APPENDIX

LORD WILLOUGHBY’S COMMISSION as VICE-ADMIRAL OF BARBADOS, ETC.

26 January, 1666–7

THE DUKE OF YORK’S COMMISSION214 CONSTITUTING THE LORD WILLIAM WILLOUGHBY VICE-ADMIRAL OF THE BARBADOS AND THE REST OF THE CARIBBEE ISLANDS IN AMERICA215

James, Duke of York and Albany, Earl of Ulster, Constable of the Castle of Dover, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, Governor of the Town of Portsmouth, Knight of the Illustrious Order of the Garter, Lord High Admiral of England and Ireland and Wales and of the dominions and islands of the same, Captain General of the Town of Calais or the Marches of the same, of Normandy, Gascony, and Aquitaine, and of the fleet and seas of the said Kingdoms of England and Ireland, and likewise Lord High Admiral of the dominions of New England, Jamaica, Virginia, Barbados, Saint Christopher, [and] Antigua, in America, of Guinea, Benin,216 and Angola in Africa, of Tangia or Tangiers, a province of the Kingdom of Fez in Africa aforesaid, and of the islands and dominions of the same, and of all and singular other dominions whatsoever in parts beyond the sea unto our Most Serene Lord and brother Charles the Second, by the Grace of God King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, etc., belonging, and Captain General of the fleets and seas of the said places, — to our beloved William Baron Willoughby of Parham, Captain General and Governor in Chief of the Island of Barbadoes and of the other Caribbee Islands, etc., Greeting:

