 1650 to 1723, the names of clergymen are printed in italics,157 the Class to which alumni of Harvard College belonged is given within parentheses (Roman type indicating graduates, italic type temporary students), while dates of death are attached to the seven persons who were not alumni of the College.

Charter Members of the Corporation, 1650–1723

A = Charter of 1650
B = Charter of 1672
C = Charter of 1692
D = Proposed Charter of 1696158
E = Charter of 1697
F = Proposed Charter of 1699, original draught
G = Proposed Charter of 1699, amended draught
H = Charter of 1700
I = Proposed Charter of 1723

Presidents

A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I
A									Henry Dunster159	(d 1659)
	B								Leonard Hoar	(1650)
								I	John Leverett	(1680)
		C	D	E	F	G	H		Increase Mather	(1656)

Vice Presidents

E					Charles Morton	(d 1698)
				I	Peter Thacher	(1671)
	F	G	H		Samuel Willard	(1659)

Treasurers

			D	E	F		Thomas Brattle	(1676)
A							Thomas Danforth	(d 1699)
						I	Edward Hutchinson	(d 1752)
	B	C					John Richards	(d 1694)

Fellows

						G			Isaac Addington160	(1662)
		C	D	E	F	G	H		James Allen	(d 1710)
					F		H		Samuel Angier	(1673)
								I	Nathaniel Appleton	(1712)
								I	Joseph Belcher	(1690)
								I	Simon Bradstreet	(1693)
		C	D	E	F	G			William Brattle161	(1680)
	B								Joseph Browne	(1666)
								I	Benjamin Colman	(1692)
A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I
						G			Elisha Cooke	(1657)
								I	William Cooper	(1712)
			D	E	F	G	H	I	John Danforth	(1677)
A	B								Samuel Danforth162	(1643)
			D	E					Paul Dudley	(1690)
A									Samuel Eaton	(1649)
						G163	H164		Jabez Fitch	(1694)
							H165	I	Henry Flynt	(1693)
							H	I	Henry Gibbs	(1685)
		C							Nathaniel Gookin	(1675)
								I	John Hancock	(1689)
		C166	D	E	F	G	H		Nehemiah Hobart	(1667)
		C	D	E	F				John Leverett	(1680)
		C	D	E	F	G	H		Cotton Mather	(1678)
A									Samuel Mather167	(1643)
A									Jonathan Mitchell168	(1647)
			D						Charles Morton	(d 1698)
					F				Nicholas Noyes	(1667)
	B								Urian Oakes	(1649)
						G169			Ebenezer Pemberton	(1691)
							H		Jonathan Pierpont	(1685)
								I	Thomas Prince	(1707)
	B								John Richardson170	(1666)
								I	Joseph Sewall	(1707)
						G			Samuel Sewall	(1671)
	B								Thomas Shepard	(1653)
A									Comfort Starr171	(1647)
A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I
						G			William Stoughton	(1650)
			D	E	F		H		Peter Thacher	(1671)
			D	E	F	G	H		Samuel Torrey172	(1656)
			D	E	F		H	I	Benjamin Wadsworth	(1690)
		C	D	E	F	G	H		Nehemiah Walter	(1684)
				E	F		H		John White	(1685)
								I	Edward Wigglesworth	(1710)
			D	E	F	G	H		Michael Wigglesworth	(1651)
		C	D	E					Samuel Willard	(1659)
								I	William Williams	(1705)
						G			Wait Winthrop	(d 1717)
7	7	10	16	17	17	17	17	17	Total number of Corporation

Three further tables will prove useful. Table I gives the dates of the charters that became effective, the number of the Corporation in each, and the number of the Fellows who were also Tutors. Table II gives the number of Tutors from 1650 to 1750. Table III gives the number of resident Fellows—that is, Tutors who were also Fellows of the Corporation—from 1650 to 1780. Since 1780 no Tutor has been a Fellow of the Corporation. It should be added that from 1724 to 1792, one of the Professors was also a Fellow of the Corporation.173

charter	president	vice president	treasurer	fellows	tutors also fellows
1650	1	0	1	5	2 or 3
1672	1	0	1	5	2 or 3
1692	1	0	1	8	2
1697	1	1	1	14	0
1700	1	1	0	15	2174

Number of Tutors, 1650–1750175

1650–1665	2	1677–1698	2
1666–1672	3	1699–1719	3
1672–1673	2	1720–1750	4176
1673–1676	3

III

Resident Fellows, 1650–1780177

1650–1665	2	1716–1721	1
1666–1672	3	1722–1723	2
1672–1673	2	1723–1724	1
1673–1676	3	1725–1754	2
1677–1696	2	1755–1759	1
1697–1699	0	1760–1766	2
1700–1715	2	1767–1780	1

College Buildings, 1637–1750 178

First Harvard College (1642–1679)

On October 28, 1636, the General Court agreed to give £400 “towards a schoale or colledge, whearof 200^ƚ to bee paid the nexte yeare, & 200^ƚ when the worke is finished, & the next Court to appoint wheare & w^t building;” on November 15, 1637, “the colledg” was ordered “to be at Newetowne;” on November 20, 1637, the Board of Overseers was created “to take order for a colledge at Newetowne;”179 on May 2, 1638, it was ordered “that Newetowne shall henceforward be called Cambrige;”180 and, John Harvard having died on September 14, 1638, it was ordered on March 13, 1639, “that the colledge agreed vpon formerly to bee built at Cambridg shalbee called Harvard Colledge.”181 Meanwhile, building had begun, for in a report enclosed in a letter of September 7, 1638, the Rev. Edmund Browne wrote: “Wee have a Cambridge heere, a College erecting, youth lectured, a library, and I suppose there will be a presse this winter.”182 A year earlier, presumably in or about November, 1637,183 the erection of the building had been placed in charge of Nathaniel Eaton, who, though a brilliant scholar, “marvellously deceived the Expectations of Good Men concerning him,”184 and was dismissed by the General Court on September 9, 1639,185 when the building was still far from completion. The “care of carrying on the building begun by m^r Eaton, was then committed to the management of m^r Samuel Shepard and the College Stock putt into his hand.”186

plan of the college yard

engraved for the colonial society of massachusetts

Henry Dunster arrived from England early in August, 1640, and on the 27th of that month was elected President by the magistrates and elders—that is, presumably by the Overseers.187 As to exactly what then occurred, there is some uncertainty, for there is no absolutely contemporaneous evidence to guide us. An entry in College Book III says that to Dunster was “committed the care & trust for finishing of the Colledge buildings and his own lodgings & the Custody of the Colledge Stock.”188 On the other hand Dunster himself, in a letter dated December, 1653, stated that “About 10 magistrates &. 16 Elders cald mee . . . to undertake y^e instructing of y^e youth of riper years & literature after they came from gram̄er schools,” and that “no further care or distraction was imposed on mee or expected frō mee but to instruct.” He then went on to say:

For y^e building was comitted to M^r Hugh Peeter, M^r Sam. Shepheard,189 & M^r Joseph Cook, who prudently declined y^e troble & left it to y^e two first. They also when they had finished y^e Hall (yet w^thout skreen table form or bench) went for England leaving y^e work in y^e Carpenters & masons hands w^thout Guide or further director. no floar besides in & aboue y^e hall layd, no inside seꝑating wall made nor any one study erected throughout y^e house. Thus fell y^e work upon mee. 3^d 8^ber 1641: w^ch by y^e Lords assistance was so far furthered y^t y^e students dispersed in y^e town & miserably distracted in their times of concourse came into com̄ons into one house 7^ber 1642. & w^th y^m a 3^d burthen upon my shoulders, to bee their steward, & to Direct their brewer, baker, buttler, Cook, how to ꝑportion their com̄ons.190

This building, the first Harvard College, was thus described in 1643:

The Edifice is very faire and comely within and without, having in it a spacious Hall;191 (where they daily meet at commons, Lectures, Exercises;) and a large Library with some Bookes to it, the gifts of diverse of our friends, their Chambers and studies192 also fitted for, and possessed by the Students, and all other roomes of Office necessary and convenient, with all needfull Offices thereto belonging: And by the side of the Colledge a faire Grammer Schoole, for the training up of young Schollars, and fitting of them for Academicall Learning, that still as they are judged ripe, they may be received into the Colledge of this Schoole; Master Corlet193 is the Mr., who hath very well approved himselfe for his abilities, dexterity and painfulnesse in teaching and education of the youth under him.194

In 1651 Edward Johnson wrote:

The scituation of this Colledg is very pleasant, at the end of a spacious plain, more like a bowling green, then a Wilderness, neer a fair navigable river, environed with many Neighbouring Towns of note, being so neer, that their houses joyn with her Suburbs, the building thought by some to be too gorgeous for a Wilderness, and yet too mean in others apprehensions for a Colledg, it is at present inlarging by purchase of the neighbour houses, it hath the conveniences of a fair Hall, comfortable Studies, and a good Library, given by the liberal hand of some Magistrates and Ministers, with others.195

In the inventory “of the whole Estate of Harv^d College,” taken by the President and Fellows on December 10, 1654, the first item reads:

The building called the old Colledge, conteyning a Hall, Kitchen, Buttery, Cellar, Turrett & 5 Studyes & therein 7 Chambers for Students in them. a Pantry & small corne Chamber. A library & Books therein, vallued at 400^ƚƚ.196

The building was wretchedly constructed and soon showed signs of decay. As early as July, 1647, President Dunster presented a petition to the Commissioners of the United Colonies in which he said:

Seaventhly seeing from the first euill contrivall of the Colledg buildinge there now ensues yearly decayes of the rooff, walls & foundation, w^ch the study rents will not carry forth to repaire, Therefore we present it to your wisdome to propounde some way to carry an end to this worke.197

In reply to another request for help, the General Court said on June 21, 1650: “for the desire of enlargment of buildinge, the Courte, beinge so farre in debt, are in no capacitie at p̄sente to encourage it, as otherwise they would.”198 In September, 1651, the Commissioners replied to Dunster: “By youers of august 27^th wee vnderstand that the former college buildings are in a decaying condition and will Require a considerable charge ere long for a due Repaire and that through the encrease of Scollers many of them are forced to lodge in the Towne.”199 On May 27, 1652, the President prayed “that such course maybe taken as the ruinous and streightned buildings of the colledge maybe enlardged and repajred;”200 and the Court in reply on May 31 advised a voluntary contribution, and repeated the suggestion on October 19.201 In September, 1653, application was again made.202 On May 9, 1655, the Corporation informed the General Court that—

The Colledge building although it be new groundsilled by y^e help of some free Contributions y^e last year, yet those ceasing & y^e worke of Reparation therew^th intermitted, it remains in other respects, in a very ruinous condition. It is absolute necessity, y^t it bee speedily new cov^red, being not fitt for Scholars long to abide in, as it is. And wi^thout suche Reparasion some time this Summer both y^e whole Building will decay, & so y^e former charge about it be lost, and the Scholars will be forced to depart. So y^t either help must be had herein, or else (we fear) no less then a Dissolution of y^e Colledge will follow.203

In August, 1676, the books were transferred from this building to the second Harvard College.204 By May 23, 1677, the building had “fallen doune, a part of it, and thereby rendered not habitable;”205 and the remainder was taken down doubtless in or about 1679, the exact date being unknown.206

That the College owned a bell in the very early days is shown by the “Rules, and Precepts that are observed in the Colledge” printed in a pamphlet published in London in 1643, one of which reads:

7. Every schollar shall be present in his Tutors chamber at the 7th. houre in the morning, immediately after the sound of the Bell, at his opening the Scripture and prayer, so also at the 5th. houre at night, and then give account of his owne private reading, as aforesaid in Particular the third, and constantly attend Lectures in the Hall at the houres appointed. But if any (without necessary impediment) shall absent himself from prayer or Lectures, he shall bee lyable to Admonition, if he offend above once a weeke.207

This bell, the fourth (or possibly the third) to reach Massachusetts and the only bell in Cambridge between 1636 and 1648,208 hung in the turret of the first Harvard College until about 1659, when “M^r John Willet gave to the Colledge the Bell now hanging in the Turrett.”209 There the bell given by Willet remained until the turret fell down about 1677, when doubtless it was transferred to the belfry of the second Harvard College.

A College clock is mentioned as early as 1660,210 but where it was placed is not known.

The precise location of the first Harvard College has never been determined, but doubtless it stood on the Eaton lot, on or near the site of the present Grays Hall,211 and its approximate location is indicated on the plan facing page lxviii.

Goffe’s College (1651–1660)

Of this building little is known. The second item in the inventory of December 10, 1654, reads: “Another house called Goffes Colledge, and was purchased of Edw: Goffe, conteyning five Chambers. 18 Studyes. a Kitchen Cellar & 3 garretts.”212 From what Edward Johnson said in 1651 about the College “at present inlarging by purchase of neighbour houses,”213 it is probable that Goffe’s College was bought in or about that year. As there are no references to Goffe’s College in the College records after about 1656, and as it is not mentioned in any of the extant descriptions of the College of a later date, it may be assumed that it was soon taken down, and the dates 1651–1660 are conjecturally assigned to it.214

The exact location of Goffe’s College was not known until December 6, 1909, when, in making excavations for the subway, its foundation walls were uncovered. It stood a little to the south and to the west of Wadsworth House. See the plan facing page lxviii.

Indian College (1655–1698)

In September, 1653, the “Commissioners for the Massachusetts” were desired to “order the building of one Intyre Rome att the College for the Conveniencye of six hopfull Indians youthes to bee trained vp there . . . which Rome may be two storyes high and built plaine but strong and durable;”215 but in September, 1654, it was left to the Commissioners “to giue order for the finishing of the building att the Colledge and to alter the forme agreed vpon att the last meeting att Boston as is desired by the p^rsedent of the Colledge provided it exceed not thirty foot in length and twenty in breadth.”216

This building, called the Indian College, is not mentioned by name in the inventory of December 10, 1654, but is perhaps referred to in the fourth entry as “One small house unfinished, intended for a printing house.”217 In September, 1656, the Commissioners, in reply to President Chauncy’s request “To make vse of the Indian Buildings,” said that they were willing that he “may for one year next ensuing Improue the said building to acomodate some English students provided the said building bee by the Corporation cecured from any dammage that may befall the same through the vse therof;”218 and in September, 1657, they accorded “the like libertie for one yeare to make vse of the Indian buildings vpon the same Consideration as was graunted last yeare.”219 In 1665, Colonel George Cartwright, one of the Royal Commissioners, wrote:

At Cambridge they haue a small colledge, (made of wood) for the English; and a small brick pile for the indians, where there was but one; one was lately dead, & 3, or 4 more they had at schole, as they sayd. It may be feared that this colledge may furnish as many scismaticks to the church, and the Corporation as many rebelles to the King, as formerly they haue donne, if not timely prevented.220

It was more fully described by Daniel Gookin in 1674:

One thing falls in here fitly to be spoken of, as a means intended for the good of the Indians; which was the erecting a house of brick at Cambridge in New-England, which passeth under the name of the Indian college. It is a structure strong and substantial, though not very capacious. It cost between three or four hundred pounds. It is large enough to receive and accommodate about twenty scholars with convenient lodgings and studies; but not hitherto hath been much improved for the ends intended, by reason of the death and failing of Indian scholars. It hath hitherto been principally improved for to accommodate English scholars, and for placing and using a printing press belonging to the college. This house was built and finished at the charge, and by the appointment, of the Honorable Corporation for propagating the gospel in New-England.221

On November 6, 1693, the Corporation voted “That y^e Jndian Colledge be taken down, provided the Charges of taking it down amount not to more then five pounds.”222 On September 19, 1695, the following action was taken by the Commissioners for Propagating the Gospel among the Indians:

Whereas the President & Fellows of y^e Colledge Jn Cambridge have Proposed & Desired that y^e Bricks belonging to y^e Jndian Colledge w^ch is gone to decay & become altogether Uselesse may be Removed & Used for an Additional Building to Harvard Colledge, We do Hereby signifye to y^e Corporation our Consent to their Proposall; Provided that in case any Jndian should hereafter be sent to y^e Colledge, they should enjoy their Studies rent free in said building.223

On April 7, 1698, the Corporation ordered “that the Bricks of y^e old Jndian Colledg be sold to M^r Willis, he allowing for them 20^ƚƚ.”224 And in the following month Sewall wrote: “In the beginning of this Moneth of May, the old Brick Colledge, com̄only called the Indian Colledge, is pull’d down to the ground, being sold to Mr. Willis the builder of Mr. Stoughtons colledge.”225

The exact location of the Indian College is not known. In 1848 Mr. Samuel A. Eliot placed it a little north of Wadsworth House. In an article printed in July, 1871, Thomas C. Amory wrote:

Farther along back of the spot whence Dane was lately moved, and where Matthews Hall is building, long stood the Indian College, . . . When a few weeks ago the foundations were being laid for Matthews Hall on a line with Hollis and Stoughton, but to the south of Massachusetts, a line of ancient wall was unearthed, supposed to have once formed part of it.226

In his earlier papers, Mr. Davis was disposed to accept the site indicated by Mr. Eliot in 1848, but in his final paper, written in 1893, Mr. Davis said:

On the plan in Eliot’s history of the College, a conjectural site for the Indian College is marked within the limits of the Eaton lot. No statement is given why this spot was selected, but it is probably based upon the existence of the débris of some old building in that neighborhood, or upon a tradition to that effect. It is not unlikely that we have here an unintentional hint of the site of the first College building. . . .

All positive knowledge of its site has been lost, but two places within the Yard have been conjecturally assigned to it. The first, the site indicated upon Eliot’s plan, has already been alluded to. I have intimated that the site referred to may perhaps have been that of the first College building itself. The other was based upon the discovery of débris when the cellar of Matthews was excavated. President Eliot is authority for the statement that the bricks and pieces of stone thrown up at that time were not in the form of a foundation wall. It is not probable that the Indian College had any cellar, and inasmuch as the bricks of which it was constructed were removed, there could not have remained any substantial signs to mark the site of the building. It seems to me, therefore, quite possible that the conjecture which attributes these relics to the Indian College may be correct. If so, we have on the one hand a probable site for the first College building on the Eaton lot, somewhere, perhaps, within the limits of Grays, and on the other hand, a site assigned for the Indian College, on the Goffe lot, within the limits of Matthews.227

The approximate location of the Indian College is indicated on the plan facing page lxviii.

Second Harvard College (1677–1764)

On September 12, 1671, the Council issued an order “to promote a generall contribution for building a new Colledge at Cambridge, of brick or stone, as an addition unto Harvard Colledge;”228 on May 15, 1672, the General Court ordered that “the ouerseers of the colledge shall manage the contributions giuen towards the reædifying Harvard Colledge, so that the end aymed at maybe attayned in all respects;”229 on June 20, 1672, the Overseers chose John Cooper and William Manning “to be Agents & Stewards to mannage that work,” and, in addition, appointed Deputy Governor Leverett, Daniel Gookin, Thomas Danforth, William Stoughton, the Rev. John Sherman, and the Rev. Urian Oakes, “to be a Com̄ittee for the Overseers, unto whom the Stewards . . . may have recourse and receive ord^rs and directions from them or any four of them.”230 On September 9, 1672, the Commissioners of the United Colonies wrote that though the College—

doth att p^rsent labour vnder sundry discurragements p^rtely ariseing by the death of theire late Presedent, and alsoe by the decay of theire buildings which were made in our Infancye, yett now are in a hopefull way to be againe supplyed with an able Presedent, and alsoe with a New building of bricke and stone for the effecting wherof there is alredy a contribution made according to our low condition.231

Progress on the new building was slow, and nearly two years went by before the frame was raised. On August 7, 1674, Sewall wrote:

New Colledge raised. John Francis helping about raising of the new Colledge had his right legg (both bones) broke a little above his anckle, and his left thigh about 4 inches below the joint, by a peece that fell on him, and had like to have killed several others yet hurt none.232

This building, at first called New College, was, after the demolition of the first Harvard College, also called Harvard College. On July 6, 1676, Daniel Gookin, one of the Fellows, was paid 4s 6d for “removing Bookes,” and on August 31 a further sum of £2.10.0 “in satisfaction for his paines in removing the library to the new Colledge & placeing them.”233 On October 12, 1676, Edward Randolph thus described the building:

There are three colledges built in Cambridge, one with timber at the charge of Mr. Harvard and bears his name; a small brick building called the Indian colledge, where some few Indians did study, but now it is a printing house; new-colledge, built at the publick charge, is a fair pile of brick building covered with tiles, by reason of the late Indian warre not yet finished. It contains twenty chambers for students, two in a chamber; a large hall, which serves for a chappel; over that a convenient library with some few bookes of the ancient fathers and school divines, but in regard divinity is the generall study, there are many English bookes of the late non-conformist writers, especially of Mr. Baxter and Dr. Owen.234

On May 23, 1677, Edward Rawson, on behalf of the General Court, wrote:

The necessity of the case presseth vs to write these lines to excite & stirr vp the . . . inhabitants of Ipsuich, &c, to joyne yo^r helping hands in a free contribution for finishing the new bricke colledge at Cambridge, w^ch being begvnn about two yeares since, and advanced in a good measure, but during the warre hath stood at stay for want of mony to finish it; but now the old colledge being fallen doune, a part of it, and thereby rendered not habitable, and the new colledge is like to suffer much damage if it be not speedily finished, these considerations vrge vs to desire yow will . . . speedily collect what the Lord doth incljne the hearts of the good people of yo^r toune to contribute for this good & publicke worke.235

On May 29, 1677, in a petition to the General Court, Manning and Cooper, the stewards of the building, said that they had—

brought the building on so farr as that the outside worke is for the most part finished & the liberrary compleatly finished & one chamber, all the rest of the house, for the present vselese, the most of the floores wants boards, 3 cases of holppacte staires to bee made that will not be done with a little cost, & the greatest part of the house to plaister & siele withinside, . . . the old Colledge is part of it (besides the turret) fallen down, & mens eyes generally vpon vs to get the new building finished, but wee haue not wherewithall.236

Writing apparently in 1679 or 1680, William Hubbard said:

In the year 1672, Harvard College being decayed, a liberal contribution was granted for rebuilding the same, which was so far promoted from that time, that in the year 1677, a fair and stately edifice of brick was erected anew, not far from the place where the former stood, and so fax finished that the publick acts of the commencement were there performed, over which God send or confirm and continue a president, for the carrying on of that hopeful work, that so the glory of the succeeding may in all respects equal and exceed that of the former generation.237

On December 24, 1691, the Corporation ordered that “the top of y^e Colledge be guarded w^th Ballisters with all Convenient speed.”238 On August 4, 1701, the Corporation voted that “M^r Willis be desired to veiw the old Colledg and to Jnform the Corporation w^t is Necessary for repairing said Colledg.”239 On August 7, 1707, it and Stoughton College were placed in charge of the Scholars of the House,240 “Each one quarterly [to] render an account to the president or Tutors of what Damage, & by whome has happen’d.”241 On July 9, 1712, the Overseers appointed a committee “to survey the Roof of Harvard College, to report the state of it, and their Iudgm^t for the best Methods for it’s reparation;”242 and on July 25 the committee reported that “the best way is to take off the roof & to raise a third Story upright in stead of the two Storys w^ch are now under y^e roof, w^th a flat roof well shingled; with a Coving or Mondillions on each Side of it, & a battlem^t of Brick at each End.”243 On April 7, 1713, the Corporation desired the President and resident Fellows to procure “a new Survey of both the Colleges, and consider what may be thôt necessary for a present repair.”244 The committee procured three carpenters “to make a New Survey of the Two Colleges,” who on the 11th or 18th reported that “for the Repair of the Gutters & putting on a New Coat of Shingls and puting y^e whole roofe into such a state as shall last tight and good for a good Number of years,” the cost would be £96.5.0, and £50 more “for repair of the stairs of y^e house, Windows, doors & all oy^r necessary repairs;” but that “If the roofe be taken off and the House repair̄^d in the way, in w^ch the former Com̄ittee directed It wil not be don under £450 allowing the benefit of the Materials of the Old roof.”245 On the 23rd President Leverett “waited on” Governor Dudley at the latter’s house and presented him with the report of the committee, and on May 4 he again saw Dudley, who “was pleased to Advise to y^e proceeding to repair the Old Coll: without taking off the roof. M^r Secretary & M^r Com̄issary Gen^l were of the same opinion.”246 On May 6 Dudley, Lieutenant-Governor Taller, Commissary Belcher, “with sundry Gentlm̄ of the late Gen̄^l Assembly,” visited Leverett, and—

After dinner his Exc̄ȳ enter’d on the Discourse of repairing y^e College, and Concluded with the Opinion of the Gentlm̄ then present upon reading the Last Survey of the buildings, that it w̄^d be most prud^t to proceed upon the repair as before. Onely the L^t Gov^r ꝑposed an Alterac̄on of the g^t Stair-case, and the Entry, w^ch was agreed to be necessary, but the Contriv^c Left to more mature deliberatōn.247

On May 12 President Leverett wrote:

M^r Cleeveland248 told me he had the day before bin at Saw-mills at Oburn to direct for y^e Sawing of Timbers needf. for the repairs and had Secur’d a Suitable Quantity of Pitch-Pine Boards for the Stairs. And that He was proceeding to Brantry, Waymo^th and if needf. to Hingham to direct making Sizable & Suitable Shingles, and according proceeded the Same day.

On the Same day M^r Treasurer Brattle gave us a Visit to whom we Com̄unicate what is above, who approved of the Proceeding and gave his thoughts much the Same he had writ a few days before to y^e Presid^t.249

On June 28, 1720, the Corporation voted—

That the College Hall be Cieled under the Ioyst, The floor new laid, and further necessary Conveniency made therin for the Orderly and Decent reception of the Stud^ts, in the time of Worship & meal-times. And that the Library be Cieled under the Ioyst, & that further don therto that shalbe thôt necessary by the Presid^t and Fellows of the Corporation residing in Cambridge to preserve the Books from Damage.250

On October 5, 1723, the Corporation voted “That the Two Lower Norwest Chambers in the Old College be fitted up in Such a Manner, as that either of ’em may be Suitable to entertⁿ a Tut^r.”251 On September 9, 1724, Tutor Flynt and Steward Bordman were ordered “to procure Spouts and Gutters or what shal be most Convenient for the North Side of the Old College to prevent further Damage to the College by Weather,” etc.252 On May 21, 1750, order was given as to “Glazing Work.”253

More than once the building was in danger of destruction by fire. On July 10, 1682, Noadiah Russell, then a resident graduate, described what, so far as is known, was the first fire in the history of the College:

At night about 10 of ye clock ye end of a candle being carelessly thrown into my chimney with bows in it fired ye bows and flared out of ye top of ye chimney, ye first person yt saw it (being in a fright) pulled ye bows into ye middle of ye floore where they blazed and ye windows and doore being shut, immediately filled the chamber w^th smoak and had almost fired the upper floor but ye small bows being not capable of holding fire long soon went out (ye scollars bringing up water) only ye heat of ye fire set ye mantle tree on fire w^ch being taken notice of was also easily extinguished but not without pulling down a shelf and severall boards which are nailed over ye mantle. Moreover the funnels of ye chimnies passing out into one sheeit set ye kitchen chimney on fire w^ch being foul burned a pretty space and great gobs of fire came out and ligh’t upon the College but the Rooff being wetted and scholars standing w^th water to extinguish it was easily secured.254

Twenty years later Cotton Mather, presumably referring to the same fire, explained the chief cause of the preservation of the building. Alluding to President Rogers, he said:

It was his Custom to be somewhat Long in his Daily Prayers (which our Presidents used to make) with the Scholars in the Colledge-Hall. But one Day, without being able to give Reason for it, he was not so Long, it may be by Half as he used to be. Heaven knew the Reason! The Scholars returning to their Chambers, found one of them on Fire, and the fire proceeded so far, that if the Devotions had held three Minutes longer, the Colledge had been irrecoverably laid in Ashes, which now was happily preserved.255

In 1704 the building was again threatened:

Cambridge, Octob. 29. About 1 of the Clock in the morning there happened a Fire in Harvard Colledge occasioned by a foul Chimney which took fire, and the soot being blown into the Belfrey, fired some old Boards, and melted the Lead (wherewith the Colledge was covered256) and then Fired the Planks; but one of the Tutors having the Key of the Scuttle which was lockt and barr’d was absent, wherefore 2 of the Students putting their backs to the Scuttle, forced it open, and threw water briskly, so that they quickly extinguisht the Fire, which otherwise had been of very ill consequence.257

On September 24, 1748, John Holyoke, an undergraduate, wrote: “Coll: on fire yesterday.”258 Finally, on the night of January 24, 1764, the building with practically all its contents, including the bell given by John Willet,259 succumbed to the flames. It was the oldest of the three buildings depicted in William Burgis’s “A Prospect of the Colledges in Cambridge in New England,” which, published in 1726, was the earliest view of the College buildings:260 see the frontispiece to this volume. It was “42 feet broad, 97 long, and four stories high.”261 In 1788 it was thus described:

On the lower floor, in the middle, was a hall, which served as a dining-room for the students, and a lecture-room for the professors; and till the chapel262 was built, as a place for the daily devotions of the college. Over it was the library, and at the west end an apparatus chamber for the professor of natural philosophy. The other apartments were the kitchen, buttery, and about twenty lodging chambers, some of which, in the upper stories, were inconvenient on account of the form in which the roof was constructed.263

From its ashes there soon arose on the same site the third Harvard College (the present Harvard Hall), built at the expense of the Province, in regard to which, as it lies outside the period covered by these volumes, it is sufficient to say here that it contained no chambers for students.264

Stoughton College (1699–1781)

On March 3, 1698, the Corporation appointed a committee of three “to treat w^th The Honourable Liev^t Govern^r about y^e additional building to y^e Colledg, of w^ch his Hono^r has made som Proposals to y^e Corporation.”265 On May 12 it ordered that “a cellar shall be made in y^e new building designed for y^e Colledge by y^e Honourable Liev^t Govern^r at y^e Charge of y^e Colledge.”266 Under date of December 14 is this entry:

Cash paid m^r Thos. Willis 10^ƚb in full, (with the Bricks &c of the old Indian Colledge Sold him last April by Act of y^e Corporac̄on for 20^ƚbs) for making a cellar under y^e Southerly end of the new building, unless y^e Corporac̄on shall see meet to allow y^m anything further on y^t acco^t as ꝑ s^d Willis’s receipt.267

In 1699 Thomas Danforth bequeathed to the College three tenements in Framingham on certain conditions, one being “That y^e annual Rents thereof shall be for y^e support of such Student as shall from time to time use & Improve one of the studies in y^e new lodgings erected by M^r Stoughton.”268 On May 6, 1700, the Corporation ordered Treasurer Brattle to pay Willis £10 “in ful for what is due to him for work done in the Cellar of the New Colledg,” and further that “the Schollars who are Accommodated w^th Cellars in the New Colledg shal Each of them allow to the Colledg 6 shillings” per annum, “Cellars belonging to the Tut^rs Excepted.”269 On May 13 Treasurer Brattle made this entry:

Cash p̄^d m^r Tho. Willis in full of his Acco^t for making a cellar under y^e Southerly end of m^r Stoughton Colledg & for making divisions in s^d cellar, 10 ƚb, voted y^t I should pay him in full for y^e same, as ꝑ his receipt under his Acco^t £10.0.0.270

On August 6, 1707, the building was placed in charge of the Scholars of the House.271 On August 30, 1708, the Corporation voted that “the Chamber called the painted Chamber in the Honourable M^r Stoughton’s house, be reserved for the Use of the near Relations of s^d M^r Stoughton residing at the Colledge.”272 On April 10, 1710, the Corporation voted—

That wheras the Slate roof on Stoughton Colledg proves defective and upon a Survey Thereof its judged more Convenient to Cover it with board and Shingle M^r Treasurer is therefore desired to take Effectual Care for the taking of the said Slate roof and to cover it wth board and Shingle and to doe wt shal be further needful for the repaires of the said Colledg.273

On July 9, 1712, the Overseers appointed a committee to survey certain of the College buildings, and on the 25th the committee reported:

As for Stoughton’s-College, Wee gave in o^r opinion this time two year of what we thought proper to be don—Or the roof of it may be taken off, & a flatt roof put upon it, & y^e Chimneys lowred.274

On Sunday, October 26, 1712, Edward Holyoke, then a Tutor, wrote: “In prayer time after Meeting there broke out a fire in the northernmost part of the New College in the Second Story, which would have liked to consume the house.”275

On April 7, 1713, the President and resident Fellows were desired to procure “a new Survey of both the Colleges, and consider what may be thôt necessary for a present repair.”276 Accordingly a new survey was made by three carpenters, who on the 11th or 18th reported:

Concerning the New College The s^d Com̄ittee are of Opinion, that the whole roof is to be taken of and to be boarded, and upon that shingles or slate as upon further consideration shalbe thought Convenient, of y^e other Inside repairs they have had no Considerac̄on having bin consider’d by a former Com̄ittee.277

On September 27, 1714, the President and resident Fellows were “impowered to repair the roof of Stoughton-College.”278 On September 30 President Leverett made the following—

Memorandum. That Deacon Barnard and M^r Manly came to Cambr̄. to view the roof of Stoughton College, w^ch wⁿ they had don, they came over to the Presid^ts, who went up w^th them to M^r Brattle’s, where they gave their Opinion that the best repair w^d be by boarding & shingling the s^d roof, and that for Safety from fire, they were of opinion that a platform upon the Gables of the Chimney w^d be a sufficient Security, and preferable to slating the house all things consider’d. Whereupn M^r Flynt Comply’d with this method, saying he c̄^d offer nothing ag^st it, M^r Holieoke agreed also, and M^r Brattle too. The Presid^t having ꝑposed this method from the first, and Comply’d to the Inviting the above-mention’d ꝑsons onely for the satisfaction of the s^d M^r Flynt and M^r Holioke.279

On April 4, 1721, a committee was appointed to take care that “a Cross Wall or Walls (as by the Skilfull shal be found necessary) be built for the strenghtning of Stoughton-College and that the s^d College be Clap-boarded on the East Side, and, if it be found needful, on the Northerly End also.”280 On May 2 the committee reported that “an Able Mason” had advised that the building was “so far bow’d that it could not be Secur’d as ꝑposed, and that ’twas necessary to take it down;” and it was instructed to get certain masons and carpenters “to take a thorô View & Survey” and report “what they think is most Advisable to be don.”281 On June 21 a meeting of the Overseers was ordered to be called on the 23rd for “the representing the decay’d State of Stoughton House,”282 and on that day drew up a memorial to the General Assembly in which they represented—

the desperate and Dangers Condition of Stoughton House, which, when they were ꝑposing to have built up a Wall or Walls for the Support & Strenghtning thereof was found So exceedingly bow’d and broken, by Surveys one and again made by ꝑper ꝑsons Skillfull in Such affairs, that ’twas thôt no ꝑjection w^d be effectual to Support it, but what w^d be much more unꝑfitable, and a greater Damage then the taking down the s^d House & rebuilding it,

and entreated the Assembly “to do as Almighty God shall direct in an affair of so great Import^e as even the Lives as well as the Necessary accom̄odations of Sundry ꝑsons of Expectation and hopes are.”283 The memorial was presented to the House on the 24th, and was there read a second time on the 26th,284 after which nothing further was heard of it.

In 1722 Tutor Robie said that “Some on top of the New College took observations which differed slightly.”285 On June 2, 1725, the Corporation voted that “a New Well be dug and a pump put into it at the South East Corner of the yard to accomodate the Students in Stoughton & Massachusetts Colleges.”286 In a message to the Legislature on December 16, 1730, Governor Belcher said:

When you consider what a diffusive Blessing the College at Cambridge has been to this Country in its Learning and Religion, and how much all the Estates among you have thereby been rais’d in their Value, and that while other Plantations are obliged to send their sons abroad for Education at a great Expence, and often to the Ruin of their Morals, we reap that Advantage at Home: I say, I hope these things will make you ready on all Occasions to Nourish and Cherish that Society. And what I would particularly point at, is the Complaint of the Sons of the Prophets, that they are straitned for Room. I am told that Stoughton College is gone much to Decay, and not without Danger of falling; I should be therefore glad that a Committee of this Court might be chosen to view it, and Report what may be proper to be done for the better Accommodation of the Students there.287

On May 21, 1750, order was given as to “Glazing Work.”288 The building is said to have been injured in the famous earthquake of 1755, but in 1833 John Pickering stated that he had “been informed by a near relative, . . . who was in college at the time, that the walls of Stoughton Hall had then begun to settle and lean considerably; and that the shock of the earthquake restored them to their perpendicular direction.”289 The surprising thing is that a building so bowed in 1721 as to be condemned to demolition should have survived for another sixty years. On September 24, 1779, the Faculty, “To prevent the farther Destruction of the interior Part of Stoughton Hall,” voted—

That the College Carpenters be directed to take away all the Boards & Timbers in Stoughton Hall, that may be removed with safety to the Walls of s^d Build^g & secure s^d Boards & Timbers in Holden Chapel, & then draw all the Nails that may be of Use, & reserve them for the Benefit of the College.290

On September 29, 1781, action was again taken by the Faculty:

Whereas great part of the back wall of Stoughton Hall has lately fallen down, so as to render the Chimneys dangerous to the lives of persons passing by;—Therefore—

Voted—That the Chimneys be taken down immediately as far as the roof of the building, & that the state of the building be represented to the Corporation at their next meeting, for their further order.291

On October 2 the Overseers voted that “it be recommended to the Corporation to take order immediately respecting the decayed building of Stoughton Hall.”292 On the same day the Corporation, “In conformity to a vote of the Hon^ble & Rev^d Board of Overseers,”—

Voted—That the immediate Government of the College be desired to dispose of Stoughton Hall as it now stands, on the best terms they can, to some person who will engage to remove it from the ground as soon as may be after the building shall be sold.293

On October 3 the Faculty,—

Agreeable to the vote of the Rev^d & Hon^ble Corporation, impowering & directing the immediate Government of this University to make sale of Stoughton Hall on the best terms they can

Voted—That the materials, except of Stone, of which Stoughton Hall is built be disposed of at public sale, on Thursday the 18^th instant at three of the clock afternoon; notice to be previously given by an advertisement in the Boston News-papers, by the Rev^d Professor Williams.—And M^r Winthrop is desired to take care of the business.294

Accordingly the following advertisement appeared in the Independent Chronicle of October 11 (page 2/2):

ON Thursday the 18th inst. at the University of Cambridge, will be disposed of by Public Vendue, all the Materials, except the Stones, of which Stoughton Hall is built, the Building will be sold standing, and the Materials are to be removed by the Purchaser as soon as possible after the Sale. For Conditions of Sale, inquire of the Printer.

By Order of the Corporation,

Harvard-College, Octo. 3, 1781.

S. Williams.

A memorandum added to the Corporation record of October 2 states that “Stoughton Hall was purchased at public auction for the College.”295 What is perhaps the last reference to the building is under date of November 13, 1781, when the Corporation voted—

That Deacon Aaron Hill have liberty to take down the walls of Stoughton Hall, and clean the Bricks, preserving for the use of the College one half of the Bricks, which he is carefully to pile up, leaving the corner stones, the stones in the cellar with Governor Stoughton’s Arms, and the Inscription under it, & remove the Rubbish; & for his time & trouble to have the other half of the Bricks.296

Stoughton College was thus described in 1788: “It contained sixteen chambers for students, but no public apartments. Its length was one hundred, and its breadth twenty feet.”297 But on a plan of a portion of the College Yard made by President Holyoke about 1765, the length of the building is given as 97 feet and the breadth as 22 feet and 10 inches: see Plan H, facing page 260, below.

Stoughton College stood west of the present University Hall, facing the present Johnston Gate, its northerly end close to the second Harvard College and its southerly end close to Massachusetts Hall. It was the second oldest of the three buildings depicted in 1726 in Burgis’s Prospect of the Colledges: see the frontispiece to this volume. In the Corporation vote of November 13, 1781, quoted above, there is mention of “the stones in the cellar with Governor Stoughton’s Arms, and the Inscription under it.” These stones are plainly seen in Burgis’s Prospect. The “following Inscription,” wrote Dr. Andrew Eliot in 1773, “is on the Front of the Building:”

deo. opt. max. bonisq. literis s.

gulielmus stoughton armiger provinciæ

massachuset. nov-anglorum vice-gubernator

collegii harvardini olim alumnus

semper patronus fecit

anno domini 1699298

Massachusetts Hall

“It was in November, 1717,” writes Mr. Lane, “that the need for a new building to provide lodging for students first found public expression;” and “the first step toward obtaining a new building was taken on November 14, 1717, when at a meeting of the Overseers the President stated the difficulties of the situation, and moved that the Overseers would consider and advise what should be done.”299 President Leverett then read the draught of a memorial to the General Assembly he had prepared, which was approved and referred to a committee, by whom it was presented to Governor Shute on the 15th. On May 22, 1720, the President was desired to acquaint the Overseers that “the New College is near Finish’d.”300 On June 28 the Corporation voted “That the New College be kept securely shut up, and no Use made of it, either of Chambers or Cellars, for the next Com̄encm^t to prevent the Damage that will otherwise necessariely be, while the house is new & Green;”301 but on June 30, wrote President Leverett, “Upon the representation of the great disappointm^t it was like to prove to Sundry of the Com̄encers not to emprove Some p^ts of the New Building,” the Corporation referred—

the Opening or Shutting up that house either in p^t or in Whole to the Presid^t & Fellows with the advice of the s^d Comittee. Accordingly It was advised and agreed that the West half of the House sh^d be Open’d and Improved by Com̄encers as far as was requisite for their Accom̄odation, the s^d Com̄encers to Stand Obliged to render the Chambers & Studys impved by them to the Com̄ittee in as good Order & Condition as they were at their Entry on them. And the South & North West Chambers are reserv’d and to be kept lock’d up.302

On July 18 the House appointed a committee “to go to Cambridge, & View the Additional Brick Building at Harvard-Colledge, Lately Errected there at the Province Charge, and Report how they find the same Effected.”303 On November 4 the committee reported that “they had attended that Service, and find it a well built and Finisht House, and well adapted to the Reception of Students;” and that “they had Received the Keys of said Building, which with the Præsident, they named Massachusets-Hall, and Delivered said Keys to the Præsident, as to the Præsident and Fellows of Harvard Colledge.”304 On July 29, 1720, Judge Sewall waited “on the President, and Chuse a Chamber in the New-Colledge for Cousin Quincey, and Sam. Hirst.”305 On April 4, 1721, the Corporation ordered that “the fence on the South side of Massachusets Hall be made on a Parallel Line with the House at 45 Foot distant from it, A Slope to be made at the Southerly End of it, to avoid the Deep ground and ditch as occasion may be.”306 On September 5, 1722, the Corporation voted that the Treasurer “be desired to enquire what may be y^e Cost of a Bell and Clock proper for the College.”307 On June 2, 1725, the Corporation voted that “a New well be dug and a pump put into it at the South East Corner of the yard to accomodate the Students in Stoughton & Massachusets Colleges.”308 And on the same day it was also voted—

That the Steward be desired to see the Bell hung for the Clock to strike on and give an account of the Charges thereof And that the care of the Clock be committed to him for this year to keep it going and that he have four pounds for his service in keeping it in Order.309

Nowhere in these records is it stated where the bell and clock were placed, but in the Burgis Prospect of the Colledges of 1726 the clock is plainly shown on the western gable of Massachusetts Hall; and that it was actually there is further proved by what Dr. Alexander Hamilton, a Scotsman travelling up from Maryland, wrote when he visited Cambridge on August 15, 1744:

The college is a square building or quadrangle about 150 feet every way. The building [the second Harvard College] upon the left hand as you enter the court is the largest and handsomest and most ancient, being about 100 years old; but the middle or front building [Stoughton College] is indifferent and of no taste. That upon the right hand [Massachusetts Hall] has a little clock upon it, which has a very good bell. In the library are three or four thousand volumes with some curious editions of the classics, presented to the college by Dean Barklay. There are some curiosities, the best of which is the cut of a tree about ten inches thick and eight long, entirely petrified and turned to stone.310

Massachusetts Hall was thus described in 1788: “It is one hundred feet long, and forty wide,311 and contains thirty-two convenient chambers, each accommodated with two closets, for the use of the students.”312 Of the three buildings shown in Burgis’s 1726. Prospect of the Colledges, Massachusetts Hall was the youngest and is the only one now standing: see the frontispiece to this volume. Massachusetts Hall is not only the oldest of the College buildings, but it is, with a single exception, the oldest college building in this country,313 and it was the first college building in this country to be called a Hall.314

President’s Houses

First: Peyntree House (1637–1641)

Of the six buildings thus far described, all but Goffe’s College were erected for the accommodation of the students; and Goffe’s College, originally a private house, was for a few years used for the same purpose. In addition to these buildings, one house was acquired and three houses were built, previous to 1750, for the accommodation of the President, and in one or all of those houses students were or may have been at times lodged. In or about November, 1637, Nathaniel Eaton was betrusted “for the erecting of such Edifices as were meet and necessary for a College, & for his own Lodgings.”315 If by “his own Lodgings” was meant a new house, certainly none was built; but probably the words referred only to necessary repairs in the house that on September 5, 1635, was owned by William Peyntree,316 and in which Eaton doubtless lived until his dismissal on September 9, 1639. This was the house the foundation walls of which were uncovered on January 18, 1910.317 Its site is marked on the plan facing page lxviii, above.

No doubt President Dunster occupied the same house from his coming to the College on August 27, 1640, until his marriage to Elizabeth Glover318 on June 22, 1641, when he removed to the Glover mansion, where he resided until the death of his wife on August 23, 1643.

Second: Dunster’s House (1645–1680)

In 1644 Dunster married again,319 and, apparently, asked to have a house provided for him. At all events, on November 13, 1644, the General Court ordered—

That M^r Dunster, p̄sident of the col[ledge] at Cambridge, shall have 150^ƚ assigned unto him, to be gathered by y^e Treasurer for y^e colledge out of y^e mony due for y^e children sent out of England, to be expended for a house to be built for y^e said p̄sident, in p̄t of y^e 400^ƚ ꝑmised unto him for his use, to belong to y^e colledge.320

There is no evidence that this money was ever received by Dunster, but he appealed to his friends, obtained funds, and the house was built. In a petition to the General Court dated November 4, 1654, Dunster said:

And whereas your humble petitioner with singular industry thorow great difficultyes erected the house wherein for the present he dwelleth, it is his humble desire that he may peacably enjoy the same, until all accounts due to him from ye Corporation be orderly and valuably to him your humble petitioner satisfyed and pay’d.321

And in some “Considerōns ag^st p^rsent Removals p^rsented to y^e hon^rd generall court,” dated November 10, 1654, he further said:

3. The Place from w^ch [I go]

1. There all pvitions are layd in for man & beast for y^is winter. . . .

3. Thence to remove som things now is to destroy y^m utterly. to leave y^m so will undertake for y^m.

4. And to remove others is to hazzard y^m very greatly as books & househould goods. . . .

6. Its y^e place w^ch upon very damageful condōns to myself, out of loue to y^e Coll: I haue builded viz by taking contry pay in lieu of bils payd in England or y^e sayd house had not been built yea a very considerable part of it was given me at my request out of respect to myself albeit for y^e Coll:322

At an Overseers’ meeting on November 27, 1654, “m^r Henry Dunster consented to remove out of the Presidents house by the last of March next.”323 In the inventory of December 10, 1654, the third item reads: “The Presidents dwelling house, barne with 2 leantoes & other appurtenances.”324 No doubt the house was occupied by President Chauncy from the spring of 1655325 to his death on February 19, 1672, and by President Hoar from December 10, 1672, to his resignation on March 15, 1675.

The exact location of Dunster’s house is not known. Mr. Littlefield thought, probably correctly, that it stood on the Betts lot a little north of where Massachusetts Hall now is; but his reasons for supposing that the house was at one time “moved a short distance to the east” of its original site are inconclusive, and he was certainly in error in stating that the President’s House demolished in 1719 was the house built by Dunster,326 for the Dunster house was either taken down or abandoned as a President’s House in 1680.

Third (1680–1719)

It is known with certainty that when Massachusetts Hall was built in 1717–1720, the President’s House was taken down,327 and it has hitherto always been stated that the President’s House then demolished was the house built by Dunster. It can now be shown that a new President’s House was built in 1680.

From the resignation of Dr. Hoar on March 15, 1675, to February 9, 1680, the College was without an actual President, and Urian Oakes, though Acting President, resided from April 7, 1675, to the summer or autumn of 1680 in the First Church parsonage, which, built in 1670,328 stood within the present College Yard considerably east of where Wadsworth House now is. On becoming actual President in 1680, Oakes informed the Overseers “that prouision was necessary to be made for his Lodging nearer the Colledge yⁿ wher he now liues in order to his more constant & conuenient Attendāce of his place.” But though a new house was built, yet the facts in regard to it are obscure.

The three following documents have not before been printed.