1. To take cognizance of and proceed in whatsoever causes civil and maritime, and in complaints, contracts, offences or suspected offences, crimes, pleas, debts, exchanges, accounts, charter parties, agreements, suits, trespasses, injuries, extortions, demands, or businesses civil and maritime whatsoever, commenced or to be commenced between merchants, or between owners and proprietors of ships and all other vessels and merchants, or others whomsoever with such owners and proprietors of ships and all other vessels whatsoever employed and used within the jurisdiction of our Most Serene Lord the King his Admiralty of Barbados and the other Caribbee Islands and of all and singular other islands, colonies, and plantations belonging to our Most Serene Lord the King lying between ten and twenty degrees of North Latitude and extending toward the East from the Island of Saint John of Portorico to three hundred and twenty-seven degrees, or of whatsoever parts of islands and places adjacent to the same, or between any other persons whomsoever had, made, begun, or contracted for any thing, matter, cause, or business, or injury whatsoever, done or to be done as well in, upon, or by the sea or public rivers, fresh waters, ports, streams, or creeks, and places overflowed whatsoever within the flowing and ebbing of the sea and to high-water mark, or upon the shores or banks whatsoever adjacent to the same or to any one of them from whatsoever first bridges toward the sea, throughout217 the Island of Barbados and the other places aforesaid or the dominions of the same or elsewhere beyond the sea or in whatsoever parts beyond the sea, together with all and singular their incidents, emergencies, dependencies, annexed and connexed causes and businesses whatsoever, [wheresoever]218 or howsoever such causes and complaintst contracts and other premises abovesaid, or any one of them, may happen to arise, be celebrated, contracted, or done, to hear and determine according to the laws civil and maritime and the customs received in the Principal Court of our foresaid Lord the King his Admiralty of Barbados and of the other places aforesaid and in whatsoever maritime parts of them and adjacent to every of them:
2. And moreover in all and singular complaints, contracts, agreements, and causes and businesses civil and maritime to be performed or contracted beyond the sea or to be fulfilled in the foresaid Island of Barbados and the places aforesaid or the adjacent island parts of the same, howsoever arising or happening:
3. And also in the other causes and matters all and singular which in any manner whatsoever touch or in any way concern, or by right ought to have belonged or ought to belong unto the maritime jurisdiction of our foresaid Lord the King his Admiralty aforesaid in the foresaid Island of Barbados and the other places aforesaid and the insular parts to the same adjacent whatsoever:
4. And generally in all and singular other causes, suits, crimes, offences, excesses, complaints, injuries, misdemeanors or suspected misdemeanors, regratings, forestallings, and maritime businesses whatsoever throughout the places aforesaid within the maritime jurisdiction of our foresaid Lord the King his Admiralty of Barbados and of other places aforesaid, by sea or water or the banks or shores of the same, howsoever done, committed, perpetrated, or arising:
5. And also to inquire by the oath of honest and lawful men of the said Island of Barbados and other places aforesaid and the beyond-sea and insular parts of the same and to every of the same adjoining, wheresoever dwelling, as well within liberties and franchises as without, as well concerning all and singular the things [which]219 of right by the statutes, ordinances, and customs of the foresaid Principal Court of Admiralty ought to be inquired after, as concerning wreck of the sea and concerning all and singular the goods and chattels of whatsoever traitors, pirates, manslayers, and felons, howsoever offending within the maritime jurisdiction of our foresaid Lord the King his Admiralty aforesaid, and concerning the goods, debts, and chattels of all and singular their maintainers, accessories, counsellors, abettors, or assistants whomsoever:
6. And also concerning the goods, debts, and chattels of whatsoever other persons felons of themselves, and of whatsoever person felon of himself, in whatsoever manner or howsoever coming to their death within the maritime jurisdiction aforesaid, wheresoever such goods, debts, and chattels or any parcel of the same, by sea, water, or land in the said Island of Barbados and other places aforesaid and maritime parts of the same and to every of them adjoining whatsoever, as well within liberties and franchises as without, shall be found or to be found, forfeited or to be forfeited, or in being, whatsoever [they may be]:
7. And also concerning whatsoever goods, debts, and chattels of whatsoever other persons felons of themselves, and of whatsoever other [person] felon of himself, found or to be found or happening within the maritime jurisdiction aforesaid:
8. And moreover as well concerning the goods, debts, and chattels of whatsoever other traitors, felons, and manslayers, wheresoever offending within the jurisdiction aforesaid, and concerning the goods, debts, and chattels of their maintainers, accessories, counsellors, abettors, or assistants,220 and concerning the goods, debts, and chattels of whatsoever fugitives, persons attainted, convicted, outlawed, or howsoever put or to be put in exigent for treason, felony, manslaughter, or murder, or any other offence whatsoever, or crime
9. And also concerning goods waving, flotsam, jetsam, lagan, shares, treasure found or to be found, deodands, and concerning the goods of [all] others whomsoever had or to be had as derelict or by chance found221 or to be found, or howsoever due or to be due, and concerning all other casualties, as well in, upon, or by the sea and shores, creeks, or coasts of the sea, or maritime parts, as in, upon, or by fresh waters, ports, public rivers, streams, or creeks whatsoever, or places overflowed within the flowing and ebbing of the sea, or to high-water mark, or upon the shores or banks of any one of the same, from whatsoever first bridges toward the sea, howsoever, whensoever, or in what manner soever arising, happening, or proceeding, whatsoever [they may be], or wheresoever the goods, debts, chattels, or other the premises or any parcel of the same may be found or shall happen to be found within the maritime jurisdiction of the Island of Barbados and of other places aforesaid or insular parts aforesaid adjoining to the same:
10. And further concerning anchorages and lastages or sand ballast of ships, and concerning fishes royal (to wit, sturgeons, baleens,222 whales, porpoises, dolphins, rigs, and grampuses) and generally concerning particular fishes whatsoever having in themselves great or huge bulk or fatness by right or custom to our abovesaid Lord the King in the said office of his Admiralty of Barbados aforesaid and of other places aforesaid appertaining or in any way belonging:
11. To ask, require, levy, take, collect, receive, and obtain, and to the use of [our] foresaid Lord the King and of the office of his High Admiral aforesaid for the time being to keep and preserve the same wreck of the sea and goods, debts, and chattels and all and singular other the premises, together with all and all manner of fines, mulcts, issues, forfeitures, amercements, ransoms, and recognizances whatsoever, forfeited223 or to be forfeited, and pecuniary punishments for trespasses, crimes, injuries, extortions, contempts, and other misdemeanors whatsoever, or for any other thing, matter, or cause whatsoever imposed or inflicted, to be imposed or inflicted, — howsoever, in the said Island of Barbados and other islands, colonies, and plantations aforesaid or maritime parts of the same and to every of them adjacent whatsoever, presented or to be presented, assessed, brought, forfeited, or adjudged in the Court of Admiralty of Barbados and of other places aforesaid held or to be held, and also together with [all] amercements, issues, fines, perquisites, mulcts, and pecuniary punishments whatsoever and forfeitures of [all] recognizances whatsoever before you or your deputy or deputies or other justices of our foresaid Lord the King or his heirs and successors their Admiralty of Barbados aforesaid and of other places aforesaid, or before three of the same, appointed or to be appointed by commissional letters patent of our said Lord the King, his heirs or successors, according to the statutes thereupon made and provided and the customs received in the Principal Court of our said Lord the King his Admiralty aforesaid made224 and to be made under the Great Seal of England, for225 hearing and determining (in the said Island of Barbados and other places aforesaid and maritime parts of the same or to any of them adjacent whatsoever) all and singular treasons, robberies, felonies, murders, manslaughters, confederacies, and other offences, trespasses, contempts, misprisions, spoils, and misdemeanors committed or to be committed within the maritime jurisdiction aforesaid, happening,226 imposed or to be imposed or to be inflicted or in any other manner by reason of the premises howsoever due or to be due to our Lord the King or his heirs or successors:
12. And further to take all manner of recognizances, cautions, obligations, and stipulations, as well to the use of our foresaid Lord the King as to our use, or at the instance of whatsoever parties, for agreements or debts and other causes whatsoever, and to put them in execution and to cause and command them to be executed:
13. And also actually to arrest or cause and command to be arrested, according to the civil and maritime laws and the customs received and used in the Court of Admiralty of our Lord the King, ships, persons, things, goods, wares and merchandises whatsoever, for the premises and every of them and for [all] other causes whatsoever concerning them,227 wheresoever they shall be met with or found in the said Island of Barbados and other places aforesaid or maritime parts of the same or to every of them adjoining whatsoever, within liberties and franchises or without, and also for [all] other agreements, causes, or offences whatsoever, howsoever contracted or arising, provided that the goods and persons of the debtors may be found within the jurisdiction aforesaid, and to hear, examine, discuss, and finally determine the same with their emergencies, dependencies, incidents, annexed and connexed causes and businesses whatsoever, together with all other causes civil and maritime and complaints, contracts, and all and every the other premises whatsoever above respectively expressed, according to the laws and customs aforesaid and by other lawful ways, manners, and means according to the best of your knowledge and ability:
14. And to compel all manner of persons in that behalf, as the case shall require, to answer, with power of any temporal coercion and of any other penalty and mulct, according to the laws and customs aforesaid, in order to do and administer justice, and also to proceed, not observing the regular order of law, or openly and plainly, without judicial technicalities and formalities, looking only into the truth of the fact and thing,228 and to fine, correct, punish, chastise, and reform, imprison and cause and command to be imprisoned in any jails being229 within the Island of Barbados and other places aforesaid and maritime places of the same or to every of them adjacent, the parties guilty and contemners and violators of the law or jurisdiction of our foresaid Lord the King his Admiralty of Barbados and other places aforesaid, usurpers, delinquents, and contumacious absenters, masters of ships, mariners, rowers, fishermen, shipwrights, and other workmen and artificers whatsoever exercising any kind of maritime affairs, as well according to the said civil and maritime laws and the customs and ordinances aforesaid and their demerits as according to the laws and in conformity with the statutes and ordinances of our above-said Lord the King and of his kingdom of England aforesaid in that behalf made and provided and by the power to us in this behalf granted, and to deliver and absolutely discharge and cause and command to be discharged whatsover persons imprisoned in that behalf are to be discharged:
15. And [to preserve and cause to be preserved]230 the public rivers, ports, streams, and fresh waters and creeks whatsoever within the maritime jurisdiction aforesaid, wheresoever they are in the foresaid Island of Barbados and other places aforesaid and maritime parts of the same and to every of them adjacent whatsoever, for the preservation as well of the fleet of his Royal Majesty and of the fleets and vessels of his kingdoms and dominions as of whatsoever fishes increasing in the same rivers and places aforesaid:
16. And also to keep and cause and command to be executed and kept, in the said Island of Barbados and other islands, colonies, and plantations aforesaid and maritime and insular parts of the same and to every of them adjacent whatsoever, the ordinances and statutes whatsoever of our foresaid Lord the King and of his kingdom of England aforesaid in that behalf made and provided, in conformity with and according to the power to us in that behalf granted,231 and to do, exercise, expedite, and execute all and singular other things in the premises and in every of them, as they by right and according to the laws, statutes, and ordinances aforesaid should be done:
17. And moreover to punish, correct, and reform nets too close and other unlawful contrivances or instruments whatsoever for the catching of fishes wheresoever, by sea or public rivers, ports, streams, fresh waters, or creeks, throughout the foresaid Island of Barbados and other places aforesaid and maritime parts of the same or to any of the same adjacent whatsoever, used or exercised by water within the jurisdiction aforesaid wheresoever, and the exercisers or occupiers of them, according to the said statutes and ordinances of our foresaid Lord the King and of his kingdom of England aforesaid to the contrary made and provided, and to pronounce, promulgate, and interpose all manner of sentences and decrees and to put them232 in execution, with cognizance and jurisdiction of whatsoever other causes civil and maritime relate to the sea or in any manner of ways concern or respect the transit or passage of the sea, or naval or maritime voyage, or the maritime jurisdiction abovesaid, or the places or limits of the foresaid Admiralty of our Lord the King aforesaid and233 cognizance aforementioned, and [all] other things whatsoever done or to be done, with power also to proceed in the same according to the civil and maritime laws and the customs received and used in the court aforesaid, as well of mere office, mixed and promoted,234 as at the instance of any party, as the case shall require235 and it shall seem expedient:
18. Also with cognizance and decision concerning wreck of the sea, great or small, and concerning the death, drowning, and view of dead bodies of [all] persons whatsoever, howsoever killed or drowned or to be killed or drowned, or murdered or to be murdered, or in any other manner coming to their death in the sea or public rivers, ports, fresh waters, or creeks whatsoever within the flowing and ebbing of the sea and to high water mark [throughout]236 the foresaid Island of Barbados and other places aforesaid and maritime parts of the same and to any one of them adjacent whatsoever, or elsewhere within the jurisdiction aforesaid, also together with the keeping and preserving of the statutes of this Kingdom of England concerning wreck of the sea and concerning the office of coroner in the third and fourth years of Edward the First, and of the statute concerning goods robbed on the sea, etc., in the twenty-seventh year of Edward the Third, sometime Kings of England, respectively made and provided:237
19. And together with the cognizance of mayhem in the places aforesaid within the jurisdiction and the flowing and ebbing of the sea and water, there happening,238 with power also of punishing [all] delinquents in that kind whomsoever according to the exigency of the law and the custom of our Principal Court of Admiralty aforesaid, and to do, exercise, and execute all and singular the other things which in the premises only and about them shall be necessary or in any way soever fitting, by and according to the laws civil and maritime and the statutes and ordinances aforesaid and the style, manner, and custom of the Principal Court of our foresaid Lord the King his Admiralty of Barbados and of other places aforesaid, and according to the tenor of the letters patent of our foresaid Lord the King to us thereupon granted, so far as they concern the office of Vice-Admiral and not otherwise (of which letters patent a copy is annexed to [these] presents):
20. To you, in whose fidelity and circumspection [and] zeal we confide very much in this behalf, we do commit by [these] presents and grant our place and authority in the said Island of Barbados and in other islands, colonies, and plantations aforesaid and maritime and insular parts of the same and to every of them adjacent whatsoever, and also throughout all and every the shores of the sea, public rivers, ports, streams, fresh waters, creeks, and arms as well of the sea as of rivers, and coasts whatsoever, of the same Island of Barbados and of other places aforesaid and maritime and insular parts of the same and to every of the same adjacent whatsoever, within liberties and franchises and without, with power of deputing and surrogating in your place in the premises one or more others as deputy or deputies as often as shall seem to you fitting, and also with power from time to time of naming, appointing, ordaining, assigning, and constituting whatsoever necessary, fit, and convenient officers and ministers (judge, register, and marshal always excepted) under you for the said office and exercise of the same in the said Island of Barbados and in other places aforesaid and maritime and insular parts of the same and to every of the same adjacent whatsoever, saving always our right of supreme admiralty of the said Island of Barbados and of other islands, colonies, and plantations aforesaid, from which we do not wish in anything to derogate by [these] presents, and saving the right of every one who shall be wronged or grieved by any definitive sentence or interlocutory decree in the Court of Admiralty aforesaid, to appeal to us or our Lieutenant, the Commissary General or Special239 by us constituted or to be constituted:
21. And you, the foresaid William Baron Willoughby, we do by these presents, which are to continue during our good pleasure only, ordain, appoint, and depute our Vice-Admiral, Commissary, and Deputy in the office of Vice-Admiralty in and throughout the whole Island of Barbados and other islands, colonies, and plantations aforesaid and maritime and insular parts of the same and to every of them adjacent whatsoever, and also together with all and every the fees, profits, advantages, emoluments, commodities, and appurtenances whatsoever due and belonging to the same office of
Vice-Admiral, Commissary, or Deputy in the said Island of Barbados and other places aforesaid and maritime and insular parts of the same and to every of them adjacent whatsoever, according to the ordinances and statutes of the said High Court of our Lord the King his Admiralty of England:
22. Always provided, nevertheless, and under this stipulation and condition, that if you, the foresaid William Baron Willoughby, shall not yearly (to wit, at the end of every year between the feasts of Saint Michael the Archangel and All Saints or thereabout and as speedily as by reason of the distance of place and the uncertainty of the sea and winds it may conveniently be done) duly certify and cause to be effectually certified to us or our Lieutenant and our Commissary General or Special, by us appointed or to be appointed, concerning all that which from time to time by virtue of [these] presents you shall do, execute, collect, or receive in the premises or any of the premises, with your full and faithful account thereupon to be made under authentic form and to be sealed with the seal of the office aforesaid remaining in your custody, — from thence and after such default in that kind, our letters patent of the office of Vice-Admiralty to you (as is aforesaid) granted shall be null and void and of no force or effect:
23. Commanding further (on behalf of our Most Serene Lord the King and by his authority to us by his Highness in the premises for the due execution of the same granted) all and singular his governors, justices, mayors, sheriffs, captains, marshals, bailiffs, and keepers of [all] jails and prisons whatsoever of our said Lord the King, or constables and all other his officers and faithful subjects and lieges whomsoever, and every of them, as well within liberties and franchises as without, that, about the execution of the premises and of every of them, they be assiduous, favoring, assisting, submissive and, in such manner as is fitting, obedient in all things to you and to your deputy whomsoever and other officers (by you appointed or to be appointed) of our said Lord the King his Admiralty in the said Island of Barbados and other places aforesaid and maritime and insular parts of the same and to every of them adjacent whatsoever, under pain of contempt of the letters patent of our Lord the King himself and of his Royal Majesty and of the premises all and singular to us by the same letters patent made and granted and under the peril falling thereon.