Wheras this Court hath Incouradged: the Corporation of Haruard Colledge & the Hono^red & Reuerend overseers therof in chooseing & establishing the reuerend m^r Vrian Oakes as præsedent of the Colledge of which place he hath Accepted; But p^rsented his request to the overseers that prouision was necessary to be made for his Lodgings nearer the Colledge yⁿ wher he now liues in order to his more constant & conuenient Attendace of his place: To this end William Stoughton Esq Humphery Dauy Esq: & Capt. John Richards Esq are herby appointed A comitte to joyne w^th som of o^r Brethen y^e deputies to Inspict y^t matter & forthwith take effectall course y^t necessary & Conuenient Lodgings Bee fitted for y^e p^rsedent, as neare the Colledge as may bee: & to appoint & impower Instrumts to doe all act or acts & things necessary thervnto: for the effectuall doeing thereof according to y^r best discreation; with all conuenient dispach:

The Magistrates have Passed this desyring their bretheren y^e Deputys to Consent theretoe

John Pynchon ꝑ Order

May. 28. 1680.

The Deputys Consent hereto & haue appoynted Cap^t Wayte Leiv^t W^m Johnson & m^r Joseph Lynd to Joyne with the Gentlemen aboue mentioned who are hereby empowred to make vse of such or part of the Colledge State or Stocke as may attayne the ends proposed, provided, they meddle not with any thing y^t is giuen to ꝑticular Vses & in case that shall not fully attayne the ends, the Treasur^r is hereby ordered to make payment of so much as shalbe wantinge for the finishing of y^e worke in good country pay so as the whole charge exceed not 200^li & further the sd Comittee are desired & empowred diligently to enquire into the Colledg Stocke & how much may be had there, towards the carying an end of that worke that they may be the better enabled, to know what bills to draw vpon the Country Treasurer for further supply if need be the deputys haue past this o^r hono^ed magists hereto consentinge,

William Torrey Cleric.

10: 4: 1680

[Endorsed]

A house for the Præsident of harvard Colledge may 1680329

June the 9th 1680

Wheras the reuerend m^r Oakes is chosen p^rsedent of the colledge, But cannot conueniently attend constantly in that office, vntill Lodgings for the p^rsident bee prouided neare330 the Colledge: & wheras a comitte of this Court have lately survaid the old house called the p^rsedents Lodging & doe judge the same to bee so defectiue that it is not worth repayring. It is therfore ordered by this court & the Authority therof that there be new Lodgings Built & finished w^th all conuenient speed; in some conuenient place as neare as may be to the New Colledge: and A B C D E F are appointed a comittee to agree with workemen To build & finish the same: to effect & they are impoured to chardg bills vpon the contry Treasurer, to pay the somes contracted for by them not exceeding one hundred pounds in mony: and that all materialls of y^e old building that may be fitt bee vsed in the new building The rest to be paid out of the Colledge stocke

The magists haue past this [desiring] their brethren the deputyes [to consent]331 hereto

Edw^d Rawson Secret

The deputs Consent not hereto

William Torrey Cleric.

[Endorsed]

mr Oakes 1680332

III

By the Gov^r & Council in Boston

28: 2: 1681

It is Ordered that such out-houses and ffenceing as is necessary yet to bee done about the Presidents Lodgeing bee forthwith erected, and m^r Maiming and Deacon Cooper the Trustees for the Colledge new buildings are desired and impow^red to take care for the doing thereof, So as may bee most accom̄odable & durable; & they are to gather in what remain’s behinde of the Contribution for the Colledge buildings and improve the same for that end, and in case that fall short the Treasuro^r of the Country shall pay the same as they shall order. and they are to take the advice of the Corporation for the placeing of both houses and ffences.

past by the Council die ꝑdict.

and ordered to the Secretary to enter

Is^a Addington Cl^re

ꝑ order333

These documents are puzzling and their meaning is by no means clear. Fortunately, however, there is another source of information, from which it is learned with certainty that the house was built. For in Treasurer Richards’s Book are charges for £20 paid July 1, 1680, “vnto Thomas Willus Carpenter in ꝑt toward building Presidents house ꝑ note to Cap^t John Hull,” for £49 paid July 5, for £24 paid July 20, for £25.2.8 paid August 13, and for £141.17.4 paid September 23—a total of £260, “w^ch 260^ƚ is in full for the house for the p^rsident fencing &c.” Then on November 27, 1680, Richards paid “Deacon Jn^o Cooper money 5^ƚ for digging & making y^e well”—presumably the well for the new President’s House. Finally, on March 24, 1681, Richards paid “Will^m Bordman Cooke money 3¹7^s for dinner for raising p^rsidents house ꝑ order.”334

That this house was occupied by Presidents Oakes and Rogers, there can be no reasonable doubt. After the death of Rogers on July 2, 1684, a curious situation arose. Increase Mather became Acting President on June 11, 1685, but refused to take up his residence in Cambridge, though on several occasions he stayed there for brief periods. Then, too, from April, 1688, to May, 1692, he was in England, and so for many years the President’s House was without the occupant for whom it had been built. Hence it was used for students, for on September 5, 1692, the Corporation voted that “y^e Rents due on the Account of Studies & Chambers in the Presidents house be disposed of to y^e Use of y^e President, or as he shall See Cause.”335

Towards the end of the century, the controversy between the General Court and Mather as to his residence in Cambridge became acute. On July 13, 1700, the General Court appointed a committee “to take Care that a suitable Place at Cambridge be Provided for the Reception and Entertainm^t of the Presid^t of Harvard Colledge, And to see and Consider what is meet to be done with respect to the House already built for a President’s House.”336 In his letter to Stoughton of October 17, 1700, Mather said: “I must needs say, that I thinke a great hardship has been putt upon me, in urgeing me to remove to Cambridge, before there was any house to receive me, or settlem^t of y^e Collidge on a charter foundation, or maintenance of my family.”337 On March 7, 1701, the committee that had been appointed by the General Court in the previous July reported that—

We . . . did Accordingly repair to Cambridge & ꝑcured Sutable Entertainment At m^r Aron Boardmans for the reception of the p^rsident, w^ch was then Acceptable to him, We likewise, viewed y^e hous y^t was built for Entertainment of the p^rsident, and found y^e Scittuation As conuenient as any place thereaboutes, but y^e hous was much out of repair but Judge it may be made Accomadable for y^e End it was designed for.338

On March 15 it was—

Ordered That the dwelling-house in Cambridge built for a Presidents house be forthwith repaired, and fitted up for that use, and that . . . be . . . a Committee to take Effectual Order that the said House be repaired accordingly, and to Lay the acc^tt of the Charge there of before the Governour, and Council for Allowance, and payment to be Ordered Accordingly.339

In his letter to Stoughton of June 30, 1701, Mather said:

I promised the last General Court, to take care of the Colledge until the Commencem^t Accordingly I have bin residing in Cambridge, these three months. I am determined (if the Lord will) to return to Boston the next week, and no more return to reside in Cambridge; for it is not reasonable to desire me to be (as out of Respect to the Publick Interest, I have bin Six months within this twelve month) any longer absent from my ffamily. And it is much more unreasonable to desire one, so circumstanced as I am to remove my ffamily to Cambridge, when the Colledge is in such an Unsettled state.340

If Mather occupied the house in 1701 it could only have been for a short time, since he evidently returned to Boston early in July and he resigned the presidency on September 6th. It was presumably used by Vice President Willard in 1701–1707, whenever he had occasion to stay in Cambridge on his visits to the College. When Leverett became President on January 14, 1708, he was living in his own mansion house,341 which stood a little east of where Wadsworth House now is, and he appears to have resided there throughout his presidency. On November 2, 1708, he addressed the following letter to Speaker Oliver:

You may remember that some years Since the Gen̄^l Assembly repaired the Presidents house at Cambr. near the Colledge for the Use and benefit of the Presid^t then Chosen, and for his Incouragm^t Since those raparac̄ons were made It having bin but Little Inhabited, the house is gon agⁿ much to decay, and unless repaired is in Danger of being soon in dispair; I presume y^e Design of the Governm^t is that the benefit of y^t house sh^d be to the presid^t that now is, and that there sh^d A benefit arise to him from it, thô he doth not Actualy inhabit it.

If a Presid^t were to dwell in the House it w̄^d require a thorô repair, but to prevent it’s total ruine the Charge wil not be so much, yet something must be don.

I have presumed to do something before the Assembly met, because otherwise the Season would have bin Lapsed and the place desolate & scandalous. Something more is needfull Still, I have desired M^r Willis a Worthy Member of your hon^ble House to View the House, what has bin don to make it usefull, and what Still is necessary to be don, who will, if you please open the matter to you & the Hon^ble House. I pray your favour in this affaire, that it may be moved to the House, and that Suitable provision may be made, and direction given that may Save such Charge as I have bin at, the House preserved & that smal benefit that it may afford may Accrue to S^r Yo^r humble Serv^t342

This letter was read in the House on the same day and again on the 5th, when it was—

Ordered That m^r Speaker, & m^r Stephen Willis, be a Com̄ittee, to Take Care for the Repair, of the House built, for the use of the President, of Harvard Colledge at Cambridge, & Bring in the acc^o of the Charge, to this Court.

This was sent up to the Council, where it was concurred on the 6th.343 On June 17, 1709, Andrew Bordman was added to the committee “to Take care for the Repair of the House built at Cambridge, for the use of the President, of Harvard Colledge;”344 on August 26 the House voted that £12 “be allowed, & Paid, . . . to . . . one of the Committee, appointed to Repair the President’s House, at Cambridge, to Purchase, materials necessary for that end,” and the next day the Council concurred;345 and in February, 1710, various charges were paid by the General Court.346

The exact location of the third President’s House is not known, but it stood on the Betts lot, near or on the site of Massachusetts Hall. It was taken down about June, 1719,347 as appears from a letter written December 6, 1720, by Leverett to Speaker Lindall, praying that official “to intimate to the Honorable House,”—

1. That the Demolition in part, and the removal of the remains of the Presid^ts House have deprived me of that part of Subsist^c, which has bin always pvided by y^e Countrey for all the Presid^ts of the College, which even Non-resid^t Presid^ts for ever have had the benefit of.348

2. That what accrued from the Disposal of that House was improved in yon Noble Additional Building.349

3. That above Twenty pounds of my own money disbursed to make the presid^ts House of any Significant Advantage to me, when I c̄^d not dwell in it myself is Sunk and carry’d off in and with it, to So much Sensible Loss to me, besides that of the yearly revenue, Which has now ceased for a Year & half.350

Whether the allusion in the last paragraph is to the expense incurred by Leverett soon after becoming President,351 or to some repairs undertaken at a later time, is uncertain; but on April 1, 1723, the Corporation voted “That £19–2–10 be paid to the Presid^t, he having disbursed so much upon the Presid^ts House to Accom̄odate it for the Stud^ts to dwell in.”352

Fourth: Wadsworth House

President Leverett died on May 3, 1724. On June 11 the Corporation drew up an address to the General Court in which it pointed out that Leverett’s “Mansion House in Cambrige . . . wil be . . . Speedily offered to Sale,” that “the College is now without any Presidents House it being removed & disposed of wn the Massachusets College was built,” that “it has pleased the Government of this Province . . . in times past . . . to provide a House for the President to reside in,” that the purchase of the Leverett homestead “wil not be much more Expence to the Country than the building a New House for the President wil amount to,” and therefore praying for the appointment of a committee “to inspect the said House and Lands . . . and to purchase the same to be the seat and Habitation of the Presidents of Harv^d College in Times to come.”353 This address was read in Council and “sent down recommended” on the 12th, and was read in the House on the 13th, but no further action was taken.354 On August 11 Joseph Sewall was elected President, but declined,355 as did also Benjamin Colman, who was elected on November 18, 1724.356 Finally, on June 8, 1725, the choice fell on Benjamin Wadsworth,357 who accepted and was inaugurated on Commencement Day, July 7. In his letter of acceptance, dated June 17, he said:

I propose (by y^e will of God) to remove to Cambridge to Ingage in the service I’m call’d to, as soon as conveniently may be; when proper care shall be taken by those whom it concerns, to provide an House for y^e President to dwell in, and a suitable support or maintaince for him.358

On the same day a committee of the Overseers informed the House that Mr. Wadsworth had been elected by the Corporation, approbated by the Overseers, released by the First Church in Boston, and had accepted, and “Recommended it to the serious Consideration of the House to Establish such a Sallary and Allowance for the Support and Maintenance of” Mr. Wadsworth, “which might be Equal to the High and Important Office of Presidency of Harvard Colledge.”359 On the next day (June 18) the House appointed a committee “in the Recess of this Court to Inquire into and Examine” various matters relating to the College, granted Mr. Wadsworth £150 “to Enable him to Enter upon and Manage the great Affair of President of Harvard-Colledge,”—

And the said Committee are hereby impowred to look out a suitable House for the Reception of the President, and know what the same may be had for, and make Report of the whole to this Court at their next Session.”360

On June 22 the House was informed by the Council that “the Board have concurred the Vote for a Committee to look out for a convenient House,” but were of opinion that the committee might be “impowred to take speedy Care to hire a House for the Reception of the Reverend President, he having expressed his Inclination to remove to Cambridge with his Family as soon as it may be done with Conveniency.” Thereupon the House passed a vote, which was concurred by the Council on the 23rd, impowering the committee “to hire such a House for the Space of Six Month next coming, or until they make Report to this Court in their Fall Session.”361 On June 28 the mansion house of the late President Leverett was hired, and presumably Mr. Wadsworth moved into it at once.362

In a message to the General Court on November 3, Lieutenant-Governor Dummer recommended “an honourable Provision for the Support of the Worthy President of the College, the great Importance of which Trust You are all very sensible of, as well as the Great Expences which Unavoidably Attend it.”363 On December 16 the report of the committee appointed June 18 was read, and the House passed and sent up for concurrence a resolve appropriating certain sums for the President’s support and for a new house.364 On the 20th the Council concurred with certain amendments, which on the 21st were “Read and Non-Concurr’d, and the House adhere to their own Vote;”365 and on the same day (the 21st) the Council appointed a committee to confer with a committee of the House “on the Subject Matter of that Article in the Vote Respecting” the President’s “Maintenance this Present Year,” but the House non-concurred.366 On the 24th the Council sent a message to the House inquiring as to exactly “what or how much the House intended by a sufficient and honourable Support and Maintenance for the said President,” and asking for further particulars.367 Finally, on December 31, 1725, a resolve passed both Houses appropriating certain sums in money to the President and “the future Annual Rents, and Incomes of Massachusets Hall.” The resolve continued:

And Whereas there is not at present any Convenient House provided for the Reception and Entertainment of the President of the said College for the future, . . . It is also Resolved, That the Sum of One Thousand Pounds be allowed and paid out of the Publick Treasury to the Corporation of Harvard College, and by them to be forthwith used and disposed of, for the Building and Finishing a handsome Wooden Dwelling House, Barn, Out-Housen, &c. on some part of the Lands Adjacent and belonging to the said College, which is for the Reception and Accommodation of the Reverend the President of Harvard College, for the time being.368

On January 1, 1726, the Council expressed the opinion, “it would be best for the Corporation to be at Liberty for the Disposal of the l.1000 either to Build or Buy a House for the President, as their Prudence shall direct and guide them;” but, the question being put in the House, “It pass’d in the Negative.”369 On January 12 the Corporation voted an address of thanks to the Assembly, which was read in Council on the 14th and in the House on the 15th;370 and on the 18th appointed a committee “for y^e building y^e said President’s House.”371 On May 9, wrote President Wadsworth, who until then had occupied the Leverett mansion, “We remov’d to Deacon Cooledge’s, I & my wife lodg’d there y^e following night, thô y^e rest of y^e Family yt night in y^e House we came from;” and on May 20th “All our Family left m^r Leverett’s House, and went to lodge at Brother Bordman’s.”372 Then follows the entry:

The President’s House to dwell in, was raised May 24. 1726. No life was lost, nor person hurt in raising it, thanks be to God for his preserving goodness. In y^e Evening, those who raised y^e House, had a Supper in y^e Hall; after wch we sang y^e first stave or staff in y^e 127. psalm.373

On August 21 the Corporation drew up a memorial to the General Court, in which it stated:

We did speedily and diligently set about y^e work we were thus directed to. A Dwelling House, Barn &c are erected on the College Lands aforesaid, y^e House is allmost Jntirely finished as to outside work, the Walls of y^e whole House are fill’d; y^e westerly End and part of y^e Entry is floor’d, lath’d, and partly plaistered; Some part of y^e House is glaz’d, and y^e remaining Windows, we hope, will soon be finished: nothing is done as to y^e Fencing Yard, Garden &c.

But Materials and Labour for Building being very dear (thô utmost care and Frugality have been used) we find y^e Thousand Pounds will not finish y^e Work prescribed. . . . we therefore Jntreat this Hon^ble Court, yt we may be further directed and enabled to obey your former order, viz. to Build and Finish an Handsome House &c.374

The House “having not seen cause to answer y^e prayer” made above,375 the Corporation on September 6 asked the Lieutenant Governor to call a meeting of the Overseers “for their Advice & Counsel what further steps be proper to be taken;”376 on the 29th the Overseers “recommended to y^e Corporation . . . to get y^e President’s House finished with all convenient speed and frugality;”377 and on October 11 the Corporation voted “That y^e Committee of y^e Corporation do accordingly proceed to finish y^e said President’s House.”378 Soon thereafter President Wadsworth made this entry:

27 Oct. 1726. This night some of our Family lodged at y^e New-House built for y^e President; Nov. 4 at night, was y^e first time yt my wife & I lodg’d there. The House was not half finish’d within.379

On April 5, 1727, the Corporation voted that “y^e Passage in y^e Front-Yard of y^e President’s House, between y^e Door & y^e Gate be paved.”380 On September 17, 1728, the Corporation voted that “y^e Committee for taking y^e care of building y^e President’s House, be desired to get it railed in on y^e top for security from fire.”381 On December 1, 1732, the Corporation appointed a committee “to Jnspect & examine y^e Committees account of y^e charges in building y^e President’s House, & to make report to y^e Corporation.”382 President Wadsworth having died on March 16, 1737, on the 18th the Corporation voted that “M^rs Wadsworth be desired Still to continue her dwelling in the Presidents house and Jf she pleases til the College has other Occasion for it;”383 and on the same day also voted that “M^r Flynt be desired to receive into his care & Custody the College books and papers that are at the Presidents House.”384 On October 26, 1737, the Corporation appointed a committee “to consider of the Repairs to be made at the Presid^ts House as to the Well, Pump, Kitchen Chimney & w^t else they shall judge needful, and that they be empower’d to do what is proper in those Affairs.”385 On April 6, 1747, the Corporation appointed a committee “to enquire & make report, to the Corporation at their next Meeting, what will be the Cost of building a convenient Wood-House, at the Pres^dts House;”386 and on September 7, 1747, the Corporation voted that “a Wood-house be built, at the Presidents House according to the Report of the Com̄ittee.”387

Wadsworth House was occupied from 1726 to 1849 by Presidents Wadsworth, Holyoke, Locke, Langdon, Willard, Webber, Kirkland, Quincy, and Everett; and Washington lived in it for a few days soon after his arrival at Cambridge in July, 1775. Mr. Everett continued to reside in it for some time after he ceased to be President, in 1849; and since the time of his leaving it, it has been used as a students’ boarding-house, as a dormitory, and for college offices, etc. The name “Wadsworth House” perhaps did not become attached to it until after it was abandoned as the presidential mansion.388

Holden Chapel

The account of the College printed in London in 1643 stated that the first Harvard College had “a spacious Hall, where they daily meet” at commons, lectures, exercises, etc.,389 and there are many allusions to this “Hall” or “College Hall,” as it was variously called, in the extracts already given.390 A similar College Hall was a chief feature of the second Harvard College and of the third Harvard College (the present Harvard Hall). Cotton Mather’s reference to President Rogers’s custom of being “somewhat Long in his Daily Prayers (which our Presidents used to make) with the Scholars in the College-Hall,” has already been quoted;391 and in another passage Mather wrote:

While the Præsident inspected the Manners of the Students thus Entertained in the Colledge, and unto his Morning and Evening Prayers in the Hall, joined an Exposition upon the Chapters; which they Read out of Hebrew into Greek, from the Old Testament in the Morning, and out of English into Greek, from the New Testament in the Evening; besides what Sermons he saw cause to Preach in Publick Assemblies on the Lord’s-Day at Cambridge, where the Students have a particular Gallery allotted unto them.392

There was from the early days a close relation between the College and the First Church in Cambridge. That this relation was established at the very beginning there is no reason to doubt, though, from the meagreness of the early records, the fact cannot be proved from the records themselves. Previous to 1750 the First Church had three meeting-houses. The first (1636–1650) stood in what is now Dunster Street, a little south of the present Mt. Auburn Street. It had been built by the Hooker company in 1632, and was taken over by the First Church in 1636. There is in the records here printed no specific allusion to that meeting-house, but presumably it is referred to in the fifth of the College Laws of 1642–1646, which provided that “In the publike Church assembly” the students “shall carefully shunne all gestures that shew any contēpt or neglect of Gods ordinances . . . & all Sophisters & Bachellors . . . shall publiquely repeate Sermons in y^e Hall whenever they are called forth.”393

The second meeting-house (1650–1706) was on Watch House Hill. In the inventory of “the whole Estate” of Harvard College, taken December 10, 1654, is the item: “The East Gallery in Cambr. meeting house for the use of the Students vallued at 30^ƚƚ.”394 On December 24, 1691, the Corporation ordered—

That 5^ƚi be allowed towards y^e repairing of y^e meeting house in Cambr. Provided y^t this present allow^c shall not be drawn into A Presid^t for y^e future, & y^t the Selectmen shall renounce all Expectations of such a thing for y^e future.395

The third meeting-house (1706–1756) stood on or very near the same site as the second.396 On September 28, 1703, the Corporation voted that “the Sum̄ of Sixty pounds be Allowed out of the Colledg Treasury tow^ds the building a New Meeting house in Cambridg.”397 On August 6, 1706, the Corporation—

Voted that M^r Leverett w^th the Treasurer take care for the building of a Pew for the Presidents Family in the meeting House now a building, & about the Students Seats in Said meeting House. the Charge of the Pew to be Defrayed out of the Collige Treasury.398

The Commencement exercises in 1707 were held in this building, and on July 2 Judge Sewall, referring to his son Joseph, who took his first degree on that day, wrote: “My Son was the first that had a Degree given him in the New Meetinghouse.”399

On September 6, 1717, the Corporation—

Voted, That the College wilbe ready to allow out of the Treasury one Seventh p^t of the Charge of raising the Meeting house, and erecting an upper Tier of Gallerys; Provided, The Frontier Gallery that Now is, w^th the two Wings, shal, as of right it ought to be, and as their necessity calls for it, be Surrendred to the Use of the Scholars, and So much room in the Side Gallery contiguous to the Front-Gallery afores̄^d, as Shalbe equal to a Seventh p^t of the New Galerys w^ch shalbe Erected, be declared and Entred in the Town Book of Records as the right and ꝑportionable p^t of the Meeting-house belonging to the College and deliver’d to the Use of the s̄^d College, as there shalbe Occasion therefor: The s̄^d p^t of the s̄^d Side-Gallery to be taken & Set off square from front to Rear.400

On April 23, 1746, the Corporation, being informed that the parish “are about to repair s^d Meeting-House” in a certain manner, voted—

That, if the Parish shall actually make the Repairs above mention’d; This Corporation will consent to pay for the Windows in Their Gallery & clapboard the upper part of the Front of the Meeting-house from the Girt to the Plate, & also pay for the Window in the Pres^dts Pew, & clapboard behind s^d Pew on the Backside of the Meeting-house (if s^d part of the Meeting-house be new clapboarded) from the Sill to the Girt.

Or if the Parish shall rather Choose, Jnstead of our making the Repairs of the above mentioned Parts, That We would give some certain Proportion of the s^d Repairs of the s^d House; We consent, That We will answer the seventh part of the whole repairs of the House, only requiring, That the Parish do inform the Corporation, before they enter upon the Repairs of s^d House, w^ch of these Proposals, They Choose to take up with.401

On October 11 the President was informed that the parish “Choose that the College shou’d answer a Seventh part of the whole repairs of the house rather than Make the particular Repairs mention’d in this Vote.”402 On August 26, 1747, the Corporation voted—

That James Clarke the Sexton of the Meeting-House in Cambridge, be allow’d by the College three pounds old Ten^r ꝑ Annum, provided he shall take Care, That the Windows of the Scholars Gallery be shutt after Meetings and at other Times as there may be Occasion, And to Sweep the Scholars s^d Gallery once ꝑ Month.403

It is thus seen that from the first the College made provision for daily prayers404 in the main College building and for public worship in the meeting-house on Sundays, and that it bore its share in the expenses incident to the latter.405 Those arrangements continued for a century, and it does not appear that there was any dissatisfaction with them or that the authorities desired the College to have a chapel of its own. Samuel Holden of Roehampton, Surrey, a wealthy London merchant, Member of Parliament, and Director of the Bank of England,406 who had long been a familiar friend of the Rev. Dr. Benjamin Colman and had through the latter distributed in New England large sums in charity, died June 11, 1740, leaving a large property to his widow Jane and his daughters Priscilla, Jane, and Mary. In the following year Thomas Hutchinson was in London, met Mrs. Holden, and obtained from her and her daughters £400, which he apparently brought with him to Boston in December, 1741.407 On the 14th of that month, the Corporation took the following action:

Vote 1. That Wee thankfully Accept the Generous Offer of M^rs Holden (Widow of M^r Holden Merchant late of London & Govern^r of the Bank of England) & her Dau’ters. viz. of Four hundred pounds Ster^l to Harvard College to Build a Chappel for the Use of s^d College & That the Pres^dt be desir’d to write to Her accordingly.

Vote 2. That the Thanks of the Corporation be given to Mr. Thomas Hutchinson M.A. & Merch^t in Boston, for his good Offices in proposing to M^rs Holden the Appropriation of her Bounty (as mention’d in the preceeding Vote) to Harv. College.408

It is not a little singular that President Holyoke, whose Diary in interleaved almanacs from 1709 to 1768 has been preserved, does not once mention Holden Chapel while it was being built, and only twice thereafter.409 Fortunately, however, his son Edward Augustus Holyoke, of the Class of 1746, noted progress on the work. June 2, 1742: “Foundation of the Chapel Laid Some part of y^e begin’g of this month.” December 18–20: “Sometime this part of the month, the brick-work of the Chapel was finish^d.” February 19, 1743: “The Slates for the chapel were begun to be cut in order to be put on it.” March 4: “Last night Late they begun to slate Chapel.” March 7: “The workmen at y^e Chapel didn’t come up till y^e next day.” March 12: “Y^e workmen went down from y^e chapple & return^d on the Moonday following.” March 28: “Workm[en] were not up all day.” May 31: “Finish^d Plaisering Chappel.” Finally, on February 26, 1744, Dr. Holyoke noted that “Workmen came to finish the Chappel.”410

On September 3, 1744, the Corporation voted that “Stone Steps att the great Door of y^e Chapell be procurd & also the two Pews design’d for the Overseers be made, at the College Charge.”411 On May 21, 1750, order was given in regard to the “Glazing Work.”412

In 1749 Dr. William Douglass, a Scotsman who had lived in Boston for more than thirty years, wrote:

The College-Building consists of a Court built on three Sides, the Front being open to the Fields; the Building on the first Side was by a Contribution, 1672, . . . it was called by the former Name Harvard College; the Building on the Bottom Side was erected Anno 1699, at the Charge of Lieut.-Governor Stoughton, and is called Stoughton-College, consisting of 16 Chambers, Garrett Chambers included; the third Side was built Anno 1720 at the Charge of the Province, and is called Massachusetts-Hall, consisting of 32 Chambers. Besides this Court there is a House [Wadsworth House] for the President at some Distance from the Court, and at a small Distance behind the Harvard Side of the Court is a neat Chapel the Gift of Mrs. Holden of London, Widow of Mr. Holden a late Director of the Bank of England.413

This section dealing with the College buildings acquired, purchased, or erected by or for the College before 1750 may appropriately close with two lists—the first chronological, the second showing what buildings were in existence in any particular year.414 Some of the dates are necessarily conjectural.415

First President’s House: Peyntree House	1637–1641
First Harvard College416	1642–1679
Second President’s House: Dunster’s House417	1645–1680
Goffe’s College	1651–1660
Indian College418	1655–1698
Second Harvard College419	1677–1764
Third President’s House	1680–1719
Stoughton College	1699–1781
Massachusetts Hall420	1720
Fourth President’s House: Wadsworth House421	1726
Holden Chapel422	1744

1637–1641		First President’s House: Peyntree House
1642–1644		First Harvard College
1645–1650		First Harvard College
		Second President’s House: Dunster’s House
1651–1654		First Harvard College
		Second President’s House: Dunster’s House
		Goffe’s College
1655–1660		First Harvard College
		Second President’s House: Dunster’s House
		Goffe’s College
		Indian College
1661–1676		First Harvard College
		Second President’s House: Dunster’s House
		Indian College
1677–1679		First Harvard College
		Second President’s House: Dunster’s House
		Indian College
		Second Harvard College
1680–1698		Indian College
		Second Harvard College
		Third President’s House
1699–1719		Second Harvard College
		Third President’s House
		Stoughton College
1720–1725		Second Harvard College
		Stoughton College
		Massachusetts Hall
1726–1743		Second Harvard College
		Stoughton College
		Massachusetts Hall
		Fourth President’s House: Wadsworth House
1744–1750		Second Harvard College
		Stoughton College
		Massachusetts Hall
		Fourth President’s House: Wadsworth House
		Holden Chapel

The Words “College” and “Hall”423

It is important to know exactly what the Harvard usage in regard to the words College and Hall has been. In the previous section eleven buildings were described, in six of which students were lodged. In the last half of the eighteenth century only two buildings were erected—Hollis Hall and the third Harvard College (the present Harvard Hall). Of those eight buildings, five (Goffe’s College,424 Indian College, Stoughton College, Massachusetts Hall, and Hollis Hall) were merely dormitories; one (the present Harvard Hall) has never been used for a dormitory; and only two—the first Harvard College and the second Harvard College—were residential halls. The second of these was built to replace the first, and no doubt when commons were transferred in or about 1677 from the first Harvard College to the second Harvard College, the first Harvard College, even if it was not at once taken down, ceased to be a residential hall. In short, for a period of about a century and a quarter there was but one residential hall; and with the destruction of the second Harvard College in 1764, the residential hall disappeared at Harvard, only to be revived exactly a century and a half later when the Freshman dormitories were opened in 1914. But though students lodge and board in the Freshman dormitories, yet these buildings do not serve precisely the same purpose as did the first Harvard College and the second Harvard College.

It is abundantly clear from the extracts quoted in the previous section that the word College was from 1636 to 1720 applied to every building in succession except the President’s House. With the appearance of Massachusetts in 1720, there also appeared a new word—Hall. Why a new term should have been introduced, it is impossible to say; probably it was one of those changes in nomenclature which so frequently occur and yet for which no adequate reason can be assigned.425 From 1720 to 1781 the words College and Hall were used indifferently; but with the demolition of Stoughton College in 1781 the word College in the sense of a single building disappeared from Cambridge426 as an official designation, though it has remained in popular and colloquial use to the present day in the phrase “the colleges.”427

The statement that “there is evidence that each of the seventeenth century buildings contained the chambers necessary for such physical wants of the students as they were allowed to gratify in those days—chambers, studies, a dining hall, etc.,”428 is in direct conflict with the descriptions of those buildings given in the previous section; and the belief that “the final substitution of the word hall for such buildings as Hollis and Stoughton coincides roughly with the elimination of the kitchen and buttery,”429 is totally at variance with the facts adduced above, which show that the presence or absence of a kitchen and buttery had nothing to do with the name by which a building was designated—whether College or Hall. In short, there is no foundation for the notion that the use of the word College at Harvard ever had any reference to the English system of separate colleges.430

The buildings of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were often referred to not by a specific name but as “Old College” or “New College,” and hence the same designation was applied to three or four different buildings in turn. Thus as early as 1654, Goffe’s College having been bought in or about 1651, the first Harvard College was already known as “the Old College.” Again, the second Harvard College, Stoughton College, Massachusetts Hall, Hollis Hall, and the third Harvard College (the present Harvard Hall), were each frequently called “the New College” or “the Old College,” as the case might be. And to make confusion worse confounded the same name, “Harvard College,” besides designating the institution as a whole, was applied to no less than three distinct buildings.431 This confusion in nomenclature makes it sometimes difficult to know with certainty exactly what building is intended.432

The Word “Fellow”

In these records there is no allusion during the years 1637–1639 to any instructor other than Nathaniel Eaton, but that he had two assistants is learned from Governor Winthrop, who applied the word “usher” to them.433 After the coming of Henry Dunster in August, 1640, he apparently taught without assistance for over three years; but on December 27, 1643, the Overseers ordered that “2 Batchelours shall be chosen for the p^rsent helpe of the p^rsident, to read to the Junior pupills as the p^rsident shall see fitt,” and John Bulkley and George Downing, both of the Class of 1642, were “appoynted for that service to continue for this yeare.”434 Some years later—exactly how many is not known, but presumably not before 1650 and possibly much later435—Thomas Danforth paraphrased the entry of December 27, 1643, saying that “Also it was then ordered that two Batchelo^rs should be appoynted to help the President to read to the Jun^r Pupills.”436 And in an account in Danforth’s hand (undated but apparently covering the years 1643–1650) of “The distribution made of the moneys given from the several colonyes,” the sum of £56.13.8 is entered against “m^r Samuel Danforth, Read^r & fellow 6 yeares.”437 There is no evidence, other than these extracts, that the words “usher,” “help,” and “reader” were ever in actual use. But, however that may have been, it is certain that the word Tutor was soon introduced, for it is found in the College Laws of 1642–1646;438 in 1643;439 on March 28, 1650;440 and on May 6, 1650.441 But in addition to the word Tutor, the word Fellow occurs on January 13, 1647;442 in July, 1647;443 on November 11, 1647;444 on May 10, 1649;445 on March 28, 1650;446 and on May 6, 1650.447

It appears, then, that the words Tutor and Fellow were employed, apparently without distinction, for several years before the granting on May 31, 1650, of the first College Charter. In this the word Fellow was used in a new, specific, and hitherto (either in England or at Harvard) unknown sense—namely, as designating one of the five persons who, in addition to the President and the Treasurer, made up the Corporation. Had the word Fellow henceforth been used only in its technical sense of one of the five members of the Corporation so called, much confusion would have been avoided, but unfortunately such was far from being the case. From 1650 to 1692 all the Tutors were Fellows of the Corporation, though not all Fellows of the Corporation were Tutors; and it was customary to call a Tutor either Tutor or Fellow. More than once during that period the number of Fellows fell below the five specified in the charter, and on such occasions the Corporation was requested by the Overseers to fill up the vacancy or vacancies, which was done by the election either of a young graduate who was to be a Tutor or of an older man who did not teach, who did not receive a salary, and who did not reside at the College. After 1692 no Tutor was necessarily a Fellow of the Corporation, except in the years 1700–1708, when, under the Charter of 1700, “the two senior Tutors resident at the said College for the time being” were Fellows of the Corporation; but as a matter of fact, except during the years 1697–1700, when Tutors were wholly excluded from the Corporation, from 1692 to 1780 always one Tutor and sometimes two Tutors were also Fellows of the Corporation. Hence arose the necessity of distinguishing between a Fellow of the Corporation who was also a Tutor and a Fellow of the Corporation who was not a Tutor—for, strangely enough, one of either class was still called a Fellow.

The distinguishing designations were many, among them the following:

Fellow
Fellow of Harvard College
Fellow of Harvard College residing in Cambridge
Fellow of the College
Fellow of the College residing in Cambridge
Fellow of the Corporation
Fellow of the Corporation residing in Cambridge
Fellow of the House
Fellow resident at (or in) the College
Fellow residing in Cambridge
Fellow to officiate on the place
Fellow upon the place
Non-resident Fellow
Non-resident Fellow of the College
Non-resident Fellow of this House
Resident Fellow
Resident Fellow in the House448

This multiplicity of designations would be confusing, even if each designation had always been used in the same sense; but unfortunately there was no uniformity in that respect, and a term which in one place meant one thing, in another place meant something quite different. Thus, to take two instances only, the term “Fellow of the College” appears to have meant in most cases a Tutor, yet occasionally was applied to a Fellow of the Corporation.449 Again, the term “Fellow of the House,” when first used in these records on January 14, 1708, meant Fellow of the Corporation,450 and the term was again used in the same sense on January 26, 1708;451 but on April 28, 1712, it was applied to a Tutor only,452 and thereafter the term usually, if not always, meant a Tutor who was not also a Fellow of the Corporation. On May 30, 1720, the three Tutors Henry Flynt, Nicholas Sever, and Thomas Robie—of whom Flynt was also a Fellow of the Corporation, but the other two were Tutors only—presented a memorial in which they claimed seats in the Corporation on the ground that they were Fellows in the technical sense in which that word was used in the Charter of 1650. A short time before that, on May 24, a fourth Tutor had been chosen by the Corporation in the person of William Welsteed, but his appointment was not confirmed by the Overseers until June 23,453 and so Welsteed’s name was not attached to that first memorial. But in the years 1721–1723 Sever and Welsteed presented other petitions to the same effect, though, for what reason is not known, they were not joined by Flynt and Robie. On August 23, 1723, the Corporation presented its final memorial454 to Lieutenant-Governor Dummer and the Council, the petition of the Tutors was dismissed by the Council, and the controversy came to an end.455 Notwithstanding that fact, however, one or two Tutors were always Fellows of the Corporation down to 1780, after which no Tutor was elected to the Corporation.456

In the index to these volumes, against the name of every person chosen a College officer is given the name of the office and date of election; and in the case of Fellows and Tutors an attempt has been made to distinguish between the two terms and to employ the word Fellow, only when the person was chosen a Fellow of the Corporation; and the word Tutor, only when he was chosen a Tutor.

Identifications

The most difficult editorial problem presented by these records is that of identification. It was soon found that, before the index could even be begun, it was essential to obtain, if possible, accurate answers to four questions: (1) On what day did Commencement fall in each year? (2) Precisely who were temporary students? (3) What was the full name of each student? (4) How were the students placed? Unfortunately a definitive answer cannot be given to a single one of these questions, though approximate answers can be hazarded.

(1) The exact date of Commencement Day in each year is required, because as that day fell was to be determined the identity of certain students. Thus on May 6, 1728, it was voted “that Rogers . . . shall have four pounds ten shillings” from a certain fund.457 During that year there were or may have been at College no fewer than five Rogerses, namely: Daniel (1707–1785), Daniel (1706–1782), and Samuel, all in the Class of 1725; John, in the Class of 1728; and John (1712–1789), in the Class of 1732. Commencement came on June 28. As the vote was passed before June 28, it follows that the Rogers in question was John Rogers of the Class of 1728. Had the vote been passed after June 28, then the student receiving the money would have been John Rogers of the Class of 1732. If the vote had been passed after June 28 and it had been the intention of the Corporation to bestow the exhibition on John Rogers of the Class of 1728, then the money would have been voted to “Sir Rogers.” If the money had been voted to “Sir Rogers” before June 28, or to “Mr. Rogers” after June 28, then the recipient would have been one of the three Rogerses who were members of the Class of 1725.458

(2) There occur in these records the names of several students not found in the Quinquennial Catalogue. Who were such students? The remissness of the College authorities for nearly two centuries in regard to matriculations is at once extraordinary and inexplicable. It was not until 1725 that the names of members of the entering class were recorded, beginning with the Class that graduated in 1729;459 with the Class graduating in 1732, the residence and year of age at entrance were first given; and with the Class graduating in 1741, the residence and full date of birth were first given. But often the names were not recorded until the Freshman Class had been in College for many months, occasionally for almost a year,460 and if meanwhile a Freshman died or left College, his name was not included in the list. Again, if a student entered a certain class after the names of the members of that class had been recorded, his name was not inserted.461 And it was not until 1823 that a student was compelled to sign a book at entrance. Hence, singular as it may seem, a complete list of Harvard students previous to 1823 cannot be compiled. From various sources—most of them, of course, from the Faculty Records or the Corporation Records or the Overseer’s Records, but not a few (some of which do not appear in the College records themselves) from letters, diaries, journals, epitaphs, genealogies, probate files, and newspapers—the names of about four hundred temporary students from 1639 to 1800 have been obtained.462

The term “temporary student” is not a precise one. Such students may be divided into the following five groups:

(a) Students who died while undergraduates.
(b) Students who left College, either voluntarily or involuntarily, who never returned, and who never received degrees either out of course or honorary.
(c) Students who left College, for whatever reason, who never returned, who never received degrees out of course, but who did later receive honorary degrees.463
(d) Students who left College, for whatever reason, but later returned either to the same class or to a subsequent class, and who duly graduated.464
(e) Students who left College, for whatever reason, and later received degrees out of course.465

Students who come under groups (a), (b), and (c) are held to be temporary students; but those who come under (d) and (e) are not regarded as temporary students. The reason for this distinction is as follows. No one can receive a degree out of course who has not at some time been an undergraduate. Consequently, the inclusion of a man’s name in the Quinquennial Catalogue under the heading “Bachelors of Arts” shows that the man must at one time have been a student, even though—as in one case—the degree was conferred out of course no less than sixty-eight years later,466 or—as in another case—the degree was conferred eighty years after the man left College and twenty-one years after his death.467 On the other hand, the inclusion of a man’s name in the Quinquennial Catalogue under the heading “Honorary Degrees” conveys no information as to whether the man had or had not been a temporary student at Harvard College.468

In the index to these volumes, the name of every graduate is followed by the date of his class in Roman type within parentheses, but in the case of temporary students—those who come under groups (a), (b), and (c)—the date is printed in italic type. The class to which a temporary student is assigned is sometimes conjectural, and in such cases a question mark is added.

(3) One of the College Laws of 1642–1646 reads as follows:

15. Every Scholar shall bee called by his Sirname onely till hee bee invested with his first degree; except hee bee fellow-commoner or a Knights Eldest Sonne or of superiour Nobility.469

The privileged class of fellow-commoners survived for very nearly if not quite a century,470 but, with a single exception, the eldest sons of knights471 and those “of superior Nobility” never darkened Harvard’s doors. On taking his first degree, or A.B., a scholar was, following the practice at English universities, called “Dominus”472 or “Sir,” the latter designation remaining in use down to the first decade of the nineteenth century.473 On taking his second degree, or A.M., the quondam student was called “Mr.” The above law—which, unfortunately, was seldom violated—has made extraordinarily difficult the identification of students when, as was often the case, there were at College at the same time two or more of the same surname. If there were only two such students, one had “Senior” (“Sr.,” “S^r”) appended to his name, the other “Junior” (“Jr.,” “J^r”). But if there were more than two of the same surname, then they were differentiated by the addition to their names of “1^st,” “2^nd,” “3^rd,” etc., or sometimes “Primus,” “Secundus,” “Tertius,” etc., often abbreviated.

With regard to the abbreviation “S^r,” a word of explanation is necessary. When “S^r” followed a name, it was an abbreviation of “Senior;” but when it preceded a name, it was an abbreviation of “Sir”—that is, the title, as stated above, applied to a graduate who had taken his first degree of A.B. but had not yet taken his second degree of A.M., which was usually obtained three years after the first degree.

(4) The system of “placing” students—that is, arranging their names not alphabetically but in accordance with the supposed social position of their fathers—was unknown at the English universities, and so originated at Harvard. Who introduced it, whether Nathaniel Eaton or Henry Dunster, has never been ascertained, nor are the reasons for its introduction known; but it was certainly established as early as 1642. It afforded the authorities an ingenious form of punishment, for, next to expulsion, “degradation” was the highest punishment. This was degrading a student to some place below the one to which he had been originally assigned. As the students appeared on all private and public occasions—at lectures, recitations, prayers, Commencement exercises, and in the meeting-house—and received their degrees, in the order in which they had been placed, “degradation” was not only a punishment to the student himself but was a blow at family pride. It may be added, that after either expulsion or degradation a student might be restored to the College or to his original place if he made a confession acceptable to the authorities, in which case the culprit stood in his place while the President read the confession to the assembled students in the College Hall.474 Placing had nothing to do with scholarship, and “the head” or “the first scholar” of a class might have been its greatest dullard.

As already stated, when there were at College two students of the same surname, “Senior” and “Junior” were attached to their names. But “Sr.” and “Jr.” in themselves are not enough to identify the students, for the particular significance of those abbreviations has still to be determined. Given two students named Smith, did the designations “Sr.” and “Jr.” refer to age, or to the place in the class assigned to each? It was possible for three cases to arise.

First, if the two Smiths were in different classes, Smith Sr. was the upper classman and Smith Jr. was the lower classman, regardless of the age of the two Smiths.

Secondly, if the two Smiths were in the same class and were brothers, then the older was placed higher and the younger was placed lower; and hence necessarily Smith Sr. was the one placed higher or the older, and Smith Jr. was the one placed lower or the younger.

Thirdly, what was the significance of Sr. and Jr. in those cases where the two Smiths were in the same class but were not brothers, and where the younger of the two was placed higher? There are two possible answers: on the one hand, Sr. might mean the student placed the higher of the two, regardless of their respective ages; on the other hand, Sr. might mean the older, regardless of their respective places in the class. It has been ascertained that in such cases Smith Sr. was the student placed higher, regardless of age.475

Attention should be called to one curious and remarkable instance of the disconcerting ramifications of the system of placing. Samuel Gardner of Salem, aged 16, and Joseph Gardner of Boston, aged 14, were admitted in 1728 to the Class of 1732, the former being placed 11th and the latter 14th in the class. As Samuel Gardner was not only placed higher than Joseph Gardner but was older than Joseph Gardner, it follows that on any principle “Gardner Sr.” must have been Samuel Gardner, and “Gardner Jr.” must have been Joseph Gardner. Yet on April 21, 1731, the Corporation voted that “as to any allowance to Gardner Jun^r of Salem, it be left to further consideration.”476 Why was Samuel Gardner called “Gardner Jun^r?” The explanation is to be found in the fact that on November 27, 1728, Samuel Gardner was degraded five places. On June 5, 1731, Samuel Gardner was restored “to y^e place in his Class from whence he had been degraded.”477 The extraordinary thing is this. When Samuel Gardner was degraded five places, he was brought three places below Joseph Gardner. Consequently, before November 27, 1728, and after June 5, 1731, “Gardner Sr.” was Samuel Gardner and “Gardner Jr.” was Joseph Gardner; but between November 27, 1728, and June 5, 1731, “Gardner Sr.” was Joseph Gardner and “Gardner Jr.” was Samuel Gardner.

There are times when it would seem as if the College authorities themselves did not know exactly to whom they were referring. Great care has been taken to make a correct guess in the index as to the identity of a student who is mentioned in an equivocal way, but it cannot be hoped that mistakes have not been committed.

Attention should be called to two matters that might prove puzzling to searchers for ancestors. First, a surname sometimes occurs in a form not easily recognized. The case of “Hobart” and “Hubbard” has already been referred to.478 Other cases are “Maudsley” and “Moseley,”479 “Forbush” and “Forbes.”480

Secondly, names were sometimes legally changed later in life. The name of Spencer Phips (1703) was originally Spencer Bennet;481 that of Dudley Atkins Tyng (1781) was originally Dudley Atkins; that of Thomas Russell Graves (1784) was originally Thomas Graves Russell; that of Dudley Story Bradstreet (1792) was originally Bradstreet Story; that of John Dixwell (1796) was originally Samuel Hunt.482 The case of Judge Edmund Trowbridge (1728) is a curious one. He was the son of Thomas and Mary (Goffe) Trowbridge, and, his father dying about 1725, he was placed under the guardianship of his uncle, Colonel Edmund Goffe (1690). From 1725 to the death of Colonel Goffe in 1740, Judge Trowbridge was frequently called Edmund Goffe, thus causing great confusion between him and his uncle, Colonel Goffe. There is no allusion to Judge Trowbridge as an undergraduate in these records, but while in College he was doubtless known as Edmund Goffe,483 and his name appears as “Edmundus Goffe” in the Triennial Catalogues of 1730, 1733, and 1736, but in that of 1745 it is given as “Edmundus Trowbridge.”484

Finally, it should be stated that though the 1920 Quinquennial Catalogue has in general been followed in the index to these volumes in the spelling of surnames, in some cases that has been departed from. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries there was, of course, no uniformity in the matter of spelling, and it seems proper that the names of father and son, brothers, etc., where known, should appear under the same form.485

Attendance at Corporation Meetings, 1674–1707

It is unfortunate that the very early records of the College are so meagre, and especially that for many years the names of those present at meetings were not entered, and for still further years were entered only sporadically. The first recorded meeting of the Overseers was that of December 27, 1643, but not until the meeting of December 5, 1667, were the names of those present entered. The first recorded meeting of the Corporation was that of December 10, 1654, but not until the meeting of December 11, 1674, were the names of those present entered. So far as the Overseers are concerned, the matter of who were present is of little importance. But it is otherwise with the Corporation, and if it were known who were present at each meeting certain questions would not now puzzle the student of the history of the College. For instance, though there is no doubt who the Presidents (or Acting Presidents) and the Treasurers were from 1650 to 1690, there is great uncertainty as to who some of the Fellows were. The full number of Fellows was five, but sometimes—exactly how often is the point in dispute—the number fell to the two or three who were also Tutors—that is, resident Fellows. From 1690 on it is known with certainty exactly who all the Fellows were. But the question who were present at meetings is still of importance, and hence the following lists have been compiled for the years 1674–1707.