Given at Whitehall under our seal of Admiralty, representing an anchor, which we use in this behalf, on the 26th day of January in the year of our Lord one thousand, six hundred and sixty-six and in the year of the reign of our Most Serene Lord Charles the Second, by the Grace of God King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc., the eighteenth.

JAMES

By command of his Royal Highness

William Coventry

1 Later Mr. Goodell gave copies of the Commissions of Vice-Admiral.

2 In an Instruction issued to Addington on December 11 it is stated that “His Majesty” has “been Graciously pleased, by his Letters Patents under the Great Seal of England, to Grant unto you the Office and Place of Secretary of their Majesties Province of the Massachusetts Bay in New England” (Public Record Office, Colonial Office, Class 5, Vol. 905, p. 404). Hence Addington’s Commission must have been issued on or before December 11, 1691.

3 Stoughton’s Commission was presumably issued in December, 1691.

4 This Commission of Tailer was presumably issued in the spring or summer of 1711, as he was sworn on October 4th (Council Records, v. 456).

5 The exact date of this Commission has been obtained from the Council Records (vi. 379) for September 24, 1715.

6 Dummer’s Commission was presumably issued in the spring or summer of 1716, as he was sworn on October 5th (Boston News Letter, October 8, 1716, p. 2/1).

7 The Commission of Burges (1715).

8 These two volumes, it may be added, contain many documents besides Royal Commissions. The volume labelled “Crown Commissions, 1677–1774” has no index. The volume labelled “Crown Commissions, 1628–1663” has an index, doubtless made many years ago, but this index is worthless since it wrongly describes some of the documents and omits others altogether. Consequently, in order to ascertain exactly what documents are in the two volumes, the latter must be examined page by page. Moreover, the documents in the two volumes are not included in the Index volumes to the Archives. Hence an adequate index to the two volumes would be serviceable.

9 As already stated in the text, however, copies of two earlier Commissions (1685 and 1686) are in the Massachusetts Archives, cxxvi. 95–96, 7–16.

10 Council Records, iii. 325.

11 Council Records, ix. 83.

12 There are two pieces of evidence to support the statement in the text. First, the words “Old volume 3” are written in ink on the recto of the first leaf, unnumbered and otherwise blank, of the volume labelled “Crown Commissions, 1677–1774.” That volume contains, besides the leaf just mentioned, two leaves unnumbered and blank; seventy-nine leaves containing records, the folios numbered from 1 to 158; and then forty-nine unnumbered and blank leaves.

Second, on pp. 45–48 of the volume labelled “Crown Commissions, 1628–1663” is recorded the “Commission of William Burnet &c Commissioners for the trial of Pirates,” dated December 13, 1728. After the Commission is written (on p. 48) “Examined p^r J Willard Se͞c͞r͞y,” the words “J Willard Se͞c͞r͞y” being in the hand of Willard himself. Then follow these words, not in the hand of Willard: “Recorded in the Secretary’s Office in Boston in the Book of Commissions &c^a from the Crown, from Page 297, to Page 303. — ꝑ J Willard Sec̄ry Dec^r 23. 1729.” This “Book of Commissions &c^a from the Crown,” which must have been in existence in 1729, is not now extant. Following the entry dated December 23, 1729, are these entries:

Recorded the 6^th of October 1738 ꝑ Ja^s Martin Sec͞ry

The fifteen preceeding Pages make a true Copy of his Majesty’s Commission for the Trial of Pirates &c. as the Same stands on the Publick Records of the English Colony of Rhode Island &c. taken therefrom & duly Examined this first day of April 1748 By Tho Ward Sec͞ry.”

It is obvious, therefore, that this Commission of December 13, 1728, was not entered in “Crown Commissions, 1628–1663” before April, 1748. Cf. the note immediately below.

13 The fire of 1747 occurred on the morning of December 9. The same afternoon a committee was appointed in the Legislature to consider what should be done with regard to the loss of documents, and on the 11th —

Josiah Willard Esq^r from the Committee of both Houses appointed to consider the Circumstances of the Province in relation to the Desolation of the Court House, gave in the following report, viz^t

The Committee . . . Report as their Opinion . . . That the Secretary record in his Office the first or old Charter of this Province & the Charter of King William & Queen Mary with the Commissions of the Governour, Lieu^t Governour Justices of the Superiour Court & his own (Court Records, xviii. 275–276).

Now the first forty-five pages of “Crown Commissions, 1628–1663” contain, in the order named, the Colony Charter (1629), the Province Charter (1691), the Explanatory Charter (1725), Secretary Willard’s First (1717) and Second (1728) Commissions, Lieutenant-Governor Phips’s Commission (1732), and Shirley’s Commissions (1741) as Governor and as Vice-Admiral. All these, with the exception of the last two, are in the hand of Willard, and even the last two are attested by Willard. The inference is irresistible that this particular volume, which in no event could have been begun later than 1756 (in which year Willard died), must have been begun soon after the fire of 1747 in response to the report of the committee made December 11, 1747. The three Charters were saved and so could be copied, while the Commissions were doubtless in the possession of the three officials and not in the Town House. Cf. p. xviii note 4, ante. It may be added that on December 11, 1747, the house “Voted, That his Excellency the Governour be desired . . . to appoint a Day of Humiliation and Prayer throughout this Province . . . on Occasion of the great Difficulties the Province Labours under, and the Frowns of Divine Providence, more especially in Regard of the Destruction of the Court-House in Boston, and great Part of the publick Records by Fire” (House Journal, p. 186). Whoever has had occasion to search in vain for documents that must once have been in the State House realizes how fearful was the loss occasioned by the fire of 1747.