Four meetings during that period—those of December 5, 1667 (p. 218, below), March 11, 1675 (p. 232, below), April 7, 1675 (p. 232, below), and August 9, 1681 (pp. 68, 242, below)—were joint meetings of the Overseers and of the Corporation, and the names of those present at the first three were duly entered. President Chauncy, Treasurer Danforth, and the three resident Fellows (or Tutors) Thomas Graves, Solomon Stoddard, and Alexander Nowell were present on December 5, 1667; Treasurer Richards and the two resident Fellows (or Tutors) Daniel Gookin and Peter Thacher were present on March 11 and April 7, 1675. Such names, however, are not included in the lists given below for the reason that they are not accurate guides as to the actual membership of the Corporation, and we are left in doubt as to whether other members of the Corporation may not also have been present. For previous to 1780, a man might have been both an Overseer and a Fellow of the Corporation; and, as a matter of fact, many men did hold both positions. Consequently at each of those meetings, certain Overseers may also have been non-resident Fellows of the Corporation. It should be pointed out that though the name of Thomas Shepard is among those present at the meeting of March 1 (or 6: see p. clxxii note 2, below), 1678 (p. 236, below), the entry must be an error, since he had died December 22, 1677. Attention should also be called to the fact that on several occasions (pp. 64, 65, 66, 67, 235, 236, 238, 239, below) it is stated that all the members of the Corporation were present, and yet either no names were entered or else fewer than seven names were entered—thus leaving doubt as to the exact make-up of the Corporation. At the meeting of March 17, 1684 (pp. 75, 254), eight were entered as present. Of course, there were only seven members of the Corporation, but the eighth person was John Richards, who no doubt was asked to be present because he had been Treasurer from 1669 to 1682. (Cf. p. clvi note 4, below.) Finally, the meeting in the first list below, dated October 7, 1695, is in the original dated “Octob: 7. 92” (p. 352, below); but presumably “92” was a clerical error for “95.”

In addition to the meetings here listed, many others were held between 1674 and 1707 at which the names of those present were not entered: see pp. clxix–clxxv, below. The lists are divided into five sections:

I. From December 11, 1674, to July 21, 1684. Twenty-one meetings.
II. From June 2, 1690, to December 24, 1691, during the brief revival of the Corporation between the overthrow of Andros on April 18, 1689, and the Charter of 1692. Six meetings.
III. From July 26, 1692, to November 9, 1696, under the Charter of 1692. Twenty-five meetings.
IV. From July 13, 1697, to May 6, 1700, under the Charter of 1697. Thirteen meetings.
V. From August 5, 1700, to October 28, 1707, under the Charter of 1700. Nineteen meetings.

I 1674–1684

	1674 Dec. 11	1675 April 19	1675 April 26	1675 June 1	1675 Dec. 27	1676 Aug. 22	1677 May 14	1678 March 1	1679 Oct. 8	1681 July 12	1681 Nov. 7	1681 Dec. 13	1682 Jan. 5	1682 March 27	1682 April 10	1682 May 4	1683 Jan. 10	1683 March 22	1683 Dec. 5	1684 March 17	1684 July 21	Total
Andrew, Samuel										×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	12
Angier, Samuel																						0
Corlet, Ammi Ruhamah						×	×	×														3
Cotton, John											×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	11
Danforth, Samuel																						0
Foster, Isaac									×													1
Gookin, Daniel	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×													9
Hoar, Leonard President	×																					1
Hobart, Nehemiah													×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	9
Mather, Increase		×	×			×		×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×		×	×	×	×	16
Mitchell, Samuel																						0
Nowell, Samuel Treasurer																				×		1
Oakes, Urian President		×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×												9
Richards, John Treasurer	×	×	×		×	×		×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×				×	×	16
Rogers, John President																	×		×	×		3
Shepard, Thomas		×	×	×	×	×	×															6
Sherman, John										×									×	×	×	4
Thacher, Peter	×	×	×	×																		4
Total	4	6	6	4	4	6	4	5	5	5	4	4	5	5	5	5	4	4	6	8	6

II 1690–1691

	1690 June 2	1690 June 16	1690 Aug. 19	1691 April 20	1691 Aug. 24	1691 Dec. 24	Total
Brattle, William	×	×	×	×	×	×	6
Gookin, Nathaniel		×	×	×	×	×	5
Hobart, Nehemiah	×	×					2
Leverett, John	×	×	×	×	×	×	6
Mather, Cotton		×	×	×	×	×	5
Mather, Increase President							0
Richards, John Treasurer	×	×	×	×	×	×	6
Total	4	6	5	5	5	5

III Charter of 1692

1692–1696

	1692 July 26	1692 Sept. 5	1693 March 6	1693 April 3	1693 April 19	1693 May 8	1693 June 22	1693 Aug. 10	1693 Sept. 4	1693 Oct. 2	1693 Nov. 6	1694 March 5	1694 June 11	1694 Aug. 6	1694 Sept. 3	1695 March 4	1695 April 8	1695 July 8	1695 Aug. 5	1695 Oct. 7	1696 Jan. 9	1696 April 6	1696 June 8	1696 July 6	1696 Nov. 9	Total
Allen, James	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×		×	×	×	×	×	24
Brattle, Thomas Treasurer								×	×		×	×		×	×	×		×	×	×		×		×	×	13
Brattle, William		×	×	×	×		×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×		×	×	×	×	22
Gookin, Nathaniel	×																									1
Hobart, Nehemiah																										0
Leverett, John	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×		×	×	×	×	24
Mather, Cotton	×	×	×		×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×		×	×	×		×	22
Mather, Increase President	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	25
Morton, Charles		×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×		×	×	×	×	×	×	×		×	×	22
Richards, John Treasurer					×																					1
Walter, Nehemiah	×	×	×	×	×	×	×		×	×		×	×	×	×		×	×		×	×		×	×	×	20
Willard, Samuel	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×			×	23
Total	7	8	8	7	9	7	8	8	9	8	8	9	8	9	8	8	8	9	8	7	6	8	6	7	9

IV Charter of 1697

1697–1700

	1697 July 13	1697 Nov. 15	1698 March 3	1698 April 7	1698 May 5	1698 May 12	1698 June 9	1698 June 13	1698 Oct. 3	1698 Dec. 5	1699 Aug. 7	1699 Nov. 6	1700 May 6	Total
Allen, James	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	13
Brattle, Thomas Treasurer	×	×	×				×	×	×	×	×	×	×	10
Brattle, William	×					×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	9
Danforth, John	×	×	×	×	×	×	×			×				8
Dudley, Paul														0
Hobart, Nehemiah	×	×		×	×		×							5
Leverett, John	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×			×	11
Mather, Cotton	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×		×	×	×	12
Mather, Increase President	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	13
Morton, Charles Vice President	×													1
Thacher, Peter	×	×		×	×					×		×		6
Torrey, Samuel	×			×				×		×	×			5
Wadsworth, Benjamin	×	×	×		×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	12
Walter, Nehemiah		×	×	×		×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	11
White, John		×	×	×	×	×	×		×	×	×	×	×	11
Wigglesworth, Michael											×			1
Willard, Samuel	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	13
Total	13	12	10	11	10	10	12	10	10	12	11	10	10

V Charter of 1700

1700–1707

	1700 Aug. 5	1700 Sept. 1	1701 April 7	1701 Aug. 4	1701 Oct. 13	1702 April 6	1702 Sept. 7	1703 Jan. 4	1703 March 23	1703 Aug. 10	1703 Sept. 28	1704 May 23	1704 Aug. 29	1704 Sept. 27	1705 Aug. 22	1706 Aug. 6	1707 March 27	1707 Aug. 6	1707 Oct. 28	Total
Allen, James	×	×	×	×		×							×	×	×	×	×	×	×	12
Angier, Samuel	×	×	×				×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×			×	14
Brattle, Thomas										×	×	×	×		×	×	×	×	×	9
Brattle, William										×	×	×	×	×	×	×		×	×	9
Danforth, John		×				×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×		×	×	×	14
Fitch, Jabez	×	×	×		×	×	×	×												7
Flynt, Henry	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×		×	×	×	×	×	×	18
Gibbs, Henry	×		×	×	×		×	×	×	×	×		×	×	×	×				13
Hobart, Nehemiah	×				×	×	×	×			×		×	×	×	×		×	×	12
Leverett, John																			×	1
Mather, Cotton	×		×	×																3
Mather, Increase President	×	×	×																	3
Pemberton, Ebenezer																			×	1
Pierpont, Jonathan	×	×	×	×	×	×			×		×	×			×	×	×	×	×	14
Remington, Jonathan									×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	11
Thacher, Peter	×	×		×		×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×		×	×		×	×	15
Torrey, Samuel				×	×	×				×		×	×							6
Wadsworth, Benjamin	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×		×	18
Walter, Nehemiah		×																		1
White, John	×			×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×		×	×	×	×	×	×	×	16
Wigglesworth, Michael	×	×		×	×	×	×	×		×	×	×	×							11
Willard, Samuel Vice President	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×	×		18
Total	14	12	10	11	10	12	11	11	10	13	14	12	14	11	14	13	9	11	14

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF COLLEGE OFFICERS 1637–1750 486

Presidents

took office				left office
1637			Nathaniel Eaton, Professor487	Sept.	9	1639
1640	Aug.	27	Henry Dunster	Oct.	24	1654
1654	Nov.	27	Charles Chauncy	*Feb.	19	1672
1672	Dec.	10	Leonard Hoar	March	15	1675
1675	April	7	Urian Oakes, Acting President	Feb.	9	1680
1680	Feb.	9	Urian Oakes488	*July	25	1681489
1682	April	10	John Rogers	*July	2	1684
1685	June	11	Increase Mather, Acting President	July	23	1686
1686	July	23	Increase Mather, Rector490	June	27	1692
1692	June	27	Increase Mather	Sept.	6	1701
1697	June	4	Charles Morton, Vice President	*April	11	1698
1700	July	12	Samuel Willard, Vice President	Aug.	14	1707
1708	Jan.	14	John Leverett	*May	3	1724
1725	July	7	Benjamin Wadsworth	*March	16	1737
1737	Sept.	28	Edward Holyoke	*June	1	1769
1770	March	21	Samuel Locke	Dec.	1	1773
1774	Oct.	14	Samuel Langdon	Aug.	30	1780
1781	Dec.	19	Joseph Willard	*Sept.	25	1804

Acting Presidents 491

took office		left office
1654	The Fellows (Tutors) of the College	1654
1681	The Fellows (Tutors) of the College	1682
1736	Henry Flynt, assigned a portion of the duties	1737
1769	The major part of the Tutors	1770
1773	John Winthrop, assigned a portion of the duties	1774
1780	Edward Wigglesworth	1781

Fellows

chronological		alphabetical
1650–1650	Samuel Mather	James Allen492	1692–1707
1650–1654?	Samuel Danforth493	Nehemiah Ambrose	1654–1657
1650–1668	Jonathan Mitchell	Samuel Andrew	1679–1684?
1650–1650	Comfort Starr	Samuel Angier494	1676–1678?
1650–1654	Samuel Eaton	Samuel Angier	1700–1707
1650–1653	Urian Oakes	Nathaniel Appleton	1717–1779
1651–1653	John Collins	Samuel Bradstreet	1656–1657
1652–1654	Michael Wigglesworth	Thomas Brattle	1703–1707
1654–1655	Thomas Dudley	William Brattle	?1685–1700
1654–1673	Thomas Shepard	William Brattle	1703–1717
1654–1656?	Samuel Hooker	Zechariah Brigden?	?1657–1660?
1654–1657	Nehemiah Ambrose	Joseph Browne	?1671–1673
1656–1656?	Samuel Nowell	Gershom Bulkley?	?1658–1661?
1656–1658	Joshua Moody	Peter Bulkley	1663–1666
1656–1657	Samuel Bradstreet	Nathaniel Chauncy	1663–1666
1657–1663?	Zechariah Symmes	John Collins	1651–1653
?1657–1660?	Zechariah Brigden?	Benjamin Colman	1717–1728
?1658–1661?	Gershom Bulkley?	Ammi Ruhamah Corlet495	1676–1679
?1660–1663?	Samuel Shepard?	John Cotton	1681–1690
1663–1664	Samuel Eliot	John Danforth	1697–1707
1663–1666	Peter Bulkley	Samuel Danforth496	1650–1654?
1663–1666	Nathaniel Chauncy	Samuel Danforth497	?1668–1674
?1664–1666?	Joseph Whiting?	Samuel Danforth498	1675–1675
1666–1671	Thomas Graves	Paul Dudley	1697–1700
1666–1667	Solomon Stoddard	Thomas Dudley	1654–1655
1666–1672	Alexander Nowell	Samuel Eaton	1650–1654
1668–1671?	Joseph Pynchon	Samuel Eliot	1663–1664
?1668–1674	Samuel Danforth	Jabez Fitch	1700–1703
?1671–1673	Joseph Browne	Henry Flynt	1700–1760
?1671–1673	John Richardson	Isaac Foster	1678–1681?
1672–1673	Urian Oakes	Henry Gibbs	1700–1707
1673–1681	Daniel Gookin	Daniel Gookin	1673–1681
1673–1674	Samuel Sewall	Nathaniel Gookin	1690–1692
1674–1676	Peter Thacher	Thomas Graves	1666–1671
1675–1685	Increase Mather	Nehemiah Hobart	1681–1692
1675–1675	Urian Oakes	Nehemiah Hobart	1697–1712
1675–1677	Thomas Shepard	Edward Holyoke	1713–1716
1675–1675	Samuel Danforth	Samuel Hooker	1654–1656?
1676–1679	Ammi Ruhamah Corlet	John Leverett	1685–1700
1676–1678?	Samuel Angier	John Leverett	1707–1707
1678–1685	John Sherman	Cotton Mather	1690–1703
1678–1681?	Isaac Foster	Increase Mather	1675–1685
1679–1684?	Samuel Andrew	Samuel Mather	1650–1650
1681–1690	John Cotton	Joseph Mayhew	1742–1755
1681–1692	Nehemiah Hobart	Jonathan Mitchell	1650–1668
1685–1685?	Samuel Mitchell	Samuel Mitchell	1685–1685?
1685–1700	John Leverett	Joshua Moody	1656–1658
?1685–1700	William Brattle	Charles Morton	1692–1697
1690–1692	Nathaniel Gookin	Alexander Nowell	1666–1672
1690–1703	Cotton Mather	Samuel Nowell	1656–1656?
1692–1707	James Allen	Urian Oakes	1650–1653
1692–1700	Samuel Willard	Urian Oakes	1672–1673
1692–1703	Nehemiah Walter	Urian Oakes	1675–1675
1692–1697	Charles Morton	Ebenezer Pemberton	1707–1717
1697–1705	Michael Wigglesworth	Jonathan Pierpont	1700–1707
1697–1707	Samuel Torrey	Nathan Prince	1728–1742
1697–1712	Nehemiah Hobart	Joseph Pynchon	1668–1671?
1697–1707	Peter Thacher	Jonathan Remington	1703–1711
1697–1707	John Danforth	John Richardson	?1671–1673
1697–1700	Paul Dudley	Thomas Robie	1722–1723
1697–1707	Benjamin Wadsworth	Nicholas Sever	1725–1728
1697–1707	John White	Joseph Sewall	1728–1765
1700–1707	Samuel Angier	Samuel Sewall	1673–1674
1700–1707	Henry Gibbs	Samuel Shepard?	?1660–1663?
1700–1707	Jonathan Pierpont	Thomas Shepard	1654–1673
1700–1760	Henry Flynt	Thomas Shepard	1675–1677
1700–1703	Jabez Fitch	John Sherman499	1678–1685
1703–1711	Jonathan Remington	Comfort Starr	1650–1650
1703–1707	Thomas Brattle	Joseph Stevens	1712–1713
1703–1717	William Brattle	Joseph Stevens	1716–1721
1707–1707	John Leverett	Solomon Stoddard	1666–1667
1707–1717	Ebenezer Pemberton	Zechariah Symmes	1657–1663?
1711–1712	John Whiting	Peter Thacher	1674–1676
1712–1713	Joseph Stevens	Peter Thacher	1697–1707
1712–1725	Benjamin Wadsworth	Samuel Torrey500	1697–1707
1713–1716	Edward Holyoke	Benjamin Wadsworth	1697–1707
1716–1721	Joseph Stevens	Benjamin Wadsworth	1712–1725
1717–1728	Benjamin Colman	Nehemiah Walter	1692–1703
1717–1779	Nathaniel Appleton	John White	1697–1707
1722–1723	Thomas Robie	John Whiting	1711–1712
1724–1765	Edward Wigglesworth	Joseph Whiting?	?1664–1666?
1725–1728	Nicholas Sever	Edward Wigglesworth	1724–1765
1728–1765	Joseph Sewall	Michael Wigglesworth	1652–1654
1728–1742	Nathan Prince	Michael Wigglesworth	1697–1705
1742–1755	Joseph Mayhew	Samuel Willard501	1692–1700

Treasurers

chronological		alphabetical
1643–1650	Herbert Pelham	Thomas Brattle	1693–1713
1650–1668	Thomas Danforth	William Brattle502	1713–1715
1669–1682	John Richards	Thomas Danforth	1650–1668
1683–1686	Samuel Nowell	John Hancock	1773–1777
1686–1693	John Richards	Thomas Hubbard	1752–1773
1693–1713	Thomas Brattle	Edward Hutchinson	1721–1752
1713–1715	William Brattle	Samuel Nowell503	1683–1686
1715–1721	John White	Herbert Pelham	1643–1650
1721–1752	Edward Hutchinson	John Richards	1669–1682
1752–1773	Thomas Hubbard	John Richards	1686–1693
1773–1777	John Hancock	Ebenezer Storer	1777–1807
1777–1807	Ebenezer Storer	John White504	1715–1721

Professors

Theology

1722–1765 Edward Wigglesworth,505 Hollis

Mathematics

1728–1738 Isaac Greenwood,506 Hollis
1738–1779 John Winthrop, Hollis

Tutors

chronological		alphabetical
1643–1646?	George Downing	Nehemiah Ambrose	1654–1657
1643–1646?	John Bulkley	Samuel Andrew	1679–1684?
?1644–1649?	Samuel Danforth	Samuel Angier507	1676–1678?
?1646–1649?	Samuel Mather	Samuel Bradstreet	1656–1657
?1646–1650?	Jonathan Mitchell	William Brattle	?1685–1697
?1649–1650	Comfort Starr	Zechariah Brigden?	?1657–1660?
1650–1654	Samuel Eaton	Joseph Browne	?1671–1673
1650–1653	Urian Oakes	Gershom Bulkley?	?1658–1661?
1651–1653	John Collins	John Bulkley	1643–1646?
1652–1654	Michael Wigglesworth	Peter Bulkley	1663–1666
1654–1655?	Thomas Dudley	Nathaniel Chauncy	1663–1666
1654–1656?	Thomas Shepard	John Collins	1651–1653
1654–1656?	Samuel Hooker	Ammi Ruhamah Corlet508	1676–1679
1654–1657	Nehemiah Ambrose	John Cotton	1681–1685
1656–1656?	Samuel Nowell	Samuel Danforth509	?1644–1649?
1656–1658	Joshua Moody	Samuel Danforth510	1675–1675
1656–1657	Samuel Bradstreet	John Davenport	1728–1732
1657–1663?	Zechariah Symmes	George Downing	1643–1646?
?1657–1660?	Zechariah Brigden?	Thomas Dudley	1654–1655?
?1658–1661?	Gershom Bulkley?	Samuel Eaton	1650–1654
?1660–1663?	Samuel Shepard?	Samuel Eliot	1663–1664
1663–1664	Samuel Eliot	Jabez Fitch	1697–1703
1663–1666	Peter Bulkley	Henry Flynt	1699–1754
1663–1666	Nathaniel Chauncy	Isaac Foster	1678–1681?
?1664–1666?	Joseph Whiting?	Daniel Gookin	1673–1681
1666–1671	Thomas Graves	Thomas Graves	1666–1671
1666–1667	Solomon Stoddard	Belcher Hancock	1742–1767
1666–1672	Alexander Nowell	Edward Holyoke	1712–1716
1668–1671?	Joseph Pynchon	Samuel Hooker	1654–1656?
?1671–1673	Joseph Browne	John Leverett	1685–1697
?1671–1673	John Richardson	Thomas Marsh	1741–1766
1673–1681	Daniel Gookin	Samuel Mather	?1646–1649?
1673–1674	Samuel Sewall	Joseph Mayhew	1739–1755
1674–1676	Peter Thacher	Jonathan Mitchell	?1646–1650?
1675–1675	Samuel Danforth	Samuel Mitchell	1684–1685
1676–1679	Ammi Ruhamah Corlet	Joshua Moody	1656–1658
1676–1678?	Samuel Angier	Alexander Nowell	1666–1672
1678–1681?	Isaac Foster	Samuel Nowell	1656–1656?
1679–1684?	Samuel Andrew	Urian Oakes	1650–1653
1681–1685	John Cotton	Ebenezer Pemberton	1697–1700
1684–1685	Samuel Mitchell	Nathan Prince	1723–1742
1685–1697	John Leverett	Joseph Pynchon	1668–1671?
?1685–1697	William Brattle	Jonathan Remington	1703–1711
1697–1700	Ebenezer Pemberton	John Richardson	?1671–1673
1697–1703	Jabez Fitch	Thomas Robie	1714–1723
1699–1754	Henry Flynt	Daniel Rogers511	1732–1741
1700–1702	Nathaniel Saltonstall	Nathaniel Saltonstall	1700–1702
1703–1711	Jonathan Remington	Nicholas Sever	1716–1728
1703–1706	Josiah Willard	Samuel Sewall	1673–1674
1706–1712	John Whiting	Stephen Sewall	1728–1739
1712–1713	Joseph Stevens	Samuel Shepard?	?1660–1663?
1712–1716	Edward Holyoke	Thomas Shepard	1654–1656?
1714–1723	Thomas Robie	Comfort Starr	?1649–1650
1716–1728	Nicholas Sever	Joseph Stevens512	1712–1713
1720–1728	William Welsteed	Solomon Stoddard	1666–1667
1723–1742	Nathan Prince	Zechariah Symmes	1657–1663?
1728–1732	John Davenport	Peter Thacher	1674–1676
1728–1739	Stephen Sewall	William Welsteed	1720–1728
1732–1741	Daniel Rogers	John Whiting	1706–1712
1739–1755	Joseph Mayhew	Joseph Whiting?	?1664–1666?
1741–1766	Thomas Marsh	Michael Wigglesworth	1652–1654
1742–1767	Belcher Hancock	Josiah Willard	1703–1706

Instructors

1722–1760 Judah Monis, Hebrew
1733–1735 Louis Langloiserie,513 French

Librarians

chronological		alphabetical
1667–1672	Solomon Stoddard	Daniel Allin	1676–1679
1674–1674	Samuel Sewall	Joseph Champney	1728–1729
1674–1676	Daniel Gookin	Samuel Cooke514	1737–1737
1676–1679	Daniel Allin	William Cooke	1720–1721
1679–1681	Daniel Gookin	Samuel Coolidge	1734–1735
1681–1690	John Cotton	John Cotton	1681–1690
1690–1693	Henry Newman	Matthew Cushing	1743–1748
1693–1697	Ebenezer Pemberton	John Denison	1713–1714
1697–1701	Nathaniel Saltonstall	James Diman	1735–1737
1701–1701	Anthony Stoddard	Joshua Gee	1721–1722
1701–1703	Josiah Willard	Henry Gibbs	1730–1734
1703–1706	John Whiting	Daniel Gookin	1674–1676
1706–1707	John Gore	Daniel Gookin	1679–1681
1707–1709	Nathaniel Gookin	Nathaniel Gookin	1707–1709
1709–1712	Edward Holyoke	John Gore	1706–1707
1712–1713	Thomas Robie	Belcher Hancock	1741–1742
1713–1714	John Denison	John Hancock	1723–1726
1714–1718	John Rogers	Edward Holyoke	1709–1712
1718–1720	William Welsteed	Thomas Marsh	1737–1741
1720–1721	William Cooke	Henry Newman	1690–1693
1721–1722	Joshua Gee	Oliver Peabody	1748–1750
1722–1723	Mitchel Sewall	Ebenezer Pemberton	1693–1697
1723–1726	John Hancock	Benjamin Prat	1742–1743
1726–1728	Stephen Sewall	Joseph Pynchon	1729–1730
1728–1729	Joseph Champney	Thomas Robie	1712–1713
1729–1730	Joseph Pynchon	John Rogers	1714–1718
1730–1734	Henry Gibbs	Nathaniel Saltonstall	1697–1701
1734–1735	Samuel Coolidge	Mitchel Sewall	1722–1723
1735–1737	James Diman	Samuel Sewall	1674–1674
1737–1737	Samuel Cooke	Stephen Sewall	1726–1728
1737–1741	Thomas Marsh	Anthony Stoddard515	1701–1701
1741–1742	Belcher Hancock	Solomon Stoddard	1667–1672
1742–1743	Benjamin Prat	William Welsteed	1718–1720
1743–1748	Matthew Cushing	John Whiting	1703–1706
1748–1750	Oliver Peabody	Josiah Willard516	1701–1703

Stewards

chronological		alphabetical
–1649	Matthew Day	Aaron Bordman	1687–1703
1649–1660	Thomas Chesholme	Andrew Bordman517	1682–1687
1660–	John Sherman	Andrew Bordman518	1703–1747
–1668	William Bordman	Andrew Bordman519	1747–1750
1668–1682	Thomas Danforth	William Bordman	–1668
1682–1687	Andrew Bordman	Thomas Chesholme	1649–1660
1687–1703	Aaron Bordman	Thomas Danforth	1668–1682
1703–1747	Andrew Bordman	Matthew Day	–1649
1747–1750	Andrew Bordman	Caleb Gannett	1779–1818
1750–1779	Jonathan Hastings	Jonathan Hastings	1750–1779
1779–1818	Caleb Gannett	John Sherman520	1660–

NOTE

The Triennial Catalogues from 1674 (the earliest known) to 1773 were printed as broadsides and each contained a list of those only on whom degrees had been conferred by Harvard College. The 1776 Triennial was printed in octavo form, with title-page; but the 1776–1788 Triennials still contained only a list of those on whom degrees had been conferred by the College. In the 1791 Triennial were printed, for the first time, a list of “Præsides Universitatis ab anno 1640 ad annum 1791,” and, also for the first time, the names of the Corporation (“Senatus Academicus”) for the year 1791, of the Professors for the year 1791, and of the Tutors for the year 1791. In the 1794 Triennial, the name of the then Librarian was added; and similar lists were printed in the 1797–1803 Triennials. Certain features appeared for the first time, or certain changes were made, in the years indicated as follows:

1806 Lists of Fellows (from 1707), of Treasurers (from 1640), of Professors (from 1721), of Tutors (from 1707), and of Librarians (from 1766) first appeared. To the list of “Socii” was appended this footnote: “Sociorum Tutorumque Catalogum in editione proximè sequente perfectiorem fore speratur.”

1818 List of Overseers (from 1810) and of Instructors (from 1812) first appeared.

1833 The date of Thomas Danforth’s term as Treasurer was corrected from 1640–1668 (as it had been printed since 1806) to 1650–1668; and the list of Tutors was carried back to 1699.

1839 The list of Librarians was carried back to 1674.

1842 The name of Herbert Pelham as Treasurer from 1643 to 1650 first appeared; and the list of Librarians was carried back to 1667.

1851 List of Stewards first appeared.

1863 The list of Overseers was followed by “Inspectorum Secretarii” (from 1712).

1872 The list of Instructors was carried back to 1722.

The Triennial Catalogues ended with the issue of 1875, and the lists in the Quinquennial Catalogue of 1880 were the same as they had been in the 1872 and 1875 Triennials. For other information about the Triennial Catalogues, see Sibley’s article in 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society (1864), viii. 9–56.

On January 12, 1885, the late William H. Tillinghast was appointed Editor of the Quinquennial Catalogue. At a meeting of the Corporation on April 27, President Eliot—

“presented the following resolution passed by the Board of Overseers at their meeting of April 15, 1885,—‘that an examination be made of the Records of the Corporation, and that the names of all Fellows, Overseers, and other officers of instruction or government who have been regularly appointed and confirmed, be inserted in the next edition of the Quinquennial Catalogue.’

“Voted to cause such action to be taken by the editor of the Quinquennial Catalogue as is hereby recommended by the Board of Overseers.”

The results of Mr. Tillinghast’s examination were entered in a bound book of over six hundred pages which he gave to the College August 20, 1885. It is labelled UA III. 1. 20. The manuscript title-page reads:

The Overseers, Fellows, Tutors

and Instructors

Harvard College

who were not recorded in the

General Catalogue

prior to 1885.

Compiled by

William H. Tillinghast

1885

Hence in the 1885 Quinquennial appeared, for the first time, a complete chronological list of College officers, the Fellows being carried back to 1650 and the Tutors to 1643. Similar lists appeared in the 1890–1910 Quinquennials. In the 1915 Quinquennial only a partial chronological list was printed, followed by an “Alphabetical List of Officers of Government and Instruction;” and a similar arrangement was adopted in the 1920 Quinquennial. The partial chronological list contained only the names of the Presidents, Acting Presidents, Fellows, Treasurers, Overseers, Professors, and (from 1905) Visiting Professors and Lecturers from Foreign Universities. The omission of a chronological list of Tutors, Instructors, Librarians, and Stewards renders the 1915 and 1920 Quinquennials less useful to the student of the history of the College than those of 1885–1910.

The chronological list of College officers here printed (pp. clii–clxi) is of course based on the lists that have appeared in the 1791–1875 Triennials and the 1880–1920 Quinquennials, but with certain corrections (duly noted) made necessary by the records now printed or by data obtained from other sources. So far as the Fellows and the Tutors are concerned, no absolutely correct list can be compiled, owing partly to the fact that the early records are imperfect and partly to the confusion that existed for many years as to the exact meaning of the word “Fellow,” in regard to which see pp. cxxxii–cxxxv, above.

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF MASSACHUSETTS OFFICIALS 1636–1775 521

Governors

took office				left office
1636	May	25	Henry Vane	1637
1637	May	17	John Winthrop	1640
1640	May	13	Thomas Dudley	1641
1641	June	2	Richard Bellingham	1642
1642	May	18	John Winthrop	1644
1644	May	29	John Endecott	1645
1645	May	14	Thomas Dudley	1646
1646	May	6	John Winthrop	1649
1649	May	2	John Endecott	1650
1650	May	22	Thomas Dudley	1651
1651	May	7	John Endecott	1654
1654	May	3	Richard Bellingham	1655
1655	May	23	John Endecott	1665
1665	May	3	Richard Bellingham	1672
1673	May	7	John Leverett	1679
1679	May	28	Simon Bradstreet	1686
1686	May	25	Joseph Dudley522	1886	Dec.	20
1686	Dec.	20	Sir Edmund Andros	1689523
1689	June	7	Simon Bradstreet	1692	May
1692	May	16	Sir William Phips	1694	Nov.	17
1699	May	26	Earl of Bellomont	1700	July	17
1702	June	11	Joseph Dudley	1715	Nov.	9524
1716	Oct.	5	Samuel Shute	1723	Jan.	1
1728	July	19	William Burnet	1729	Sept.	7
1730	Aug.	10	Jonathan Belcher	1741	Aug.	14
1741	Aug.	14	William Shirley	1756	Sept.	25
1757	Aug.	3	Thomas Pownall	1760	June	3
1760	Aug.	2	Sir Francis Bernard	1769	Aug.	1
1771	March	14	Thomas Hutchinson	1774	May	17
1774	May	17	Thomas Gage

Deputy- or Lieutenant-Governors 525

took office				left office
1636	May	25	John Winthrop	1637
1637	May	17	Thomas Dudley	1640
1640	May	13	Richard Bellingham	1641
1641	June	2	John Endecott	1644
1644	May	29	John Winthrop	1646
1646	May	6	Thomas Dudley	1650
1650	May	22	John Endecott	1651
1651	May	7	Thomas Dudley	1653
1653	May	18	Richard Bellingham	1654
1654	May	3	John Endecott	1655
1655	May	23	Richard Bellingham	1665
1665	May	3	Francis Willoughby	1671
1671	May	31	John Leverett	1673
1673	May	7	Samuel Symonds	1678
1679	May	28	Thomas Danforth	1686
1686	May	26	William Stoughton526	1686	Dec.	20
1688	July	19	Francis Nicholson
1689	June	7	Thomas Danforth	1692	May
1692	May	16	William Stoughton	1701	July	7
1702	June	11	Thomas Povey	1706	Jan.	28
1711	Oct.	4	William Tailer	1716	Oct.	5
1716	Oct.	5	William Dummer	1730	June	11
1730	June	11	William Tailer	1732	March	1

Lieutenant-Governors

took office				left office
1732	Aug.	8	Spencer Phips	1757	April	4
1758	June	1	Thomas Hutchinson	1771	March	14
1771	March	14	Andrew Oliver	1774	March	3
1774	Aug.	8	Thomas Oliver

Secretaries

took office				left office
1634	May	14	Simon Bradstreet	1636527
1636528			Increase Nowell	1650
1650	May	22	Edward Rawson	1686
1686	July	1	Edward Randolph
1689	June	7	Isaac Addington	1692	May
1692	May	16	Isaac Addington	1715	March	19
1715	Sept.	24	Samuel Woodward	1716	Aug.	3
1717	Dec.	4	Josiah Willard	1756	Dec.	7
1756	Dec.	15	Andrew Oliver	1771	March	11
1771	March	11	Thomas Flucker

Treasurers

took office				left office
1636	May	25	Richard Dummer	1637
1637	May	17	Richard Bellingham	1640
1640	May	13	William Tyng	1644
1644	Nov.	13	Richard Russell	1676
1676	May	3	John Hull	1680
1680	May	19	James Russell	1685
1685	Oct.	21	Samuel Nowell	1686
1686	July	1	John Usher
1689	June	11	John Phillips	1693
1693	June	17	James Taylor	1714
1714	June	25	Jeremiah Allen	1736
1736	July	5	William Foye	1753
1753	June	22	Harrison Gray

LIST OF COMMENCEMENT DAYS 1642–1750 529

year	month	day of month	day of week
1642530
1643	Oct.531
1644532
1645533
1646	July	28	Tu
1647	July	27	Tu
1648	July	25534	Tu
1649	July	31	Tu
1650	July	30	Tu
1651	Aug.	12	Tu
1652	Aug.	10	Tu
1653	Aug.	9	Tu
1653	Aug.	10	W
1654	Aug.	8	Tu
1655	Aug.	14	Tu
1656	Aug.	12	Tu
1657	Aug.	11	Tu
1658	Aug.	10	Tu
1659	Aug.	9	Tu
1660	Aug.	14	Tu
1661	Aug.	13	Tu
1662	Aug.	12	Tu
1663	Aug.	11	Tu
1664	Aug.	9	Tu
1665	Aug.	8	Tu
1666	Aug.	14	Tu
1667	Aug.	13	Tu
1668	Aug.	11	Tu
1669	Aug.	10	Tu
1670	Aug.	9	Tu
1671	Aug.	8	Tu
1672	Aug.	13	Tu
1673	Aug.	12	Tu
1674	Aug.	11	Tu
1675	Aug.	10	Tu
1676	Aug.	8	Tu
1677	Aug.	14	Tu
1678	Aug.	13	Tu
1679	Aug.	12	Tu
1680	Aug.	10	Tu
1681	Aug.	9	Tu
1682	Aug.	8	Tu
1683	Sept.	12	W
1684	July	1	Tu
1685	July	1	W
1686	July	7	W
1687	July	6	W
1688	July	4	W
1689	Sept.	11	W
1690	July	2	W
1691	July	1	W
1692	July	6	W
1693	July	5	W
1694	July	4	W
1695	July	3	W
1696	July	1	W
1697	July	7	W
1698	July	6	W
1699	July	5	W
1700	July	3	W
1701	July	2	W
1702	July	1	W
1703	July	7	W
1704	July	5	W
1705	July	4	W
1706	July	3	W
1707	July	2	W
1708	July	7	W
1709	July	6	W
1710	July	5	W
1711	July	4	W
1712	July	2	W
1713	July	1	W
1714	July	7	W
1715	Aug.	31	W
1716	July	4	W
1717	July	3	W
1718	July	2	W
1719	July	1	W
1720	July	6	W
1721	June	28	W
1722	July	4	W
1723	July	3	W
1724	July	1	W
1725	July	7	W
1726	July	6	W
1727	June	30	F
1728	June	28	F
1729	June	27	F
1730	June	24	W
7731	June	25	F
1732	June	23	F
1733	June	29	F
1734	July	5	F
1735	July	4	F
1736	July	7	W
1737	July	6	W
1738	July	5	W
1739	July	4	W
1740	Aug.	27	W
1741	July	1	W
1742	July	7	W
1743	July	6	W
1744	July	4	W
1745	July	3	W
1746	July	2	W
1747	July	1	W
1748	July	6	W
1749	June	30	F
1750	July	4	W

CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF MEETINGS 1643–1750 535

Abbreviations

C = Corporation
G = Governors of Harvard College
O = Overseers
P = President and Council for New England
R = Rector and Tutors

				college book		page of these volumes
1643	Dec.	27	G		I. 27		16
					III. 6		175
1650	May	6	O		I. 44		27
					III. 21		190
1654	June	10	O		III. 17		186
1654	Oct.	24	O		III. 18		186
1654	Oct.	24	O		III. 39		206
1654	Nov.	2	O		III. 39		206
1654	Nov.	27	O		III. 39		207
1654	Dec.	10	C		III. 41		208
1656536	Feb.	28			III. 40		207
1656	Aug.	12			III. 40		207
1659	March	1	C		I. 14		10
1659	June	10	C		I. 61		44
1659	June	10	C		III. 36		205
1660			O		III. 23		192
1663	Aug.	24			III. 43		210
1666			O		III. 25		194
1666	Nov.	28	C		III. 43		210
1667			O		III. 25		194
1667			O		III. 27		196
1667	March	27	O		I. 64		48
1667	March	27	O		III. 33		201
1667	March	27			III. 43		210
1667	June	17	C		I. 64		48
1667	June	17	C		III. 28		197
1667	Dec.	5	O		III. 52		218
1667	Dec.	5	C		III. 52		218
1668537	Jan.	1			III. 44		210
1669	June	3	O		III. 53		218
1669	June	3	O		III. 53		219
1669	Oct.	4	C		I. 65		49
1669	Oct.	4	C		III. 44		210
1670	Feb.	21	C		I. 65		49
1670	Feb.	21	C		III. 44		211
1670	Sept.	27	C		I. 65		50
					I. 67		51
					III. 45		211
					III. 61		224
1671	Aug.	1	C		I. 55		38
					I. 65		50
					III. 45		211
1671	Nov.	15	C		I. 65		50
1671	Nov.	15	C		III. 45		211
1672538	Feb.	12	C		I. 65		50
1672538	Feb.	12	C		III. 45		212
1672	March	7	O		III. 52		217
1672	June	20	O		III. 54		220
1672	July	30539	O		III. 54		219
1672	Oct.	1	C		I. 65		51
1672	Oct.	1	C		III. 61		224
1673540	Jan.	11	C		I. 6 m541		51 m
1673542	Jan.	20	O		III. 56		221
1673543	Jan.	25	C		I. 66		51
					I. 68		53
					I. 75		55
					III. 62		225
1673544	Feb.	2	C		I. 65 m		51 m
1673545	Feb.	3	C		I. 75		55
1673545	Feb.	3	C		III. 62		225
1673	May	27	C		I. 76		56
1673	May	27	C		III. 63		226
1673	Aug.	22	C		I. 23		13
1673	Aug.	26	C		I. 23		13
1673	Sept.	15	C		I. 76		57
1673	Sept.	15	C		III. 63		226
1673	Sept.	15	O		III. 56		221
1673	Sept.	15	O		III. 63 m		226 m
1673	Oct.	2	O		III. 63		227
1673	Nov.	5	C		I. 76		57
1673	Nov.	5	C		III. 63		227
1673	Nov.	20	O		III. 63 m		227 m
1674546	Feb.	2	C		I. 76		57
1674546	Feb.	2	C		III. 64		227
1674	March	1	C		I. 76		58
1674	March	1	C		III. 64		227
1674	April	15	C		I. 77		58
1674	April	15	C		III. 64		228
1674	May	4	C		I. 77		58
1674	May	4	C		III. 64		228
1674	June	15	C		I. 77		59
1674	June	15	C		III. 64		228
1674	Nov.	10	O		III. 56		221
1674	Nov.	10	O		III. 67		231
1674	Dec.	3	O		I. 77 m		59 m
1674	Dec.	3	O		III. 65		228
1674	Dec.	11	C		I. 77		59
					III. 65		229
					III. 65 m		229 m
1674	Dec.	21	C		I. 78		60
1674	Dec.	21	C		III. 67		231
1675	March	11	O		III. 67		232
1675	March	11	C		III. 67		232
1675	March	15	O		I. 77 m		59 m
					III. 57		222
					III. 67		231
1675	April	7	O		III. 67		232
1675	April	7	O		III. 67		233
1675	April	7	C		III. 67		232
1675	April	19	C		I. 80		63
1675	April	19	C		III. 68		233
1675	April	26	C		I. 80		63
1675	April	26	C		III. 67		233
1675	June	1	C		I. 80		63
1675	June	1	C		III. 68		233
1675	Sept.	2	C		I. 80		64
1675	Sept.	8	C		III. 68		234
1675	Oct.	27	O		III. 68		234
1675	Dec.	22	C		I. 80		64
1675	Dec.	22	C		III. 69		234
1675	Dec.	27	C		I. 23		13
					I. 80		64
					III. 69		235
1676	Jan.	1	O		III. 69		235
1676	April	11	C		I. 80		64
1676	April	11	C		III. 69		235
1676	Aug.	22	C		I. 81		65
1676	Aug.	22	C		III. 69		235
1677	May	14	C		I. 81		65
1677	May	14	C		III. 69		235
1677	Oct.	23	C		I. 81		65
1677	Oct.	23	C		III. 69		235
1678547	Jan.	28	O		I. 81 m		65 m
1678547	Jan.	28	O		III. 69		236
1678	March548	1	C		III. 70		236
1678	March549	6	C		I. 81		65
1678	May	21	O		III. 70		237
1679	June	30	C		I. 81		66
1679	June	30	C		III. 70		238
1679	July	3	C		I. 81		66
1679	July	3	C		III. 71		238
1679	Oct.	8	C		I. 55		39
					I. 82		66
					III. 71		238
1680550	Feb.	2	C		I. 82		67
1680550	Feb.	2	C		III. 71		239
1680551	Feb.	9	O		III. 72		239
1681552			O		III. 27		196
1681	July	12	C		I. 82		68
1681	July	12	C		III. 73		242
1681	July	26	O		III. 72		240
1681	July	28	O		III. 73		241
1681	Aug.	9	C		I. 82		68
1681	Aug.	9	C		III. 74		242
1681	Aug.	9	O		I. 82		68
1681	[Sept.553]		C		I. 82		68
1681	[Sept.553]		C		III. 74		242
1681	Nov.	7	C		I. 83		68
1681	Nov.	7	C		III. 74		242
1681	Dec.	13	C		I. 83		69
1681	Dec.	13	C		III. 74		243
1682554	Jan.	5	C		I. 83		69
1682554	Jan.	5	C		III. 74		243
1682	March	27	C		I. 83		70
1682	March	27	C		III. 75		244
1682	April	10	C		I. 84		70
1682	April	10	C		III. 75		244
1682	May	4	C		I. 84		71
1682	May	4	C		III. 78		247
1682	Aug.	31555	C		I. 84		72
1682	Aug.	31555	C		III. 78		248
1683	Jan.	10	C		I. 84		72
1683	Jan.	10	C		III. 78		248
1683	March	5	C		III. 81		250
1683	March	22	C		I. 85		72
1683	March	22	C		III. 78		248
1683	Dec.	5	C		I. 89		74
1683	Dec.	5	C		III. 84		253
1684556	Jan.	3	O		III. 85		254
1684	March	17	C		I. 89		75
1684	March	17	C		III. 85		254
1684	July	1	O		I. 93		76
1684	July	1	O		III. 85		255
1684	July	21	C		I. 93		77
1684	July	21	C		III. 86		256
1684	Sept.		O		III. 86		256
1684	Oct.	1	C		I. 93		77
1684	Oct.	1	C		III. 86		257
1684	Oct.	14	O		III. 86		257
1684	Oct.	16	C		I. 93		77
1684	Oct.	16	C		III. 86		257
1684	Oct.	30	C		I. 93		77
1684	Oct.	30	C		III. 86		257
1685	March	2	C		I. 93		77
1685	March	2	C		III. 86		257
1685	March	23	C		I. 93		77
					I. 94		78
					III. 86		258
1685	May	4	C		I. 94		78
1685	May	4	C		III. 86		258
1685	June	11	O		I. 94		78
1685	June	11	O		III. 86		258
1685	July	2	C		I. 95		79
1685	July	2	C		III. 86		258
1685	Sept.	8			I. 94		79
1685	Sept.	15	C		I. 95		79
1685	Sept.	15	C		III. 86		258
1685	Nov.	25	C		I. 95		80
1685	Nov.	25	C		III. 86		259
1686	April	12	C		I. 96		80
1686	April	12	C		III. 88		262
1686	April	25	C		I. 96		80
1686	April	25	C		III. 88		262
1686	July	8	C		I. 96		81
1686	July	8	C		III. 88		262
1686	July	23	P		IV. 352		827
1686	Oct.	1	R		IV. 352		828
1687	March	8	R		I. 97		81
1687	March	8	R		IV. 352		828
1687	April	22	R		I. 97		81
1687	April	22	R		IV. 352		828
1690	June	2	C		IV. 352		828
1690	June	12	O		IV. 352		828
1690	June	16	C		IV. 352		829
1690	Aug.	19	C		IV. 351		829
1691	April	20	C		IV. 351		830
1691	Aug.	24	C		IV. 351		831
1691	Dec.	24	C		IV. 350		832
1692–1750557			C		IV. 5–316		339–823
1708	Jan.	14	O		IV. 30		381
1712	Jan.	17	O		IV. 41		399
1712	June	17			IV. 43		402
1712	July	2	O		IV. 43		402
1712	July	9	O		IV. 44		403
1712	July	25	O		IV. 44		404
1712	Sept.	20			IV. 45		406
1712	Nov.	5	O		IV. 45		406
1714	July	7	O		IV. 53		422
1714	Oct.	7	O		IV. 54		424
1714	Dec.	11			IV. 54		425
1716	April	16	O		IV. 59		434
1717	Nov.	14	O		IV. 61		439
1720	June	23	O		IV. 67		450
1720	Nov.	22	O		IV. 68		453
1727	Sept.	14	O		IV. 125		556
1734	Sept.	24	C		I. 206		155
1734	Sept.	24	O		I. 206		155
1735	Sept.	30	C		I. 206		155
1735	Sept.	30	C		IV. 184		639
1735	Sept.	30	O		I. 206		155
1735	Sept.	30	O		IV.184 m		640 m

Albert Matthews

Boston, December 1, 1924

1 An Analysis of the Early Records of Harvard College, 1636–1750 (Library of Harvard University, Bibliographical Contributions, No. 50, 1895). In 1888 Mr. Davis compiled A Few Notes on the Records of Harvard College (id., No. 27).

2 An instance, where “synopsis of arts” was deprived of meaning by being printed “synopsis of acts,” is given in our Publications, xviii. 318 note. Cf. pp. lix note 2, lxxi note 3, below.

3 That is, the main material, which ends with 1750: but occasional entries of a later period are found.

4 That these six Books were so numbered by Wadsworth is proved negatively by the fact that until his day they were always cited by title, and positively by the fact that the numbers to the five Books extant (College Book II having been destroyed in 1764: see p. xviii, below) are in Wadsworth’s handwriting.

5 The following pages are blank: 2, 4, 7, 8, 12, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 29, 32, 36, 38, 40, 42, 47, 48, 54, 56, 58, 62, 71–74, 86–88, 90, 92, 100, 134–163, 167–181, 207–249, 251–258, 265–267, 269–271, 273–353.

6 Pp. 82–129, below. The names in this list are not included in the index to the present volumes.

7 See Sibley’s note, p. 171 note 2, below.

8 This fact makes cross references difficult to identify.

9 Still another series was begun on page 182 of A, but as it was continued through three pages only, it need not be included in the collation: see p. 134 note 2, below.

10 This page was by mistake numbered “83,” then that figure was crossed out and “79” written above it, the top of the leaf having been trimmed off.

11 At this point President Wadsworth apparently made a mistake, for he numbered this page not “199” but “203,” thus dropping out four figures.

12 At this point President Wadsworth again apparently made an error, as he numbered this page “223” instead of “219,” thus once more dropping out four figures.

13 At this point President Wadsworth stopped his notation, and thereafter no page is numbered, except in Mr. Davis’s notation.

14 For these references, see the index to the present volumes.

15 History of Harvard University, i. 449. In one place an unfortunate misprint occurs in Quincy’s History, where (i. 451) College Book IV is called “College Book No. VI.”

16 Quincy says that Donation Book I was “prepared under the care of the Rev. Andrew Eliot, then a member of the Corporation” (History, i. 494). There were two Andrew Eliots, both at that time members of the Corporation: the Rev. Dr. Andrew Eliot (1737), and his son the Rev. Andrew Eliot (1762). It was the former who prepared Donation Book I. See p. lxix note, below.

17 Written over “and,” crossed out.

18 This is an autograph signature. Among the College archives is a volume (marked UA. 13.10) labelled on the back of the cover: “Benefactors of Harvard College.” Presumably this was the book prepared by Dr. Eliot himself, and later copied into Donation Book I by his son Josiah Eliot: see p. lxix note, below.

19 An account of the fire, taken from the Boston News Letter of February 2, 1764, is reprinted in Quincy’s History, ii. 480–483. Another account, written January 30 by Margaret Mascarene, a daughter of President Holyoke, to her husband John Mascarene in London, is printed in full in the Harvard Register (1881), iii. 294–297, and in part in our Publications, xiv. 3 note 5.

20 See Sibley’s note, p. 171 note 2, below.

21 This Index consists of 28 unnumbered pages, measuring 6⅛ inches in width by 14 in height. On the recto of the first leaf is written “Index” in the hand of President Wadsworth. The name of the compiler is nowhere given, but President Wadsworth’s peculiarly characteristic handwriting is unmistakable. There are, however, a few additions (perhaps thirty) in the hand of President Holyoke.

Owing to interlineations, erasures, the occasional omission of carets, and the underscoring of many words, the Index presents some difficulties. In most cases, only the references to College Book II are extracted here, but in a few instances references to other Books are included.

The two following entries occur in the Index under “E” and “P,” respectively:

M^r Nath^l Eaton, chosen President or Professor. 1637. Put down by y^e Court for severe usage of y^e scholars. 1639. B.3.p.2.3.
M^r Nath^l Eaton chosen President or Professor of y^e Coll. An. 1637. B.3.p.2.

22 The words “(see B.1.p.63.)” are interlined.

23 Here “once” is crossed out.

24 The words “sometimes B.2.p.26.29.31.” are interlined.

25 The words “commanded (An. 1674. B.1.p.51)” are interlined.

26 The words “to y^e steward. B.2.p.4.” are interlined.

27 The word “first” is interlined.

28 This entry appears to throw light on the obscure matter of the change in the course of study from three years to four years: see Mr. William C. Lane’s article on “Harvard Broadsides,” in Proceedings American Antiquarian Society, October, 1914, xxiv. 275–279; and cf. our Publications, xviii. 324–325.

29 The words “as Com̄. placing, disputing, declaiming” are interlined.

30 The words “See B.5.4to.p.34.53 &c.” are interlined. See p.xxix note 2, below.

31 The words “B.3.p.27.” are interlined.”

32 The words “See. p. 57. Webb’s case.” are interlined.

33 The words “B.3.p.54.” are interlined.

34 The words “Latin. p. 19.” are interlined.

35 “&.37” is interlined.

36 The “3” in “23” is not certain, as the figure has been trimmed off.

37 The words “B.3.p.19–22–25.36.” are interlined.

38 The words “Book 1. 138.” are interlined in the hand of President Holyoke.

39 The words “House &” are interlined.

40 The words “B.4.p.5.” are interlined.

41 The words “B.2.p.48.” are interlined.

42 The words “house repair’d. 33.” are interlined.

43 The words “may punish” are interlined.

44 The same entry was made lower down on the page and then crossed out.

45 The words “(An. 1654. B.2.p.3)” are interlined.

46 Altered from “house.”

47 The words “B.4.p.85” are interlined. This reference is to the President’s House (p. 485, below).

48 The words “repair’d B.2.p.33.35.48.” are interlined.

49 The words “(An. 1654. wt. B.2.p.19)” are interlined.

50 The words “B.3.p.64.” are interlined.

51 The words “wt there was. 1674. p. 53” are interlined.

52 The words “& House & Land rent-free” are interlined.

53 In the original the entries under Q are placed after Z.

54 Written above “gift,” crossed out.

55 The blank pages are 38, 89, 132–136, 159, 167.

56 Danforth made two errors. After correctly numbering 39 pages, he inadvertently numbered the next page 30 instead of 40; and he numbered two pages 47. Hence his numbers after the first 39 should have been not 30–77, but 40–88.

57 Wadsworth altered Danforth’s 30–77 to 40–87, but failed to note Danforth’s error in assigning the number 47 to two pages. Hence Wadsworth’s numbers after the first 57 should have been not 57–120, but 58–121.

58 Holyoke failed to notice Wadsworth’s error of one page, and so inserted numbers 121–124 instead of 122–125.

59 As the first 57 pages were correctly numbered by Wadsworth, Mr. Davis’s figures in pencil begin at page 58 and are given within square brackets in the text of this volume.

60 To this point, Wadsworth’s notation is given within square brackets in the text of this volume.

61 See the last note but one.

62 Here Danforth’s numbering ends.

63 Here Wadsworth’s numbering ends.

64 Here Holyoke’s numbering ends.

65 The blank pages are 4, 321–326, 331.

66 Cf. p. 335 note 1, below.

67 Not May 20, 1686, as given in the Massachusetts Colony Records, v. 517: see our Publications, vi. 81–82.

68 Council Records, ii. 52–53: cf. 2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xiii. 257. One item relating to the College, as it is not entered in College Book IV, may be given from another source: “At a Meeting of the Councill at Cambridge in New England July 23^rd 1686. [Present those mentioned in the text and in addition Bartholomew Gedney.] Ordered. That . . . Major Richards, M^r Simon Lynd and Captⁿ Hammond appointed a Committee to examine the accounts of M^r Danforth as Steward of the Colledge” (Council Records, ii. 58: cf. 2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xiii. 260).

69 Pp. 827–828, below. In a letter dated March 29, 1688, Randolph said: “(during my absence to serue a Quo Warr^to ag^t the Colony of Connecticott, M^r Dudley Presid^t M^r Stoughton Dep^ty presid^t with 5 of the Members of the Council take vpon them the Regulation of the Colledge (but no Order or direction from his Ma^tie for so doing) and in stead of a President and ffellowes make a Rector and Tutors: as by the Inclosed pretended order of Presid^t and Councill doth appeare: so that now Increase Mather: to that day President of the Colledge was continued but by the name and office of Rector” (in Toppan’s Edward Randolph, Prince Society, vi. 245). May not the change in title have been made merely to distinguish the head of the College from the head of the civil government, the latter then being “President of the Council for New England”? Dr. William Douglass made a similar suggestion: “When Mr. Dudley was President of New England, for distinction the President of the college was called Rector” (Summary, 1749, i. 546 note).

70 Pp. 828–832, below.

71 P. 828, below.

72 Pp. 828–832, below.

73 Cf. our Publications, vi. 81–82, xvii. 4, 5, 7, 14, 28, 44.

74 The only allusion to Andros in the records here printed, except a casual one, is to the effect that the “substance” of a certain donation account was delivered to him: see p. 256, below. Unfortunately, owing to the fact that the bottom of the page has been trimmed off, it is impossible to decipher the date; but this was doubtless between August 1 and 5, 1687: see our Publications, i. 206, and a letter from Randolph dated August 5, 1687, in which he says: “his Excellence calls to account the Managers of the publick money of the Colledge and finds M^r Stoughton and M^r Dudley haue lately altered the Security of some [of] it and made about 100^lb payable to them and their heires you may see what Justice his Ma^tie may expect from such Judges” (in Toppan’s Edward Randolph, Prince Society, vi. 225). The only allusions to Harvard College in the Dudley Records (2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xiii. 226–286) are those quoted in the text or footnote on p. xxv, above. The Andros Records (Proceedings American Antiquarian Society, 1899, xiii. 239–268) contain no allusions to Harvard College. For Randolph’s activities in regard to the College, see Toppan’s Edward Randolph, i. 71–72, 222–223, 225, 293, 297, 302, 307, iii. 290, iv. 90, 95, 96, vi. 29–30, 225, 244–247.

75 The Corporation meetings after September 5, 1750, are recorded in College Book VII, showing that President Holyoke respected his predecessor’s numberings of College Books I–VI.

76 While Treasurer, Hancock had sent to him in Philadelphia “all his books and papers” (Quincy, History, ii. 182–209). The papers were returned to the College, but at least three of the books remained in Hancock’s possession and were not restored to the College until 1860–1862, when they were found in the stable of the Hancock mansion in Boston. These were Treasurer Richards’s Book (1669–1693), Treasurer Brattle’s Book (1693–1713), and Treasurer Hutchinson’s Book (1721–1752). See Sibley’s account of Treasurer Richards’s Book and Treasurer Brattle’s Book, and description of with extracts from the volumes, in 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society (1862), vi. 337–354. The Brattle Book is fairly well preserved, but not so the Richards Book, which it is to be regretted was not copied in full by Sibley, for some of the entries he did copy cannot now, though the volume has been mercerized, be deciphered in the original.

In 1860 Steward Chesholme’s Account Book (1650–1659), and five similar books (1703–1749) kept by the two Andrew Bordmans who were Stewards in 1703–1747 and 1747–1750 respectively, were returned to the College: see 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, v. 60–63, 154–158.

77 “Notes on the Harvard College Records, 1636–1800,” in our Publications, xiv. 314 note 1.

78 Leverett died May 3, 1724. The fact that Wadsworth called the Diary College Book V in Quarto indicates both that he regarded it as a book of College records, as it was, and that the Diary was in his time in the possession of the College, as it ought to have been. By “the late Doctor Wigglesworth” is doubtless meant the Rev. Dr. Edward Wigglesworth, who graduated in 1749 and died in 1794. He was the son of the Rev. Dr. Edward Wigglesworth (1710), who married Sarah Leverett, a daughter of President Leverett. Presumably at some time, perhaps on the death of Wadsworth or later, the Diary was claimed by Dr. Wigglesworth or his widow or his son, and was allowed by the College to fall into private hands.

79 The discovery that College Book V in Quarto and Leverett’s Diary were identical enables the Editor to correct several errors into which President Wadsworth inadvertently fell. In several cross references in the margins of College Book IV, he wrote “Book V” by mistake for “Book V in 4to.” The same blunder was committed by Wadsworth in his Index, where appear several entries relating to College Book V and to Leverett’s Diary. The text of these volumes was cast before this identification had been made, and hence several footnotes need correction. The references at p. 449 note 3, p. 836 note 1, p. 838 notes 1, 4, 5, and p. 839 notes 2, 5, below, are all to Leverett’s Diary. When Wadsworth wrote “B.5.p.99” (p. 832, below) and “See Coll. B.5.p.15” (p. 838, below), he ought to have written “B.5. 4to. p. 99” and “See Coll. B.5. 4to. p. 15,” as both references are to Leverett’s Diary.

80 Why the words “in Folio” should have been added does not appear, for so far as is known there was no College Book VI in Quarto. It is possible that Wadsworth regarded his own Diary or the Hopkins Book as College Book VI in Quarto, but there is nothing to indicate that he did.

81 See p. 547, below.

82 The statements made in this Introduction differ in a few trifling instances from the descriptions given in our Publications, xiv. 312–318. For other volumes, see the index under the entry “College records.”

83 Thus the 1885 Quinquennial says, under date of 1642: “Inspectores primum creabantur” (p. iv), and “Inspectores Creati aunt 1642” (p. x). This, or a similar statement, was repeated in the Quinquennials down to and including that of 1910 (p. 6). The more correct statement found in the 1915 Quinquennial, where the entry under 1642 reads “An act reorganizing the Overseers of Harvard College” (p. 4), was due to Mr. Gay’s representations: see our Publications, xvii. 125, xviii. 320 note 4; Harvard Alumni Bulletin, May 26, 1915, xvii. 612–613. But there was still no mention in that place of the earlier act. At the suggestion of the present Editor, there was inserted in the 1920 Quinquennial under the year 1637 the entry: “An act creating the Overseers of Harvard College” (p. 4). A section on “The Government of the University” first appeared in the Harvard University Catalogue for 1872–73, where it was stated (p. 9) that the Board of Overseers was “established” by the act of 1642; and the same statement still appears in the same section (now called “History and Government” of the University) in the Harvard University Catalogue for 1924–25 (p. xvii).

Apparently some years went by before the word “Overseers” became established. The word “inspectoribus” is found on the 1642 Theses (New Englands First Fruits, p. 18), and the word “Overseers” occurs in 1642 in the act of that year (Massachusetts Colony Records, ii. 30) and in 1643 in New Englands First Fruits (p. 13); but the first recorded meeting of the Board, on December 27, 1643, was called a “meeting of the Governours of Harvard Colledge” (p. 16, below).

84 Massachusetts Colony Records, i. 183, 208, 217. Cf. p. lxvii, below.

85 New Englands First Fruits (1643), p. 18.

86 Massachusetts Colony Records, ii. 30.

87 The word “magistrates” appears to have included the Governors, Deputy-Governors, and Assistants from 1630 to 1686 and from 1689 to 1692; the President, Deputy-President, and Councillors in 1686; and the Governors, Lieutenant-Governors, and Councillors from 1686 to 1689 and from 1692 to 1775. The Secretaries and the Treasurers were apparently not regarded as “magistrates.”

88 Id. ii. 30. The order (but not the preamble) was entered in the College records: see pp. 42–43, 173–174, below. The order (together with the preamble) was printed in the Book of the General Lawes and Libertyes, 1660, p. 18, and in the General Laws and Liberties, 1672, pp. 29–30. On at least one occasion the Court appointed as Overseers persons who were not teaching elders of the “sixe next adioyning townes;” for on October 18, 1654,—

Whereas diners elders who were ouerseers of the colledg are taken from vs, some by death, and others gonne for England, so that there is at this tyme great need of the help of some other elders to supply theire places, the Courte doth order, that M^r John Allin, pastor of Dedham, M^r John Norton, who now is teacher at Boston, M^r Samuell Whiting, and M^r Thomas Cobbett, pastor and teacher at Lynn, shallbe ouerseers of the colledge, to joyne with the rest of the ouerseers for the ordering and disposing of such things as are requisite for the good and welfare thereof (Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. iv. pt. i. p. 204: cf. our Publications, xxi. 167 note 3).

89 See p. xxv, above.

90 No meeting of any sort is recorded between April 22, 1687, and June 2, 1690.

91 P. 828, below. The Overseers’ meeting of June 12, 1690, was not entered in the College records,—at least, not in those extant; but under that date Sewall gives a little more information: “After Lecture there is a Meeting of the Overseers of the Colledge: the Fellows are ap̄ointed to hold the Comm̄encement. Mr. Nathaniel Gookin, and Mr. Cotton Mather were chosen Fellows, i.e. the Choice of the Corporation was confirmed” (Diary, i. 322).

92 Quincy, History, i. 602; cf. Massachusetts Province Laws, i. 290.

93 Massachusetts Province Laws, vii. 260; cf. Quincy, History, i. 610.

94 P. 563, below. The attempt was renewed by Cutler in 1730, but with equal unsuccess: see Quincy, History, i. 365–376, 560–574.

95 The Charter of 1650 is printed on pp. 40–42, 181–183, below; Massachusetts Colony Records, iii. 195–196, vol. iv. pt. i. pp. 13–14; Peirce, history, Appendix, pp. 11–13; Quincy, History, i. 589–591; Harvard University Catalogue, 1924–25, pp. xix–xxi; our Publications, xxi. 395–400. The Charter of 1650 was not printed in the two volumes of General Laws and Liberties published in 1660 and in 1672.

96 The term “Bursar,” though employed as a synonym for Treasurer in the Charter, was never used until 1874, when it was revived in a different sense.

97 In these lists the names of the Fellows are, for convenience, given in alphabetical order.

98 It is printed in Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. iv. pt. i. p. 315; Peirce, History, Appendix, p. 14; Quincy, History, i. 591–592; Harvard University Catalogue, 1924–25, pp. xxi–xxii. It is also found in Leverett’s Diary, copied by himself.

99 The Charter of 1672 is printed in Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. iv. pt. ii. pp. 535–537; Quincy, History, i. 592–594; our Publications, xxi. 395–402.

100 See the Editor’s paper on “The Harvard College Charter of 1672,” in our Publications, xxi. 363–402.

101 Samuel Danforth graduated in 1643; was a Tutor from about 1644 to about 1649; was named a Fellow in the Charter of 1650; was ordained pastor of the church at Roxbury September 24, 1650; ceased to be a Fellow about 1654; and in 1668 his name again appears in the list of Fellows, though there is no record of his election. In the Charter of 1672 he is called “M^r Samuell Danforth fellow of y^e said Colledge,” a term not applied to Oakes, Shepard, Browne, or Richardson. Presumably, therefore, Danforth was a Fellow early in 1672.

102 Pp. 494–495, below. The passage is printed in Quincy’s History, i. 551. Hence when Quincy, referring to the Charter of 1672, stated (i. 32) that “nor is any notice taken of it in those records,” he overlooked a document printed by himself.

103 History of Massachusetts, i. 171. What Hutchinson meant when he said that “some addition was made to the number of the corporation,” was not that the total number of the Corporation was made more than seven by the charter, but merely that the charter filled the vacancies that had occurred and brought the Corporation up to its full complement of seven.

104 See p. xxv, above. Though the Colony Charter was vacated in 1684, yet the Colony was governed under it until the inauguration of Dudley as President on May 25, 1686.

105 P. 828, below. The four members present on June 2, 1690, were Treasurer Richards, Nehemiah Hobart, John Leverett, and William Brattle, all of whom were apparently members of the Corporation previous to July 23, 1686.

106 For a list of those present at these meetings, see p. cxlviii, below.

107 Mather left Boston in April, 1688, and did not get back until May 14, 1692: see Andros Tracts (Prince Society), iii. 130, 182.

108 Robert Thorner: see pp. 832–833, below; 4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, viii. 677–678. In one place Quincy (History, i. 231) inadvertently calls him “Sir” Robert Thorner.

109 Harvard College is not mentioned by name in the Province Charter, but all lands, tenements, hereditaments, and all other estates formerly granted to “any person or persons or Bodyes Politique or Corporate Townes Villages Colledges or Schooles,” were confirmed: see our Publications, ii. 17.

110 A Brief Account concerning Several of the Agents of New-England, their Negotiation at the Court of England, etc., in Andros Tracts, ii. 295–296. Cf. iii. 138–139, 142.

111 The title “Rector” was first used July 23, 1686, and, as already stated (p. xxvi note 1, above), was doubtless chosen to distinguish the head of the College from the head of the civil government. It may be doubted whether the title was in actual use after the overthrow of Andros on April 18, 1689. As stated in the text (p. xxxiv, above), the Corporation and Overseers were revived, and meetings of the former were held from June 2, 1690, to December 24, 1691. As Mather was then in England, of course he was not present at those meetings, nor is he mentioned in any of them; but if he had been, presumably he would have been called “President.” While in England he was called both “Rector” and “President:” see Andros Tracts, ii. 7, 17, iii. 139 note, 146 note.

112 Council Records, ii. 177.

113 It is printed on pp. 335–338, below; Massachusetts Province Laws, i. 38–39; Quincy, History, i. 594–596. The original draught is in Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 140–142. It was not printed in the Acts and Laws of Their Majesties Province of the Massachusets-Bay, published in 1692. The 1920 Quinquennial, following previous editions, states that the Charter “was neither approved by the King nor accepted by the College” (p. 13). The former assertion is correct; the latter, incorrect.

This charter apparently passed with little discussion. Sewall does not mention it in his Diary; it is not alluded to in the Council Records; and the only reference to it in the Court Records (vi. 234) is as follows, under date of June 27, 1692:

A Bill for incorporating Harvard Colledge in Cambridge sent up, and past by the representatives, having been read on several Day’s, and now again read with the Amendments, is Ordered to be engrost, and passed into an Act

And is Consented unto

William Phips

114 In a petition undated, but assigned by the Rev. Thomas Prince to June 1, 1688, Increase Mather said:

At the time when the Civil Government was changed, the Colledge was (nor is it that wee know of, as yet put into other hands) under the Inspection of Increase Mather as President, John Sherman, Nehemiah Hubbard, John Cotton, John Leverett, William Brattle, as Fellows, and John Richards as Treasurer (Andros Tracts, iii. 138 note).

This statement is correct, with the exception of John Sherman, who had died August 8, 1685. Nathaniel Gookin and Cotton Mather were elected Fellows on June 2, 1690. Hence the persons named in the Charter of 1692 were those who were members of the Corporation in 1691 with the addition of James Allen, Nehemiah Walter, and Samuel Willard. Why the number of Fellows was increased from five to eight does not appear. Two of the eight Fellows—John Leverett and William Brattle—had been Tutors since 1685 and continued to be Tutors until 1697.

115 “Hobart” and “Hubbard” are variants of the same name, and both forms are found in the records here printed and elsewhere. In Mather’s petition, quoted in the previous note, the form is “Hubbard.” A footnote on that name reads: “The person intended was undoubtedly William Hubbard” (Mather Papers, p. 114; repeated in Andros Tracts, iii. 139 note). The person intended was not William Hubbard, who was never a Fellow at any time, but Nehemiah Hobart.

116 “The ancient record says, ‘Mr. Nathanial Gookin, our pastor, departed this life 7 day of August 1692, being the Sabbath day at night” (L. R. Paige, History of Cambridge, pp. 279, 565). But Sewall heard “the amazing News of the Revd. Mr. Nathan^l Gookin’s being dead” on August 15, and attended his funeral on the 16th (Diary, i. 363).

117 Sewall, Diary, i. 429; Council Records, ii. 403. On March 29, 1695, the Lords of Trade and Plantations agreed to recommend that “the Act for incorporating Harvard College be disallowed, and that the Attorney-General prepare a new clause” to it; on June 4, 1695, the Lords agreed to recommend that the Act be repealed, “since it reserves no power to the King to appoint a visitor, which power should be reserved to the King and to the Governor;” and on August 22, 1695, the Act was disallowed by the Privy Council, the reasons being given in a letter dated December 26: see Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1693–1696, pp. 452, 497–498; Acts of the Privy Council, Colonial Series, 1680–1720, p. 841; Province Laws, i. 39 note.

118 P. 355, below. On the same day (October 12) Sewall wrote:

L^t Governour goes to Cambridge, Mr. Secretary, Major Wally and I goe to Dorchester and wait on his Honour from thence; Mr. Cook, Mr. Hutchinson, Foster, Russel, Lynde there: Mr. Williams made an Oration (M^r Pemberton should have done it but was prevented by his fathers death). L^t Gov^r complemented the Pressedent &c., for all the respect to him, acknowldg’d his obligation and promis’d his Interposition for them as became such an Alumnus to such an Alma Mater: directed and desired the Presd^t and fellows to go on; directed and enjoined the students to obedience (Diary, i. 435).

119 Pp. 355–356, below. For a list of those present at the meetings from July 26, 1692, to November 9, 1696, see p. cxlix, below.

120 The Charter of 1696 was read or debated on September 28, October 2, November 27, 30, December 10, 14, 15, 16, and 17, on which day it was voted and approved. (Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1696–1697, pp. 158, 223, 231, 242, 254–255; Court Records, vi. 499, 501, 503.) The draught of this Charter which is in Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 157–160, was printed by Quincy (History, i. 597–599), but without indication that changes were made in it. The draught originally stated “That the said Harvard Colledge . . . shall henceforth be a Corporation consisting of Eighteen Persons, That is to say, a President, Sixteen Fellows and a Treasurer, And that shall be the first President, Charles Morton, I shall be the Sixteen Fellows and the Treasurer all of them Inhabitants in said Province, and the first Eighteen persons whereof the said Corporation shall consist.” Later, the word “Eighteen” was altered to “Sixteen,” and the word “Sixteen” was altered to “Fourteen.” The names of the members of the Corporation, except that of Morton, were never inserted in the draught, but pasted to the last (fourth) page of the draught is a slip of paper containing the following:

M^r Incr: Mather Presid^t	M^r Cotton Mather
M^r Cha: Morton, Vice P.	M^r John Leverett	Angier
M^r Mich^a Wigglesworth	M^r W^m Brattle	White
M^r James Allen	M^r Neh: Walter
M^r Sam: Torrey	M^r Paul Dudley
M^r Sam: Willard	M^r Benj. Wadsworth
M^r Neh: Hobart	M^r Thomas Brattle Treasur^r
M^r Pe: Thacher	Voted and approved of
M^r Jn^o Danforth	Dec^r 17^th

It will be observed that Morton is called “Vice P.,” yet in the draught itself Morton’s name is inserted as one of the Fellows and there is no provision for a Vice President. Quincy omits the names of Angier and White, who presumably would have been Fellows had the Corporation consisted, as originally intended, of sixteen Fellows. It is impossible to tell precisely what was intended in this draught, so that, though the above names (except those of Angier and White) are inserted in the list on pp lxiv–lxvi, below, caution should be exercised.

121 Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 161. Sewall writes: “About Dec^r 18, Mr. Mather, Allen, Willard, C. Mather give in a paper subscribed by them, shewing their dislike of our draught for the Colledge Charter, and desiring that their Names might not be entered therein. One chief reason was their apointing the Gov^r and Council for Visitor” (Diary, i. 441). The paper printed in the text, though without date, is evidently the one mentioned by Sewall. It is wholly in the hand of Cotton Mather, except the signatures, which are autograph.

122 See pp. xliii–xliv, above.

123 See Stoughton’s order of October 12, 1696, p. xlii, above.

124 Altered from “now therefore.”

125 Colman Papers, in Massachusetts Historical Society. This letter, including, the initials at the end, is wholly in the hand of Leverett.

126 The steps leading to the adoption of this Charter were as follows. On December 19, 1696, the General Court was prorogued to March 17, 1697, and on March 19 “The Bill for Incorporating Harvard College in Cambridge left unperfected, At the last Session was now read, and Debated,” and was again read and debated on March 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31, on which day the Court was dissolved. The new Court met May 26, the Charter was read May 29, 31, June 1, 2, and was passed into an Act on June 4. (Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1696–1697, pp. 402, 406, 494, 495; Court Records, vi. 510, 514, 520, 526, 528.)

The Charter of 1697 is printed in Massachusetts Province Laws, i. 288–290; Quincy, History, i. 599–602. The original draught is in Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 162–167. It was not printed in the Acts and Laws of His Majesties Province of the Massachusets-Bay, 1697.

127 It will be observed that all the Fellows under this Charter were non-resident. Thus Tutors were excluded from the Corporation, though under previous charters at least two and sometimes more Tutors had been members of the Corporation. It will also be observed that among the Fellows were three who were not clergymen—Paul Dudley, John Leverett (who had recently ceased to be a Tutor), and John White. Under the Charter of 1692 all the Fellows had been clergymen except the two Tutors, John Leverett and William Brattle.

128 For a list of those present at the meetings, see p. cl, below. On November 23, 1698, the Corporation presented the following petition (Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 179):

To the Honourable y^e Lieu^t Govern^r, Council, & Representatives, in Gen^ll Court Assembled. . . .

In as much as the Condition of Harvard Colledge, doth render it very necessary, that some further provision be made for y^e wellfare thereof; It is humbly proposed unto this Hon^ble Assembly, that in case y^e Corporation of the said Colledge can prevail with any fit person to accept of the place of a Vice President, & remove unto y^e Colledge, & there perform y^e work usually attended by Presidents resident at y^e Colledge, under y^e continuall assistance & Countenance of the Rev^d President (y^e continuance of whose relation to the Colledge is on all Acco^ts needfull) & in his absence, to have the full power of the President; This Honoured Court would please to order for such a Vice President such encouragement, as may be judged agreeable, while he shall devote himself unto a Service of so much Importance.

James Allen

In the name & with the Consent of the Corporation

Boston 23. Novemb^r 1698.

This was read and debated on November 28 and December 1 (Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1697–1698, p. 565; Court Records, vi. 612, 616; Massachusetts Province Laws, vii. 608–610), but apparently no further action was taken.

129 Sewall, Diary, i. 495; Council Records, iii. 16. On November 24, 1698, the Council of Trade and Plantations wrote to the Lords Justices of England: “An Act to incorporate Harvard College was formerly repealed because no power was reserved to the King to appoint visitors, and it was intimated that the Act would be passed if a clause were added giving a power of visitation to the King and to the Governor of the Province. Now the present Act to incorporate the College vests the power of visitation in the Governor and Council, and we therefore recommend that it be repealed” (Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1697–1698, p. 563). Accordingly, on the same day the Act was disallowed by the Privy Council (Acts of the Privy Council, Colonial, 1680–1720, pp. 743–744).

130 Court Records, vii. 5–6.

131 The Charter of 1699 is printed by Quincy, History, i. 602–607, from the original draught in Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 188–190. The names of Samuel Angier and of Samuel Torrey are in one place wrongly given by Quincy (History, i. 603) as “John Angier” and “Samuel Young.” As originally draughted, the Corporation was to consist of seventeen members—a President, a Vice President, a Treasurer, and fourteen Fellows, the following persons being named for those positions:

Increase Mather President
Samuel Willard Vice President
Thomas Brattle Treasurer

James Allen	Fellows	Nicholas Noyes
Samuel Angier		Peter Thacher
William Brattle		Samuel Torrey
John Danforth		Benjamin Wadsworth
Nehemiah Hobart		Nehemiah Walter
John Leverett		John White
Cotton Mather		Michael Wigglesworth

As thus draughted, the bill passed the House on July 8; was read in Council July 11; was read again in Council July 12 and committed to a committee of the whole board; and was amended and passed July 13. By the amendments agreed to on July 13 the Treasurer was left out of the Corporation, which was to consist of a President, a Vice President, and fifteen Fellows. (Court Records, vii. 31–33, 37–39; Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1699, pp. 340, 350; Massachusetts Province Laws, i. 308.) Of the fifteen Fellows, thirteen are named in the Charter, and in addition “the two senior Tutors residing at the College for the time being:” these were Ebenezer Pemberton and Jabez Fitch (whose names are here printed in italics). The persons named are as follows:

Increase Mather President
Samuel Willard Vice President

Isaac Addington	Fellows	Ebenezer Pemberton
James Allen		Samuel Sewall
William Brattle		William Stoughton
Elisha Cooke		Samuel Torrey
John Danforth		Nehemiah Walter
Jabez Fitch		Michael Wigglesworth
Nehemiah Hobart		Wait Winthrop
Cotton Mather

132 Court Records, vii. 37–38.

133 Council Records, iii. 48; Massachusetts Province Laws, vii. 228. Cf. Sewall, Diary, i. 500.

134 There is no record of a Corporation meeting between December 5, 1698, and August 7, 1699. For a list of those present at the meetings from July 13, 1697, to May 6, 1700, see p. cl, below.

In a letter to Isaac Addington dated Cambridge, August 10 (Thursday), 1699, John Leverett wrote:

. . . I have not been at Boston since my returne, . . . But I did not Intend to trouble you with this Sort of Intelligence. Nor Indeed have I any thing proper to Send to your hono^r unless it be A Short Acc^t of An Ellection made at Colledge the last munday. As Soon as I got home I was Informed that the R. Reverend President held a Corporation at the Colledge the 7^th Instant that the s^d Corporation after the publication of the New Settlem^t Made Choice of M^r fflint to be one of the Tuto^rs at Colledge they have taken off from M^r Pemberton Salary 10^l ꝑ Ann̄ and have Curtailed and dock’d M^r ffitch of £15. and of a Classis with w^ch they have patcht up A pension for a third ffellow. I have not the late Act for Incorporating y^e Colledge At hand nor have I Seen the new Temporary Settlem^t But I ꝑceive that all the Members of the late Corporation were not notified to be at the Meeting. I can’t say how legall these late proceedings are, but I must say It is wonderfull that An Establishm^t for So Short a time as till Octob^r next should be made use of So Soon as to Introduce an unnecessary Addition to that Society. (Copied from the original letter in the Colman Papers in the Massachusetts Historical Society.)

Quincy, remarking that “there is no account” of the temporary settlement, “either in the College records, or in those of the General Court,” quotes the above letter and makes the following comment:

The language of Leverett indicates, that he was not a member of the Corporation under this new settlement; which is also to be gathered not only from his exclusion from the former bill, but also from his name not appearing on the records of the Corporation among those present at that meeting (History, i. 103–104, 500–501).

Leverett’s language does not justify the conclusions drawn from it by Quincy. By “the late Corporation,” Leverett clearly meant the Corporation under the Charter of 1697 and not, as Quincy appears to think, the Corporation as constituted under the proposed Charter of 1699. Nor is there a word in Leverett’s letter to indicate either that he himself was not summoned to the meeting of August 7 or that he did not regard himself as then a member of the Corporation. The fact that he was not present on August 7 is adequately accounted for by his absence from Cambridge at that time. By “so short a time as October next,” Leverett referred to the next meeting of the Legislature, which had been prorogued on July 20 to October 11. Leverett wrote in a fit of pique, and admits that he had not “seen the new temporary settlement”—a settlement practically identical with the one made by Stoughton on October 12, 1696 (see p. xlii, above). That the settlement of July 25, 1699, escaped Quincy was due to the fact that copies of the Council Records for that year were not at the State House in his day.

An examination of those present at the meetings from July 13, 1697, to May 6, 1700 (see p. cl, below), shows that Paul Dudley did not attend a single meeting; that the only meeting at which Michael Wigglesworth was present was that of August 7, 1699; that Benjamin Wadsworth and John White, both of whom were present on August 7, 1699, were not Fellows under the proposed Charter of 1699 (as amended); and that Leverett himself, who also was not a Fellow under the proposed Charter of 1699 (as amended), attended the meeting of May 6, 1700.

In the above letter Leverett speaks of the election on August 7, 1699, of a third Tutor (Henry Flynt) as “an unnecessary addition.” Except for brief periods previous to about 1676 there had apparently never been more than two Tutors until 1699. Yet there is a curious entry on November 15, 1697, when it was stated that “M^r Iohn White, m^r Ebenezer Pemberton and m^r Iabez Fitch were chosen to be Tuto^rs,” though at the very next meeting on March 3, 1698, Pemberton and Fitch were called “the present Tutors” (pp. 357, 358, below). Now John White was a Fellow under the Charter of 1697 and was present at the meeting of November 15, 1697, and there is no further allusion to him as a Tutor. It would seem as if the inclusion of his name was a clerical error. At all events, there were only two Tutors between 1685 and 1699.

135 Court Records, vii. 64.

136 Court Records, vii. 73–74.

137 The Charter of 1700 is printed in Massachusetts Province Laws, vii. 257–260; Quincy, History, i. 607–610. The original draught is in Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 201–208. For the steps leading to its adoption, see Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1700, pp. 293, 329, 387, 388, 399, 409, 412, 414, 418–419, 420; Massachusetts Province Laws, vii. 245, 252–253, 636, 642, 643, 644, 651, 652; Court Records, vii. 127, 129, 130, 133, 134, 135.

It is important to bear in mind that, unlike the Charters of 1692 and 1697 the Charter of 1700 was not a regular Act of incorporation, but merely a draught of a charter that, it was hoped, would be granted by the King. This is clearly indicated by the preamble, which reads: “Draught of a Charter of Incorporation for Harvard Colledge at Cambridge in New-England, agreed by the Council and House of Representatives of his Maj^tie’s Province of the Massachusetts Bay, to be humbly Sollicited for to his Maj’ty” (Province Laws, vii. 257). Hence in the order of the King’s Council of June 12, 1701, confirming the Acts passed at the May session, 1700, there is naturally no mention of this Charter: see Massachusetts Archives, xx. 47–48, lxvii. 226–227, lxx. 535–536.

138 The name is so printed by Quincy, but in all the original documents it appears as “Nehemiah Hubbard.” See p. xli note 2, above.

139 For a list of those present at these meetings, see p. cli, below.

Though the Charter of 1700 certainly never received the royal assent, yet exactly what happened to it in England has never been ascertained. On June 4, 1700, the Council resolved that an address be sent to the King about the French, and this was agreed to by the House. On June 11 “the Houses agreed that application should be made unto His Majesty by way of Address for the settlement of the College, and be inserted in the Address agreed to be made about the encroachments of the French.” On June 13 the address was read, and was adopted on the 14th. On June 15 the Court resolved that an address to Bellomont be prepared; on June 20 the draught of such an address was presented, this was taken up in Council on June 21, was concurred in by the House with differences on June 22, on June 26 a committee about the address was appointed by the Council, the draught of the address was read in Council July 6 and was under debate in the House until July 9, when it was adopted, though the address itself is dated July 12. On July 15 Bellomont wrote to the Council of Trade and Plantations about the Charter, and on the 16th to Secretary Popple, expressing the hope that he “will favour and promote the Charter.” On October 8 Robert Yard wrote to the Lords Commissioners of Trade: “The Lords Justices desire you will lay before them the draft of the Charter you lately received from the Earl of Bellomont for Hervard Colledge in New England, together with such alterations and additions as your Lordships conceive necessary for His Majesty’s service to be made in the same.” “The address reached the Board of Trade,” writes Mr. Davis, “but apparently the draft of a Charter did not accompany it” (our Publications, i. 208). The Charter was sent to Sir Henry Ashurst, for on October 9 Mr. Yard’s letter of the 8th was read, when “Their Lordships not having received any such draught . . . as there referred to, the Secretary ordered to write to Sir Henry Ashurst for it;” and on the same day Popple wrote to Ashurst about the Charter. On October 29 Ashurst replied to Popple; on November 9 Popple wrote Bellomont that the Charter had been received from Ashurst, “who will attend their Lordships about it in a few days.” On November 19 the Council of Trade and Plantations received a letter from Ashurst of the 1st, with draught of a Charter for “Harward College.” On February 11, 1701, the Council of Trade and Plantations wrote to Bellomont: “We intend also shortly to lay before H.M. the New England Address about Harvard College etc. with a Representation upon that subject.” On February 13 the “Address of the Massachusetts Bay relating to Harvard College” was “considered. Draught of the Charter for the College read and copy sent to Mr. Solicitor General for his opinion. Their Lordships also made some observations on the Charter.” On the same day Popple wrote to Sir John Hawles, the Solicitor General: “By order of the Council of Trade and Plantations, I send you the inclosed draught of a Charter desired by the Government of the Massachusets Bay for a Colledg called Harvard College in that Province, upon which their Lordships desire to know your opinion how consistent it is with the Laws of England and with the usual forms in which Charters of this kind are passed here.” On May 30 Popple wrote to Ashurst that the suspense in reporting on the Charter “is for want of Mr. Solicitor General’s report on it.” At this point all further trace of the Charter is apparently lost. (Massachusetts Province Laws, i. 308, vii. 245, 253, 260, 636, 642, 643, 651, 652; Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1700, pp. 329, 412, 415–416, 419, 420, 533, 554, 555, 556, 625, 645, 663; id., 1701, pp. 78, 80, 83, 270, 271; 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, x. 350–351.) Cf. H. Newman’s letter, p. lxiii note, below.

140 On August 10, 1703, Sewall wrote: “This day . . . is a Corporation-Meeting at Cambridge; chuse Mr. Josiah Willard a Tutor: chuse Mr. Tho. and W^m Brattle into the Corporation, in stead of Mr. Allen and Mr. Walter, who have abdicated as they reckon” (Diary, ii. 84: cf. p. 370, below). In writing “Mr. Allen,” Sewall doubtless should have written “Mr. Mather,” as Cotton Mather and Nehemiah Walter were clearly the two intended. “Neither of them,” writes Quincy, “attended any meeting of the Corporation after the exclusion of President Mather. But the name of Allen appears occasionally among those present at the board, quite down to the change introduced by the revival of the first charter of the College, at the time of the accession of Leverett to the presidency” (History, i. 151). An examination of those present at meetings from August 5, 1700, to October 28, 1707 (see p. cli, below), shows that on August 10, 1703, Walter had attended no meeting for three years, and Cotton Mather none for two years; while the attendance of Allen, who was present at twelve out of the nineteen meetings, was much more than “occasional.”

141 The Charter of 1700 required “That the President of the s^d Corporation, as also all the Fellows & Tutors, thereof receiving salary shall reside at y^e Colledge afores^d” (Massachusetts Province Laws, vii. 259). On July 9, 1700, it was resolved in the House, and concurred in Council on the 10th, that £220 be paid “to the President of Harvard Colledge, already chosen, or that shall be chosen by this Court. That the Person chosen President of Harvard Colledge Shall reside at Cambridge;” and a committee was appointed “To wait on the Reverend M^r Increase Mather, and acquaint him, that this Court hath chosen him Presid^t of Harvard Colledge, and Desire’s, him to accept of s^d office and so, Expect’s, that he Repair to & reside at Cambridge, as soon as may be.” On the same day Sewall saw Mather and on July 11 reported Mather’s reply, which was that if his Church “Consented to give him up to this Work, he would as to his own person, remove to Cambridge, but could [not] see his way Cleer to remove his Family while [i. e. until] he heard of the passing of the Charter in England.” Thereupon a committee was sent to the Second Church and on the 12th reported its consent. On the next day (July 13) it was “Ordered, That [the fifteen persons named in the Charter of 1700], with the two senior tutors for the time being, nominated to be fellows of the said corporation, be and hereby are empowered to take the oversight, care and government of s^d colledge and students there, . . . until his maj^tie’s pleasure shall be known referring to the settlement of said colledge, or that this court take further order therein” (vii. 255, 265, 644). Mather removed to Cambridge, but left October 17, 1700. On February 26, 1701, Stoughton “read a letter from Mr. Increase Mather, President of the Colledge, Oct. 17, 1700, giving an account of his inspection of the Colledge, whilst he resided there, and containing the reasons of his removal from Cambridge, as his not having his health there, etc., and desiring that another President might be thought of” (Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1701, p. 100). This letter was communicated to the House, on March 13, 1701, the Council sent down to the Representatives an order about the College, and on the 14th this was approved, as follows:

Whereas, this Court . . . did by their order, past [July 13] . . . impower to the [fifteen persons named in the Charter of 1700] and the two senior tutors for the time being, . . . to take the oversight, care and government of the said colledge and students, . . . and forasmuch as the constitution requires the president to reside at Cambridge, which is now altered by his removal from thence, to the intent that a present necessary oversight be taken of the colledge; it is therefore,—

Ordered, That the s^d M^r Increase Mather, M^r Samuel Willard, and the several other gentlemen mentioned in the aforerecited order, be and hereby are anew appointed and empowered to continue their oversight, care and government of the colledge, and students there, in manner as in the order is expres^t, . . . and in case of M^r Mather’s refusal, absence, sickness or death, that M^r Samuel Willard, nominated to be vice-presid^t, with the other gentlemen before named, be and hereby are invested with the like powers and authority afores^d in all respects (Massachusetts Province Laws, vii. 271–272).

Mather again removed to Cambridge, but on June 30 he wrote to Stoughton:

I promised the last General Court to take care of the Colledge until the Commencem^t. Accordingly I have bin residing in Cambridge, these three months. I am determined (if the Lord will) to return to Boston the next week, and no more to return to reside in Cambridge; . . . I do therefore earnestly desire that the General Court would as soon as may be think of another Præsident for the Colledge (Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 226; printed in Province Laws, vii. 645; Quincy, History, i. 501–502).

This letter was laid before the Court on August 1, when it was voted: “Whereas—the Rev^nd M^r Increase Mather hath Acquainted this Court, That he can with no Conveniency any longer Reside at Cambridge and Take the Care of the Colledge there. Resolved—That a Messenger be sent to the Rev^nd M^r Samuel Willard to Desire Him to accept the Care and Charge of s^d Colledge, and to Reside at Cambridge in order thereunto agreeable to the Order of this Court in March last” (Province Laws, vii. 698). On August; 2 the committee reported that Willard had replied that “he would consider thereof and advise with his Church.” On August 5 a committee was appointed to go to the South Church “and desire their consent,” but on the 6th reported that the Church “could not consent to part with him.” On the 8th further application was made to the Church, and on the 9th it was—

Resolved—That It be left with the Hon^ble Council, to take Care and Order what Shall be further necessary to the Settlem^t of the Colledge until the next Assembling of this Court.

That (if it may be) the Person who Shall have the chief Government of the Colledge Reside there, And Perform the Service that hath formerly been Discharg’d by Presidents (Province Laws, vii. 308).

On September 3 Wait Winthrop—there being neither Governor nor Lieutenant-Governor—“recom̄ended to them to provide for the Rule and Government of the Colledge at Cambridge” (Court Records, vii. 239). On the 5th, “Resolve of the Representatives sent up, desiring Mr. Increase Mather to take the care of and reside at ye College, read. Joint Committee appointed to go unto Mr. Samuel Willard, to whom the Court had made application. He declared his readiness to do the best service he could for the College, and that he would visit it once or twice every week, and continue there a night or two, and perform the service used to be done by former Presidents” (Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1701, pp. 505–506). On the 6th the resolve of the House for inviting Mather “was again read, and, upon the question put for a concurrence, it was carried in the negative.” Thereupon it was—

Resolved, That the Rev^d M^r Samuel Willard nominated for Vice President of the Colledge, (together with the Gentlemen named for the Corporation in the Order of this Court) be desired to take the Care and Over Sight of the Colledge and Students there according to the late Establishm^t made by this Court and to manage the affairs thereof, as he has proposed in his answer to this Court. Viz^t to reside there for one or two days and nights in a week, and to perform prayers and Expositions in the Hall and to bring forward the Exercises of Analisyng (Province Laws, vii. 312, 703).

Thus Mather’s presidency came to an end. On April 28, 1702, “A question being moved upon the construction of the Order of Assembly for a temporary establishment of the government of the College, it was decided that Mr. Samuel Willard and the other gentlemen named are thereby sufficiently impowered to carry on the work of the approaching commencement and to confer degrees upon the Commencers” (Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1702, p. 279). In his speech on March 11, 1703, Governor Dudley said:

I am often Solicited, and Spoken to referring to the Colledge at Cambridge; I am Sorry for the Mistakes of this Governm^t at any time in that Affair; If there be any thing that Imports me referring to it when it shall be Communicated I shall very freely do my duty to Lay it before Her Majesty, and in every thing referring to the good, and peace of this Province Exert myselfe to the Utmost and hope the Same of every Body in their proper Stations (Court Records, vii. 363; cf. Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1702–1703, p. 249).

Under date of March 12, 1703, Cotton Mather wrote:

And now, a strange Thing is this Day come to pass; which tho’ it may plunge me into sore Distresses and Temptations, yett I see in it, a Demonstration of the Testimony from Heaven which I have in the Consciences of the People throughout the Land; notwithstanding all the Enemies which my vigorous Appearing for the evangelical Interests has procured for me. The House of Representatives, in the General Assembly, and as full an House as has been ordinarily known, unanimously, every Man of them, voted the most unworthy Man in the World, for to be President of the Colledge in Cambridge. God knowes, what further Trials are coming upon me! Lord, prepare and strengthen thy poor Servant, I pray thee, I pray thee! (Diary, i. 472).

There is no mention of this matter in the Court Records of the 12th, but in Council on the 13th,—

An Order past in the House of Representatives, was Sent up for Concurrance, being in the Words following Viz^t

Ordered (nemine Contradicente) That the Rev^d M^r Cotton Mather be treated with in Order, to be Obtained, for a resident President of Harvard Colledge.

Which being read at the Board, and the Question put for Concurrance, It was Carried in the Negative, And Sam^ll Sewall, and Nathaniel Byfield Esq^rs were directed to return the s^d Order to the Representatives with a Message, That the Board Could not Accept a President Named by that House (Court Records, vii. 366).

On March 19th—

Cap^t Samuel Checkley, Lieut^nt Coll^o John Goreham, and M^r James Trobridge of the Representatives Attended his Excellency with a Message from the House to pray his Excellency to Inform them, of the Mistakes Committed by the Government in the Affair of the Colledge, intimated in his Excellency Speech, And to desire to know what his Excellency would please to Direct in that Affair.

His Excellency acquainted them That the Mistakes referred to, were a first, Second, and third draught of a Charter of Incorporation for the Colledge Sent for England, and there refused, And that M^r Speaker should hear from him upon the Other head of their Message (Court Records, vii. 372; cf. Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1702–1703, p. 275).

The Court was dissolved on March 27, and in his speech to the new Court on May 27, 1703, Dudley said: “I shall continue to be very ready to do my Duty for the Advancem^t of good Learning in the Colledge, And am of Opinion the particular Business of the Assembly therein is to provide a good Establishment for the Support of the Government of it, That I may humbly represent it in Order to obtain her Majesty’s Favour to that Foundation” (Court Records, vii. 387). On January 2, 1705, “His Excellency intimated to the Council That by Letters from England There was Encouragement to hope that a Charter of Incorporation might be obtained from her Majesty for Harvard College in Cambridge if proper Application was made; and the Draught proposed in his late Majesties Reign was Ordered to be laid on the Board to be read” (Court Records, viii. 99; cf. Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1702–1703, p. 455). Apparently nothing further was done until the resignation of Willard.