14 None of the Commissions in Vice-Admiralty previous to 1741 are in the State House, and consequently those from 1685 to 1730 are printed from copies obtained from the Royal Courts of Justice. The Commissions from 1741 to 1774 are in the State House and are here printed from copies obtained from that source. But copies of these Commissions are also in the Royal Courts of Justice, Admiralty Registry, Muniment Books, the references being as follows: Shirley (1741), Vol. 8, p. 182; Pownall (1757), Vol. 9, p. 114; Bernard (1760), Vol. 9, p. 127; Bernard (1761), Vol. 9, p. 139; Hutchinson (1771), Vol. 10, p. 128; Gage (1774), Vol. 10, p. 155.

15 The figures within parentheses, here and elsewhere in these extracts, of course refer to the twelve stages mentioned in the text, pp. xxi–xxii.

16 Second Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records, London, 1841, pp. 26–27, 28, 30, 32–33, 40, 41.

17 Ibid. pp. 41, 43, 44, 46.

18 Statutes at Large (1734), vi. 307. The Act of 4 George II, Ch. 26, was in 1733 extended to Wales by the Act of 6 George II, Ch. 14 (Statutes at Large, vi. 485).

19 For this information, the Editor is indebted to Miss Lucy Drucker.

20 Some Notes on the Commissions are in preparation and will be printed in a later volume of Publications.

21 All dates in the Preface, in these Lists, and in the Index, are New Style.

22 This date is approximate: see p, xvi note 2, ante.

23 His Commission is not extant.

24 This date is approximate: see p. xvi note 1, ante.

25 His Commission is not extant.

26 The exact date of this Commission is not known: see p. xvii note 1, ante.

27 His Commission is not extant.

28 His Commission is not extant: see p. xvii note 2, ante.

29 The exact date or this Commission is not known: see p. xvii note 3, ante.

30 His Commission is not extant.

31 His Commission is not extant.

32 This date is approximate: see p. xvi note 1, ante.

33 His Commission of 1716 is not extant.

34 The exact date of this Commission is not known: see p. xvii note 3, ante.

35 His Commission is not extant.

36 This date is approximate: see p. xvi note 2, ante.

37 His Commissions of 1711 and 1715 are not extant.

38 The exact date of this Commission is not known: see p. xvii note 1, ante.

39 This List is based on data obtained from the Council Records, the Court Records, the Massachusetts House Journals, the Boston newspapers, and other contemporary sources.

40 Stoughton held this office not by Royal commission, but by appointment from President Dudley.

41 The Andros government was overthrown on April 18, 1689.

42 The Andros government was overthrown on April 18, 1689.

43 The Andros government was overthrown on April 18, 1689.

44 The names or Acting-Governors are printed in italics, as is also the Council when the government devolved upon the latter.

45 Stoughton died July 7, 1701.

46 Burges never came to this country.

47 Burnet died September 7, 1729.

48 Spencer Phips died April 4, 1757.

49 The outbreak or the Revolution makes it impossible to say exactly when Gage, Thomas Oliver, and Flucker left office.

50 This date is approximate: see p. xvi note 2, ante.

51 Stoughton died July 7, 1701.

52 This date is approximate.

53 The exact date of this Commission is not known: see p. xvii note 1, ante.

54 The exact date of this Commission is not known: see p. xvii note 3, ante.

55 Tailer died March 1, 1732.

56 Spencer Phips died April 4, 1757.

57 Andrew Oliver died March 3, 1774.

58 See p. xxxiv note 6, ante.

59 This date is approximate: see p. xvi note 1, ante.

60 Addington died March 19, 1715. On March 26, 1715, Gov. Dudley appointed Addington Davenport and Paul Dudley to keep the Seals.

61 This date is approximate.

62 Willard died December 7, 1756.

63 Andrew Oliver was appointed Secretary by Lt.-Gov. Phips on December 13 and took office December 15, 1756. He was sworn under his Royal Commission June 1, 1758.

64 See p. xxxiv note 6, ante.

65 See Province Laws, i. 753, footnote †, respecting the change in enumerating the Year occasioned by the death of Queen Mary which occurred 28 December, 1694.

66 Sic.

67 These words occur in the printed copies, but are not in the original. See also Colony Charter.

68 Omitted in the original.

69 Sic.

70 Sic.

71 Sic.

72 Liberties.

73 Narragansett.

74 Sic.

75 Sic.

76 In printed copies this is “the,” but the omission in the original seems better supplied as above.

77 Sic.

78 Sic in the original, but “for” in the printed copies.

79 profession.

80 Sic.

81 Sic.

82 rejected.

83 Sir John Trevor, Sir William Rawlinson, and Sir George Hutchins were appointed Lords Commissioners of the Great Seal, 15 May, 1690; and were succeeded by Lord Somers as Chancellor, 3 May, 1693.

84 This heading, as throughout the volume, is not a part of the Commission, having been inserted for convenience by the Editor. A short rule always separates the heading from the Commission.

85 Sic.

86 Sic.

87 Sic.

88 Sic.

89 Sic.

90 Sic: our high.

91 Sic: settle.

92 The copy of Dudley’s Commission as President recorded in the Public Record Office, Colonial Office, Class 5, Vol. 904, pp. 252–258, bears date 27 September; but the copy on the Patent Roll bears date 8 October: see p. 43, ante.

93 In the Commissions of which there are copies both in the Public Record Office in London and in the office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, words and letters in brackets are such as appear in the Record Office copies, but not in the copies in the Secretary’s office; and words in brackets, italicized, occur in the copies in the Secretary’s office, but not in the copies in the Record Office. Trivial differences — such as the use of the ampersand, punctuation, initial capital letters, and spelling (as “Massachusetts” or “Massachusets,” “mere” or “meer,” “tried” or “tryed,” “shore” or “shoar,” “well beloved” or “welbeloved,” “Lieutenant” or “Lieu^t,” “territories” or “territorys,” etc.) — are not noted.

94 Sic: on.

95 Sic: any.

96 Sic.

97 Sic: and grant.

98 Sic: the same.

99 Sic: by you.

100 Sic.

101 Sic.

102 Dudley’s Commission of 13 February, 1701–2, of which a copy came too late for insertion in its proper place, will be found in the Appendix, pp. 391–396, post.

103 The final “e” or “æ” is omitted for lack of space on the parchment.

104 This paragraph is in the Exemplification, but not in the copy in the Patent Roll.

105 These words are in the copy in the Patent Roll, but not in the Exemplification.

106 What follows is found in the Exemplification only.

107 This Exemplification, which was given to the Massachusetts Historical Society about 1810, is the only document of the sort (among the Commissions printed in this volume) that is now known to be extant. It is engrossed on three sheets of parchment (the initial letter containing a representation of George I), and appending is the Great Seal of England (now broken).

108 The differences between the Exemplification and the copy in the Patent Roll are noted in footnotes.

109 Sic: further Pleasure.

110 Sic.

111 Sic: if it.

112 Sic: same or.

113 Sic.

114 Sic: the Third.

115 Sic.

116 Sic.

117 Sic: Province.

118 Sic: which shall.

119 Sic: to.

120 See footnote, p. 56, ante.

121 Sic.

122 See footnote, p. 56, ante.

123 Gov. Bernard was created a Baronet 5 April, 1760.

124 See footnote, p. 56, ante.

125 See footnote, p. 56, ante.

126 See footnote, p. 56, ante.

127 Doubtless a clerical error for “twenty eighth:” see p. 173, ante.

128 See footnote, p. 56, ante.

129 In our texts of Latin documents, abbreviations are expanded in italics, and letters omitted without marks of abbreviation are placed within square brackets.

130 Sic: Portorico.

131 Sic: per.

132 Sic: eorum.

133 Sic: eorum.

134 Sic: eorum.

135 Sic: assistentium.

136 Sic: repertis.

137 Sic: Forisfactis.

138 Sic: Poenis.

139 Sic: ad.

140 Sic: commissa.

141 Sic: eorum.

142 Sic: dependentibus.

143 Sic: Potestate.

144 Sic: eorum.

145 Sic: earundem.

146 Sic: eorum.

147 Sic: eorum.

148 Sic: eaque.

149 Sic: et.

150 Sic: exiget.

151 Sic: eorundem et eorum.

152 Sic: provisorum.

153 Sic: earundem et earum.

154 Sic: eorundem et eorum.

155 Sic: eorundem et eorum.

156 A translation of this Commission will be found in the Appendix, pp. 357–368, post.

157 Sic: quadraginta.

158 “Lord” omitted by mistake.

159 See pp. 187–198, ante. A translation of this Commission will be found in. the Appendix, p. 369, post.

160 See pp. 187–198, ante.

161 Sic: quadraginta.

162 Sic: but the letters doubtless belong to the next entry.

163 See pp. 187–198, ante. A translation of this Commission will be found in the Appendix, pp. 370–371, post.

164 Sic: observata.

165 Sic: exigendam.

166 Sic: positorum sive poneudorum.

167 Sic: flumiua.

168 Sic: crassitudinem.

169 Sic: nostra.

170 Sic: nostra.

171 Sic: nostra.

172 Sic: contingente.

173 Sic: nostra.

174 Sic: duraturas.

175 Sic: receperis.

176 A translation of this Commission will be found in the Appendix, pp. 372–380, post.

177 The Commission of Sir William Beeston, Governor of Jamaica, dated 15 September, 1692, is entered in Royal Courts of Justice, Admiralty Registry, Muniment Books, Vol. 4, p. 98. It is identical with that of Sir William Phips (pp. 206–215, ante) except as regards the names and date and that against the words “(Judice Registrario et Mariscallo exceptis)” (p. 213, ante) there is written in the margin “This clause was by order of Sir Ch. Hedges y^e Judge left out in this patent.”