On August 11, 1707, writes Sewall, Willard went to Cambridge “to Expound,” but found few scholars and was himself taken ill, “which oblig’d him to come from thence before Prayer-Time.” On the 12th Sewall visited Willard “to see how his Journey and Labour at the College had agreed with him; and he surpris’d me with the above-account; told me of a great pain in’s head, and sickness at his stomach; and that he believ’d he was near his end. I mention’d the business of the College. He desired me to do his Message by word of Mouth.” Accordingly, at a Council meeting on the 14th, “When the Gov^r enquired after Mr. Willard, I acquainted the Gov^r and council that Mr. Willard was not capable of doing the College work, another year; He Thank’d them for their Acceptance of his service and Reward. Gov^r and Council order’d Mr. Winthrop and Brown to visit the Rev^d Mr. Willard, and Thank him for his good service the six years past. Sent down for concurrence, and Depts to name persons to join in the Thanks and Condolence” (Diary, ii. 193). The Representatives concurred in the vote of thanks, but added this clause: “And That the Reverend M^r Nehemiah Hobart as vice-President, together with the Gentlemen of the Corporation, be Desired, & Impowered to Take the Care & Government, of the s^d Colledge, with the same Powers & Instructions, as were given to, & practisd by the s^d M^r Willard & Corporation, untill further order, from this Court. John Burrill Speak^r” (Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 252. Cf. Court Records, viii. 311; Massachusetts Province Laws, viii. 795). “This,” Sewall adds, “the Gov^r and Council did not accept, and so nothing was done” (Diary, ii. 193). Willard lived only a few days, dying September 12, 1707.

142 See pp. 379–380, below. On the same day Sewall wrote: “The Fellows of Harvard College meet, and chuse Mr. Leverett President: He had eight votes, Dr. Increase Mather three, Mr. Cotton Mather, one, and Mr. [William] Brattle of Cambridge, one. Mr. White did not vote, and Mr. Gibbs came when voting was over” (Diary. ii. 196).

143 Five addresses, alike in language, were circulated, and received respectively 12, 13, 7, 3, and 4 signatures. The originals are in Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 254–260, and are printed in Massachusetts Province Laws, viii. 796, and in Quincy’s History, i. 504–505 (where the names “Robert Buck,” “Joseph Dwight,” and “James Shephard,” should be Robert Breck, Josiah Dwight, and Jeremiah Shepard). The addresses state that Leverett was “the unanimous choice” of the Fellows: but see Sewall’s statement, quoted in the last note. The discrepancy can perhaps be explained by assuming that, after the manner of modern nominating conventions, the choice was made unanimous.

144 Court Records, viii. 325.

145 Massachusetts Province Laws, viii. 796.

146 Court Records, viii. 341.

147 Court Records, viii. 342.

148 Court Records, viii. 343.

149 In his extraordinary letter to Governor Dudley dated January 20, 1708, Increase Mather said: “I am afraid that you cannot clear yourself from the guilt of much hypocrisy and falseness in the affair of the college. In 1686, when you accepted of an illegal arbitrary commission from the late K. James, you said, that the cow was dead, and therefore the calf in her belly; meaning the charter of the college and colony” (1 Massachusetts Historical Collections, iii. 126). Quincy (History, i. 81–82, 159–160, 276) held that all colonial ordinances fell when the Colony Charter of 1629 was vacated in 1684. On this point, see our Publications, i. 203–210, 214–215, xxv. 390–391; Palfrey, History of New England, iii. 412 note, iv. 193, 313; E. B. Russell, Review of the American Colonial Legislation by the King in Council (1915), pp. 177–178 (Columbia University Studies in History, etc., lxiv. 595–596); J. S. Davis, Essays in the Earlier History of American Corporations (1917), i. 18–19, 21, 84–85; H. L. Osgood, American Colonies in the Eighteenth Century (1924), i. 320–324. The restoration of the Charter of 1650 appears to have been largely, if not chiefly, the work of Dudley.

150 See pp. 380–381, below; Court Records, viii. 345; Sewall, Diary, ii. 205.

151 Council Records, iv. 519.

152 Council Records, iv. 519. A full account is given by Sewall, Diary, ii. 208. See also Boston News Letter, January 19, 1708, p. 2/2.

153 Diary, ii. 209. Those who thus ceased to be Fellows were: James Allen, Samuel Angier, Thomas Brattle, John Danforth, Henry Gibbs, John Leverett, John Pierpont, Peter Thacher, Benjamin Wadsworth, and John White. Of the five Fellows named by Governor Dudley, two—Henry Flynt and Jonathan Remington—were Tutors.

It will be remembered that under the Charter of 1700, the Treasurer was excluded from the Corporation. But Treasurer Thomas Brattle, though thus not a member of the Corporation from July 12, 1700, to August 10, 1703, was on the latter date (p. lvi, above) elected a Fellow of the Corporation. Though he ceased to be a Fellow of the Corporation on January 14, 1708, Thomas Brattle continued to be a member of the Corporation in his capacity as Treasurer.

154 For five tables, showing the attendance at Corporation meetings in 1674–1684, 1690–1691, 1692–1696, 1697–1700, and 1700–1707, see pp. cxlv–cli, below.

155 Cf. p. cxxxv, below.

156 See the Editor’s paper, “Draught of a Royal Charter for Harvard College, 1723,” in our Publications, xxv. 390–400, where the draught is printed in full. It specified that the Corporation should consist of seventeen members—a President, a Vice President, a Treasurer, and fourteen Fellows, the following persons being named for those positions:

John Leverett	President
Peter Thacher	Vice President
Edward Hutchinson	Treasurer
Nathaniel Appleton		Fellows	Henry Gibbs
Joseph Belcher			John Hancock
Simon Bradstreet			Thomas Prince
Benjamin Colman			Joseph Sewall
William Cooper			Benjamin Wadsworth
John Danforth			Edward Wigglesworth
Henry Flynt			William Williams

Of these, Flynt was at once the only one not a clergyman and the only Tutor; and Appleton, Colman, Flynt, and Wadsworth were Fellows at the time the Charter was draughted. Thomas Robie (chosen a Tutor in 1714) had been elected a Fellow in 1722, but resigned on February 5, 1723, and the vacancy was not filled by the Corporation until June 4, 1723. The fact that Robie’s name is not in the above list is the reason for concluding that the Charter was drawn up between February 5 and June 4, 1723.

After 1703 the affairs of the College apparently attracted little attention in England, for there is no reference to it from 1703 to June, 1711, beyond which date the Calendars have not yet been printed. It is possible that Leverett’s draught was transmitted to England, for in 1725 inquiry was evidently being made there in regard to the College. On November 25, 1725, Henry Newman, presumably referring to the Charter of 1700, wrote as follows to Secretary Delafaye:

It was sometime before I could find the Copy of the Charter of the College at Cambridge in New Engl^d

I find it was granted by the Gov^r and Council, who were always understood to be the Overseers of the College, though they have not declared themselves to be so, in express terms.

The Lower House of Representatives as they have invaded the King’s Prerogative in other things, so in this, there is nothing of moment done in the College now without consulting them: but if the Governm^t here should think fit to grant them a Royal Charter now, I am perswaded they would thankfully accept it, and it would be a means to attach the Students there to the King’s interest, who even now that they are dependant upon the Orders of the Assembly, have dared to dedicate their Theses to the Gov^r in his absence, as a mark of their respect to the King’s Representative, and to pray for him publickly, while others are afraid of shewing him so small a respect, for fear of incurring the displeasure of the mighty lower House (1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, x. 350–351).

For an explanation of the reference to the Theses for 1723, dedicated to Governor Shute, who was then in England, see our Publications, iii. 400–404; Proceedings American Antiquarian Society, xxiv. 285.

157 By “clergymen” is meant those who had been ordained. Eight of those whose names are italicized—namely, William Brattle, Samuel Danforth, Jabez Fitch, Samuel Mather, Jonathan Mitchell, Ebenezer Pemberton, John Richardson, and Comfort Starr—were not clergymen at the time of their appointment, but were young men who had recently graduated. Down to 1697, every Tutor was a Fellow in its technical meaning of a member of the Corporation; but not all Fellows were Tutors. Hence in time there arose the designations “non-resident Fellows” and “resident Fellows,” the distinction being that resident Fellows were the young appointees actually engaged in teaching—that is, Tutors; while the non-resident Fellows were older men, mostly clergymen, settled over parishes (sometimes in Cambridge, chiefly elsewhere), though a few were not clergymen. Cf. pp. cxxxii–cxxxv, below.

158 The names under this proposed charter are included in this list, but see p. xliii note, above.

159 It is sometimes stated that Josiah Quincy was the first layman—that is, the first person who had not been ordained—to become President of the College. If Henry Dunster was ordained, the fact has not been ascertained; though John Rogers preached and “had the title Reverend,” there “does not appear to be any record of his ordination” (Sibley, Harvard Graduates, i. 167); and it seems to be certain that John Leverett, though he “studied divinity, and preached occasionally for several years” (id. iii. 181), was never ordained.

160 Addington was a temporary student, but his Class is not known with certainty: see our Publications, xvii. 275, 278.

161 Brattle was ordained November 25, 1696.

162 Danforth was ordained September 24, 1650.

163 Fitch was not named in the amended Charter of 1699, but had that Charter been adopted he would have been a Fellow as one of “the two senior Tutors resident at the College from time to time.”

164 Fitch was not named in the Charter of 1700, but became a Fellow as one of “the two senior Tutors resident at the said College for the time being.” He ceased to be both Fellow and Tutor about August, 1703, and was ordained October 24, 1703.

165 Flynt was not named in the Charter of 1700, but became a Fellow as one of “the two senior Tutors resident at the said College for the time being.”

166 Hobart declined his appointment under the Charter of 1692, and in his place the Corporation on July 26, 1692, elected Charles Morton a Fellow.

167 Mather in 1650 went to England, where he was ordained.

168 Mitchell was ordained August 21, 1650.

169 Pemberton was not named in the amended draught of the Charter of 1699, but had that Charter been adopted he would have been a Fellow as one of “the two senior Tutors resident at the College from time to time.”

170 Richardson ceased to be both Fellow and Tutor in 1673, and was ordained October 20, 1675.

171 Starr in 1650 went to England, where he was ordained.

172 Torrey was a temporary student, but his Class is not known with certainty: see our Publications, xvii. 275, 284; Proceedings American Antiquarian Society, xxiv. 279 note.

173 The elder Edward Wigglesworth was a Professor from 1722 to 1765, and a Fellow of the Corporation from 1724 to 1765; John Winthrop was a Professor from 1738 to 1779, and a Fellow of the Corporation from 1765 to 1779; and the younger Edward Wigglesworth was a Professor from 1765 to 1794 (Emeritus after 1791), and a Fellow of the Corporation from 1779 to 1792. It will be observed that these Professors followed one another as Fellows, and that hence only one Professor was a Fellow of the Corporation at any given time.

174 In this charter, thirteen Fellows were named and in addition “the two senior Tutors resident at the said College for the time being.”

175 The number of Tutors from 1650 to 1665 is purely conjectural, and the number from 1666 to 1685 is largely conjectural. From the list given on p. cxlvii, below, it appears that not more than two Tutors were present at any meeting of the Corporation in the years 1674–1684; yet from other sources it is certain that there were three Tutors during at least a portion of that period.

176 A fifth Tutor was chosen by the Corporation on September 18, 1721, but on August 22, 1722, the Overseers refused to confirm the appointment on the ground that four Tutors were sufficient (pp. 461, 474, below).

177 From 1650 to 1692, the resident Fellows and the Tutors were one and the same; and consequently the remark made in the last note but one about the Tutors applies equally to the resident Fellows.

178 The extracts quoted in this section have been selected solely because they throw light on the buildings in use during the period under discussion. Some of the buildings are frequently mentioned in these records, while others are scarcely alluded to and so information in regard to them must be sought elsewhere. The history of the third President’s House is here given for the first time.

Though an Account of the College of New-Jersey (now Princeton University), including “A North-West Prospect of Nassau-Hall,” was printed in 1764 (cf. our Publications, iii. 431–432), and though President Thomas Clap’s Annals or History of Yale-College was published in 1766, yet nearly two centuries elapsed after its founding before Harvard College was similarly honored. There had, of course, been many accounts of or references to the College in books printed in England or in this country in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, chief among which were New Englands First Fruits (1643), Cotton Mather’s “Account of the University,” comprising the fourth book of his Magnalia (1702), and Nathan Prince’s Constitution and Government of Harvard-College (1743: cf. our Publications, xxi. 382–387). But what Ephraim Eliot, a graduate of the Class of 1780, wrote in his commonplace-book (cf. our Publications, xviii. 54, 77, xix. 290, xxiv. 40, 47, 57, 141) under the heading “Hints for a good History of Harvard University” was still true at the time of his death in 1827: “There is wanted, a concise history of Harvard University. Little is known of its origin & its progress towards the respectable state in which it now stands.” After referring to the Donation Book (mentioned below) compiled by his father the Rev. Dr. Andrew Eliot, he said: “There are now connected with the university many of the distinguished literary characters in this part of America and it is greatly wished that some of them would lead in a work of this kind.” Some “Historical Sketches of Harvard College” were printed in the Harvard Register (the earliest magazine published by the students except the Harvard Lyceum, 1811–1812) for October, 1827 (pp. 248–251), November, 1827 (pp. 283–286), and January, 1828 (pp. 345–348), the second of which gave an account of some of the buildings, though the account is without value. In 1833 appeared the first History of Harvard University, that by Benjamin Peirce, which was followed in 1840 by President Quincy’s work under the same title; but neither Peirce nor Quincy gave adequate accounts of the early buildings.

The first attempt in print to ascertain the original ownership of the land now in the College Yard, and to locate some of the buildings, was made in 1848 by Mr. Samuel A. Eliot in his Sketch of the History of Harvard College, pp. 188–190, with a “Plan of the College Enclosure.” Of the buildings that were in existence before 1750, the only ones indicated on Mr. Eliot’s plan are the Indian College, the second Harvard College, Stoughton College, Massachusetts Hall, Wadsworth House, and Holden Chapel. The exact location of all these is known with certainty except the Indian College, which Mr. Eliot placed a little north of the present Wadsworth House. Following President Wadsworth (p. lxxvii note, below), Mr. Eliot located in the College Yard the town grant in 1638 of two and two-thirds acres, identifying it with the two and one-quarter acres lying north of the Eaton and Goffe lots and east of the Betts and Spencer lots. This was probably a mistake, as the town grant appears to have been north of the present Kirkland Street.

The two volumes of the Harvard Book, published in 1875, contain much information about the buildings, early and late, but the writers of the various articles had not made careful investigations. In 1881 an account of some of the early buildings was printed in 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xviii. 318–322, but this has little value.

In the years 1888–1893 Mr. Davis wrote four papers, which at once superseded all previous accounts and have been the basis of all subsequent accounts. These were: “The Site of the First College Building at Cambridge,” in Proceedings American Antiquarian Society, October, 1888, v. 469–486; “The Early College Buildings at Cambridge,” in Proceedings American Antiquarian Society, April, 1890, vi. 323–349; “The Indian College at Cambridge,” in Magazine of American History, October, 1890, xxiv. 33–39; “The College in Early Days,” in Harvard Graduates’ Magazine, April, 1893, i. 363–375. Those papers contain many interesting details not touched on in this section.

The one event of importance since Mr. Davis wrote has been the uncovering of the foundation walls of two buildings in 1909–1910 when excavations were being made for the subway. See Mr. Lane’s remarks in Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society (December, 1909), xliii. 201; in our Publications (January, 1910), xiii. 74; in the Harvard Graduates’ Magazine (March, 1910), xviii. 451–452 (and photograph facing p. 460); and in the Harvard Crimson (February 19, 1915), describing a tablet placed by the Harvard Memorial Society in the post in the College Yard fence and adjoining Wadsworth House to indicate “the site of the two earliest College buildings.” These were Goffe’s College and the Peyntree house: see pp. lxxvii, civ, below. Cf. Harvard Alumni Bulletin, March 17, 1915, xvii. 441.

In addition to the above printed sources, there are three manuscript accounts of value, two of which are found in the records here printed. The first was written between 1650 and 1684 (see p. lxxi note 1, below) by Thomas Danforth, who collected and copied into College Book III various items relating to gifts to the College, etc., some of which throw light on the early buildings. The second was written by President Wadsworth between December 10, 1733, and his death on March 16, 1737. On the former date he wrote: “Whereas y^e lands and annuities belonging to Harvard College, are entred in y^e College Books after a broken disjointed manner, I . . . thought it proper to collect said Entries, and what I find further belong to them, & enter them here, in a more uniform compact manner” (p. 264, below). The practice begun by Wadsworth (pp. 264–297, below) was continued by Holyoke (pp. 297–302, below) and by Langdon (pp. 302–305, below). These entries, however, contain little relating to the buildings in the College Yard. The third account was compiled in 1773 by the Rev. Dr. Andrew Eliot (see p. xviii, above), and is found in the first of two volumes labelled on the back of the cover “Donations” but commonly cited as Donation Book. The manuscript title reads: “An Account of Grants Donations and Bequests To Harvard College From the Foundation of that Society to The Year 1773. Collected by order of the Corporation.” The portion compiled by Dr. Eliot fills most of the first volume, but at the end are some additions by President Langdon, James Winthrop (Librarian from 1772 to 1787), and others, On April 9, 1773, the Corporation took the following action:

The Rev^d D^r Eliot having compiled an accurate Account of all the Benefactions to Harvard College, from the foundation of the Society, with the Names of the generous Benefactors; and having declined accepting a Compensation for a Work upon which he has employed no small Time and pains,

Voted, that the thanks of this Corporation be given to D^r Eliot for this important Service.

Voted, that the sum of sixteen pounds be paid to M^r Josiah Eliot for transcribing the above Account in a fair Manner. (College Book VII. 258.)

Dr. Eliot’s compilation contains little about the early buildings, but is of great value as regards gifts, bequests, etc.

For the Plan of the College Yard facing p. lxviii, the Society is indebted to Mr. Warren H. Manning of Cambridge. On this plan, which closely follows Mr. Eliot’s “Plan of the College Enclosure,” but with corrections, are located (exactly or approximately) all the buildings described in this section except the second President’s House (Dunster’s house) and the third President’s House. The second President’s House probably stood near the present Johnston Gate, facing the west; and the third President’s House stood on or near the site of Massachusetts Hall: see pp. cvi, cxiii, below. The dates are those of acquisition by the College.

179 Massachusetts Colony Records, i. 183, 208, 217.

180 i. 228; cf. i. 180.

181 i. 253. In all these early cases of the use of the word “college,” it is probable that by it was meant a building: see pp. cxxviii–cxxxi, below.

182 Our Publications, vii. 80. The letter enclosing the report is dated “Boston: Septemb: 7^th,” but no year is given, and “[1639]” was conjecturally added. This, however, was an error. Browne says in the report (vii. 76) that he came in the Thomas and Frances and that Emanuel and Lucy Downing were among his fellow-passengers. A letter by Emanuel Downing dated Salem, October 22, 1638, is printed in the Winthrop Papers (i. 49), and elsewhere it is stated that the Downing; “probably arrived in New England in October, 1638” (Winthrop Papers, iii. 23 note). Browne’s letter proves that they arrived before September 7, 1638. The words “a College erecting” presumably refer to a building.

183 P. 172, below. The Rev. Thomas Shepard of Cambridge, who was one of the elders named as Overseers on November 20, 1637 (see p. xxxiii, above), writing not later than 1649, in which year he died, said that “at the desire of some of our town the Deputies of the Court having got Mr. Eaton to attend the Schoole, the Court for that and sundry other reasons determined to erect the Colledge here” (Autobiography, 1832, p. 64).

184 C. Mather, Magnolia, bk. iv. pt. i. § 2, p. 126.

185 Massachusetts Colony Records, i 275.

186 P. 173, below. See p. lxxii note 1, below.

The entries on pp. 1–85 of College Book III (pp. 171–254, below), including the one quoted in the text, are almost wholly in the hand of Thomas Danforth. Ranging from 1636 to 1684, many are copied from College Book I, others apparently from College Book II, and still others from miscellaneous documents the originals of which are no longer extant. Hence many of the entries are of great value, and several difficult problems could be solved if it were known exactly when the entries were made. But on this point, unfortunately, we are all at sea. Born in England in 1622, Thomas Danforth came to Cambridge with his father Nicholas in 1635, and thus when Eaton was dismissed in 1639 he was a youth of seventeen. He is not known to have had any official connection with the College until 1650, after which he was in its service—as Treasurer from 1650 to 1668 and as Steward from 1668 to 1682, besides having been chosen clerk of the Overseers in 1654. And he continued to make his entries after ceasing to be Steward, the latest being dated January 3, 1684. He died November 5, 1699, having filled many civil as well as collegiate offices. Hence, though none of the entries are likely to have been made before 1650, any one of them may have been made at any time between 1650 and 1684.

187 In his letter of 1653, Dunster said that he was “called” by “about 10 magistrates & 16 Elders.” The original Board of Overseers consisted of six magistrates and six elders (see p. xxxiii, above). If Dunster’s recollection was correct, evidently others had been summoned to the meeting at which he was chosen.

188 P. 173, below. In Quincy’s History (i. 453), in Proceedings American Antiquarian Society (vi. 323), and in G. E. Littlefield’s Early Press of Massachusetts (i. 72), the words “Colledge Stock” are rendered without meaning by being printed “College Book.”

189 Hugh Peters sailed for England August 3, 1641 (our Publications, iii. 420 note 2). Samuel Shepard, a half-brother of the Rev. Thomas Shepard, was a Deputy from Cambridge in 1639, 1640, and 1644 (Paige, History of Cambridge, pp. 460, 653–654), and returned to England about October, 1645 (our Publications, iii. 420 note 2). The entry in these records about Shepard (quoted above in the text) and the statement by Dunster are good examples of the difficulty of reaching definite conclusions on account of conflicting evidence or lack of absolutely contemporaneous documents. The entry is not likely to have been made before 1650 (see p. lxxi note 1, above), and Dunster’s letter was not written until 1653. The entry mentions Shepard only, without allusion to Peters; and Shepard’s account (pp. 17–19, below) from 1639 to 1641, when he turned the management of the College building and the College stock over to Dunster, is written in the first person singular and contains no reference to Peters. It is well known that when Peters went to England in 1641, he, Thomas Weld, and William Hibbens were entrusted with the task of collecting there funds for the College and for other purposes (see our Publications, xiv. 121–126), and it is possible that Dunster, writing a dozen years later, confused that episode with the management of the College building and stock in 1639–1641. Dunster’s accounts, presented January 15, 1655, are mentioned in these records (pp. 173, 180–181, 186–187, below), but are not entered in detail, though the inventory of the College estate taken by him and the Fellows on December 10, 1654, is entered (pp. 208–210, below).

190 Our Publications, iii. 419, 420.

191 See p. cxxi, below.

192 In these records there are many references to “studies” (see the index), and three or four to “cabins” (pp. 9, 12, below). “What were these studies,” asked Mr. Davis, “of which there were three in some chambers and four in others, whose walls were ‘dawbed,’ or ‘plaistered and whitened,’ or ‘sailed with cedar round about’? It is plain that they must have been very small, and it is possible that the partition which separated them from the chambers did not reach the ceiling. . . . In the table of the income of the studies [pp. 14–15, below], two are described as having fires in them. Of course these must have been larger than the studies within the chambers and were, perhaps, full-sized rooms. . . . In the chambers were ‘cabins’ or closets which were specifically assigned. Sometimes the cabin assigned to a student was not situated in the chamber where he lodged” (Proceedings American Antiquarian Society, vi. 337–339). In our Publications, xxiv. 94–95, 100–101, are reproduced two plans of Massachusetts Hall, one by President Leverett, the other by Benjamin Wadsworth, then a Fellow. The studies are plotted on the Wadsworth plan, and on the Leverett plan each is marked “Study.”

193 It will be observed that when Samuel Shepard was entrusted in 1639 with the College building and stock, nothing was said about teaching. The late George E. Littlefield suggested in 1913 that when Eaton left the College in September, 1639, Elijah Corlet “may have been invited to assist in, if not to take full charge of, the education of the students in the College, until the arrival of Mr. Dunster in August, 1640” (our Publications, xvii. 134). There is, however, no evidence in support of this notion; and nothing has ever been adduced to show who did carry on the work of teaching from September 9, 1639, to August 27, 1640. Equally without foundation in fact was Mr. Littlefield’s suggestion that perhaps the presidency of the College had been offered to the Rev. Jose Glover (Early Massachusetts Press, 1907, i. 50–53).

194 New Englands First Fruits (1643), pp. 12–13.

195 Wonder-working Providence (1654), pp. 164–165.

196 P. 208, below.

197 Plymouth Colony Records, ix. 95.

198 Massachusetts Colony Records, iii. 208.

199 Plymouth Colony Records, ix. 216–217.

200 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. iv. pt. i. 91.

201 iii. 275, 280.

202 iii. 331.

203 Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 32. On April 13, 1663, the town “granted Liberty To y^e Colledge for posts & rayles to fence in the yds. & a clapbord tree;” and on November 14, 1663, it “Granted to y^e Coll: liberty for timb: to shingle the rooffe” (Cambridge Town Records, pp. 144, 148).

204 See p. lxxxvi, below.

205 See p. lxxxviii, below.

206 See p. lxxxviii note 2, below.

207 New Englands First Fruits, p. 14. The passage is printed in full because it is not found in the College Laws of 1642–1646 entered in these records.

208 The first bell in Massachusetts came to Cambridge (then Newton) in 1632 and was hung in the meeting-house of the Thomas Hooker company, but when that company migrated in 1636 to Hartford, Connecticut, the bell was taken with it. The second bell was at Salem in 1638. A bell was owned by the First Church, Boston, in 1641. Whether this last was the third or the fourth bell is uncertain, because it is not known exactly when the College bell was sent over. The fifth bell was at Ipswich in 1647, the sixth at Watertown in 1648, and the seventh at the First Church, Cambridge, in 1648. See the late Dr. Arthur H. Nichols’s paper on “The Bells of Harvard College,” read before this Society in April, 1910 (xiii. 133) and printed in the New England Historical and Genealogical Register for July, 1911 (lxv. 275–284). Dr. Nichols remarked that “while the colonists brought from England an attachment for musical bells they were also accurate in the use of technical words relating to them;” and proceeded to explain two such words often found in these records:

“Hence their discrimination in the use of the words ‘ring’ and ‘toll.’ For instance, the bell was ‘rung’ to give preliminary warning of approaching service, recitation or meals; that is, it was swung so as to describe a complete revolution, backward and forward, with each impact of the clapper, and the interval between the strokes was therefore long.

“But to give notice that service or recitation was about to begin, or that meals were about to be served, the bell was ‘tolled,’ or swung only over a small arc of the circle in such a way as to allow the clapper to fall upon but one side of the sound bow. For deaths and funerals, however, it was customary to mount the belfry and toll the bell once in fifteen seconds by means of a rope hitched to the flight, or lower extremity of the clapper” (lxv. 279).

209 P. 200, below. Between 1654 and 1663 a bell, presumably the one displaced by the Willet bell, was exchanged (p. 212, below). For other references to bells, see the index to these volumes.

210 P. 193, below. For the clock on Massachusetts Hall, see p. cii, below; and for other references to clocks, see the index to these volumes.

211 See the extract quoted from Mr. Davis on p. lxxxiv, below.

Attention has already been called (p. lxxi note 1, above) to the impossibility of ascertaining exactly when Thomas Danforth made the entries which fill pp. 1–85 of College Book III (pp. 171–254, below). Two striking instances deserve consideration, as they furnish what is perhaps the most difficult crux in the records here printed. In one place, referring apparently to the year 1659, he wrote: “M^r William Paine Merch^t gave to the Colledge Twenty pounds, to be layd out for the purchase of lands: & with s^d mony the lands whereon the Colledge now stands & the Presidents lodgings was bought, conteyning about One acre & a Rood” (p. 198, below). To this entry President Wadsworth has added the words: “See Coll. B. 2. p. 38.” If Danforth’s entry was actually made in 1659, then by “the Colledge” must have been meant the first Harvard College. But in that case, why were the precise words “whereon the Colledge now stands” employed? They suggest that once the college stood elsewhere. But in 1659 there was only one building known as “the College”—namely, the first Harvard College; and had the entry been written in 1659, it is difficult to see why the word “now” should have been used. This difficulty was noted by Thaddeus W. Harris (Librarian from 1791 to 1793), who wrote in pencil in the margin: “The 2^d Harvard, which was burnt.”

In another place, in “An Abbreviate of the Colledge Accounts, conteyning both recits and disbursements from October. 1654 untill December. 1663,” Danforth entered £20.10.0 “To a parcell of land on w^ch the Coll. now stands” (p. 212, below). Again occurs the word “now” and at a date when only the first Harvard College was in existence. Once more Mr. Harris has written in pencil: “‘on which the Coll. now stands’ is an interpolation, not written by Treasurer Danforth, at the above named date, if by him at all, and probably written as late as the year 1683. The College referred to was the 2^d Harvard, which was burnt in 1764, & on the site whereof the 3d Harvard Hall was built.” The present Editor has added the comment: “The words ‘on w^ch the Coll. now stands’ were perhaps written later but are certainly in Danforth’s hand” (p. 212 note 2, below).

The correct interpretation of Danforth’s two entries is of importance, because those entries raise the question of the location of the first Harvard College; and hence the necessity of ascertaining, if possible, whether those entries were written in or before 1663, in which case they indicate the first Harvard College, or not until some twenty years later, in which case they refer to the second Harvard College. Some entries made by President Wadsworth in 1733 throw light on the subject, especially as he three times uses the word “now.” He wrote:

“As for yt oblong parcel of Land, on which y^e three Colleges & y^e President’s House & Barn now stand; I suppose y^e Easterly part of it, was granted by y^e Town of Cambridge An. 1638. to y^e use of a publick school or College forever containing 2⅔; Acres. The College expended on it. above £300. (See Coll. Book N^o 3. p. 2) & it appears not yt y^e Town ever allow’d them their charges” (p. 265, below).

By the “three Colleges & y^e President’s House” Wadsworth meant the second Harvard College, Stoughton College, Massachusetts Hall, and Wadsworth House. The reference is to p. 172, below, where Nathaniel Eaton’s account in 1639 of expenditures on the first Harvard College is entered. Wadsworth was probably mistaken in supposing that the town grant in 1638 of two and two-thirds acres formed “the easterly part” of the oblong parcel of land in the College Yard, for the town grant appears to have been north of the present Kirkland Street (see p. lxviii note, above). Wadsworth then continued:

“The westerly part of y^e South end (where y^e President’s House now is) was bought of Edward Goffe w^th a Building on it, afterwards call’d Goffe’s College. See Coll. Book. n^o 2. p. 18. n^o 3. p: 41” (p. 265, below).

College Book II is not extant, but the other reference is to p. 208, below, where Goffe’s College is mentioned in the inventory of 1654. By “where y^e President’s House now is,” Wadsworth meant Wadsworth House. Wadsworth again continued:

“That part wch runs northward from Cambridge Meeting House, even to a rod or two north of y^e present old College, was bought of John Betts. April. 4. 1661. . . . This Land was bought with money given to y^e College by m^r William Payn merchant, and by his son. See Coll. B. n^o 2. p. 38. B. 3. p. 30” (p. 265, below. The Betts lot was bought by the College on April 24, not 4, 1661: Middlesex Deeds, xiii. 425).

By the “present old College” is meant the second Harvard College, and the reference to “B. 3. p. 30” is to the entry in Danforth’s hand (quoted above, p. lxxvi note 3) about William Paine on p. 198, below.

One more extract from Wadsworth is pertinent. “On y^e south side of y^e street,” he wrote, referring to what was then Braintree Street but is now Massachusetts Avenue, “Just before y^e President’s House as it now stands,”—that is, Wadsworth House—“is a small piece of Land belonging to y^e College; it was formerly Robert Bradish’s House Lot” (p. 266, below). The seventh item in the inventory of December 10, 1654, is: “A small piece of land lying before the Colledge & formerly the houselott of Rob^t Broadish” (p. 208, below). The word “Colledge,” as here used, must refer not to the land owned by the institution but to the building—that is, the first Harvard College. It is certain then that the first Harvard College faced the Bradish lot, and that lot was at the northwest corner of Braintree Street (now Massachusetts Avenue) and the present Holyoke Street—the lot, namely, on which Holyoke House now stands.

We have, then, these proved facts: that the Bradish lot was “before” the first Harvard College; that the Bradish lot was “just before” Wadsworth House; and that the Betts lot “runs northward from Cambridge Meeting House.” Now between the years 1654 and 1663 William Paine gave £20 and his son John Paine gave £10 (pp. 200, 214, below). Wadsworth said that with this money the Betts lot was bought in 1661. Danforth said that with the money was bought the land “whereon the College now stands & the Presidents lodgings” or the land “on w^ch the Coll. now stands.” But money received between 1654 and 1663 could not have been used for the purchase either of the Eaton lot or of the Goffe lot, for the former came into the possession of the College about 1640 and the latter was bought about 1651. Consequently, as the land “whereon the Colledge now stands” was the Betts lot, and as it was on that lot that the second Harvard College was built, the building referred to by Danforth must have been the second Harvard College.

In his final paper Mr. Davis wrote:

“When I made my original analysis of the material I rejected from consideration two entries in Book III, opposite which, in the margin, were pencil notations to the effect that they referred to the second building. These pencillings were attributed to T. W. Harris, and I assumed that the writer had good reasons for his conclusions. Approaching the subject a second time, with an opinion derived from sources entirely outside these two notations, I can see no sound reason why the pencil notations should have been made. If Mr. Harris’s conclusion be rejected, and the language of the entries be accepted precisely as written, it would appear that, at the time the entries were made, which must have been between 1654 and 1663, the College building stood upon a lot of land which had the same area as each of the Braintree Street lots [the Goffe lot and the Eaton lot], viz:—An acre and a rood; that this lot of land cost £20, and that the money for its purchase was contributed by William Paine” (Harvard Graduates’ Magazine, i. 368 note).

In saying that the Danforth entries “must have been made between 1654 and 1663,” Mr. Davis begged the question. For the point to be determined is not the date of the original documents, but the time when Danforth wrote or copied them into College Book III. The present Editor’s conclusions are as follows. (1) Danforth’s entry about William Paine was not written until or after 1680, by which time the first Harvard College had been demolished. Hence, to make it plain which lot was bought with the Paine money, Danforth described it as “the lands whereon the Colledge now stands & the Presidents lodgings.” Both the second President’s House (1645–1680) and the third President’s House (1680–1719) appear to have been on the Betts lot, and hence near the second Harvard College (see pp. cvi, cxiii, below). (2) The original document containing Danforth’s “Abbreviate of the Colledge Accounts” from 1654 to 1663 must have been written in 1663, and in that original document one item presumably read: “To a parcell of land £20.10.0.” When Danforth copied that document into College Book III, he made the entry as originally written and then, again to make it plain which lot had been bought, interpolated, either when copying the entry or at some time after about 1680, the words “on w^ch the Coll. now stands.”

Another point requires explanation. In his first paper Mr. Davis reproduced a tracing of a map entitled “Plan of Cambridge, adapted to the year 1635. By James Winthrop, January 1801.” At the top of this map are written the words: “College founded 1638, and built near this place a little south of its present site.” By its “present site” was meant the present Harvard Hall, which stands on the site of the second Harvard College. Quoting these words, Mr. Davis remarked: “A reasonable interpretation of this language would throw the site within the limits of the Braintree-street lot”—that is, the Eaton lot. “It is unfortunate,” continued Mr. Davis, “that Mr. Winthrop did not give his authority for the statement.” (Proceedings American Antiquarian Society, v. 484 note. The map faces the same page.) Mr. Winthrop’s authority can be found in several entries in these records. On August 29, 1704, the Corporation voted that Treasurer Brettle “be Jmpoured to Let a piece of Land of y^e College’s, lying neare w^r y^e old College stood to m^r Andrew Bordman or any other person, for Such term of yeares, & upon Such conditions as they shall agree upon” (p. 373, below). In “An Inventory of the Estate belonging to Harvard College” dated July 1, 1712, Treasurer Thomas Brettle entered “A p^s of Land near y^e Coll^g Let to M^r And^w Bordman” (p. 418, below); and in a similar inventory dated August 16, 1715, Treasurer William Brattle (who had succeeded his brother Thomas in 1713) entered “A Small p^e of Land near y^e Old College for w^ch M^r A Bordman pays” (p. 430, below).

On August 29, 1704, the presidency being then vacant, the Corporation consisted of sixteen persons, all of whom were present except Jonathan Pierpont (1685) and Henry Flynt (1693). Four others – Henry Gibbs (1685), John White (1685), Benjamin Wadsworth (1690), and Jonathan Remington (1696) – were probably too young to have seen the first Harvard College. The senior Fellow of the Corporation was James Allen, who, born in England, was ordained minister of the First Church, Boston, on December 9, 1668; attended meetings of the Overseers in 1675, 1678, and 1684 (pp. 76, 232, 236, 237, 255, below), and may have attended earlier meetings; and became a member of the Corporation in 1692. The others were Michael Wigglesworth (1651), Samuel Torrey (a temporary member of about 1656), Vice President Willard (1659), Nehemiah Hobart (1667), Peter Thacher (1671), Samuel Angier (1673), Thomas Brattle (1676), John Danforth (1677), and William Brattle (1680). Hence, though the meeting took place about twenty-five years after the demolition of the first Harvard College, there were present no fewer than ten persons who must often have seen that building, some of whom had doubtless lived in it, and all of whom except Mr. Allen may have lived in it.

President Wadsworth’s statement, made in 1733, that on the south side of Braintree Street (now Massachusetts Avenue), “Just before” the house in which he was himself residing, was a small piece of land belonging to the College, formerly Robert Bradish’s house lot, has already been quoted in this note. He then went on to define the bounds of that land “When it was leas’d to Steward Bordman. 1705,” and added, “I suppose part of Steward Bordman’s Barn now stands on y^e northwest corner of this Land. This Land was call’d y^e House Lot of Robert Bradish” (p. 266, below). Many years later, in 1774 or 1775, President Langdon added this memorandum:

N B Part of this Land was taken into y^e Presidents use in Autumn 1770: leaving so much of it with out y^e fence then made as might accommodate M^r Andrew Boardman to go to his Barn. Agree^d by y^e Corporation that he should have some at y^e west End left him and more on y^e South west Corner but no lease was given of it twas only allowed for the present – and no sum was fixed as a consideration for y^e use of it (p. 266, below).

In another place, but at the same time, President Langdon drew a plan showing the “Presidents House Lot” at the top, in front of it “North Side Street” (which was the Braintree Street of the seventeenth century and is now Massachusetts Avenue), south of that the “College Land in the President’s Improvement,” at the west and southwest a gore labelled “College Land in M^r Boardman’s Improv^t” and defined by the letters fhide, and a “Street” (now Holyoke Street) on the east (p. 302, below: see Plan I, facing p. 270, below). On February 22, 1775, Andrew Bordman—who was the grandson of the Andrew Bordman who leased the land in 1704 or 1705—acknowledged that he held of the College “that part of the above described rectangular House Lot which is contained within the Gore on the west side, as defined in the Plan foregoing by the Letters fhide, at the rent of two Shillings lawful money p^r Annumn” (p. 303, below). Four years later “The College came to a new Agreement with M^r Boardman for the above Gore of Land” (p. 303, below); and on March 8, 1779, he acknowledged that “I hold of the President & Fellows of Harvard College the Gore of Land belonging to a House Lot opposite the Presidents House [Wadsworth House], as described in the foregoing Page, for which I promise to pay annually while in my Occupation one Spanish mill’d Dollar” (p. 303, below).

Thus, whether we start with the Bradish lot, which in 1654 was stated to lie “before the Colledge;” or with the land leased to Andrew Bordman in 1704 or 1705 “lying neare w^r y^e old College stood;” or with President Langdon’s map of 1774 or 1775; or with the acknowledgments made by the younger Andrew Bordman in 1775 and 1779—in each case the result arrived at is the same, namely, that the first Harvard College stood on the Eaton lot. And so James Winthrop’s statement of 1801 that the first Harvard College was built “a little south of its present site” is corroborated.

212 P. 208, below.

213 P. lxxiii, above.

214 There is, however, a curious reference to it by Sewall, who on July 31, 1675, wrote:

This said Saturday night, in a dream, I fancyed myself to have Mrs. Richardson’s child in my arms, and herself following me up a pair of stairs going to heaven, all sorrowfull and weeping. I went up innumerable steps and still saw nothing, so that I was discouraged, . . . Yet I strengthened myself, as well as I could, considering how apt things only heard of are to be doubted (if difficultly obtained and not of long time) though they be never so true. Thus thinking, I went on; at last I came to a fair chamber with goodly lodgings. When I saw that was all, I earnestly prayed that God would help us, or else we should never get to our journey’s end. Amazed I was, not being able to conceive how furniture should be brought up those stairs. Afterward it was a chamber in the N. Building, after, part of an old (Goff, as I take it) that joined to it, of the same height. A scollar told me that those things were drawn up by a pully, and so took in at a window which was all ramshacled like that in Goff Colledge over the Fellows’ chamber, and all things began to seem more vile. Herabout I waked, being much troubled at the former part, and much wondring at the latter of my dream. (Diary, i. 10.)

Goffe’s College was a considerable distance from “the N. Building”—that is, the new building or the second Harvard College. On the other hand the second President’s House, the one built by Dunster, was probably very close to the second Harvard College; and the third President’s House, built in 1680 and taken down in 1719, was on or near the site of Massachusetts Hall, and so was near the second Harvard College. Obviously such a rigmarole cannot be taken seriously, yet it would seem to indicate that Goffe’s College might have been still in existence as late as Sewall’s day. Sewall, who graduated in 1671, had himself been a Fellow in 1673–1674 and Librarian in 1674.

215 Plymouth Colony Records, x. 107.

216 x. 128.

217 P. 208, below. If the “small house unfinished” was not the Indian College, it is impossible to say what it was.

218 Plymouth Colony Records, x. 168.

219 x. 190.

220 Collections New York Historical Society for 1869, p. 87.

221 1 Massachusetts Historical Collections, i. 176.

222 P. 346, below.

223 P. 352, below.

224 P. 358, below.

225 Diary, i. 480. See also p. xciv, below.

226 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, xxv. 227.

227 Harvard Graduates’ Magazine, i. 367–368, 374.

228 P. 220, below. It was stated in 1881 that the first Harvard College “was built of wood, and in 1669 had shown such signs of decay that subscriptions were opened in many places for funds to build a new one” (1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xviii. 320). This statement was based on Sibley’s remark that “When the general appeal was made for funds to erect a brick building for the College in place of the wooden structure, which was small and decaying, the following response . . . came from Portsmouth,” New Hampshire (Harvard Graduates, i. 367). But in the document itself, dated May 20, 1669, the signers say that “wee haue made a collection in our toune of sixty pounds annū, (& hope to make it more,) which sajd sum̄e is to be pajd annually for these seuen yeares ensuing, to be improoued, at the discretion of the honoured ouerseers of the colledge, for the behoofe of the same, and the advancment of good literature” (i. 368), and there is no allusion to a new building. Indeed, on June 3, 1669, the Overseers disposed of the gift by assigning £34 to the three Fellows and “the Remainder to be for the Encouragem^t of Schollars as the Overseers shall see meet to order” (p. 219, below). What is perhaps the earliest allusion to the proposed new building occurs in a letter dated Boston, August 21, 1671, signed by nine ministers (among them President Chauncy) and seven magistrates, to certain ministers in London: “The ruinous, & allmost irreparable state of the Edifices, in conjunction with our inability to erect some other more capacious, & accomodate; This notwithstanding, upon a serious, & late debate, a new structure, of stone, or brick, is resolved upon, & that speedy preparations shall be made toward the same: The Countrey (we hope) may be enabled to contribute about a thousand pound,” etc. (our Publications, xi. 339). For the amount actually received, see pp. 222–223, below. In his election sermon delivered May 15, 1672, Thomas Shepard said: “Let the Schools flourish . . . Cherish them therefore, and the Colledge in special: and accordingly that there may be a seasonable (while affections are warm) and a faithful improvement of the Contribution for the New Edifice there, and what else is needful for the encouragement and advancement of Learning in that precious Society” (Eye-Salve, 1673, p. 45).

229 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. iv. pt. ii. p. 516.

230 Pp. 220, 221, below.

231 Plymouth Colony Records, x. 355. “Theire late Presedent” was Charles Chauncy.

232 Diary, i. 5. On October 15, 1679, John Francis, “in consideration of a Wound he had received in building Harvard College,” was granted “one hundred acres of land where it is to be found free from former grants,” but the grant was not laid out until 1716: see Massachusetts Colony Records, v. 255; Massachusetts Archives,. lviii. 101; Massachusetts Province Laws, ix. 473, 508; Massachusetts House Journal, June 8, 15, November 16, December 1, 1716, pp. 10, 16, 41, 52.

233 Treasurer Richards’s Book. On November 1, 1677, Ammi R. Corlet, a Fellow, was paid five shillings “for washing & sweeping the library in new Colledge” (id.). On August 23, 1679, £1.16.0. was paid to John Palfrey “on the president’s note for 1 doz. Stooles for Colledge Library” (id.). On October 14, 1679, Daniel Gookin was paid “3s. money Sweepeing Colledge pr Rob^t browne for 1 year expiring Sept. last” (id.). On April 8, 1695, the Corporation voted that “six leather Chairs be forthwith provided for y^e Use of y^e Library, & six more before y^e Commencement in Case y^e Treasury will allow of it” (p. 350, below). For Treasurer Richards’s Book, see p. xxviii note 1, above.

234 In T. Hutchinson, Collection of Original Papers (1769), p. 501.

235 Massachusetts Colony Records, v. 143–144. The Spencer lot (see the plan facing p. lxviii, above) was bought by the College on June 12, 1697, from Michael Spencer (Middlesex Deeds, xii. 80–82), who had previously bought it from Thomas Sweetman (whose daughter Rebecca was the wife of Spencer) on December 10, 1677 (id. viii. 287). In the latter deed of sale there is mention of the “garden next the new Colledge.” On April 28, 1712, the Corporation voted “That the Orchard purchased of Michael Spencer & lately fenced, be assign’d for a place of recreation & exercise for the Scholars” (p. 401, below). On April 19, 1737, the Corporation voted “That the Northerly part of the Land improved by the Late President [Wadsworth] and that adjoynes to the playing pasture for the Schollars be Layd open to the said playing pasture for the Enlargment of the same” (p. 656, below).

236 2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, ix. 100–101.

237 2 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vi. 610. Hubbard, it will be observed, stated that the new building was erected “not far from the place where the former stood.” This passage makes it possible to assign an approximate date to the demolition of the first Harvard College. It was still standing, or at least in part, in May, 1677, and it had disappeared when Hubbard wrote. His Generall History of New England, though not published until 1815, was apparently practically finished in 1680, for on June 11 in that year the General Court appointed a committee “to peruse” the work and “make returne of their opinion thereof to the next session, that the Court may then, as they shall then judge meete, take order for the impression thereof” (Massachusetts Colony Records, v. 279); and on October 11, 1682, the Court granted Hubbard £50, “he transcribing” his History “fairely into a booke, that it may be the more easely pervsed, in order to the satisfaction of this Court” (v. 378, 394). The passage quoted in the text expresses the hope that God would “send or confirm and continue a President, for the carrying on of that hopeful work.” This would seem to be a clear reference to Urian Oakes, who, though he had been Acting President from April 7, 1675, did not actually become President until February 9, 1680. Hence the passage was presumably written between May, 1677, and February 9, 1680, and the demolition of the first Harvard College may be conjecturally assigned to 1679.

238 P. 832, below.

239 P. 367, below.

240 Throughout the period covered in these volumes, the term “the House” was frequently used in a sense that has long been obsolete—namely, meaning the institution. Thus in the College Laws of 1642–1646 penalties were inflicted “If any Scholar shall transgresse any of ye Lawes of God or the House out of perversnesse or apparent negligence” (p. 27, below), where the words “ye Lawes of God or the House” translate the Latin “Dei et hujus Collegij Legem” (p. 31, below). In 1650 it was ordered that the Butler or Cook shall not “suffer any Schollar or Schollars whatever except the ffellows, Masters of Art, ffellow Commoners or Officers of the house to come into the Butteryes or Kitchin save w^th their Parents or Guardians, or w^th some grave & sober strangers” (p. 34, below). In 1712 Addington Davenport, “A Son of the House”—he had graduated in 1689—was admitted Master of Arts (p. 402, below). In 1741 the Corporation told William Shirley “that (as the Governour of this Province) You are the first Overseer of that house” (p. 709). In 1743 Colin Campbell of Jamaica was thanked “for his Generosity to this House, in giving” certain mathematical and astronomical instruments (p. 744, below). For other examples of this use, see the index under “House.”

The term “Scholar of the House” soon arose, and in 1667 the duties of the office, to which a small salary was attached, were thus defined: “The Schollars of the house shall take a strict Account of all the Buildings, Chambers, Studyes &, fences, belonging to the Colledge & shall give an account quarterly to the Treasurer w^t dammage the Colledge hath susteyned in any of the aforementioned p^rticulars & by whom” (p. 204, below). At first resident graduates and undergraduates were appointed to this office, but an entry in the Corporation meeting of September 6, 1742, reads: “Mem^o for Next Year, Not convenient (on acc^o of their absence in the Spring) to have Sen^r Sophisters Scholars of the House” (p. 728, below).

For the occasional application of the word “House” to a building, see p. cxxx note, below).

241 P. 378, below.

242 P. 403, below.

243 P. 404, below. On the same day (July 25, 1712) Sewall “Went to Cambridge in the Castle Barge with the L^t Gov^r . . . to a Corporation Meeting,” and recorded that the committee “view’d the Roof of the Colledge which S. Andrews built, and judg’d it necessary to be taken down, by reason of the Rain and Rottenness the Gable-Ends had convey’d to the Timbers” (Diary, iii. 357).

244 P. 408, below.

245 Leverett’s Diary, p. 73.

246 Pp. 74, 75.

247 P. 75.

248 Aaron Cleveland was one of the three carpenters.

249 Leverett’s Diary, pp. 75–76.

250 P. 452, below.

251 P. 502, below. On April 20, 1724, the Corporation voted “that ’twill very much Conduce to the good order of the College, that a Tut^r inhabit one of the Norwest Rooms of the Old College, and that it be ꝑposed to M^r Prince to View the two Lower Rooms in that Quarter of the s̄^d College, and choose w^ch of ’em wilbe most agreeable to him, and that the Room be prepared for his Reception accordingly” (p. 506, below). On August 11, 1724, the Corporation voted that “the Lower Chamber in the North west Corner of the Old College be assigned to M^r Monis for the managing of his Hebrew Jnstructions” (p. 512, below).

252 P. 513, below.

253 P. 818, below.

254 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vii. 55. It is not quite clear whether Russell’s chamber was in the second Harvard College or in a building close to it. If the latter, perhaps the third President’s House (1680–1719), which apparently was near the second Harvard College, is referred to, for it was by no means uncommon for a student (undergraduate or graduate) to live in the President’s House: see p. cxiii note 6, below.

255 Magnalia (1702), bk. iv. pt. i. § 5, p. 130.

256 On April 11, 1732, owing to the fact that “there has of late been a considerable Quantity of Lead cut off from ye top of y^e old College, to y^e great Detriment of the said House,” the Corporation voted that “y^e Door leading up to y^e top of said College, be locked,” that “if any scholar be found on y^e top of y^e said College without Leave . . . he shall be liable to y^e penalty of five shillings,” and that “if any scholar shall presume to cut off any Lead from y^e said College, he shall suffer a fine of ten shillings, and satisfy for all Damages” (p. 598, below). This vote was embodied in the College Laws of 1734 (p. 144, below).

257 Boston News Letter, November 6, 1704, p. 2/2.

258 Holyoke Diaries (1911), p. 46.

259 “The College Bell also is gone,” wrote Mrs. Mascarene on January 30, 1764 (our Publications, xiv. 4 note). See Mr. F. Apthorp Foster’s paper on “The Burning of Harvard Hall, 1764, and its Consequences,” in our Publications, xiv. 2–43.

260 The following advertisement appeared in the Boston News Letter of July 14, 1726, p. 2/2:

THIS Day is Published a Prospect of the Colledges in Cambridge in New England, curiously Engraven in Copper; and are to be sold at Mr. Price’s Print-seller, over against the Town-House, Mr. Randal Jappaner in Ann-Street, by Mr. Stedman in Cambridge, and the Book-sellers of Boston.

This was repeated, with the change of “This Day is Published” to “Lately Published,” in the same paper of July 21 (p. 2/2) and July 28 (p. 2/2), 1726. It was dedicated “To the Honourable William Dummer Esq^r Lieutenant Governour of y^e Province of the Massachusets Bay,” who, in the absence of Governor Shute in England, was at the time Acting Governor. In 1743 the print was reissued by William Price, dedicated to Lieutenant-Governor Spencer Phips and with a legend (reprinted in 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xviii. 318–319) giving a brief history of the College. “To be sold by William Price, at the Looking-Glass and Picture Shop in Cornhill, near the Town-House, A new Prospect of Boston, . . . and Prospect of the Colleges in Cambridge, New-England” (Boston Evening Post, September 12, 1743, p. 2/2, and October 3, p. 2/2).

261 Boston News Letter, February 2, 1764, p. 2/1.

262 Holden Chapel.

263 Columbian Magazine, ii. 673. An interesting description of the building and of college life in 1759–1763 by Timothy Pickering will be found in his Life (1867), i. 9–12 note.

264 For a “Plan of Harvard Hall built in 1764,” the “South Front of Harvard Hall at Cambridge in New England,” and a “View of Harvard College about 1764,” all by Du Simitière, see our Publications, xiv. 16, 42, 66.

265 Pp. 357–358, below.

266 P. 360, below.

267 Treasurer Brattle’s Book, p. 55.

268 Pp. 282, 842, below. Danforth’s will was dated September 1, 1699, he died November 5, and the will was proved November 16 (Middlesex Probate Files, no. 5915); but it was not until October 21, 1724, that the Corporation was informed of the legacy (p. 515, below).

269 Pp. 363–364, below.

270 Treasurer Brattle’s Book, p. 61.

271 P. 378, below.

272 P. 383, below.

273 P. 391, below.

274 Pp. 403, 404, below.

275 Holyoke Diaries, p. 1.

276 P. 408, below.

277 Leverett’s Diary, pp. 73–74.

278 P. 423, below.

279 Leverett’s Diary, pp. 93–94.

280 P. 457, below.

281 Pp. 458–459, below.

282 P. 460, below.

283 Leverett’s Diary, pp. 194–195.

284 Massachusetts House Journal, pp. 42, 43.

285 Harvard Magazine (1864), x. 96.

286 P. 522, below. Presumably this was the famous pump that used often to be blown up by the students and was finally removed some years ago.

287 Massachusetts House Journal, p. 116.

288 P. 818, below.

289 In Peirce, History, p. 71 note 1. On April 2, 1831, Paine Wingate wrote to Mr. Peirce: “I was at College at the time of the earthquake to which you refer, and believe the effects of it were as visible at Cambridge as in any part of the country; but I don’t know that the injury done to Stoughton College at that time was greater than to brick buildings generally. . . . I never supposed that the injury done to it by the earthquake was the cause of its being demolished” (p. 314).

290 Faculty Records, iv. 116.

291 Faculty Records, iv. 272.

292 Overseers’ Records, iii. 226.

293 College Book VIII. 103–104.

294 Faculty Records, iv. 273.

295 College Book VIII. 104.

296 College Book VIII. 104–105.

297 Columbian Magazine, ii. 673.

298 Donation Book, i. 175. Cf. Peirce, History, p. 71

299 See Mr. Lane’s exhaustive paper on “The Building of Massachusetts Hall, 1717–1720,” with plans, in our Publications, xxiv. 81–110.

300 P. 450, below.

301 P. 452, below.

302 Leverett’s Diary, p. 178.

303 Massachusetts House Journal, p. 10.

304 Massachusetts House Journal, p. 6.

305 Diary, iii. 259. The youths were Edmund Quincy of the Class of 1722 and Samuel Hirst (a grandson of Sewall’s) of the Class of 1723.

306 P. 456, below.

307 P. 474, below.

308 P. 522, below.

309 P. 523, below.

310 Itinerarium (1907), pp. 173–174. The clock is also seen in the “View of Harvard College about 1764,” by Du Simitière, facing p. 66 of our Publications, xiv.

311 In a plan made about 1765, President Holyoke gave the width as 42 feet (see Plan H, facing p. 260, below); and in another place he wrote: “The length of Massachusetts Hall 109 feet” (p. 335, below).

312 Columbian Magazine, ii. 673.

313 The College of William and Mary was founded in 1693, and the original building, designed by Sir Christopher Wren, was intended to be in the form of a square; but, owing to lack of funds, only two sides of the quadrangle were built, and in 1705 these were destroyed by fire. Rebuilt on a somewhat different plan, the edifice was injured by fire in 1859 and again in the Civil War; but President Lyon G. Tyler informed the present Editor in 1900 that the walls are those of 1705: hence it is the oldest college building now existing in this country.

The first college building to be erected at New Haven was a wooden structure, the frame of which was raised October 8, 1717, and at Commencement (September 12) in 1718 it was “most solemnly named our College by the name of Yale College, to perpetuate the memory of the Hon^ble Gov^r. Elihu Yale, Esq; of London, who had granted so liberal and bountiful a donation for the perfecting and adorning of it” (in F. B. Dexter, Yale Biographies and Annals, i. 177). “It was,” wrote President Clap in 1766, “170 Feet long, 22 Feet wide, and 3 Story high; made a handsome Appearance, and contained near 50 Studies in convenient Chambers, besides the Hall, Library, and Kitchen” (Annals or History of Yale-College, p. 24). On August 17, 1782, President Stiles wrote: “As we are about to build a new dining Hall & Kitchen, this day began to pull down the Remnant of old College. The old Coll. Edifice was built 1717 three stories high & 170 feet long. Two Thirds of it was pulled down 6 or 7 years ago—leaving the Hall, Buttery & Kitchen standing;” and later added: “[Finished its Demolition Oct. 1782.]” (Literary Diary, iii. 35).

314 See pp. cxxix–cxxx, below.

315 P. 172, below.

316 Cambridge Proprietors’ Records (1896), p. 16.

317 P. lxix note, above. Exactly what became of the Peyntree house is not known. Perhaps it was “the old house” which is twice mentioned in an account of the rents drawn up by President Chauncy, undated, but apparently written in or about 1656 or 1658 (p. 19, below).

318 Elizabeth (Harris) Glover was the second wife and the widow of the Rev. Jose Glover, who had died on his passage to New England with a printing press in the summer or autumn of 1638. In calling Mrs. Glover “the second wife of President Henry Dunster” (Harvard Graduates, ii. 247), Sibley fell into one of his few errors.

319 The christian name of Dunster’s second wife was Elizabeth, but her surname is not known.

320 Massachusetts Colony Records, ii. 84.

321 In Peirce, History, Appendix, p. 152.

322 Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 30.

323 P. 207, below.

324 P. 208, below.

325 Where Chauncy lived from November 27, 1654, until the President’s House was vacated by Dunster in the spring of 1655, does not appear. On November 1, 1654, the General Court, “having considered of the moc̄on that hath binn made in behalf of M^r Chancy, for the providing of a howse & other accom̄odac̄ons for his setlement at Cambridge, doe judg meete to referr what yett remaines to be donne to the honored & reuerend ouerseers, to whom it most propperly belongs” (Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. ii. pt. i. p. 216). On January 8, 1666, the town “Granted liberty to fell timber on the com̄on To the Coll. for mending y^r fences ab^t y^e p^rsid^ts garden” (Cambridge Town Records, p. 160). On September 27, 1670, the Treasurer was ordered by the Corporation “to rebuild the Presidents fences against the high way with a stone wall & pay for it out of the Colledge Treāry” (p. 225, below; cf. p. 52, below). This shows that the second President’s House (Dunster’s house) faced what is now Massachusetts Avenue on the west.

326 Early Press of Massachusetts (Club of Odd Volumes, 1907), i. 80, 149. On May 10, 1652, “Liberty is granted by the Townsmen to Mr. Dunster for to fell some timber on the common, about 2 tun, for the repare of his house and fences, but not for the use of the Colledge to take any of the common” (Cambridge Town Records, 1901, p. 95). Quoting this passage, Mr. Littlefield remarked: “Evidently Mr. Dunster was making repairs considerably larger than would be necessary in a house that had been built only a few years.” This is slight evidence on which to base the conclusion of a removal of the house.

327 See p. cxiii, below.

328 Paige, History of Cambridge, pp. 270–271; A. McKenzie, Lectures on the History of the First Church in Cambridge (1873), pp. 120, 263; Harvard Book (1875), ii. 26–28; Historic Guide to Cambridge (1907), pp. 18–20. The parsonage lot, together with the meeting-house lot, came into the possession of the College in 1833, and the house was taken down in 1843.

329 Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 103.

330 Altered from “nearer.”

331 The words within square brackets appear to have been inadvertently omitted.

332 Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 103a.

333 Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 106.

334 These extracts are copied from the original, so far as that is decipherable: see p. xxviii note 1, above. That the three documents from the Massachusetts Archives should have thus far escaped notice is not so strange, but it is singular that the significance of the items in Richards’s Book should have hitherto caught no one’s eye, for those items were printed as long ago as 1862: see p. xxviii note 1, above.

335 P. 340, below.

336 Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 209a.

337 Harvard College Papers, i. 65.

338 Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 219.

339 Court Records, vii. 175. John Leverett was one of this committee.

340 Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 226. Mather is the only President who has not lived in Cambridge. On September 5, 1692, the Corporation voted that “y^e Treasurer of the Colledge take care y^t y^e Presidents Horse be well kept at y^e Charge of the Colledge” (p. 340, below). On June 8, 1696, the Corporation voted that “y^e Colledge Treasurer should pay to y^e Rev^d Presid^t such mony as he should need to purchase a horse with, for y^e better Capacitating him to make his Visits &c at y^e Colledge” (p. 353, below). From July 4, 1693, to July 11, 1696, the sum of £482.2.0 was paid out in “Salaries &c & for keeping y^e Presid^ts Horse” (p. 414, below). The following item, dated April 11, 1701, is found in Treasurer Brettle’s Book: “Cash Sent m^r Presid^t on his note 4^ƚb 13^s to pay Peggy keeping his horse 13^lb at 6/ꝑ week, & for keeping him 3 weeks at Cambridg at 5/ ꝑ week” (p. 66).

341 Leverett’s mansion house stood on the Wigglesworth lot: see the plan facing p. lxviii, above. The lot in 1635 was owned by the Rev. Thomas Hooker, and after his departure in 1636 became the property of the Rev. Thomas Shepard, whose second wife was Mr. Hooker’s daughter Joanna. On August 21, 1650, the Rev. Jonathan Mitchell (1647) succeeded Mr. Shepard (who had died August 25, 1649) as pastor of the First Church; on November 19th following Mr. Mitchell married Mr. Shepard’s third wife and widow Margaret; and on February 28, 1651, Mr. Mitchell bought the Shepard homestead. Mr. Mitchell died July 9, 1668, and on the death of his wife Margaret in 1691 the homestead was inherited by her son Jonathan Mitchell (1687) and her daughter Margaret Mitchell, the latter of whom had married Stephen Sewall of Salem on June 13, 1682. Jonathan Mitchell died March 14, 1695, and devised his share to his sister, Mrs. Sewall. John Leverett bought the estate of Stephen and Margaret (Mitchell) Sewall on February 4, 1696, and on his death in 1724 it went to his daughters Sarah Leverett and Mary (Leverett) Denison. On May 4, 1726, Mrs. Denison conveyed her half to her sister Sarah, who on June 11, 1726, sold the house and part of the estate to Professor Edward Wigglesworth, to whom she was married four days later (June 15). From Professor Edward Wigglesworth the estate went to his son, the second Professor Edward Wigglesworth, who died June 17, 1794, and on October 17th it was bought by the College. The house was removed in 1844. (Middlesex Deeds, x. 488, xxv. 191, 410, 689, cxvi. 295, 296; Middlesex Probate Files, no. 14045; Harvard Book, ii. 22–25.)

342 Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 265.

343 Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 265.

344 Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 270.

345 Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 273.

346 Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 274. One charge was as follows: “1703. Payd Nath^l Adams for a New Pump £3.0.0.” To this Leverett has appended the note: “The pump was Sett & made new for M^r Willard; I disburs’d y^e money & was never reimburs’d” (Massachusetts Province Laws, ix. 105).

347 The date usually given is 1720, but Leverett’s letter of December 6, 1720, quoted in the text, states that “the yearly revenue . . . has now ceased for a year and a half,” which would indicate June in 1719 as the approximate date of the demolition of the house.

348 Mather was the only non-resident President, but he was allowed the revenue derived from the President’s House: see p. cx, above. It was not uncommon for a President to eke out his meagre salary by taking boarders or lodgers. Thus, Samuel Haugh was placed by his father “a scholler to be taught by his late master M^r Nathaniell Eaton at Cambridge in New England and to be boarded in house w^th him” and he “abode as a scholler & boarder w^th his said master Nathaniell Eaton about foure weekes” (in T. Lechford, Note-Book, 1885, p. 361). Nathaniel Rowe was sent “vnto M^r Eaton, y^e marchants brother, to be instructed in the rudiments of the Lattine tongue” and “liued w^th him about a moneth” (Winthrop Papers, iii. 320). Richard Lyon, the tutor of William Mildmay, lived with President Dunster (Sibley, Harvard Graduates, i. 165 note). There is mention of “the study which was Sir Pelham’s, in the chamber above the printing room” (Proceedings American Antiquarian Society, vi. 345), the latter being in President Dunster’s house. President Holyoke often mentions boarders and lodgers and while he occupied Wadsworth House one of the rooms was known as the “Boarders Chamber” (Holyoke Diaries, 1911, pp. 11, 13, 17, 20, 25, 28).

349 Massachusetts Hall.

350 Harvard College Papers, i. 128.

351 See p. cxii, above.

352 P. 485, below. For the third President’s House, see also Massachusetts Province Laws, vii. 262, 653, 671–672, ix. 37, 69, 79, 105.

It is presumed that the allusion in the text (under date of April 1, 1723) is to the third President’s House. But it should be pointed out that during the presidency of Leverett, owing to the fact that he lived not in the third President’s House but in his own mansion house, there is ambiguity about the term “President’s House.” Thus, the meetings of the Corporation “at the President’s House” in 1720 and 1721 (pp. 448, 459, 460, 462, below) must have been held in Leverett’s mansion house, since the third President’s House had been demolished in or about June, 1719. Again, meetings of the Corporation “at the President’s House” in 1711 and 1712 (pp. 395, 398, 402, below) were also presumably held in Leverett’s mansion house. Once more, when Sewall “went to the President’s house” on July 2, 1712 (Diary, ii. 355), and when he stated on July 6, 1719, that certain students were “examined by the President, Mr. Flynt and Sever at the President’s house” (iii. 222), he was presumably referring to Leverett’s mansion house. On the other hand, when the Judge on April 8, 1707, carried his son Joseph “a small piece of Plate to present his Tutor [Jonathan Remington] with,” and “View’d his [Joseph’s] Chamber in the President’s House, which I like” (ii 183), presumably Joseph’s chamber was in the third President’s House. In 1892 a writer wrongly stated that “The room which Joseph Sewall was now to occupy was in the house built by President Dunster” (New England Genealogical and Historical Register, xlvi. 7).

353 Pp. 508–509, below.

354 Massachusetts House Journal, p. 39.

355 P. 511, below.

356 P. 517, below.

357 P. 523, below.

358 Wadsworth’s Diary, p. 5. This passage is crossed out in the original.

359 Massachusetts House Journal, pp. 50–51.

360 Pp. 52–53.

361 P. 64.

362 In its memorial of August 21, 1726, the Corporation said that the house “could not be had for more than nine months, begining Jun. 28. 1725. When yt time expired, he [President Wadsworth] could no where hire a convenient House for himself, his Family is divided, some dwelling in one House & some in another, his Household Goods are dispos’d of in several Houses & Barns” (p. 542, below). The nine months expired on March 28, 1726, yet Wadsworth himself stayed in the Leverett house until May 9 and it was not until May 20 that all his family “left m^r Leverett’s House” (p. cxviii, below). On January 5, 1726, the General Court appropriated £30 “for the Children and Heirs of the late President Leverett, and is for Nine Months Rent of the said Mr. President Leveretts Mansion House and homestead, &c. at Cambridge, hired by a Committee of this Court in their last Session” (Massachusetts House Journal, p. 105; cf. Massachusetts Province Laws, x. 736). On November 26, 1726, there was read in the House a petition from Sarah Leverett and Mary Denison showing that “for four years before the Death” of their father “he had no House allowed him as all other Presidents had the President’s House being pulled down to make Room for the New College by which he lost Twenty Pounds a Year, And that there is now due to the Petitioners two Months Rent of their House in which Mr. President Wadsworth dwelt;” and the House voted £30 “in full Satisfaction of and in Answer to the Petition Viz Twenty Pounds in Consideration of the late President Leverett’s Salary from April 14 to May 3 1724, And Ten Pounds in Consideration of the two Months House Rent mentioned in the Petition,” and on December 13th the Council concurred (Massachusetts Province Laws, xi. 86; cf. Massachusetts House Journal, p. 6; Massachusetts Province Laws, x. 619–620, 736).

363 Massachusetts House Journal, p. 2.

364 Pp. 77–78.

365 P. 86.

366 P. 87.

367 P. 94.

368 Massachusetts House Journal, pp. 99–100. Cf. Massachusetts Province Laws, x. 731–732.

369 Massachusetts House Journal, p. 101.

370 P. 111.

371 Pp. 534–535, below.

372 Wadsworth’s Diary, p. 31. Wadsworth married Ruth Bordman, the sister of Andrew Bordman (the College Steward from 1703 to 1747).

373 Wadsworth’s Diary, p. 32.

374 Pp. 541–542, below.

375 The memorial was presented to the House on August 25, when it was “Read. And the House entred into Consideration of the said Memorial, and the Question was put upon a Motion made, Whether a Committee should be sent to view the Building within mentioned? It pass’d in the Negative. Then the Question was put, Whether any further Allowance shall be made the Memorialists out of the Publick Treasury for the Use aforesaid? It pass’d in the Negative” (House Journal, pp. 4–5; cf. p. 545, below). “The General Court,” dryly remarked Quincy, “by paying one thousand out of eighteen hundred pounds of the cost, have enjoyed the credit, ever since, of building a house for the President of the College” (History, i. 382).

376 P. 543, below.

377 P. 544, below.

378 P. 544, below.

379 Wadsworth’s Diary, p. 37.

380 P. 550, below.

381 P. 567, below.

382 P. 604, below.

383 P. 653, below.

384 P. 654, below. It seems probable from this entry that when Edward Holyoke became President later in the year, the “College books and papers” were returned to Wadsworth House. If this was so, then the preservation of most of the College Books when the second Harvard College was burned in 1764 is accounted for. Yet one of the Library Laws adopted May 20, 1736, specified that “y^e College Records (except those of frequent use) shall be kept in a suitable strong Receptacle in y^e Library, and y^e Key thereof kept by y^e President or senior resident Fellow” (p. 133, below).

385 P. 667, below.

386 P. 770, below.

387 P. 778, below.

388 See the Harvard Book, i. 137–142. In a letter dated August 10, 1872, Miss Eliza Susan Quincy wrote: “I am often asked the question, ‘Is it possible, Miss Quincy, that you resided sixteen years in that house? You could not have kept a carriage, for there is no stable.’ ‘Yes, we did,’ I reply: ‘we had not only a stable and coach-house, but also a large garden and an extensive court-yard, filled with trees and flowering shrubs, which are now cut down, or turned into the street” (1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xii. 262). From this it would appear that in President Quincy’s day the “garden” was in front of the house. In 1732 “the purchasing for ye College” certain “Lands adjoining to y^e President’s orchard” was mooted (pp. 599, 600, below); on June 14, 1743, the Corporation voted “That the Fence round the Pres^dts Orchard be renew’d & repair’d as soon as may be” (p. 736, below); and the “Ditch in y^e Presidents Orchard” is shown on a plan drawn by President Holyoke about 1765 (see Plan H, facing p. 260, below). In the inventory of 1654 the President’s “barne” is mentioned” (p. 208, below).

389 P. lxxii, above.

390 See the index to these volumes.

391 P. xcii, above.

392 Magnalia (1702), bk. iv. pt. i. § 4, pp. 127–128.

393 P. 25, above. The word “Church” is interlined.

394 P. 209, below. Another item in the same inventory mentions “Gallery room” (p. 210, below).

395 P. 832, below. In 1686 there are allusions to “gallery money” (pp. 259, 260, below). On August 30, 1708, the Corporation voted that “y^e Gallery mony paid by every Schollar at his admission be six shillings” (p. 383, below). One of the College Laws of 1734 reads: “Every Scholar in the first Quarter Bill made up after his Admission, Shall be charged Six Shillings, to the Use of the College, for Gallery money” (p. 135, below).

396 The College also contributed to the expense of the fourth meeting-house. This stood very near the site of the third; it was raised on November 17, 1756; services were first held in it on July 24, 1757; and it was taken down in 1833, when the meeting-house lot, in the southwest corner of the present College Yard, was bought by the College. When the meeting-house of the First Parish was built in 1833 opposite Massachusetts Hall, the College contributed a portion of the expense. (Paige, History of Cambridge, pp. 293, 304.)

397 P. 371, below.

398 P. 376, below.

399 Diary, ii. 190.

400 P. 437, below. On October 20, 1735, the Corporation took the following action:

Whereas there is a good Stone Wall erected, & erecting, round y^e Burying place in Cambridge, . . . and whereas there has a considerable regard had to y^e College in building so good & handsome a Wall in y^e Front; and y^e College has us’d, and expects to make use of, y^e Burying place as Providence gives occasion for it, therefore voted, yt as soon as the Stone Wall shall be compleated, y^e Treasurer pay y^e Sum of twenty five pounds to . . . a Com̄ittee for y^e Town to take care of y^e said Fence (p. 642, below).

This is the old burial place at the corner of Massachusetts Avenue and Garden Street, sometimes called “God’s Acre:” see Kittredge Anniversary Papers (1913), pp. 217–226; our Publications, xxiv. 293–296.

401 P. 757, below.

402 P. 757, below.

403 P. 775, below.

404 For penalties imposed for tardiness or misbehavior at, or absence from, prayers, see the index to these volumes under that word. Cf. Harvard Book, ii. 120–146.

405 Cf. Report on the Connection at various Times existing between the First Parish in Cambridge and Harvard College (1851), and Professor A. B. Hart’s paper on “The Relations between Harvard College and the First Church in Cambridge,” in 2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, v. 396–416.

406 In the Corporation records and elsewhere he is referred to as “Governor of the Bank of England;” but in the Gentleman’s Magazine for 1740 he is called “Governor of the Russia Company, a Director of the Bank, and M.P. for Eastlow, Cornwall” (x. 317).

407 See letters of Isaac Watts, in 2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, ix. 337, 382, 383, 386, 388, 390, 393, 396; Harvard Book, i. 58–60; Samuel F. Batchelder’s paper on “The Singular Story of Holden Chapel,” in his Bits of Harvard History (1924), pp. 1–33.

408 P. 715, below.

409 On February 19, 1760, he noted: “Mr. Flynt buried & funeral Oration in the Chapel p^r M^r Lovell;” and on January 23, 1764: “This Day Hollis Hall was named by Govern^r Fra. Bernard in the Presence of the Gen^l Court both Council & House in the Chapel” (Holyoke Diaries, pp. 22, 27).

410 Holyoke Diaries, pp. 32, 33, 34, 36.

411 P. 748, below.

412 P. 818, below.

413 Summary, i. 543–544. On October 25, 1750, Capt. Francis Goelet visited Cambridge, which he described as “a neat Pleasant Village and Consists of ab^t an Hundred Houses and three Collages, which are a Plain Old Fabrick of no manner of Archetect and the Present much Out of Repair, . . . its Apartments are Pretty Large The Library is very Large and well Stored with Books, but much Abused by Frequent use. . . . Drank a Glass Wine with the Collegians” (New England Historical and Genealogical Register, xxiv. 60).

414 For buildings other than those described in the text, see the index to these volumes under “College buildings.”

415 The dates of raising and of first occupation are given in those cases where they are known.

416 The building was presumably begun before September 7, 1638 (p. lxx, above); the frame was “already raised” in 1639 (p. 172, below); and the building was first occupied in September, 1642 (p. lxxii, above). Attention may be called to the fact that the time-honored Americanism “College Yard,” once common throughout the country but now displaced practically everywhere except at Harvard by “Campus,” occurs at Cambridge as early as 1639 (p. 172, below; cf. our Publications, iii. 431–437; Harvard Graduates’ Magazine, March, 1903, xi. 375–377).

417 On November 13, 1644, the General Court appropriated money for this house, but presumably it was not ready for occupancy until 1645.

418 This building was perhaps begun in 1653 or 1654, but probably it was not occupied until 1655.

419 The frame was raised on August 7, 1674 (p. lxxxvi, above); books were transferred from the first Harvard College to the library of the second Harvard College in 1676 (p. lxxxvi, above); by 1677 the library was completely finished (p. lxxxviii, above), and the Commencement exercises were held; in the building (p. lxxxviii, above).

420 Begun in or about 1719, but not occupied until 1720 (p. cii, above).

421 The frame was raised May 24, the house was first occupied October 27, and President Wadsworth moved in on November 4, 1726 (pp. cxviii, cxix, above).

422 The foundation was laid in June, 1742, but the building was not finished until 1744 (pp. cxxv–cxxvi, above). It was abandoned as a chapel in 1766 (S. F. Batchelder, Bits of Harvard History, p. 16).

423 This section is based on two papers by the Editor: “On the Use of the Words College and Hall in the United States,” in Dialect Notes, 1900, ii. 91–114; and “Harvard Terms: ‘College’ and ‘Hall,’” in the Harvard Graduates’ Magazine, December, 1904, xiii. 244–246. See also the discussion in the Nation for October 24, November 7, 14, 21, 28, 1895, lxi. 293, 327, 346, 362, 387; and Harvard Graduates’ Magazine (1894), iii. 1–8, (1904) xii. 528, (1921) xxix. 365–371.

424 Goffe’s College had a kitchen (p. lxxviii, above), but that was merely because it had previously been a private house. From 1642 to 1814 commons were served only in the three buildings to each of which the name Harvard College (or Hall) was attached, except that between the burning of the second Harvard College in 1764 and the completion of the present Harvard Hall, two rooms in Hollis Hall were assigned as dining rooms (our Publications, x. 35 note 1).

425 It was hazarded in 1699 by Cotton Mather, who in the dedication to his Decennium Luctuosum wrote: “The Nameless Writer of this History may Report, that with a greater Expence than that of the First Founder, this Honourable Person”—William Stoughton—“proves that he Loves our Nation, by Building us another Edifice for the Supply of all our Synagogues, and STOUGHTONHALL outshines HARVARD-COLLEDGE” (Magnalia, 1702, bk. vii. app. p. 58). But that was merely a chance use of the word. While in course of erection, Massachusetts Hall was frequently called “College” or “New College,” and apparently the name Massachusetts Hall first appeared on November 4, 1720 (see p. cii, above).

It has already been pointed out (p. lxxxix note 3, above) that the term “the House” was often employed before 1750 in the sense of the institution. Occasionally the word House is found applied to a building. Thus in 1707 “the 2 Houses” (p. 378, below) meant the second Harvard College and Stoughton College; in 1721 “the House” (p. 456) meant Massachusetts Hall and “the s̄^d House” (pp. 458, 459) meant Stoughton College; in 1732 “the said House” (p. 598, below) meant the second Harvard College; and in 1750 “y^e several Houses” (p. 821) meant the second Harvard College, Stoughton College, and Massachusetts Hall. It is rather surprising that the word House did not come into use as a colloquial or even as an official designation for a specific building, but it does not appear to have done so, except in the case of the building built for or occupied by the President. There is, however, an allusion (in 1721) to “Stoughton House” (p. 460, below). At a much later period the word was in official use for certain dormitories, as in College House and Holyoke House.

426 But though College in this sense was not used as an official designation in Cambridge after 1781, curiously enough it was later employed in Boston. Early in the nineteenth century the Medical School needed a building, money was raised by subscription, a grant was obtained from the State, and “in 1816, the building erected in Mason Street [Boston] was opened for lectures, under the name of the ‘Massachusetts Medical College.’” This building proving insufficient after forty years, Dr. George Parkman offered “a piece of land in North Grove Street as a site for a Medical College, . . . the estate in Mason Street was sold . . . and the new structure, known, as was the former one, under the name of the Massachusetts Medical College, was ready for occupation in the autumn of 1846” (Dr. O. W. Holmes, in Harvard Book, i. 242, 245).

427 “Yesterday,” wrote Charles Sumner on October 24, 1832, “Dane Law College . . . , a beautiful Grecian Temple, . . . was dedicated to the law” (in Memoir and Letters, 1878, i. 116). “The two friends,” remarked William W. Story in 1851, “lived together in the upper story of the south-easterly corner of Massachusetts College” (Life of Joseph Story, i. 47). Perhaps that was the last time the word College was applied to a specific building in Cambridge; but such an expression (written about 1894) as Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes’s “I was born close to the colleges” (in Life and Letters, 1896, i. 39) is still heard.

428 Nation, lxi. 293.

429 Nation, lxi. 364.

430 It should be pointed out that English writers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, such as Richard Blome, Daniel Neal, John Ogilby, John Oldmixon, etc., who had never visited this country, did not understand the situation, were clearly puzzled, and mistakenly attributed to Harvard the English system of separate colleges; and that hence what they say, being necessarily taken from other writers, must be received with caution.

431 Harvard historians have not always been careful to distinguish between these three buildings, and hence some writers have been misled into thinking that what Quincy labelled “First Harvard Hall” in the “List of Engravings” in the first volume of his History (p. xxiv), and which is reproduced with the same label in the Harvard Book, i. 72, was the building erected in 1638–1642, whereas it was the second Harvard College (1677–1764).

432 In the index to these volumes, an attempt has been made to indicate in each case the building referred to, but the reader should be warned that mistakes have perhaps been made.

433 Winthrop wrote that Eaton “had entertained one Nathaniel Briscoe, a gentleman born, to be his usher, and to do some other things for him, which might not be unfit for a scholar;” and that “it was testified by another of his ushers and divers of his scholars,” etc. (History of New England, 1853, i. 171, 172).

434 P. 17, below.

435 See p. lxxi note 1, above.

436 P. 175, below.

437 P. 180, below. Cf. p. cxxxiii note 6, below.

438 Pp. 25, 26, 27, 188, 189, below. The Latin version has “Tutores” (pp. 29, 30, 31, below). Whether the College Laws of 1642–1646 were originally written in Latin or in English is not known; but the point is immaterial, since there are other instances of Tutor before May 31, 1650.

439 See p. lxxv, above.

440 P. 35, below.

441 Pp. 27, 190, below.

442 P. 24, below.

443 Plymouth Colony Records, ix. 94, 95. The word “fellowship” also occurs in this document, for other instances of which see the index to these volumes.

444 Massachusetts Colony Records, ii. 221.

445 Will of Matthew Day: “I doe giue with all my heart all that part I haue in the Garden unto the fellowes of Harvard Colledge for euer” (Middlesex Deeds, i. 2). Here we have by implication the term “Fellows’ Orchard,” though that term itself is not found until after 1650. Part of the garden had been given to the College by John Bulkley in 1645 (pp. 201, 205–206, below). For the location of the Fellows’ Orchard, which was bounded on the east by the parsonage lot, see the plan facing p. lxviii, above.

446 Pp. 33, 34, below.

447 Pp. 27, 190, below. In an account of “The distribution made of the moneys given from the several colonyes” (p. 180, below), apparently for the years 1643–1650, the word “Fellow” occurs half a dozen times and the word “fellowship” once; but that account is in the hand of Thomas Danforth, the original from which it was copied is not extant, and so it cannot be accepted as proof that the word Fellow was actually in use before 1650: see p. lxxi note 1, above.

448 Something like thirty-five variations will be found in the index to these volumes under Fellow. The terms “Probationer” and “Probationer Fellow” also occur. Under Tutor will be found in the index to these volumes a dozen or more designations.

449 P. 237, below.

450 P. 381, below.

451 P. 382, below.

452 P. 401, below.

453 Pp. 449, 450, below.

454 Pp. 489–500, below.

455 For a detailed discussion and for the evidence on which this section is based, see the Editor’s paper on “A Famous Harvard Controversy, 1720–1723,” in our Publications, xxv. 254.

456 For tables giving the number of Tutors from 1650 to 1750, and the number of resident Fellows from 1650 to 1780, see p. lxvii, above.

457 P. 561, below.

458 There are many instances where graduates, even after taking their A.M., remained in residence. Thus, of those mentioned in the text, Daniel Rogers (1706–1782) was still in residence on September 8, 1729; while Daniel Rogers (1707–1785) remained in residence as late as April 11, 1732—or seven years after graduation, when he became a Tutor. Probably most of those who remained in residence were pursuing theological studies, awaiting a call to some pastorate.

459 The name of each student is entered in full in the Faculty Records for the Classes of 1729, 1731–1804; but for the Class of 1730, only the surname of each student is given. One entry under that Class reads: “Vial; dead. 1729,” the name in the hand of Tutor Flynt, the rest in that of President Wadsworth. This was Benjamin Viall (1710–1729), who died August 11, 1729: see our Publications, xviii. 82, 83.

The christian names are in English for the Classes of 1729, 1731–1764, 1772–1804; but for those of 1765–1771, the christian names have been Latinized. In the Classes of 1729, 1731–1740, 1772, and 1775–1777, the surname is in each case written last; but in the Classes of 1741–1771, 1773, 1774, and 1778–1804, the surname is written first, usually with no comma following it. In the latter case, it is easy to confuse the two names; and it has occasionally happened that a ghost-name has been recorded as a student at Harvard. Thus Felt, in his Annals of Salem (2nd ed., 1845, i. 492; cf. ii. 663–664), was misled by a correspondent into including among those who did not graduate “Ely Justin 1755”—an error for Justin Ely of the Class of 1759.

460 See p. cxli note 1, below.

461 This statement covers two cases: that of a Freshman who entered after his class had been placed; and that of a student who at entrance was admitted to an upper class. In the latter case, however, it was customary, generally after 1760 and sometimes before that date, to enter the fact somewhere in the Faculty Records, though such entries can be found only after diligent search.

462 See the Editor’s “Tentative Lists of Temporary Students at Harvard College, 1639–1800,” in our Publications, xvii. 271–285.

463 Thus, George Cabot entered in 1766 with the Class of 1770; left College March 19, 1768; never returned; but in 1779 received the honorary degree of A.M.

464 Thus, Edward Bates entered in 1732 with the Class of 1736; left College in 1733; returned September 10, 1735, being admitted to the Sophomore Class; and duly graduated in the Class of 1738 as of the Class of 1738. Again, Jonathan Whitaker entered in 1793 with the Class of 1797; left College September 12, 1793; returned the following December; and duly graduated with his Class in 1797. Once more, of seven students who entered in 1766 with the Class of 1770, three were rusticated and four were expelled; but all seven were later readmitted into the Class of 1771 and duly received their degrees in 1771 as of the, Class of 1771.

465 Two remarkable cases are given in the two succeeding footnotes.

A curious fact is that the Quinquennial contains the names of several students who never received the A.B. degree at all. Three instances may be given. Ebenezer Hartshorn (cf. our Publications, xviii. 339 note 1, xix. 290 note 3) entered in the Class of 1732; left College; in 1737 was given an A.M., and his name is printed under his Class of 1732. George Erving entered in the Class of 1757; left College; in 1762 obtained an A.M. from the University of Glasgow; was admitted to the same degree (ad eundem) at Harvard in 1762, and his name is printed under the Class of 1757. Amos Windship (cf. our Publications, xviii. 339 note 1, xxv. 144, 144 note 3, 150 note 1, 162 note 2) entered in 1767 in the Class of 1771; left College July 27, 1768; never returned; yet in 1790 was given the degrees of A.M. and M.B. and his name “inserted in the Class to which he belonged;” and in 1811 he received the degree of M.D. On August 19, 1830, the Corporation voted “That in the present number of Colleges in the United States, & variety of studies required in them, that it is inexpedient to grant generally, degrees ad eundem” (Corporation Records, p. 186).

466 Thomas Lee entered in 1794 with the Class of 1798; left College April 17, 1797; never returned; and in 1866 was given the degree of A.B. as of the Class of 1798.

467 Edmund Trowbridge Dana entered in 1795 with the Class of 1799; left College in April, 1799; never returned; died May 6, 1858; and in 1879 was given the degree of A.B. as of the Class of 1799.

468 The case of George Cabot has already been cited (p. cxxxviii note 1, above). Another is that of Jeremiah Smith, who entered in 1777 in the Class of 1781; left College in 1779; graduated at Queen’s (now Rutgers) College in 1780; and in 1807 received from Harvard the honorary degree of LL.D.

469 P. 26, below.

470 The ninth in the Laws of 1767 is “Of Graduates and Fellow-Commoners” (see Mr. Lane’s list of “Manuscript Laws of Harvard College,” in our Publications, xxv. 244–253). This is an interesting case of the survival of a term long after the disappearance of the thing it denoted. For apparently the last fellow-commoner at Harvard left with the Class of 1733. In the previous ninety years, eight graduates and one temporary student had been fellow-commoners. The graduates were: Samuel Willis of 1653, Nathaniel Saltonstall of 1659, Joseph Browne of 1666, Edward Pelham of 1673, Francis Wainwright of 1686, Samuel Browne of 1727, John Vassall of 1732, and William Vassall of 1733; the temporary student was——Bennet of 1659. In addition to these nine, there is mention as fellow-commoners of Thomas Langham and “Mr. Ven” in 1656, and of Edward Paige in 1683; but who those three were, or what their connection with the College was, has never been ascertained. For an explanation of the term fellow-commoner, see Mr. Lane’s remarks in our Publications, xxiv. 165–166, 174–175; Peirce, History, pp. 313–314.

471 Henry Saltonstall of 1642 was a son, but not the eldest son, of a knight. The only eldest son of a knight known to have been a student at Harvard was William Mildmay (1647), who was not (as sometimes alleged) a son of Sir Henry Mildmay of Graces, Little Baddow, Essex, England, but was the eldest son of Sir Henry Mildmay of Wanstead, Essex. These two Sir Henry Mildmays were second cousins, both great-grandsons of Sir Thomas Mildmay of Chelmsford, Essex. The Harvard graduate was a great-grandson of Sir Walter Mildmay, founder of Emmanuel College, Cambridge.

472 The title Dominus was soon abandoned, as it occurs only a few times in 1644 (p. 4, below) and once in 1645 (p. 206, below).

473 Under date of December 2, 1801, is an allusion to “Sir Ballard, a resident Graduate” (College Book, viii. 408). William Ballard graduated in 1799: cf. our Publications, viii. 295 note 1.

474 The time when a class was placed varied considerably. Of the Class of 1729 it is said: “Twenty and seven Scholars were admitted into the College this year. 1725. They were plac’d or dispos’d in y^e Classe by y^e President and Fellows, as follows” (Faculty Records, i. 11), but no date is given. The Class of 1730 was placed between December 31, 1726, and March 25, 1727; that of 1731 between September 11, 1727, and January 16, 1728; that of 1732 between September 30 and November 26, 1728. The dates of placing the Classes of 1733–1754 were as follows:

class	date of placing		class	date of placing
1733	Oct.	19 1729	1744	May	1 1741
1734	Sept.	22 1730	1745	June	2 1742
1735	Oct.	2 1731	1746	Jan.	17 1743
1736	Nov.	4 1732	1747	March	15 1744
1737	Jan.	9 1734	1748	Feb.	26 1745
1738	Dec.	30 1734	1749	April	30 1746
1739	Feb.	23 1736	1750	March	11 1747
1740	Feb.	14 1737	1751	June	7 1748
1741	April	29 1738	1752	May	16 1749
1742	Feb.	21 1739	1753	March	16 1750
1743	Feb.	12 1740	1754	March	16 1751

As these records end on September 5, 1750, no class later than that of 1754 need be specified. It may be added, however, that the Class of 1767 was not placed until July 12, 1764; and that the Class of 1772 was placed between June 7 and 21, 1769. The system of placing was then abolished, and thereafter each Freshman Class was arranged in alphabetical order, the names being entered at entrance, or very soon after. Between entrance and placing, previous to 1773, Freshmen appear to have been arranged in alphabetical order (T. Pickering, in Life and Letters, i. 9). Why so long a time was allowed to elapse between entrance and placing, does not appear.

475 For the evidence on which these conclusions are based, see the Editor’s “Note on ‘Placing’ at Harvard College,” in our Publications, xxv. 420–427. See also Peirce, History, pp. 308–309, 310–311.

476 P. 592, below. It will perhaps be asked: “Why may not ‘Gardner Jun^r’ mean merely ‘Gardner who is a member of the Junior Class’?” Because members of the Senior and Junior Classes were then called, not “Seniors” and “Juniors,” but “Senior Sophisters” and “Junior Sophisters.”

477 Faculty Records, i. 22, 36.

478 Pp. xli note 2, liii note 1, above.

479 Samuel Moseley (1729) is entered in the Faculty Records (i. 11) as “Samuel Maudsley,” and the name occurs in the same form on p. 548, below.

480 Eli Forbes (1751) is entered in the Faculty Records (i. 268) as “Forbush Eli,” and the name occurs in that form on pp. 798, 799, below, and in the 1751, 1754, and 1758 Triennial Catalogues, and was apparently used by Mr. Forbes himself until in or about 1759. In the 1761 Triennial the name is “Eli Forbes.”

481 No copies of the Triennial Catalogues for 1703–1712 are extant, nor is there any allusion to Phips in these records while he was in College. The 1715 Triennial gives his name as “Spencer Phipps.” On June 18, 1716, “A Petition of Spencer Phips, alias Bennet Esq; Praying this Court to Declare and Confirm his Sir-Name to be Phips, having been Adopted by Sir William Phips Knt. Deceased, who desired that he might bear his Name,” was passed in Council, and read in the House on the 19th; and a bill to that effect was passed on June 23: see our Publications, xvii. 93 note 3. It would appear that he had adopted the name Phips before the change was legalized.

482 A word of caution should be uttered in regard to the 1885 Quinquennial, which, as it was the last to italicize the names of clergymen, is on that account often consulted by historical students. But besides containing various typographical errors (cf. our Publications, xvii. 285 note), it fails to record legal changes in names.

483 On January 23, 1734, President Wadsworth, “Having observed, y^t y^e Names of those Graduated in Harvard College, are not recorded in any of y^e College-Books, I thought such an omission ought not to be continued” (p. 82, below), and so he copied the names from the 1733 Triennial. The name of “Edmund Goffe” was written by him under the Class of 1728, but later some one erased “Goffe” and wrote “Trowbridge” over it (p. 96 and note, below).

484 No copies of the 1739 and 1742 Triennials are extant.

485 Two examples will suffice by way of illustration. Joshua Moody (1653) and Samuel Moody (1689) were father and son, while Joseph Boume (1722) and Shearjashub Bourne (1743) were brothers; yet in the 1920 Quinquennial the two former appear as Joshua Moodey and Samuel Moody, and the two latter as Joseph Bourn and Shearjashub Bourne. There are other similar cases in that edition.

486 See Note, pp. clxi–clxiii, below.

Dates in these lists are, unless otherwise specified, New Style. Though the Corporation Records here printed end with the meeting of September 5, 1750, the lists in a few cases have been extended through the year 1800. An asterisk denotes death while in office.

487 Nathaniel Eaton was called “Professor,” “Schoolmaster,” “Master;” President Wadsworth twice applied to him the title “President or Professor” (p. xix note 3, above); and by practically all writers since 1637 he has been regarded as the head of the College.

488 The date in the Quinquennial is February 2, 1680. He was elected February 2 by the Corporation, but was not approved by the Overseers until February 9 (p. 239, below).

489 The date of his death is sometimes given as July 24, 1681: see our Publications, xviii. 369 note 9.

490 The Quinquennial Catalogue has been followed in giving June 27, 1692, as the date when the title “Rector” became extinct. It is certain, however, that that title could not have been used on and after June 2, 1690, and probably it was not employed after the overthrow of Andros on April 18, 1689. See pp. xxvi note 1, xl note 2, above.

491 Appointed during vacancies, or during absence of the President, to perform the duties of the office, excepting such as belong to the President as a member of the Corporation.

President Oakes and President Mather attended meetings of the Corporation while serving as Acting Presidents, being in fact Presidents in all but the form of election, and their full term of service is recorded in the list of Presidents. No action in this respect is recorded during the vacancies occurring between the terms of Presidents Chauncy and Hoar (1672), and Vice President Willard and President Leverett (1707–1708).

The list in the 1920 Quinquennial (p. 8 note 2) of persons “Appointed to preside at Commencement during Vacancies in the President’s Office” is both incomplete and inaccurate, for it gives only four years (1681, 1724, 1737, and 1769), and the statement about 1737 is incorrect, since Nathan Prince did not preside in that year. (See pp. 662–663, below.)

So far as is known, President Dunster presided at Commencement in the years 1642–1654, and President Chauncy in the years 1655–1671. There were vacancies in the presidency in 1672, 1681, 1724, 1769, 1774, and 1781. President Rogers was elected April 10, 1682, but was not inaugurated until August 12 or 14, 1683 (cf. p. 253, below, and our Publications, xviii. 371 note 1), and did not preside in 1682. President Holyoke was elected May 30, 1737, but declined to preside at Commencement, and was not inaugurated until September 28. (See pp. 661, 662, 666, 823, below.) The following list, possibly incomplete, is taken from our Publications, xviii. 368–373:

Persons other than Presidents and Vice Presidents appointed to preside at Commencement, 1642–1800

1672	Urian Oakes
1675	Urian Oakes
1676	Urian Oakes
1677	Urian Oakes
1678	Urian Oakes
1679	Urian Oakes
1681	Increase Mather
1682	Increase Mather
1684	William Hubbard
1688	William Hubbard
1689	William Brattle
1690	John Leverett and William Brattle
1691	John Leverett and William Brattle
1724	Henry Flynt and Nicholas Sever
1737	Henry Flynt
1769	John Winthrop
1781	Edward Wigglesworth
1798	Simeon Howard

For an account of the places where the Commencement exercises were held, and where the Commencement dinners were served, see our Publications, xviii. 373–378.

492 The last meeting of the Corporation under the Charter of 1700 was held October 28, 1707; on December 4, 1707, the Council revived the Charter of 1650; and the first meeting of the Corporation under the restored Charter was held January 14, 1708, when Gov. Dudley reduced the Corporation from seventeen members to seven members. For a list of those who thus ceased to be Fellows, of whom Allen was one, see p. lxi note 3, above. Perhaps such persons were still Fellows down to January 14, 1708, but their term of office is usually held to have ended on October 28, 1707.

493 For footnotes, see the alphabetical list.

494 The Quinquennial is followed in including Samuel Angier’s name for the years 1676–1678? He was chosen a Probationer on August 22, 1676 (pp. 65, 235, below), but there is no record of his approbation by the Overseers or of his receiving a salary, and the word “Socius” does not occur after his name in either the 1681 or the 1700 Triennial (1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, viii. 23, 28) or in the 1698 Catalogue as printed in Mather’s Magnalia (1702, bk. iv. p. 138). It seems likely, therefore, that Angier declined the appointment in 1676.

495 His term of service is given in the Quinquennial as 1675–1679. He was elected Fellow December 22, 1675, but was not approved by the Overseers until January 1, 1676 (pp. 64, 234, 235, below).

496 H. C. 1643.

497 H. C. 1643.

498 H. C. 1671.

499 Rev. John Sherman (d 1685) of Watertown.

500 His term of service is given in the Quinquennial as 1697–1705. The last meeting he attended was that of August 29, 1704 (p. cli, above); but he continued to be a Fellow until his death on April 21, 1707 (Sewall, Diary, ii. 185).

501 His term of service is given in the Quinquennial as 1692–1699. He attended as a Fellow the meeting of May 6, 1700 (p. cl, above), and did not become Vice President until July 12, 1700.

502 See the next note.

503 Nowell’s term of service is given in the Quinquennial as 1682–1686. On April 10, 1682, Treasurer Richards was desired to leave his account of the College stock in the hands of Thomas Danforth until “his return from England or untill another Treasurer be chosen” (pp. 71, 245, below). Nowell was elected Treasurer on January 10, 1683, “still reserving Liberty for the worshipfull Cap^t Richards to reassume the place at his return” (pp. 72, 248, below). On March 5, 1683, Danforth “delivered into the hands of” Nowell the accounts betrusted to him by Richards (pp. 250–251, below). On March 29, 1683, the Corporation issued instructions to Nowell (4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, viii. 694). On October 22, 1686, Richards wrote: “I took Care again of the Colledge Stocke ꝑ ꝑswation of m^r Dudley m^r Stoughton & m^r Increase Mather & rec^d of m^r Sam^l Nowell the late Treasurer the Severall Papers vnderneath written” (Treasurer Richards’s Book. Cf. 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, vi. 248; Sibley, Harvard Graduates, i. 340; Quincy, History, ii. 231–233). It is to be noted, however, that both Richards and Nowell were present at the meeting of March 17, 1684 (thus making eight present at that meeting), and that at the meeting of July 21, 1684, Richards is called Treasurer (p. cxlvii, above, pp. 254, 256, below).

504 The Quinquennial is followed in giving his term of service as 1715–1721. Treasurer Thomas Brattle died May 18, 1713 (Leverett’s Diary, p. 76). John White was elected Treasurer by the Corporation on October 27, 1713, and was approved by the Overseers on October 7, 1714 (pp. 420, 425, below). As executor of his brother Thomas’s will, William Brattle had “paid out sundry Sum̄s of Money belonging to the College Treasury;” and on October 27, 1713, the Corporation “fully approved and allowed” what Brattle “hath don in these matters,” and further voted that William Brattle “do continue and is hereby impowered to act as Treasurer of the College, and that the Treasurer’s Salary be continued to him untill he shalbe discharged from this Trust and trouble” (pp. 420–421, below). On August 16, 1715, the Corporation voted that “M^r John White having comply’d with the Vote of the Corporation pass’d Octob^r 27^o 1713. is impowered and directed to take the College-Stock, and all things thereunto belonging into his Custody and care, and the Rev̄^d M^r Brattle is desired to deliver the s̄^d Stock and all matters and things belonging to the Treasury of Harvard College to the s̄^d M^r John White the Treasurer of the s̄^d College;” and on October 18, 1715, “M^r Brattle deliver’d to the Corporation an inventory of the College-Stock, with M^r Treasurer White’s rec^t of the s̄^d Stock” (pp. 427, 431, below).

505 His term of service is given in the Quinquennial as 1721–1765. He was elected Professor by the Corporation June 28, 1721, but was not approved by the Overseers; he was again elected by the Corporation January 23, 1722; was approved by the Overseers January 24, 1722; and was installed October 23, 1722 (pp. 460–461, 463, 475, below; Leverett’s Diary, pp. 199, 213, 215, 234; Overseers’ Records, i. 23).

506 His term of service is given in the Quinquennial as 1727–1737. He was thought of as Professor as early as 1726; was elected by the Corporation May 12, 1727; was confirmed by the Overseers May 25, 1727; and was installed February 13, 1728 (pp. 535, 545, 559, below; Overseers’ Records, i. 93, 105; Wadsworth’s Diary, p. 51; New England Weekly Journal, February 26, 1728, p. 2/2).

507 See p. cliv note 3, above.

508 See p. cliv note 4, above.

509 H. C. 1643.

510 H. C. 1671.

511 There were two of the name in the Class of 1725, the Tutor being the one who died in 1785.

512 His term of service is given in the Quinquennial as 1711–1714. He was elected Tutor by the Corporation December 24, 1711; was approved by the Overseers January 17, 1712; and was installed February 14, 1712 (p. 399, below). He had left College before April 7, 1713, on which day the vacancy was filled by the election of Edward Holyoke as Fellow and of Thomas Robie as Tutor (p. 407, below).

513 Not an Instructor regularly appointed, but permitted in 1733 (not by the Corporation, as stated in the Quinquennial, but) by the President and Tutors—that is, the Faculty—to teach such students as so desired. The permission was withdrawn in 1735. See the Editor’s “Teaching of French at Harvard College before 1750,” in our Publications, xvii. 216–232.

514 The name of Samuel Cooke as Librarian is not given in any Triennial or Quinquennial, nor is the fact entered against his name under the Class of 1735.

515 There were two of the name in the Class of 1697, the Librarian being the one who died in 1748. His term of service is given in the Quinquennial as 1701–1702. On April 7, 1701, he was “Appointed Library-Keeper until the Comm̄incem^t,” and on August 4, 1701, Josiah Willard was “appointed Library keeper for this year” (p. 366, below).

516 His term of service is given in the Quinquennial as 1702–1703. He was appointed Librarian August 4, 1701 (p. 366, below).

517 Died 1687.

518 Died 1747.

519 H. C. 1719; died 1769.

520 This John Sherman (d 1691), of Watertown, was a first cousin of the Rev. John Sherman (d 1685): see New England Historical and Genealogical Register, xxiv. 63–67.

521 This list is given because the officials are often alluded to merely by their titles,—as “the country Treasurer,” “the Secretary,” “His Excellency the Governor,” “His Honor the Lieutenant-Governor,” etc. Though the names have, for convenience, been brought together in a single list, strictly speaking there have been five periods, as follows:

I Colony of the Massachusetts Bay, 1636–1686;
II Council for New England, 1686;
III Territory and Dominion of New England, 1686–1689;
IV Period from April 18, 1689, to May, 1692;
V Province of the Massachusetts Bay, 1692–1775.

522 In 1686 Joseph Dudley’s title was President of the Council for New England.

523 Andros’s government was overthrown April 18, 1689.

524 In 1715 Elizeus Burgas was commissioned Governor, but never came over. See our Publications, xiv. 360–372, xvii. 60–61.

525 The title “Deputy-Governor” was employed in 1636–1686 and 1689–1692; the title “Lieutenant-Governor” was employed in 1688–1689 and 1692–1775.

526 In 1686 William Stoughton’s title was Deputy-President.

527 The records from August 23, 1630, to May 25, 1636, both included, are in the hand of Simon Bradstreet; those beginning June 7, 1636, are in the hand of Increase Nowell (Massachusetts Colony Records, i. 73, 176). But though Nowell was apparently Acting Secretary from June 7, 1636, and though his name appears as “Increase Nowell Sec:” as early as December 6, 1636 (i. 184), yet his election is not recorded until June 6, 1639 (i. 263).

528 The records from August 23, 1630, to May 25, 1636, both included, are in the hand of Simon Bradstreet; those beginning June 7, 1636, are in the hand of Increase Nowell (Massachusetts Colony Records, i. 73, 176). But though Nowell was apparently Acting Secretary from June 7, 1636, and though his name appears as “Increase Nowell Sec:” as early as December 6, 1636 (i. 184), yet his election is not recorded until June 6, 1639 (i. 263).

529 See the Editor’s “Harvard Commencement Days, 1642–1916,” in our Publications, xviii. 309–384.

530 Day not known, but before September 26.

531 Day of month unknown.

532 No Commencement.

533 Date unknown.

534 Dates printed in italics are conjectural.

535 Previous to 1692, the meetings, both of the Corporation and of the Overseers, are entered in such a haphazard way that a chronological list is necessary. Yet its compilation presents difficulties. Thus, it is not always stated whether a meeting is one of the Corporation or of the Overseers. When, at such meetings, business was transacted that could be done now only by the Corporation—such, for instance, as the election of a President or a Treasurer or a Fellow—the temptation is strong to assume that they were Corporation meetings. Yet it would be rash to label such meetings C, because for nearly a century there was controversy between the Corporation and the Overseers as to the exact powers of each, and as a matter of fact even Presidents were elected by the Overseers or appointed by the Legislature. (On this point, see our Publications, xxi. 147, 152–154, 367–370, 382–387, 393.) Hence, while the chances are that most, if not all, of such meetings were Corporation meetings, they are left without a label in this list.

Again, dates are sometimes Old Style, sometimes New Style, and sometimes both Old Style and New Style. Where double dates are used, there can of course be no doubt as to the exact year; but in the two former cases, the pitfalls presented by Old Style and New Style are such that it is almost impossible not to fall into one. The Editor has exercised his best judgment in giving in the list such dates according to New Style, but has added in a footnote the year found in the original.

Once more, a month is sometimes indicated not by name, but by number. In such bases it is to be remembered that, previous to 1752, the first month in the year was March. In these cases, the difficulty lies in the uncertain way in which figures were employed. Thus “26.2.75” (pp. 63, 233, below) and “14.3.77” (pp. 65, 235, below) certainly mean April 26, 1675, and May 14, 1677, since “26” and “14” must refer to the day. But “11.2.76” (pp. 64, 235, below) might be either the 11th day of the 2nd month (i. e. April 11, 1676), or the 2nd day of the 11th month (i. e. January 2, 1677). To add to the uncertainty, a mistake has occasionally been made by the scribe. In College Book I is a meeting dated “August, 9, 1681” (p. 68, below). When Thomas Danforth copied into College Book III a portion of this meeting, he dated it “Anno. 1681. 6. 9. mo.” (p. 242, below)—thus making it November 6 instead of August 9, 1681.

Finally, the exact date of a meeting undated or incompletely dated in the original records can occasionally be recovered from other sources. Thus a meeting headed “At a Corporation meeting” (pp. 72, 248, below), but without year, month, or day, occurred August 31, 1682, as appears from Noadiah Russell’s Diary (New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vii. 57). See also p. clxxiii note 4 below.

536 1655.

537 1667.

538 1671.

539 This date is uncertain: see p. 219 notes 1–4, below.

540 1672.

541 An italic m indicates that the entry is printed in the margin.

542 1672.

543 1672.

544 1672.

545 1672.

546 1673.

547 1677.

548 These are the same meeting. The original (College Book I. 81; p. 65 below) is plainly dated March 6, 1678. When Danforth copied a portion of the meeting into College Book III. 70 (p. 236, below), he probably misread March 6 for March 1. The names of those present were written in the margin (p. 236, below) by John Leverett, but presumably at a later date, for the name of Thomas Shepard appears, though he had died on December 22, 1677.

549 These are the same meeting. The original (College Book I. 81; p. 65 below) is plainly dated March 6, 1678. When Danforth copied a portion of the meeting into College Book III. 70 (p. 236, below), he probably misread March 6 for March 1. The names of those present were written in the margin (p. 236, below) by John Leverett, but presumably at a later date, for the name of Thomas Shepard appears, though he had died on December 22, 1677.

550 1679.

551 1679.

552 Perhaps July 28, 1681: see p. 241, below.

553 The month is conjectural. The meeting in both instances is headed merely “Anno. 1681.” On August 9, which was Commencement Day, Cotton Mather took his second degree, and wrote: “My Father was Prœsident, so that from his Hand I received my Degree” (Diary, i. 26). In calling his father “President,” Cotton Mather merely meant that he was the presiding officer. But his first election as President must have taken place within a month, since the choice was approved by the Overseers on September 8, 1681 (Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 109, 109a; cf. our Publications, xviii. 370 note 4). The Second Church in Boston refused to release him, and so he declined.

554 1681.

555 See p. clxx note, above.

556 1683.

557 Beginning with July 26, 1692, and ending with September 5, 1750, the Corporation meetings are entered in chronological order, and hence need not be inserted in the above list. But interspersed among these Corporation meetings there are recorded about fifteen Overseers’ meetings (from 1712 to 1735) and three or four other meetings, which are included in the list.

1 For details in regard to pagination, see the Introduction to the present volume.

2 These words are in the hand of President Wadsworth. After this entry have been scribbled, in an unknown hand, the following words:

4570

College Book 1723

most mighty most

S J Q

most

mighty mighty

The reading “S J Q” is doubtful. Also a few words, of which only “God I” are decipherable, have been written at the bottom of the page, the book having been turned upside down.

3 This entry and the next entry are in the hand of A.

4 Substituted for “disputationes,” crossed out.

5 Page [2] is blank.

6 This account is in the hand of B.

7 Under Alcock’s name is written in pencil “A.B. 1646.”

8 Under Allin’s name is written in pencil “A.B. 1643.”

9 Under Saltonstall’s name is written in pencil “A.B. 1642.”

10 Under Stow’s name is written in pencil “A.B. 1645.”

11 Altered from “6^f–0–0–½” to “6^f–0–0–0.”

12 Altered from “006–½” to “006–0.”

13 Apparently altered from “007–0” to “017–0.”

14 Under Bellingham’s name is written in pencil “A.B. 1642.”

15 Under Bulkley’s name is written in pencil “A.B. 1642.”

16 On the extreme right of the page is written in pencil “his son 1659.” Thomas Parish graduated in the class of 1659.

17 Altered from “6^f½” to “6^f0.”

18 Above the name of Starr is written in pencil “1647.”

19 Written over “of.”

20 These figures have been altered. The original figures are undecipherable.

21 Page [4] is blank.

22 The entries on pages [5–6] of the text are in the hand of President Hoar.

23 The word “ab^t” is interlined.

24 Pages [7–8] are blank, about a third being cut off.

25 This account is in the hand of C.

26 Under this entry is written in pencil “A.B. 1645.”

27 This account is in the hand of D.

28 Under this entry is written in pencil “grad. 1647.” John Birden was a graduate of that Class.

29 This account is in the hand of E.

30 A letter or word is here crossed out.

31 To the right of this entry is written in pencil “graduated 1642.”

32 This account is in the hand of F.

33 This account is in the hand of G.

34 A word is here crossed out.

35 This account is in the hand of H.

36 This word is doubtful.

37 Perhaps “French.”

38 This Brewster account, in the hand of I, is crossed out in the original. The remaining entries on page [11] are in the hand of J.

39 Page [12] is blank.

40 This Downing account, in the hand of K, is crossed out in the original.

41 The spaces under shillings and pence are left blank, because the figures, having been crossed out, are undecipherable: but they were doubtless “16–3” and “19–3.” See page [9] of the text, or page 7 of this volume.

42 The spaces under shillings and pence are left blank, because the figures, having been crossed out, are undecipherable: but they were doubtless “16–3” and “19–3.” See page [9] of the text, or page 7 of this volume.

43 This entry is in the hand of L. At the right are some words crossed out.

44 This account is in the hand of M.

45 Under this line is written in pencil “grad. 1646.”

46 This account is in the hand of N.

47 Under this entry is written in pencil “grad. 1647.”

48 This account is in the hand of O.

49 Under this entry is written in pencil “grad. 1646.”

50 This account is in the hand of P.

51 Under this entry is written in pencil “grad. 1646.”

52 To the right of this entry is written in pencil “grad. 1643.”

53 These figures have been altered.

54 This entry is in the hand of President Chauncy.

55 This account is in the hand of Q.

56 The word “inch” is interlined, but in the wrong place, “inch boards” being meant.

57 Apparently altered from “0–2–0.”

58 This account is in the hand of R.

59 To the right is written in pencil “grad. 1646.”

60 The word “roome” is interlined.

61 Two or three figures, here crossed out, are undecipherable.

62 Page [16] is blank

63 This Stow entry, in the hand of S, is crossed out in the original.

64 Under this entry is written in pencil “grad. 1645.”

65 This account is in the hand of T.

66 A word is here crossed out, perhaps, “totalis”.

67 Under this entry is written in pencil “grad. 1642.”

68 Page [18] is blank.

69 This account is in the hand of U.

70 Under this entry is written in pencil “grad. 1646.”

71 This figure has apparently been altered.

72 Page [20] is blank.

73 This account is in the hand of V.

74 Page [22] is blank.

75 Only a portion of the original leaf remains, that containing the account of “Starr his Study.” The leaf is pieced out with two fragments which perhaps do not properly belong to College Book I—one containing two entries for 1673, the other one entry for 1675.

76 This account is in the hand of W.

77 Under this entry is written in pencil “gr. 1647.”

78 This entry and the next entry are in the hand of President Hoar.

79 The words “Mr Oakes” are written over a word or two erased.

80 Under this entry are scribbled in an unknown hand a few words and letters, partly decipherable, partly undecipherable:

Per Integrum
Biennium quo apud
per illus tempus

81 This entry it in the hand of X.

82 The names of those present are written in the margin.

83 The words “See P. 54” are in the hand of President Quincy. The reference is to page [80] of the text, or page 64 of this volume.

84 Page [24] is blank.

85 This account is in the hand of Y.

86 These figures have been altered.

87 This account is in the hand of Z.

88 Altered from “5.”

89 Altered from “5.”

90 Altered from “00–02–06–0.”

91 Apparently altered from “01–00–06–0.”

92 Apparently altered from “01–00–00–0.”

93 Apparently altered from “01–00–07–0.”

94 Apparently altered from “01–00–00–0.”

95 Apparently altered from “01–00–07–0.”

96 These figures have been altered, but the original figures cannot be deciphered with certainty.

97 Apparently altered from “01–06–05–0.”

98 Apparently altered from “03–05–00–0.”

99 Apparently altered from “01–01–06–0.”

100 This figure has apparently been altered.

101 Apparently altered from “02–08–6.”

102 Page [26] is blank.

103 The record of this meeting has hitherto been supposed to be in the hand of President Dunster, but this is a mistake. It is in the hand of AA.

104 Perhaps “Hibbins.”

105 A word is here crossed out.

106 Here follows the design reproduced in facsimile, facing this page.

107 The date 1647 is underscored.

108 In the original, the paragraphs of this record are separated from each other by wide spaces. These two interpolated lines are in the hand of Theophilus Eaton.

109 Pages [28–29] are blank.

110 The entries on page [30] are in the hand of BB.

111 This name is uncertain.

112 This figure has apparently been altered.

113 Apparently altered from “19–8–9.”

114 The first two letters in this name are uncertain.

115 This word is uncertain.

116 The “4” in “14” has been written over another figure. The amount due ought apparently to be “16–11–8.”

117 On this page are some figures written in pencil.

118 This leaf is only about three-quarters the length of the ordinary pages in College Book I and is pasted in a little below the line of the adjacent leaves. The paper of this leaf is the same as the other paper in College Book I, but perhaps the leaf is not in its proper place. It is badly torn at the top. The entries are in the hand of President Chauncy.

119 At the left of the page is written in pencil “gr. 1656.”

120 At the left of the page is written in pencil “gr. 1649;” and at the right of the page is written in pencil “Thos. Oakes gr. 1662.”

121 At the right of the page is written in pencil “Sam. Hooker gr. 1653.”

122 At the right of the page is written in pencil “Thos. Shephard gr. 1653.”

123 Beneath this entry Thaddeus William Harris has written in pencil, “The date of this must have been between 1652 & 1656, probably as early as 1652. T W H.” John Langdon Sibley has written in pencil, “President Chauncys writing J L S.”

124 Page [32] is blank.

125 The entries on pages [33–34] of the text are in the hand of President Hoar.

126 The entries on page [35] of the text are in the hand of CC.

127 The true date was October 28, not September 8, 1636. See Massachusetts Colony Records, i. 183.

128 This reference cannot be identified.

129 Some figures, evidently written later in a different hand, are here erased.

130 Some figures, evidently written later in a different hand, are here erased.

131 Page [36] is blank.

132 These references, in an unknown hand, are to pages [68–70] of the text, or pages 52–55 of this volume.

133 This entry is in the hand of DD.

134 A word or letter is here crossed out.

135 This entry is in the hand of EE.

136 Page [38] is blank.

137 The entries on page [39] of the text are in the hand of FF.

138 Altered from “Novâ-Angliâ.”

139 Page [40] is blank.

140 This entry is in the hand of GG.

141 This name is apparently an autograph signature. Under it is written in pencil “Richard Taylor.”

142 Page [42] is blank.

143 These “Lawes Liberties & orders” are in the hand of HH.

144 Two or three words are here crossed out.

145 A word is here crossed out.

146 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth. The reference is to page [19] of College Book III, on page 187 of this volume.

147 These words are in the hand of President Wadsworth. The reference is to page [19] of College Book III, or page 187 of this volume.

148 The second “e” is interlined.

149 The word “Church” is interlined.

150 The words “contēpt or” are interlined, “or” being in a different hand.

151 A word is here crossed out.

152 The words beginning “& all Sophisters” to the end of the sentence, though in the same hand, were apparently inserted later.

153 A word, perhaps “in,” is here crossed out.

154 The words “bowing before them” are interlined.

155 A letter is here crossed out.

156 A later hand (probably that of President Quincy) has underscored and crossed out “as.”

157 The same hand has crossed out “so,” underneath it has written “or,” and underneath “or” has written “(See in Latin).”

158 The word “or” is interlined.

159 The words “fellow-commoner or” are interlined.

160 The letter “r” in this word is interlined.

161 These “Orders” are in the hand of II.

162 Written over a word crossed out.

163 Apparently altered from “shall.”

164 The words “[t]wo years standing & upward shall” are interlined.

165 Apparently altered from “Synopsis.”

166 Apparently altered from “fall.”

167 This paragraph is in the hand of JJ.

168 These “Statuta, Leges,” etc., are in the hand of KK.

169 Apparently altered from “capito.”

170 A letter is here crossed out.

171 Apparently altered from “potestati.”

172 The words “commensalis, aut” are interlined.

173 A word is here crossed out.

174 A letter was written between “o” and “l” and then blotted out.

175 Pages [47–48] are blank.

176 The entries on pages [49–50] of the text are in the hand of LL.

177 The words “are to look” are interlined. After “look,” a word has been crossed out.

178 Altered from “of.”

179 A letter is here crossed out.

180 This entry and the next entry are in the hand of MM.

181 This entry and the next entry are in the hand of NN.

182 This entry is in the hand of President Chauncy.

183 This entry is in the hand of OO.

184 A word is here crossed out.

185 A word is here crossed out.

186 A letter is here crossed out.

187 The word “pollicemur” has been underscored and above it written, apparently in a different hand, “pollicentur se.”

188 The words “(i. e. pro modulo nostro” are interlined in the same hand in which “pollicentur se” is written.

189 This entry is in the hand of President Chauncy.

190 A letter is here crossed out.

191 The word “fenestris” is interlined.

192 The words “et pietate” are interlined.

193 This entry is in the hand of H.

194 Page [54] is blank.

195 The entries on page [55] of the text are in the hand of Treasurer Richards.

196 With “plurimæ” supply “paginæ” (understood).

197 The letter “u” in this word is interlined.

198 The figure “79” is underscored.

199 Substituted for a word crossed out.

200 The figure “78” is underscored.

201 Page [56] is blank.

202 This entry is in the hand of PP.

203 The words “Chh or” are interlined.

204 Page [58] is blank.

205 This entry is in the hand of QQ.

206 Written over another word.

207 Apparently altered from “Behoofe.”

208 Altered from “Corporations.”

209 This entry is in the hand of President Chauncy.

210 The square brackets are in the original Underneath is written in pencil “Chauncys handwriting.”

211 This entry is in the hand of RR.

212 The date “1659” is underscored. This entry is in the hand of Treasurer Danforth.

213 Above this word is written in pencil “Watch.”

214 Perhaps “yards.”

215 The letters “th” are written over other letters.

216 Page [62] is blank, except that a few letters and words have been scribbled, of which the only decipherable ones are—

R
Rules and Orders
Rules
R

217 The entries on pages [63–64] of the text, down to and including the words “Thomas Danforth Cƚ:” are in the hand of Treasurer Richards.

218 The top of the page, including the heading, has been cut off. Some of the letters of the heading are visible, but are not decipherable.

219 A letter is apparently here erased.

220 The second “r” in this word is interlined.

221 The word “so” is interlined.

222 Altered from “one.”

223 The word “provisions” is interlined.

224 Substituted for “ye,” crossed out.

225 This entry is in the hand of SS.

226 A letter is here crossed out.

227 All the entries on page [65] of the text, except the last entry (dated October 1, 1672), are in the hand of TT.

228 The words “remainder of their” are interlined.

229 The words “by ye steward” are interlined.

230 Apparently originally written “followed,” then the “d” crossed out.

231 The word “shall” is interlined.

232 The word “or” is interlined.

233 There is here written in pencil “☞ observe p 41.” The reference is to page [67] of the text, or page 51 of this volume.

234 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Hoar.

235 The word “be” is interlined.

236 This entry is in the hand of President Hoar, as is also the marginal entry, and likewise the entry on page [66] of the text.

237 “M^r” is written over another word.

238 The reference is to page [75] of the text, or page 55 of this volume.

239 The entries on page [67] of the text are in the hand of Treasurer Richards.

240 This entire entry is crossed out in the original.

241 This reference, in an unknown hand, is to page [37] of the text, or page 22 of this volume.

242 This entry is in the hand of President Hoar.

243 The entries on pages [69–70] of the text are in the hand of Treasurer Richards.

244 In the original, “ƚƚ,” “sħ,” and “đ” are repeated above nearly every set of figures, but are here omitted for the sake of clearness.

245 Substituted for another word crossed out.

246 The “2” in “62” is blurred, making the figure somewhat uncertain.

247 A word is here crossed out.

248 Under this line are a few words which have been trimmed off, the tops of the letters only being visible.

249 Pages [71–74] are blank

250 The entries on pages [75–78] of the text are, with the exceptions noted in the footnotes, in the hand of President Hoar.

251 The word “since” is interlined.

252 The star under this word was made by John Davis in red ink. See p. 56, note 2.

253 The date “1672” is underscored.

254 It is not known exactly what book is here referred to.

255 “3^d” is interlined.

256 This word is interlined, but as it has been written over another word, the two words are difficult to decipher.

257 “&” is interlined.

258 This entry is in red ink. The date “1672” is underscored. At the right, John Langdon Sibley has written in pencil:

No:	it was 10 December
	J L S

259 The word “been” is interlined.

260 The reference is to page [54] of College Book III, or page 219 of this volume.

261 This entry is in the hand of President Quincy.

262 Here a word is crossed out.

263 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Quincy. The reference is apparently to page [23] of the text, or pages 13–14 of this volume.

264 The word “at” is interlined.

265 The names of those present are written in the margin.

266 The word “unanimously” is interlined.

267 The reference is to College Book II.

268 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Leverett.

269 The word “now” is interlined.

270 A word or letter is here crossed out.

271 The word crossed out is somewhat obscure: perhaps “lans.”

272 “And” is written over another word.

273 The word “he” is interlined.

274 The hand of President Hoar ends here.

275 This inventory is in the hand of UU.

276 Altered from “3.”

277 Apparently altered from “7.”

278 The figure “74” is uncertain.

279 Beginning with this entry, all entries to the end of page [84] of the text are, unless otherwise specified in the footnotes, in the hand of VV.

280 The names of those present are written in the margin. The braces frequently found in the original are sometimes omitted in the printed volume.

281 The names of those present are written in the margin.

282 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Quincy. The reference is to page [23] of the text, or page 14 of this volume.

283 Perhaps “Allin.”

284 The fourth letter in this name has apparently been altered.

285 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Leverett.

286 Apparently altered from “is.”

287 The word “Percivall” is interlined.

288 The reference is to page [79] of the text, or page 61 of this volume.

289 This word is written over a word erased.

290 The names of those present are written in the margin.

291 The words “and to receive the same for the best advantage to the Colledge” are interlined.

292 The names of those present are written in the margin.

293 The names of those present are written in the margin.

294 The third letter in this name has been altered.

295 The names of those present are written in the margin.

296 Above Hubbard is written in pencil “Hobart.”

297 The names of those present are written in the margin.

298 The names of those present are written in the margin.

299 The names of those present are written in the margin.

300 The words “so much” are interlined.

301 The names of those present are written in the margin.

302 The names of those present are written in the margin.

303 The hand of VV ends here.

304 This entry is in the hand of WW.

305 The names of those present are written in the margin.

306 Apparently altered from “168⅔.”

307 This inventory is in the hand of Treasurer Richards.

308 Pages [86–88] are blank.

309 The entries on pages [89, 91, 93] of the text are in the hand of XX.

310 The names of those present are written in the margin.

311 The names of those present are written in the margin.

312 Page [90] is blank.

313 The reference is to page [98] of the text, or page 81 of this volume.

314 Page [92] is blank.

315 The names of those present are written in the margin.

316 Apparently altered from “persons.”

317 The letter “e” in this name is interlined.

318 Down to this point, the entries on page [94] of the text are in the hand of XX.

319 This entry is in the hand of President Mather.

320 The words “or shall be” are interlined.

321 This entry is in the hand of XX.

322 The word “y^t” is interlined.

323 This entry is in the hand of President Mather.

324 This word has apparently been altered.

325 A word is here crossed out.

326 Perhaps “express.”

327 The word “General” is interlined.

328 This entry and the next entry are in the hand of XX.

329 Substituted for “Corpo,” crossed out.

330 The heading and the first paragraph of this meeting are in the hand of President Mather.

331 The words “Sir Rolfe was chosen a scholar of y^e house” in this paragraph are in the hand of President Mather; the remainder of the paragraph is in the hand of XX.

332 This paragraph is in the hand of XX.

333 The word “three” is interlined.

334 This paragraph is in the hand of President Mather.

335 This entry is in the hand of XX.

336 The words “w^t is spent in” are interlined.

337 The entries on pages [96–97] of the text are in the hand of President Mather.

338 Written over “ordered.”

339 The letter “M” in this word is written over “L.”

340 The “5” in “25” and the “6” in “1686” have both been altered from the figures originally written.

341 Apparently altered from “be.”

342 Under this entry two or three words have been crossed out.

343 The entries on pages [98–99] are in the hand of President Leverett.

344 This line and the next line are written across pages [98] and [99] of the text, which face one another, and connect with the last two lines on page [99] of the text, or page 81 of this volume.

345 Page [100] is blank.

346 As this list of graduates extends from 1642 to 1795, inclusive, the names are of course in various hands. These hands are identified in footnotes, so far as possible. Thus, the names from 1642 to 1736, inclusive, are in the hand of President Wadsworth. But in many cases words or letters were added to the names at a later period; and these additions are generally in a hand different from that in which the names themselves were written. These additions are printed in italics. Hence in this list of graduates, italics are used with a different signification from elsewhere in the volume.

Honorary degrees were first conferred in 1692. In the Triennial Catalogues prior to 1830 the names of those who were not alumni of Harvard College, but had been admitted ad eundem, or had there received a medical, law, or honorary degree, were placed at the end of the classes of contemporary graduates, and thus scattered through the volume. In the Triennial Catalogue for 1830 Mr. Sibley put those names by themselves in appropriate divisions and arranged chronologically according to the years of their degrees. (See 1 Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society for October, 1864, viii. 39.) In this respect, the list in College Book I follows the Triennial Catalogues before 1830.

Down to 1769 the members of each class, at some time during their Freshman year, were “placed” in an order of precedence corresponding to the social position of their fathers, and a common form of punishment was to degrade a student a certain number of places in his class. This principle was applied for the last time in June, 1769, in the case of the Class which had entered in 1768 and was to graduate in 1772. In the list of graduates in College Book I, and also in the Quinquennial Catalogues, the names of the members of all classes down through 1772 preserve the order of their original “placing.” The alphabetical arrangement begins with the class of 1773. (See Publications of this Society, x. 41 note.)

347 Originally written “Noyse,” then the letters “se” crossed out and above them written “es.”

348 A letter is here crossed out.

349 Apparently altered from “Alleng.”

350 The first “r” in this name is interlined.

351 The fifth letter in this name has been altered.

352 This name has been trimmed off, though the tops of some of the letters are visible.

353 The fourth letter in this name has been altered.

354 The fifth letter in this name has been altered.

355 The letter “c” in this name is interlined.

356 “Josephus Avery. m^r” and “Johannes Avery. m^r” are on one line.

357 This name has been trimmed off, though the tops of a few letters are visible.

358 The word “Benjamin,” written by President Wadsworth, has been crossed out and “Benning” substituted for it in a different hand.

359 Though written at the bottom of page [106], this name should have been written at the bottom of the first column of page [107], under the year 1720.

360 A letter before “Timotheus” has been crossed out.

361 This name has been altered.

362 Written over another letter.

363 This name has been trimmed off, though some of the letters are visible.

364 While still legible, the tops of some of the letters are trimmed off.

365 The names of Park and Franklin are on the same line.

366 The names of Daniel Rogers and Samuel Rogers are on the same line.

367 The letter “a” in this name is interlined.

368 President Wadsworth wrote “Goffe.” This name, though still legible, has been erased and “Trowbridge” written over it in a different hand.

369 This name was originally “Cr well,” the third and fourth letters being illegible. It was then crossed out and above it written “Croswell.”

370 This entry is interlined.

371 Altered from “Spauldeng.”

372 President Wadsworth’s list, as copied from the Catalogue printed in 1733, must have stopped at this point; but the remainder of page [111] of the text is in the hand of Wadsworth, with the exceptions noted.

373 President Wadsworth’s list ends with this name.

374 The list of names from 1737 to 1768, inclusive, is in the hand of President Holyoke.

375 This name is written over one erased.

376 The final letter of this word has been altered: it may be “Enoch” or “Enock.”

377 Altered from “Henry.”

378 This name is written over another name, the “n” being interlined.

379 Apparently altered from “Laurence.”

380 Altered from “Burbeen.”

381 “Augustus” is interlined.

382 Over the name of Aaron Hutchinson is attached to the page by sealing wax a slip containing the seven names printed in italics immediately below the name of Benjamin West.

383 Several names have been crossed out and over them is attached to the page by sealing wax a slip containing the six names printed in italics immediately below.

384 This name is written over “Nathaniel Potter 1758.”

385 Written over “Clarke,” partly erased.

386 Altered from “Peter.”

387 “Guilielmus” is written over a word erased.

388 Altered from “Goreham.”

389 Five or six names have here been crossed out and over them has been attached to the page by sealing wax a slip containing the nine names printed in italics beginning with that of “Carolus Gordon.”

390 Written over a word erased.

391 Three names have here been crossed out and over them has been attached to the page by sealing wax a slip containing the five names printed in italics.

392 A letter or two is here crossed out.

393 Altered from “cæter.”

394 The letter “r” in this name is interlined.

395 Some words are here undecipherable.

396 Written over “Johannes,” erased.

397 Written over “Ebenezer,” erased.

398 The names of Apollos Leonard and Ebenezer Pemberton are written on a slip attached by sealing wax to the page.

399 The names of Apollos Leonard and Ebenezer Pemberton are written on a slip attached by sealing wax to the page.

400 Altered from “Rufis.”

401 Apparently altered from “Sewell.”

402 This is the last entry in the hand of President Holyoke.

403 The names of those who graduated in 1769 are in an unknown hand.

404 The word “Marchio” is underscored.

405 The names from 1770 to 1773, inclusive, are perhaps in the hand of President Locke.

406 Altered from “Aaaron.”

407 Altered from “Newall.”

408 Altered from “Jahakcobus.”

409 Altered from “Vassal.”

410 Altered from “Roggers.”

411 Apparently altered from “Ebenezar.”

412 The letter “h” in this name is interlined.

413 Altered from “Ebenezar.”

414 Altered apparently from “Halsey.”

415 The letter “e” in this name is interlined.

416 Altered from “Nathanael.”

417 The letters “ton” in this name are interlined.

418 Altered apparently from “Josha.”

419 The letters “ias” in this name are interlined.

420 Altered from “Julij.”

421 The names from 1774 to 1780, inclusive, are in the hand of President Langdon.

422 The seven names from Benjamin Waterhouse to Johannes Smith are written on a slip of paper attached by sealing wax to the page. The name of Alexander Hamilton is underscored twice.

423 This entry is written over an entry erased.

424 This entry is written over an entry erased.

425 This entry is written over an entry erased.

426 The names of Huntington, Judson, and Adams printed in italics are written on a slip of paper attached by sealing wax to the page.

427 “Allen” is interlined.

428 The six names printed in italics are written on a slip of paper attached by sealing wax to the page.

429 The names of Lewis, Chester, Robinson, and Woodbridge are written on a slip of paper attached by sealing wax to the page, over several names crossed out.

430 “18” is altered, the original date being undecipherable.

431 “1781” is altered from “1782.” The names from 1781 to 1795, inclusive, are in the hand of President Willard.

432 Altered from “1786.”

433 Written over a word erased.

434 A name has been erased between the names of Sethus Pratt and Allen Pratt.

435 A name has been erased between the names of Sethus Pratt and Allen Pratt.

436 Pages [134–163] are blank.

437 These Laws relating to the Library—pages [164–166] of the text, or pages 129–134 of this volume—are, with the exceptions noted in the footnotes, in the hand of President Wadsworth.

438 Substituted for “belonging,” crossed out.

439 Substituted for “&,” crossed out.

440 The word “as” is interlined.

441 The words “out of y^e Library” are interlined.

442 Altered from “admit.”

443 The word “wch” is interlined.

444 The words “shall make” are interlined.

445 The word “out” is interlined.

446 The words “all borrowers” are substituted for “every Batchelour, & Master,” crossed out.

447 Down to this point, paragraph 12 is printed as originally written; but later the entire paragraph was crossed out and the words “this law should run as follows, viz.” were added by President Wadsworth.

448 The word “viz.” is interlined.

449 This line is in the hand of President Holyoke. The reference is to page [225] of College Book IV.

450 This marginal note is in the hand of President Holyoke.

451 The bottom line has been trimmed off.

452 The word “any” is interlined.

453 The word “Records” is interlined.

454 The word “resident” is interlined.

455 Pages [167–181] are blank.

456 The upper left-hand corner of page [182] has been numbered “(1),” the upper left-hand corner of page [183] has been numbered “(2),” and the upper left-hand corner of page [184] has been numbered “(3).” This separate pagination of the Laws was not continued after page [184].

457 These College Laws—pages [182–206] of the text, or pages 134–155 of this volume—are in the hand of Ebenezer Bridge, of the Class of 1736.

458 Substituted for “the,” crossed out.

459 Altered from “he.”

460 The letter “d” in this word is interlined.

461 Altered from “does.”

462 The letters “ey.” are interlined.

463 The word “Hall” is interlined.

464 Substituted for “at,” crossed out.

465 Substituted for “of,” crossed out.

466 Written over “day,” erased.

467 The words “y^e President or” are interlined.

468 The word “y^e” is interlined.

469 Apparently altered from “irreverant.”

470 The word “respective” is in the margin, apparently added later.

471 The second and third letters in this word have apparently been altered.

472 The letter “t” in this word is interlined.

473 The word “with” ends the last line on page [186], leaving no space for “out,” which is added at the bottom of the page as a catchword.

474 The first “e” in this word is interlined.

475 Apparently “week” was originally written, then erased, and “Forghtnightly” written over it.

476 Altered from “direct,” the “s” being interlined.

477 The second “a” in this word is interlined.

478 The word “shall” is interlined, obviously in the wrong place.

479 “Absence” is written over a word erased.

480 The word “but,” in the hand of President Wadsworth, is interlined.

481 Apparently “houses” was originally written, and the final letter then crossed out.

482 Substituted for “and.”

483 The word “or” is interlined.

484 The word “shall” is interlined.

485 The words “and degree” are interlined.

486 The word “publick” is interlined.

487 Written over “Admonition,” erased.

488 The word “there” is interlined.

489 The letter “t” in this word is interlined.

490 The word “y^e” is interlined.

491 The letter “r” in this word is interlined.

492 The word “be” is interlined.

493 Altered from “Loquors.”

494 The letter “N” in this letter is written over “w.”

495 Apparently altered from “Liquous.”

496 The word “from” is interlined.

497 Substituted for “and,” crossed out.

498 Altered from “of.”

499 The word “time” is interlined.

500 The word “the plates” are interlined.

501 Substituted for “by,” crossed out.

502 Substituted for “by,” crossed out.

503 The words “charge of the” are interlined.

504 Altered from “&.”

505 The letter “v” in this word has been altered.

506 The word “to” is interlined.

507 A word is here crossed out.

508 The word “Act” is interlined.

509 Perhaps the letter “s” in this word has been crossed out.

510 Substituted for “think,” crosssd out.

511 Apparently written over “or”

512 The inside edge of this page has been repaired by pasting a piece of paper along it, thereby obliterating the number.

513 The letters “ll” in this word are interlined.

514 The words “of y^e dinner” are interlined.

515 The letter “i” in this word is interlined.

516 The word “thereof” is interlined.

517 Substituted for “his,” crossed out.

518 Substituted for “week,” crossed out.

519 Altered from “or.”

520 The first “r” in this word is interlined.

521 The first “h” in this word is interlined.

522 The word “at” is interlined.

523 The words “in y^e College” are interlined.

524 “&” is interlined.

525 Though the last line of page [201], containing the words “by the President & Tutors,” has been trimmed off, it is decipherable.

526 The first “h” in this word is written over “e.”

527 Altered from “extravigance.”

528 Apparently altered from “others.”

529 Substituted for “and,” crossed out.

530 The letter “n” in this word is interlined.

531 The word “all” is interlined.

532 Substituted for a word crossed out.

533 Altered from “on.”

534 The letter “y” in this word is interlined.

535 The word “in” is interlined.

536 Apparently altered from some undecipherable word.

537 The word “Refuse” is written over “or Graduate,” the word “Graduate” being erased.

538 The words “or neglect” are interlined.

539 Substituted for “that,” crossed out.

540 This word has apparently been altered.

541 The letters “th” in this word are written over “w.”

542 The hand of Bridge ends here.

543 The words “& corporation” are interlined.

544 All the paragraphs, from the conclusion of the Laws to this point, are in the hand of President Wadsworth.

545 Pages [207–249] are blank except that at the top of page [233] are written the words “In nomine.”

546 After page [249] the only entry made in the proper way is on page [354], hence this entry is printed here. All entries between page [249] and page [354] have been made by inverting the book. Hence the pages between page [249] and page [354] are printed in inverse order.

547 Between “1643” and “M^r” a date—apparently “1643,” then altered to “1743”—has been crossed out.

548 Pages [353–273] are blank.

549 In the lists of books on pages [272, 268, 264–260, 259, 250], the names and titles are printed exactly as written, so far as they can be deciphered, the usual practice in regard to words in Latin being departed from in these instances.

550 The word “Armiger” is interlined.

551 This list is in the hand of YY.

552 All the letters in this word, except the first letter, have been written over other letters, crossed out.

553 The eighth and ninth letters in this word are interlined.

554 One or two words are here crossed out.

555 The second “a” in this word has been altered.

556 The letter “u” in this word has been altered.

557 Pages [271–269] are blank.

558 Apparently a letter in this word between “c” and “o” has been crossed out.

559 The tops of some of the letters have been trimmed off, but all words are legible. This list is in the hand of YY.

560 Altered from “Sylvæ.”

561 Pages [267–265] are blank.

562 “Harvardus” has been written over “Hervertus.”

563 Underneath the heading is written in pencil: “Is not this Dunster’s handwriting?” The words are now so faint as scarcely to be seen. The hand, however, is that of YY and not that of Dunster. The number preceding each title is written in pencil, and is here retained for convenience.

564 Between 15 and 16 a word has been crossed out.

565 A word has here been crossed out.

566 Altered from “Boltons.”

567 Apparently altered from “of.”

568 This word has apparently been altered.

569 A letter or two is here crossed out.

570 A letter or two is here crossed out.

571 This title, apparently consisting of two words, is trimmed off. The first word is doubtful.

572 Altered from “Christopolitanej.”

573 After this item is written in pencil “Escaped when the Library was burnt.”

574 A letter is here crossed out.

575 Altered from “Consiones.”

576 Between 95 and 96 a title has been crossed out.

577 Altered from “Huttons.”

578 Altered from “Lycosthenes.”

579 Written “138” by mistake.

580 Altered from “Parsij.”

581 Altered from “Clouds.”

582 Perhaps “Scheublerj.”

583 A word is here crossed out.

584 This entry, including the signature “Henrie Dunster,” is in the hand of President Chauny.

585 The figure “1649” is underscored.

586 This receipt is in the hand of Joshua Scottow.

587 In the margin is written in pencil “Prest. Chauncys handwriting.”

588 Two words are here crossed out.

589 The last letter in this word has been altered.

590 The last letter in this word has been altered.

591 Pages [258–251] are blank.

592 There is here a caret, but the word substituted for “Nov: Angliæ” has been trimmed off.

593 This list is in the hand of ZZ.

594 The last letter in this word has been altered.

595 Apparently written over another word or letter.

1 The letter “d” in this word is interlined.

2 The words “The Colledge Booke,” in an unknown hand, are written in large letters at the top of the first leaf of the original, which is unnumbered. The verso of that leaf is blank. On a fly leaf, opposite the first leaf of the original, is written in pencil: “These books bound in Pres^t Quincy’s day J L S”

3 The words “N^o 3,” probably in the hand of President Wadsworth, are written in the upper right-hand corner.

4 The entries on pages [1–85] of the text are, with the exceptions noted in the footnotes, in the hand of Treasurer Danforth.

5 The name “Charlstown,” apparently in the hand of Henry Flynt, is written in a space left blank by Danforth.

6 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Leverett.

7 This marginal entry, in a different hand, is written in pencil. “8^th” has been altered from “7^th.”

8 This marginal entry, in a different hand, is written in pencil.

9 Apparently altered from “this.”

10 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Leverett. The references are to pages [62, 49, 50, 76, 82] of the text, or pages 225, 215, 216, 246, 252, of this volume.

11 Written over “eight,” erased.

12 The first letter in this word has apparently been altered.

13 The figure “003” has been altered.

14 The figure “010” has been altered.

15 The words between “members thereof,” (page 173) and “all Gifts,” (page 174) are interlined in a later hand, probably that of Henry Flynt.

16 The first letter is written over “Ed” or “El.” The name as printed in the text is doubtful, but “Wory” is the form in the Donation Book compiled for the use of the Corporation in 1773 and also in Quincy’s History of Harvard University (i. 458).

17 The first three letters in this word have been altered.

18 The reference is to page [10] of the text, or pages 179–180 of this volume.

19 The scribe began to write “Colledge,” got as far as “Colledg,” then erased the upper curl of “d,” turning the lower part into “g,” and erased “g,” writing “e” over it. These three words, not in the hand of Treasurer Danforth, are in the same hand that wrote the words “The Colledge Booke” on the recto of the first leaf of College Book III: see page 171 of this volume.

20 Here is attached to the page an impression of the Seal reproduced in facsimile facing this page. It is a different Seal from that on page [27] of College Book I. See page 16, above.

21 The letter “g” in this word has been altered from “d.”

22 Altered from “22^th.”

23 The second letter in this word has been altered.

24 The second letter in this word has perhaps been altered.

25 The letter “a” in this word has perhaps been altered.

26 Written for “authoritate.” The word is broken at “authori” by the end of a line, and the scribe went on to write “te,” forgetting “ta.”

27 The second letter in this word has been altered.

28 A word or letter is here crossed out.

29 This word has been altered.

30 The reference is to page [6] of the text, or page 175 of this volume.

31 The figures have been altered.

32 The figure “039” has been altered.

33 The figures have been altered.

34 The figures for pounds and shillings have been altered.

35 Altered from “m^r.”

36 The words “m^r Dunster” are substituted for “he,” crossed out.

37 The reference is to page [18] of the text, or page 186 of this volume.

38 The word “that” is interlined.

39 The last letter in this word has been altered.

40 Substituted for “and,” crossed out.

41 The word “shal,” perhaps in a different hand, is interlined.

42 Written over “or.”

43 The word “all” is interlined.

44 The word “said” is interlined.

45 Substituted for “Ten,” crossed out.

46 This entry by Flynt is in his own hand.

47 Altered from “Deputities.”

48 The word “well” is interlined.

49 Written over “in.”

50 Altered from “Rumbley.”

51 Two or three letters are here crossed out.

52 The word “John” is here interlined in pencil.

53 Apparently altered from “Allen.”

54 In the original the account has not been added up; but underneath this entry are written in pencil the figures “79 16 6.”

55 These figures, presumably in the hand of President Quincy, are written in pencil, and then again (immediately below) in ink.

56 There are several holes in the leaf containing pages [17–18]. In this entry, the 0 in 104 is cut out.

57 In the vacant space is written in pencil in a later hand, perhaps that of J. L. Sibley, “William.”

58 In this entry, the 1 in 10 is cut out; hence 10 is conjectural. But if £170 9s given below, is correct—and presumably it is—for the total of the sums entered on page [17], then 10 is the correct figure in this entry.

59 The words “potius 47” are in a different hand. The reference is to page [47] of the text, or pages 213–214 of this volume.

60 This entry is in the hand of President Quincy.

61 In the original the account has not been added up. These figures are presumably in the hand of President Quincy.

62 Written over “Colledge.”

63 Substituted for “them,” crossed out.

64 Apparently altered from “the” or “ther.”

65 Written over “&.”

66 This word is underscored.

67 This entry, which is in the hand of President Quincy, was originally made in pencil and then traced over in ink. Underneath the figure “46” is written in pencil “J Q.” The reference is to page [46] of the text, or page 212 of this volume.

68 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth. The reference is to pages [43–44] of College Book I, or pages 24–29 of this volume.

69 The third letter in this word has been altered.

70 Written in the upper left margin of page [20].

71 Apparently altered from “12.”

72 Perhaps “License.”

73 Written in the upper right margin of page [21].

74 The reference is to page [8] of the text, or page 177 of this volume.

75 The reference is to page [8] of the text, or page 177 of this volume.

76 Before “1,” apparently “20” has been crossed out.

77 The word “fore” is interlined.

78 Written in the upper left margin of page [22].

79 Written over “&.”

80 Written in the upper right margin of page [23].

81 The third and fourth letters in this word have been altered.

82 Written in the upper left margin of page [24].

83 The third letter in this word has been altered.

84 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Leverett.

85 The last letter in this word has been altered.

86 Written in the upper right margin of page [25].

87 Written in the upper left margin of page [26].

88 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth. The reference is to page [27] of College Book IV.

89 Altered from “12.”

90 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Leverett.

91 Written over a word undecipherable.

92 Written in the upper right margin of page [27].

93 The first letter in this word has been altered.

94 This figure has been altered.

95 Written in the upper left margin of page [28].

96 Written over “&.”

97 Written in the upper right margin of page [29].

98 A word is here crossed out.

99 In the margin is written in pencil, perhaps by Thaddeus William Harris, “The 2^d Harvard, which was burnt.”

100 In the margin is written in pencil, perhaps by T. W. Harris, “The ‘Lodgings’ or house finished by Dunster & which stood near Massachusetts.”

101 The words “See Coll. B. 2. p. 38” are in the hand of President Wadsworth. The reference is to College Book II.

102 The first letter in this word has been altered.

103 Apparently altered from “fifty.”

104 Written over “Two.”

105 Originally there was a blank space before “Perry,” “Seth” having been written in by President Leverett.

106 The square brackets are in the original.

107 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Leverett.

108 The words after the word “pounds” to the end of the sentence are in the hand of President Leverett.

109 The square brackets are in the original.

110 Altered from “Ewes.”

111 “John” is underscored, but not crossed out, and above it is written, in the hand of President Leverett, “Edward.”

112 Altered from “M^r.”

113 Over this name is written in pencil “Ting.”

114 Over this name is written in pencil “Graves.”

115 In the blank space is written in pencil “[Segotea, J L S.].”

116 “&” is interlined.

117 The square brackets are in the original. The reference is to page [37] of the text, or pages 205–206 of this volume.

118 Written in the upper right margin of page [33].

119 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth. The reference is to page [63] of the text of College Book I, or page 45 of this volume.

120 The third letter in this word has been altered.

121 A word or letter is here crossed out.

122 Written in the upper left margin of page [34].

123 Altered from “responsable.”

124 The last two letters in this word have been altered.

125 Written in the upper right margin of page [35].

126 Altered from “ally.”

127 Written in the upper left margin of page [36].

128 The letter “u” in this word is interlined.

129 The letter “u” in this word is interlined.

130 Written in the upper right margin of page [37].

131 The first two letters in this word have been altered.

132 The letter “W” in this word is written over another letter or letters.

133 The scribe intended to write “Johann,” but made only one downward stroke in the first “n.”

134 The bracketed entry is in the hand of President Holyoke. The brackets are in the original.

135 Page [38] is blank.

136 Altered from “Emersion.”

137 This word is blotted.

138 This word is blotted.

139 This marginal entry is apparently in a different hand.

140 Altered from “Studies.”

141 “Maj^r” has been written over a word undecipherable, perhaps “m^r.”

142 Apparently altered from “Sewell.”

143 Altered from “Minito^r.”

144 At the bottom of the page is written in pencil:

“on which the Coll. now stands” is an interpolation, not written by Treasurer Danforth, at the above named date, if by him at all, and probably written as late as the year 1683. The College referred to was the 2^d Harvard, which was burnt in 1764, & on the site whereof the 3d Harvard Hall was built.

After the above entry, also in pencil, is written:

“(Th. Wm. Harris’s pencilling.).”

The words “on w^ch the Coll. now stands” were perhaps written later but are certainly in Danforth’s hand.

145 The figures printed in italics are written in pencil in a different hand.

146 This figure has apparently been altered.

147 This figure has apparently been altered.

148 Here is written in pencil “£104.”

149 This name has been altered.

150 Apparently altered from “y^t.”

151 Apparently altered from “094.”

152 Altered from “in.”

153 Written over “with.”

154 Near the bottom of page [48] are scribbled in pencil the following figures:

674.09.11

1080. 2.11

1754.12.10

155 These figures have been altered.

156 Originally there was a blank space here, later filled in by President Leverett with “Edward.”

157 The “g” is apparently written over “R.”

158 At the bottom of page [49] are scribbled in pencil the date “1668” and the following figures:

1540

1537.14.08

3077.14. 8

459.17.11

2617.16 9

159 This figure has been altered.

160 Apparently written over “at;” or perhaps “at” written over “of.”

161 The “6” in this figure has been altered.

162 “Boston,” underscored, is written above “Dorchester,” underscored but not crossed out.

163 This “N. B” is in a different hand.

164 The names of those present are written in the margin.

165 This marginal entry, in the hand of President Leverett, is underscored.

166 The words “Affairs of the Colledge” are underscored.

167 The reference is to pages [50–51] of the text, or pages 216–217 of this volume.

168 Written over “Corporation.”

169 Written over another word, perhaps “June.”

170 Written over another figure, perhaps “27.”

171 Apparently altered from “1673.”

172 A word or two before “Docto^r” is crossed out.

173 Cf. page [75] of College Book I, or pages 55–56 of this volume.

174 The final letter in this word has been altered.

175 Altered from “umto.”

176 These words have been erased, and in addition two lines have been drawn through them.

177 The figures printed in italics are written in pencil.

178 The figures printed in italics are written in pencil.

179 This entry is in the hand of President Leverett.

180 The figures printed in italics are written in pencil.

181 The figures printed in italics are written in pencil.

182 The figures printed in italics are written in pencil. Also, at the bottom of page [59] various figures are scribbled in pencil.

183 The figures printed in italics are written in pencil. Also, at the bottom of page [59] various figures are scribbled in pencil.

184 These figures have been altered.

185 Altered from “1679.”

186 The figures printed in italics are written in pencil.

187 The figures printed in italics are written in pencil.

188 By “the old Colledge-Book” is meant College Book I.

189 This date was originally written apparently “October 4th 1669,” though as the original words have been written over they are difficult to decipher.

190 The first letter in this word has been altered.

191 Substituted for “an Accot of,” crossed out.

192 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Leverett. The reference is to page [1] of the text, or page 172 of this volume.

193 This name, in the hand of President Leverett, is written in a blank space.

194 The words “nominat^d, Chosen &” are interlined in the hand of President Leverett.

195 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Leverett.

196 The “N B.” is in the hand of President Leverett.

197 This entry, written partly in the margin, is in the hand of President Leverett.

198 The letter “S” in this word is written over “M.”

199 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Leverett.

200 So written by Danforth, but doubtless an error for “serv^t.” See page [77] of College Book I, or page 59 of this volume.

201 This paragraph is in the hand of President Leverett.

202 Altered from “1673” or “1675.”

203 This entry, in the hand of President Leverett, is written at the top of the page. By “the Old Overseers Book” is meant College Book II.

204 The names of those present, in the hand of President Leverett, are written in the margin.

205 The words “i.e the Corporation” are interlined in the hand of President Leverett.

206 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Leverett. By “Long College Book” is meant College Book I. The reference is to page [77] of College Book I, or page 59 of this volume.

207 Altered from “Oakes.”

208 This word has been altered.

209 The last letter in this word has been altered.

210 Written over another word.

211 The sixth letter in this word has been altered

212 A letter before this word is crossed out.

213 Written over “k.”

214 This entry, in the hand of President Leverett, is written partly in the margin.

215 This entry, in the hand of President Leverett, is written in the margin. It is uncertain to what it refers.

216 This list of names, in the hand of President Leverett, is written in the margin.

217 A word or letter after Danforth’s name is crossed out. The names of those present are written in the margin.

218 The words “The Same Apr̄ 7. 1675.” are in the hand of President Leverett.

219 The fifth letter in this word has been altered.

220 This paragraph is in the hand of President Leverett.

221 The names of those present and the words “At this Corporation meeting w^r Present,” in the hand of President Leverett, are written in the margin.

222 The names of those present are written in the margin.

223 Written over a word crossed out.

224 The names of those present are written in the margin.

225 “Aaron,” perhaps in a different hand, is written above “Will:” each name being underscored, but not crossed out.

226 The words “Overseers Meeting” are in the hand of President Leverett.

227 The date was originally written “27. 8. 75.”

228 This paragraph is in the hand of President Leverett.

229 This entry, in the hand of President Leverett, is written partly in the margin.

230 The words “and to be presented to the Overseers for y^r accept^c” are in the hand of President Leverett.

231 The words “At a Meeting of the Corporation,” are in the hand of President Leverett.

232 The names of those present and the words “All the Member thereof being Present i.e” in the hand of President Leverett, are written in the margin.

233 The names of those present are written in the margin.

234 The first letter in this word has been altered.

235 This meeting is in the hand of President Leverett.

236 The names of those present, in the hand of President Leverett, are written in the margin. After the initials “T. D.,” a letter is blurred or crossed out.

237 This paragraph, in the hand of President Leverett, is written in the lower right corner of page [69].

238 The words “At a Meeting of the Corporation at Cambridge” are in the hand of President Leverett.

239 The words “All being Present” are in the hand of President Leverett.

240 The names of those present, in the hand of President Leverett, are written in the margin.

241 The words beginning with “All” and ending with “Approbation” are in the hand of President Leverett.

242 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Leverett. The last six words are underscored.

243 The words “of the College” are interlined.

244 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Leverett.

245 The reference is to page [66] of the text, or pages 230–231 of this volume.

246 The names of those present are written in the margin.

247 The last letter in this word has been altered.

248 The words beginning with “M^r Sherman” and ending with “1685” are in the hand of President Leverett.

249 A word before “m^r” is crossed out.

250 Originally written “Gibson,” then altered to “Green.”

251 The word “Mr” is interlined.

252 The word “Will” is interlined.

253 Some words are here crossed out.

254 The word “now” is interlined.

255 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Holyoke. The last eight words are underscored.

256 The words “colonie of nox” are underscored.

257 The names of those present are written in the margin.

258 The first two letters in this word have been altered.

259 Before “2” a figure is crossed out.

260 The first letter in this word has been altered.

261 The words “Presid^t of Harvard College” are interlined.

262 This paragraph is in the hand of President Leverett.

263 This entire entry is in the original crossed out, some words not being legible.

264 This entry, in the hand of President Leverett, is written chiefly in the margin, and is intended to displace the preceding entry, crossed out.

265 This entry, in the hand of President Leverett, is written partly in the margin, and is intended to displace the heading and first paragraph of the following entry, crossed out.

266 Above this word is written in pencil “respect.”

267 Above the first letter in this word is written in pencil “pro.”

268 This heading, and the first paragraph of the entry, are crossed out in the original.

269 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Leverett.

270 The letter “o” in this word has been altered.

271 The names of those present are written in the margin.

272 A word, apparently “Anno,” is here crossed out.

273 Above “6. 9.” is written in pencil “Aug. 9.”

274 The last letter in this word has been altered.

275 The names of those present are written in the margin.

276 The names of those present, in the hand of President Leverett, are written in the margin.

277 Apparently altered from “chosen.”

278 The names of those present, in the hand of President Leverett, are written in the margin.

279 This figure has been altered.

280 The names of those present, in the hand of President Leverett, are written in the margin.

281 Substituted for “for,” crossed out.

282 The last letter in this word has been altered.

283 The names of those present are written in the margin.

284 This figure has perhaps been altered.

285 Altered from “rent.”

286 Altered from “1662.”

287 This date has apparently been altered.

288 Written over another word.

289 Apparently altered from “16.”

290 Under this figure is written in pencil “98.”

291 The names of those present are written in the margin.

292 The name “Web” is interlined.

293 Altered from “publiquely.”

294 The names of those present are written in the margin.

295 Written over “&.”

296 The names of those present are written in the margin.

297 Perhaps “places.”

298 The third letter in this name has been altered.

299 “Sam^l Nowell” is written over “Thomas Danforth.”

300 The letter “n” in “Atkins” is written over a letter undecipherable.

301 Apparently altered from “8.”

302 The letter “L” in this word is written over “C.”

303 These figures have been altered.

304 Perhaps “Hordy.”

305 Apparently altered from “8.”

306 The names of those present are written in the margin.

307 Treasurer Danforth’s hand ends here.

308 This entry, in the hand of President Leverett, is written chiefly in the margin.

309 This entry, in the hand of President Leverett, is written partly in the margin.

310 This entry, in the hand of President Leverett, is written in the margin.

311 This account is in the hand of President Leverett.

312 It is not known to what book these folios refer.

313 This figure has perhaps been altered.

314 Two or three words (clearly the date) before “The” cannot be deciphered, the bottom of the page being trimmed off.

315 All the entries on page [86] of the text are, with the possible exception of the first two lines, in the hand of President Leverett.

316 A word or part of a word, apparently “Gun,” is here crossed out. This line and the preceding line were perhaps written at a later date, and are perhaps in a different hand.

317 The first letter in this word has been altered.

318 The fourth and fifth letters in this word are interlined.

319 The word “Harvard” is interlined, being written above a word (perhaps “said”) crossed out.

320 Written over “College.”

321 These “Rules & Orders,” pages [87–88] of the text, are in the hand of A.

322 The second “r” in this word is interlined.

323 A letter is here crossed out.

324 The letter “g” in this word is interlined.

325 The words “shal require” are interlined.

326 The letter “i” in this word is interlined.

327 The word “either” has been here interlined and then crossed out.

328 This word is altered.

329 Altered from “for.”

330 The word “not” is interlined.

331 This word is altered.

332 Substituted for “of,” crossed out.

333 This word is altered.

334 The word “Charge” is interlined.

335 The letter “n” in this word is interlined.

336 Written over “a.”

337 Altered from “as.”

338 Substituted for “necessary,” crossed out.

339 The fourth letter in this word has been altered.

340 The word “pence” is interlined.

341 The words “of the clock” are interlined.

342 Some words are here crossed out.

343 The remaining entries on page [88] of the test are in the hand of President Leverett.

344 Page [89] is blank.

345 The figures within square brackets are not in the original, but have been added for the sake of convenience as indicating the pagination followed in the text.

346 The word “Dorchester” is interlined.

347 The word “of” is interlined.

348 To this point, the entries on page [90] of the text are in the hand of President Wadsworth. The remaining entries on page [90] of the text are in the hand of President Holyoke.

349 The reference is to page [341] of College Book IV.

350 The reference is to page [102] of the text, or page 279 of this volume.

351 The references are to pages [96, 115, 124, 125] of the text, or pages 271, 292, 300, 301 of this volume.

352 The entries on pages [91–114] of the text are, with the exceptions mentioned in the footnotes, in the hand of President Wadsworth.

353 The syllable “ments” is interlined.

354 The word “sold” is interlined.

355 The reference is to page 43 of College Book V.

356 The reference is to page [70] of College Book IV.

357 The reference are to pages [45, 53] of College Book IV.

358 The word “were” is interlined.

359 After “Acres” there is a caret, indicating that a passage in the right margin should be inserted here.

360 The reference is to page [2] of the text, or page 172 of this volume.

361 This sentence is written in the margin.

362 College Book II is not extant.

363 The words “n^o 3. p: 41.” are interlined in the hand of President Langdon. The reference is to page [41] of the text, or page 208 of this volume.

364 The reference is to page [30] of the text, or page 198 of this volume.

365 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Langdon. The reference is to page [41] of the text, or page 208 of this volume.

366 The words “Part of” are interlined.

367 The word “with” is interlined.

368 The “N B” is in the hand of President Langdon. The square brackets are in the original.

369 The references are to pages [143, 149] of College Book IV.

370 The references are to pages [143, 149] of College Book IV.

371 The words “B. Wadsworth” are interlined. A word underneath this is crossed out.

372 The words “B. Wadsworth” are interlined.

373 The word “they” is interlined.

374 Here a letter or mark is crossed out.

375 The reference is to page 84 of College Book V.

376 The words “Dec. 4.” are interlined.

377 A word or figure is here crossed out.

378 The reference is to page 85 of College Book V.

379 The words “sides of i[t]” are interlined.

380 The word “northward” is interlined.

381 This word is underscored.

382 The word “m^r” is interlined.

383 The reference is to page [16] of the text, or page 184 of this volume.

384 The word “this” is underscored and above it is written “College” in the hand of President Langdon.

385 The words “N^o 3” are interlined in the hand of President Langdon.

386 The reference is to page [123] of the text, or page 299 of this volume. The words beginning with “Mem^o” and ending with “122” are in the hand of President Holyoke.

387 The words “a deed” are underscored, and above them is written in a different hand “Will,” also underscored.

388 The reference is to page [16] of the text, or page 184 of this volume.

389 The word “of” is interlined.

390 Substituted for “from,” crossed out.

391 The words “Stoughton’s College” are underscored.

392 The word “John” is interlined.

393 There is here a caret.

394 The words from “bounded 1735.” to “Samuel Jones” are in the margin, a caret after “Trescot)” indicating where they should be inserted in the text.

395 The reference is to page [341] of College Book IV.

396 Substituted for “y^e,” crossed out.

397 The word “from” is interlined.

398 The reference is to page 72 of College Book V.

399 The reference is to page [343] of College Book IV.

400 The figure “114” is underscored. The reference is to page [115] of the text, or page 292 of this volume.

401 The words “where a” are interlined.

402 A figure, apparently “165,” is here crossed out or blotted.

403 The words “N^o 4. p. 165” are in the hand of President Langdon. The reference is to page [165] of College Book IV.

404 The words “gave to the college” are interlined.

405 The word “three” is underscored.

406 The word “five” is underscored.

407 “&” is interlined.

408 The word “four” is underscored.

409 A letter or two is here crossed out.

410 There is here a cross in pencil, and in the right margin is a corresponding cross in pencil and the following entry written in pencil: “N. B. This land accruing by this bequest was sold in 1808 to Cap^t Jo^s Haley 3^d Will^m Vaughan & Col^o Tho^s Cutts.” The word “Capt” is interlined.

411 A letter is here crossed out.

412 “John Wakefield & Mary Wakefield” are substituted for “Francis Hook Nicholas Lash,” crossed out.

413 Altered from “westerward.”

414 This marginal entry is in a different hand.

415 The square bracket is in the original.

416 A letter or two is here crossed out.

417 A word or letter is here crossed out.

418 Substituted for “to,” crossed out.

419 Substituted for “by,” crossed out.

420 The references are to pages [67, 78] of College Book I, or pages 51, 60, of this volume.

421 The word “the” is interlined.

422 The reference is to page [60] of College Book IV.

423 The word “a” is interlined.

424 The word “confirm’d” is underscored.

425 The words “any free place” are underscored.

426 The words “free place” are underscored.

427 Here is a caret.

428 The words “yt occasion’d this” are written in the left margin, preceded by a caret.

429 The figure “4” in “24” has perhaps been altered.

430 This description of the plan, and also the plan itself, are in the hand of President Holyoke. The following names appear on Plan A: Isaac How, George Minot, Nehemiah Stiles, Daniel Tolman, Jonas Tolman.

431 The reference is to page [341] of College Book IV.

432 The reference is to page [154] of College Book IV.

433 The final letter in “Waldo” has been crossed out and “o” substituted for it.

434 The square bracket is in the original.

435 This entry is in the hand of President Holyoke. The reference is to pages [120–121] of the text, or Plan D, between pages 220–221 of this volume.

436 This entry is in the hand of President Holyoke. The reference is to page [122] of the text, or Plan E, between pages 230–231 of this volume.

437 The word “Lunenburgh” is underscored.

438 The word “Townsend” is underscored.

439 Altered from “Nathaneal.”

440 The reference is to page [112] of the text, or Plan B, between pages 200–201 of this volume.

441 The square bracket is in the original.

442 The word “Townsend” is underscored.

443 The square brackets are in the original. The reference is to pages [113–114] of the text, or page 291 of this volume.

444 The last letter in this word has been altered.

445 The references are to pages [99, 345] of College Book IV.

446 The words “Esq^r, late” are interlined.

447 “8^th” is interlined.

448 Apparently altered from “Hewett.”

449 The word “in” is interlined.

450 The square brackets are in the original. The reference is to page [37] of College Book I, or page 22 of this volume.

451 There is here a cross, referring to the marginal entry beginning “This conveyanc[e].”

452 The square brackets are in the original.

453 “B. 3. p. 42” is interlined. The reference is to page [42] of the text, or page 209 of this volume.

454 The reference is to page [7] of the text, or page 176 of this volume.

455 The word “purchased” is underscored.

456 There is here a dagger, referring to the marginal entry beginning “May. 18. 1664.” The reference is to page [51] of the text, or page 217 of this volume.

457 The square brackets are in the original.

458 The square brackets are in the original.

459 The reference is to page [41] of the text, or page 208 of this volume. Here the words “in this article,” in a different hand, have been interlined and then crossed out.

460 The word “hint” is interlined.

461 The square brackets are in the original. Underneath this entry is written in pencil “(Pres^t Wadsworth.).”

462 The reference is to [349] of College Book IV.

463 A letter, probably “L,” is here crossed out.

464 The reference is to page [75] of College Book I, or page 56 of this volume.

465 The reference is to page [52] of the text, or page 217 of this volume.

466 The words “two small shops” are underscored.

467 The words “great ordinary” are underscored.

468 The words “Ship Tavern” are underscored.

469 The reference is to page [41] of College Book I, or page 24 of this volume.

470 A letter or word is here crossed out.

471 The references are to pages [7, 42, 51] of the text, or pages 176, 209, 217, of this volume.

472 The reference is to page [47] of the text, or page 214 of this volume.

473 The reference is to page [50] of the text, or page 216 of this volume.

474 “Jan. 1. 1676” is interlined.

475 The references are to pages [76, 83] of the text, or pages 246, 252, of this volume.

476 The reference is to page [48] of College Book IV.

477 The reference is to page [83] of College Book I, or page 69 of this volume.

478 The reference is to page [74] of the text, or page 243 of this volume.

479 Massachusetts Colony Records, i. 304.

480 Apparently altered from “Peen.”

481 The word “Nox” is underscored.

482 The reference is to page [55] of College Book I, or pages 38–39 of this volume.

483 The reference is to page 21 of College Book V.

484 This marginal entry, in the hand of President Langdon, is underscored, and refers to the word “Nox” in the text.

485 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Langdon.

486 The square brackets are in the original.

487 The word “by” is interlined.

488 A letter is here crossed out.

489 The reference is to page [51] of College Book IV.

490 The reference is apparently to College Book V. That Book contains only 134 numbered pages; but as there is an allusion to the Dodderidge bequest on page 24, it is possible that President Wadsworth inadvertently wrote “p. 204” instead of “p. 24.”

491 The words “give in” are interlined.

492 Apparently altered from “Colledge.”

493 The references are to pages [33, 34, 38, 39, 42] of College Book IV.

494 The words “in Boston” are interlined.

495 The word “it” is interlined.

496 The name “Robert Thorner” is underscored.

497 The name “Daniel Williams” is underscored.

498 The word “Thorner’s” is underscored.

499 The reference is to page [350] of College Book IV.

500 The word “Williams’s” is underscored.

501 The reference is to page [346] of College Book IV.

502 The reference is to page [103] of the text, or pages 280–281 of this volume. There are no names on Plan B.

503 The references are to pages [103–104] of the text, or pages 280–281 of this volume. The name “m^r Jones” appears on Plan C.

504 President Wadsworth’s hand ends here.

505 This agreement is written in an unknown hand.

506 The words “to make” are interlined.

507 The letter “w” in this word has been altered.

508 The letters “oe” in this word have been altered.

509 The letters “oe” in this word have been altered.

510 Written over “that,” erased.

511 Altered from “will.”

512 The letter “w” in this word has been altered.

513 The word “College” is interlined.

514 Substituted for “the,” crossed out.

515 Written over a word erased.

516 This word has been altered.

517 The word “called” is interlined.

518 The letter “w” in this word has been altered.

519 Apparently altered from “Baynton.”

520 The word “about” is here interlined.

521 The word “about” was here interlined and then erased.

522 Altered from “Houselot.”

523 “yt” is interlined.

524 Here “yt” was interlined and then crossed out.

525 The word “said” is interlined.

526 The letters “tt” in this word have been altered.

527 This word has been altered.

528 Altered from “relate.”

529 Altered from “whose.”

530 Substituted for “parcels,” crossed out.

531 Altered from “related.”

532 The first letter in this word has been altered.

533 The words “that have or may arise by vertue” are written over some words erased.

534 The words “of Rowley for the use of said church and town of Rowley” are interlined.

535 The letter “H” in this word is written over “Th.”

536 These two lines are in the hand of President Wadsworth.

537 The reference is to pages [124, 125] of the text, or pages 300, 301, of this volume.

538 This entry is in the hand of President Holyoke.

539 As stated in the editorial note, Plan D fills pages [120–121] of the text. On page [120] appear the names of Brookfield, Leicester, and Sumpoag Pond. There are forty-nine lots, of which thirty-three are numbered from 1 to 33; ten are lettered O–U, W, X, Y; three are neither numbered nor lettered, but are marked “Meadow;” two are neither numbered nor lettered nor marked; and one (in the lower right-hand corner) is lettered N and marked “College.” The ownership of the thirty-three numbered lots is given as follows, Holyoke’s spelling being preserved: 1, Forster now J. Waldo; 2, Wright Wilder & Stevens; 3, A Davenport now Charnock & Franklyn; 4, Jon^a Willards Heirs; 5, Col^o Browne & Dyer; 6, Jn^o Smith & Jeffries; 7, Moses Parker now Oulton & Waldo; 8, Josiah Willard’s Heirs; 9, Col^o Chandler; 10, Tho^s Hutchinson; 11, Col^o Fitch; 12, Salter & Bill; 13, Col^o How & M^r Waldo; 14, Col^o Townsend now Col^o Minot; 15, Henry Willard’s Heirs; 16, Rev^d M^r Parsons; 17, Col^o How; 18, Col^o Tayler; 19, Sam^l Wright; 20, Edmonds’s Heirs now Cap^t Smith; 21, Dan^l Willard’s Heirs; 22, Rob^t Blood’s Heirs; 23, Forster now Oulton & Waldo; 24, Paul Dudley Esqȝ; 25, Hayward & Benj^a Parker; 26, Rev^d M^r Sam^l Willards; 27, Cap^t Jacob Stevens; 28, Jos. Willards; 29, Coll^o Winthrop; 30, Col^o Winslow (written over a number and a name erased); 31, John Willards Heirs; 32, Cap^t Brintnall; 33, Coll^o Bulkley’s Heirs.

On page [121] appear the following: Leicester, Meeting-house, ministers Lot, Province Farm, Saw Mill Farm, Judge Sewal’s Farm, Worcester. There are also the following words: “Mem^o The original Plan upon the same Scale, is upon File;” “Setled Part of Township of Rutland Six Miles Contents;” “Enter’d here Jan. 12. 1754. by E. Holyoke.”

540 The entries on page [122] of the text are in the hand of President Holyoke.

541 The reference is to page [120] of the text. See Plan D, between pages 220–221 of this volume.

542 “&” is interlined.

543 Written over “infra,” erased.

544 The reference is to page [103] of the text, or pages 280–281 of this volume.

545 The word “are” is interlined.

546 The word “Line” is interlined.

547 After the figure “1,” the words “Where it first began” were originally written, then erased and over them written the words in the text.

548 Plan E mentions “James Brownings Land,” “W^m Browning’s Land,” “Jn^o Moor’s Land,” “Swamp,” “a Ridge of Upland,” and “a little Brook;” and contains the following entries: “These Lots in the Old Town are prick’d on to this E. Side of the College Farm;” “This Line divides the Coll. Land from Lot. 6 pa. 119 [page 120 of the text] inscrib’d Jn^o Smith & Jeffries now claim’d by W^m & George Harper;” “Part of Lot. N^o 1: pa. 119 [page 120 of the text]. Claim’d by Col^o S. Waldo;” “Butter-nut Brook so called from Butter nut Trees that grow by it. neither are any known besides these, within Three Miles of this Place;” “Sumpoag Pond w^ch covers 93 Acres & 61 Rods of Ground.”

549 The entries on page [123] of the text are in the hand of President Holyoke.

550 The reference is to page [94] of the text, or page 269 of this volume.

551 Plan F mentions “Farm-house,” “Shawshin River,” Jacob Walker’s house, Jacob Walker’s inclosure; and contains the entry that “This End of the Farm to the Road is 109¾ Acres.”

552 The entries on page [124] of the text are in the hand of President Holyoke.

553 By “the other Side” is meant page [125] of the text, or Plan G, between pages 250–251 of this volume.

554 The references are to pages [96, 119] of the text, or pages 271, 297, of this volume.

555 The word “a” is interlined.

556 The word “Johnson” is interlined.

557 The words “several improvements &” are interlined.

558 Written over a word erased.

559 The word “Fence” is interlined.

560 The word “y^e” is interlined.

561 Written over “The College,” erased.

562 The entries on page [125] of the text are in the hand of President Holyoke.

563 Plan G shows a Pond and nineteen lots; and contains the following entry: “These Asterisms beginning in N^o. 6. shew the high way of 2 Rods Wide which the College gave leave to be laid out thro’ the Farm for the use of the Town of Waltham Anno 1761. vid. Coll. Book N^o 7. pag. 92. 95.”

564 The entries on page [126] of the text are in the hand of President Holyoke. This page is not numbered in the original.

565 Altered from “Asterism.”

566 The words “an opening at present stop’d with” are interlined.

567 Plan H mentions the “New Building on the foundation of that which was burnd,” Massachusetts, Stoughton, “Fence behind Stoughton,” “Ditch in y^e Presidents Orchard,” “Privy.”

568 The entries on page [127] of the text are in several unknown hands.

569 Plan I mentions “Presidents House Lot,” “Mr Wiggleswo[rth],” “College Land in the President’s Improvement,” “College Land in M^r Boardman’s Improv^t,” “M^r Boardmans Land improv’d by, the President,” “M^r Boardman’s Barn.”

570 Written over “the.”

571 The word “sq^e” is interlined.

572 The word “to” is interlined.

573 The word “it” is interlined.

574 Perhaps “Parsoun.”

575 The reference is to page [128] of the text or page 303 of this volume.

576 This entry is written in the left margin, the book having been turned sideways.

577 The entries on pages [128, 129, 131] of the text are in the hand of President Langdon.

578 Plan J mentions Common, Fresh Pond, Menotomy; and shows nine lots, of which eight are numbered 1–8 and the ninth is not numbered. The ownerships of these lots is given as follows: 1, Jona. Belcher Esq^r; 2, Capt: Moses Boardman; 3, M^r Nich: Fessenden’s Heirs; 4, Solomon Prentiss; 5, Ephr: Frost’s Heirs; 6, Harv^d College; 7, Henry Prentiss; 8, Jona. Wyeth; [9], M^r Andrew Boardman. In No. 4 is written in pencil “Dr Follen;” in No. 5 is written in pencil “Watshone;” and across Nos. 6–7 is written in pencil “Hodges.” These entries in pencil are too indistinct to show in the facsimile of Plan J.

579 Plan K mentions Bridgetown, Brownfield (first, second, and third grants), College (two lots), Common Lands, Fryburg, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Pleasant M^t, Pleasant Pond, Saco River.

580 “N 60°” is written over a word or figure erased.

581 Page [130] is blank.

582 Plan L mentions Brownfield, College (30), College Lot (61, 62, 63), College Upland (23–29), Lovel’s Pond, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Place of Lovels Battle with the Indians, Pond & Bogg (two).

583 Pages [132–136] are blank. At this point the book has been turned upside down. The first leaf is not written on, nor is it numbered. The second leaf is not numbered. Pages are now given in their inverse order.

584 At the left of these letters, the word “Præstantissimus” has been written and then erased. This entry is in an unknown hand.

585 Altered from “Juvinis.”

586 Altered from “felicita.”

587 Altered from “innocuit.”

588 The scribe’s error for “impendit.”

589 This list is in the hand of President Holyoke. The figures within square brackets are not in the original, but are inserted for convenience. They indicate the pages of the text.

590 The name “Mather. Byles” is written over a name erased.

591 This entry is in the same hand that wrote the entry on page [170] of the text: see pages 305–306 of this volume.

592 Altered from “nostram.”

593 Page [167] is blank.

594 This entry is in an unknown hand.

595 The words “et orbi” are interlined.

596 A letter is here crossed out.

597 This entry is in an unknown hand.

598 Here is a caret.

599 These two lines are written in the margin.

600 Written over a word erased.

601 The letters “re” in this word are interlined.

602 The word “generous” is interlined.

603 Altered from “pubkick.”

604 A word is here crossed out.

605 Written over “&.”

606 The third letter in this word has been altered.

607 The letter “d” in this word is interlined.

608 The letters “tions” in this word are interlined.

609 Substituted for “of,” crossed out.

610 The word “y^e” is interlined.

611 The letter “r” in this word is interlined.

612 This entry is in an unknown hand.

613 Some letters are here erased.

614 Altered from “meer.”

615 Between “hundred” and “mentioned,” some words have been erased and “Foot as Above” written over them.

616 The entries on pages [160, 158–156] of the text are in the same, but an nuknown, hand.

617 Written over a word.

618 The word “visum” is interlined.

619 Altered from “Cantibrigiensis.”

620 The first letter in this word has been altered.

621 Altered from “Archipisc.”

622 Page [159] is blank.

623 Altered from “Bostoniensis.”

624 Altered from “propteria.”

625 Written over “J.”

626 The initial letters “TB” are run together, as the copyist could not read the writing and tried to imitate it.

627 Altered from “Josepho.”

628 Altered from “Bostoniensis.”

629 Altered from “propteria.”

630 Altered from “Cic.”

631 Plainly so in the original.

632 Altered from “Liggg.”

633 Apparently altered from “Duntop.”

634 This word has been altered.

635 This word has been altered.

636 Altered from “Aritum.”

637 The first letter was originally written “R” or “P.”

638 The entries on pages [155–149] of the text are in the hand of President Holyoke.

639 Altered From “autem.”

640 Scribe’s Error for “affecisse.”

641 Altered from “milesemo.”

642 “et” is written above “in” in a different hand, but the corrector has neglected to cancel “in.”

643 The third letter in this word has been altered.

644 Altered from “Franllin.”

645 Error of scribe for “inaugurali.”

646 The letter “l” in this word was originally written “d.”

647 Error of scribe for “Doctoratus.”

648 Altered from “Nosse.”

649 Error of scribe for “I.”

650 Altered from “Verbo.”

651 Apparently originally written “Academia.”

652 The letter “n” in this word is interlined.

653 Apparently altered from “onnari.”

654 The letter “c” in this word is interlined.

655 The letters “gra” in this word are interlined.

656 Here follows a drawing of the seal reproduced in facsimile, facing this page.

657 The letters “no” in this word are interlined.

658 The word “jun^r” is interlined.

659 President Holyoke’s hand ends here.

660 This entry is in an unknown hand.

661 The letter “i” in this word is interlined.

662 Altered from “insignerentur.”

663 Here a word or letter (apparently “&”) has been erased.

664 This entry is in an unknown hand.

665 Written over “apud,” erased.

666 The entries on pages [145–140] of the text are in an unknown hand.

667 The word “nostræ” is interlined.

668 Altered from “Literis.”

669 The word “Domini” is interlined.

670 This word has been altered.

671 Apparently altered from “set.”

672 Altered from “Iura.”

673 Following this “Prac” was first written, then it was altered to some undecipherable word and cancelled; then “Prac” was written again (above); then this too was cancelled.

674 Substituted for “Socii,” crossed out.

675 The word “cohonestandum” is interlined.

676 The entries on pages [139–137] of the text are in the hand of President Langdon.

677 The letters “L. L. D” are interlined.

678 Written over a word erased.

679 Written over a figure erased.

680 The word “undequaque” is interlined.

681 Altered from “insignis.”

682 The first letter of this word has been altered.

683 Altered from “Jn.”

1 The first five leaves of the original volume are unnumbered. This entry is written on the recto of the first leaf, the verso of that leaf being blank. Besides this entry, on the recto of that leaf are scribbled various figures and at the top of the page is written in one place “William” and in another place “N^o. 4.” The words “N°. 4.” are in both places in the hand of President Wadsworth. The words “The Colledg Book” are in the hand of A.

2 This entry, in the hand of President Holyoke, is written on the recto of the first leaf.

The recto of the second leaf has traced on it in pencil the watermark. The verso of the second leaf is blank. The third, fourth, and fifth leaves are also blank. The records begin on the recto of the sixth leaf, page [1] of the text.

3 This Charter is in the hand of B.

4 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth. The reference is to page 43 of College Book V.

5 The letter “c” in this word is interlined.

6 The sixth letter in this word has apparently been altered.

7 A word is here erased.

8 Page [2] is blank.

9 Altered from “Heriditaments.’

10 The words “or be sued & Impleaded” are written over some words erased.

11 A word or two is here erased.

12 The first letter in this word has been altered.

13 The word “President” is interlined.

14 Written over “which,” erased.

15 Written over “time,” erased.

16 Altered from “fifeteen.”

17 Written over a word erased.

18 Substituted for “admitted,” crossed out

19 Page [4] is blank.

20 This meeting and all meetings down to that of September 3, 1694—pages [5–9] of the text, or pages 338–348 of this volume—are, with the exceptions stated in footnotes, in the hand of President Leverett.

21 The names of those present are written in the margin.

22 The first letter in this word has been altered.

23 Altered from “Schollares.”

24 The names of those present are written in the margin.

25 The fourth letter in this word has been altered.

26 The names of those present are written in the margin.

27 The names of those present are written in the margin.

28 The word “Dudley” is interlined.

29 The names of those present are written in the margin.

30 The names of those present are written in the margin.

31 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

32 Altered from “pleased.”

33 The names of those present are written in the margin.

34 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

35 The names of those present are written in the margin.

36 The names of those present are written in the margin.

37 The names of those present are written in the margin.

38 This word has perhaps been altered.

39 The names of those present are written in the margin.

40 The word “of” is interlined.

41 Altered from “as.”

42 Altered from “were.”

43 This word has been altered.

44 The first letter in this word is written over another letter.

45 The word “dues” is interlined.

46 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

47 Altered from “undo.”

48 The names of those present are written in the margin.

49 Apparently altered from “Danfoth.”

50 Altered from “Kitchen.”

51 Apparently altered from “Six-pen.”

52 A letter or two is here crossed out.

53 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

54 The names of those present are written in the margin.

55 The first letter in this word has been altered.

56 Altered from “Bilbow.”

57 This meeting is in the hand of C.

58 The names of those present are written in the margin.

59 The square brackets are in the original.

60 This meeting is in the hand of C.

61 The names of those present are written in the margin.

62 Written over another letter.

63 This entry is in the hand of President Leverett.

64 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

65 The bottom of the page is worn away.

66 The meetings of March 4, 1694–95, and of April 8, 1695, are in the hand of C.

67 The names of those present are written in the margin.

68 The names of those present are written in the margin.

69 The names of those present are written in the margin.

70 Here is written in pencil “(He had been the Librarian.).” Down to this point, the meeting of July 8, 1695, is in the hand of President Leverett.

71 This paragraph is in the hand of Tutor Flynt.

72 This meeting is in the hand of C.

73 The names of those present are written in the margin.

74 This entry is in the hand of President Leverett.

75 This entry is in the hand of President Leverett.

76 This entry and the remaining entries on page [11] of the text are in the hand of C.

77 The names of those present are written in the margin.

78 The names of those present are written in the margin.

79 The names of those present are written in the margin.

80 The figures “7. 2. 4” are interlined.

81 The words “if it may be” are interlined.

82 The names of those present are written in the margin.

83 This entry is in the hand of D.

84 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

85 This meeting, except the marginal entries, is in the hand of C.

86 The names of those present are written in the margin.

87 The words “and allowed as last year;” are interlined.

88 Written over another name, probably “Penoy.”

89 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Leverett.

90 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

91 This entry is in the hand of E.

92 This meeting is perhaps in the hand of President Leverett.

93 The names of those present are written in the margin.

94 Altered from “Encorporating.”

95 This meeting is in the hand of C.

96 Altered from “Allin.”

97 The names of those present are written in the margin.

98 A letter looking like “s” has been carelessly written before “untill.”

99 This meeting is in the hand of D.

100 The names of those present are written in the margin.

101 The meetings of March 3, 1697–98, April 7, 1698, and May 5, 1698, are in the hand of F.

102 The names of those present are written in the margin.

103 The names of those present are written in the margin.

104 The names of those present are written in the margin.

105 A word or figure, perhaps “8,” is here crossed out.

106 This entry is in the hand of President Mather.

107 This meeting is in the hand of F.

108 The names of those present are written in the margin.

109 The meetings of June 9 and 13, 1698, are in the hand of G.

110 The names of those present are written in the margin.

111 Altered from “Allin.”

112 The names of those present are written in the margin.

113 The word “last” is interlined.

114 The words “in money” are interlined.

115 This meeting is, with the exception of the last four lines and the marginal entry on page [16] of the text, in the hand of F.

116 The names of those present are written in the margin.

117 The words “& Bulkley,” in the hand of C, were added later and then crossed out.

118 These last four lines are in the hand of C.

119 This figure is underscored.

120 This entry dated “Dec: 5: 98:” is in the hand of C. The entry is incomplete.

121 This figure is underscored.

122 This meeting is in the hand of F.

123 The names of those present are written in the margin.

124 The words “or vice-Presid^nt” are interlined.

125 Here the words “or vice-President” have been interlined and then crossed

out.

126 The fifth letter in this word has been altered.

127 A few words in the left margin are here crossed out.

128 From this point to the bottom of page [19] of the text, the meetings are in the hand of Tutor Flynt.

129 The names of those present are written in the margin.

130 The words “in money allowed” are interlined.

131 The names of those present are written in the margin.

132 The names of those present are written in the margin.

133 The word “divided” is interlined.

134 A letter is here crossed out.

135 The names of those present are written in the margin.

136 The names of those present are written in the margin.

137 This figure has been altered.

138 This figure has been altered.

139 Altered from “Fetch.”

140 The names of those present are written in the margin.

141 Altered from “Lagacy.”

142 The names of those present are written in the margin.

143 This word has been altered.

144 Originally written “aight,” this word was altered to “Eight” and then crossed out.

145 This word has been altered.

146 This paragraph is in the hand of President Mather.

147 The meetings on pages [20–25] of the text are in the hand of Tutor Flynt.

148 The names of those present are written in the margin.

149 Substituted for “so,” crossed out.

150 The second letter in “Colledg” has been altered.

151 The names of those present are written in the margin.

152 Altered from “Angeer.”

153 Altered from “Fetch.”

154 Some words, apparently “money expended,” are here crossed out.

155 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

156 The names of those present are written in the margin.

157 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

158 The names of those present are written in the margin.

159 This word has been altered.

160 The names of those present are written in the margin.

161 The names of those present are written in the margin.

162 Written over “the.”

163 The word “the” is interlined.

164 The word “S^r” is interlined.

165 The names of those present are written in the margin.

166 Altered from “Peerpont.”

167 The names of those present are written in the margin.

168 Substituted for “by,” crossed out.

169 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

170 The words “from Mr Danforth” are interlined.

171 The sixth letter in this word has been altered.

172 The names of those present are written in the margin.

173 The names of those present are written in the margin.

174 The names of those present are written in the margin.

175 The word “out” is interlined.

176 Apparently altered from “Bernard.”

177 See page 377, note 2, below.

178 The meetings on pages [26–27] of the text are in the hand of H.

179 The names of those present are written in the margin.

180 Altered from “their.”

181 This word has apparently been altered.

182 This word has been altered.

183 This word has been altered.

184 The names of those present are written in the margin.

185 The letters “ce” in this word are interlined.

186 The leaf containing pages [25–26] of the text has been mutilated, a rectangular piece having been deliberately cut from the bottom. Apparently this piece contained no writing on page [25], but on page [26] it contained an entry, the tops of several letters being visible.

187 The letter “d” in this word is interlined.

188 The names of those present are written in the margin.

189 Written over a word erased.

190 The word “keeper” is interlined.

191 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

192 The heading of this meeting, the names of those present, and the first two paragraphs, are in the hand of Tutor Flynt.

193 The Address is in the hand of I.

194 Altered from “Subsestance.”

195 This paragraph is in the hand of I.

196 The entries on page [29] of the text are in the hand of J.

197 The year is underscored. This meeting is in the hand of I.

198 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

199 The meetings of January 26, 1707–08, May 27, 1708, and August 30, 1708, are in the hand of H.

200 The names of those present are written in the margin.

201 Apparently altered from “Uasage.”

202 Apparently altered from “or.”

203 The names of those present are written in the margin.

204 The word “Legacy” is interlined.

205 This entry is in the hand of President Leverett.

206 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

207 Altered from “Attrocious.”

208 Apparently altered from “24°.”

209 This entry is in the hand of President Leverett.

210 The names of those present are written in the margin.

211 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

212 This entry is in the hand of President Leverett.

213 President Leverett wrote “five,” over which, in President Wadsworth’s hand, is written “two.”

214 The entries from here down to the meeting of July 1, 1709, are, unless otherwise stated in the footnotes, in the hand of J.

215 Altered from “uppn.”

216 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

217 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

218 The word “be” is interlined.

219 This marginal entry, in the hand of President Wadsworth, refers to pages [38–39] of the text, or page 394–395 of this volume.

220 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

221 The names of those present are written in the margin.

222 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

223 The word “now” is interlined.

224 Apparently altered from “foorth” or “fourth.”

225 A word or two is here crossed out.

226 The word “be” is interlined.

227 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

228 The word “by” is interlined.

229 The meetings of July 1 and September 5 are in the hand of Tutor Flynt.

230 The names of those present are written in the margin.

231 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

232 The names of those present are written in the margin.

233 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Holyoke.

234 Apparently altered from “bi.”

235 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Holyoke.

236 Written over another word.

237 The third and fourth letters in this word have apparently been altered.

238 This meeting is in the hand of President Leverett.

239 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

240 Apparently altered from “Shathuck.”

241 This meeting is in the hand of Tutor Flynt.

242 The names of those present are written in the margin.

243 This entry and all subsequent entries down to that of April 20, 1724, inclusive (pages [37–95] of the text), are in the hand of President Leverett, except where otherwise specified in footnotes.

244 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

245 Written over “of.”

246 The second letter in this word has been altered.

247 The names of those present are written in the margin.

248 Substituted for “four,” crossed out.

249 The names of those present are written in the margin.

250 A word is here crossed out.

251 Altered from “Intentions.”

252 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth. The reference is to pages [33, 34] of the text, or page 386 of this volume.

253 The names of those present are written in the margin.

254 Altered from “november.”

255 Written over “of.”

256 Substituted for “They,” crossed out.

257 The word “out” is interlined.

258 This marginal entry, in the hand of President Wadsworth, refers to page [42] of the text, or pages 400–401 of this volume.

259 Altered from “were.”

260 Substituted for “for,” crossed out.

261 The names of those present are written in the margin.

262 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

263 The words “this day” are interlined.

264 A word is here crossed out.

265 Written over another word.

266 Altered from “Questian.”

267 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

268 The names of those present are written in the margin.

269 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

270 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

271 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

272 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

273 The first letter in this word has been altered from “f.”

274 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

275 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

276 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

277 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

278 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

279 The names of those present are written in the margin.

280 Altered from “Wassworth.”

281 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

282 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

283 The word “a” is interlined.

284 The names of those present are written in the margin.

285 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth. The reference is to page [33] of the text, or page 386 of this volume.

286 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Holyoke. The references are to pages [38, 39] of the text, or pages 394, 395, of this volume.

287 The word “any” is interlined.

288 In the left margin is written in pencil “He resigned this year.”

289 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

290 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

291 This marginal entry, the words “distinguishing Habit” being underscored, is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

292 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

293 The second letter in this word has been altered.

294 This word has been altered.

295 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.

296 This marginal entry is in the hand of President Wadsworth.