178 This Commission and the five following Commissions were not enrolled in full, the Commissions to Beeston, Crow, etc., mentioned therein having numbers put in to correspond with the numbers in the margin to show where the differences lay. This was a common practice in these Admiralty Muniment Books to save time in enrolling.

179 The Commission of Mitford Crow, Governor of Barbados, dated 26 February, 1701–2, is entered in Royal Courts of Justice, Admiralty Registry, Muniment Books, Vol. 5, p. 58. It is identical with that of Sir William Phips (pp. 206–215, ante) except as regards names and date, and as follows: The words “(Judice Registrario et Mariscallo exceptis)” (p. 213, ante) do not appear, nor is there any note about them. Also, at the end, where Phips’s Commission reads “decet sub pena Juris et periculo incumbenti” (p. 215, ante), Crow’s Commission reads “decet sub poena contemptua Literarum patentium ipsius Regiae Majestatis de et super premissis omnibus et singulis Nobis factarum et concessarum et periculo incumbente Datum” etc. And at the end is this note:

This I approve of as a standing forme of a vice Admirall’s Patent for the Forreigne Plantations.

Feb. 23 1701–2	HEN: NEWTON.
19° Feb. 1701°	Jurat sub valore 50^ɫ ꝑ annum

180 The Commission of Robert Lowther, Governor of Barbados, dated 12 February, 1714–5, is entered in Royal Courts of Justice, Admiralty Registry, Muniment Books, Vol. 6, p. 161^b, and is identical with that of Sir William Phips (pp. 206–215, ante) except as regards the names and date and that the words “(Judice Registrario et Mariscallo exceptis)” (p. 213 ante) do not appear, nor is there any note about them.

181 See the note to Elizeus Burges’s Commission, page 225, ante.

182 The Commission of Robert Hunter, Governor of Jamaica, dated 11 September, 1727, is entered in Royal Courts of Justice, Admiralty Registry, Muniment Books, Vol. 7, p. 120, and is identical with that of Sir William Phips (pp. 206–215, ante) except as regards names and date and that the words “(Judice Registrario et Mariscallo exceptis)” (p. 213, ante) do not appear, nor is there any note about them.

183 The Commission of George, Lord Forbes, Governor of the Leeward Islands, dated 8 January, 1729–30, is entered in Royal Courts of Justice, Admiralty Registry, Muniment Books, Vol. 8, p. 10^b, and is identical with that of Sir William Phips (pp. 206–215, ante) except as regards names and date and that the words “(Judice Registrario et Mariscallo exceptis)” (p. 213, ante) do not appear, nor is there any note about them.

184 Sic: Rowers.

185 Sic.

186 Sic: wont.

187 Sic: forfeitures.

188 Sic.

189 Sic.

190 Sic.

191 Sic: Treasures.

192 See pp. 257–266 ante.

193 Sic.

194 Sic: artificers.

195 Sic: our.

196 Sic.

197 Sic: Sentence.

198 Dummer’s First commission (1716) is not know to be extant.

199 Tailer’s First Commission (1711) and his Second Commission (28 April, 1715) are not known to be extant.

200 See footnote, p. 56, ante.

201 See footnote, p. 56, ante.

202 See footnote, p. 56, ante.

203 Sic.

204 See footnote, P. 56, ante.

205 See footnote, p. 56, ante.

206 See footnote, P. 56, ante.

207 Sic: to be.

208 See footnote, p. 56, ante.

209 See footnote, P. 50, ante.

210 Sic: New England.

211 The late Mr. R. E. G. Kirk of London, to whom we were indebted for collating our copy of this Commission with the Patent Roll, stated that this enrolment is a transcript from the original letters patent, which may still be extant, perhaps in the Registry of the Bishop of London. As usual in enrolments, the first and last clauses are abbreviated. The letters patent no doubt began thus: “Georgius, Dei gratia Rex Magne Britannie,” etc.; and ended thus:

In cuius rei testimonium presentes has literas nostras fieri fecimus patentes. Teste meipso, apud Westmonasterium, nono die Februarij, anno regni nostri terciodecimo.

With respect to this Commission, see the Publications of this Society, v. 112–115, where will be found an English translation of a part of the Commission and a letter from Mr. Goodell relating to it. A translation of the Commission in full will be found in the Appendix to this volume, pp. 381–385, post. This Commission was revoked and a new Commission, which follows, was issued to Gibson by George II on 29 April, 1728.

212 Mr. Kirk, who furnished us with a copy of this Commission from the Patent Roll, stated that in the printed copy “ꝑtiñ ꝑagenđ” are said to be inserted in the original, “as it seems by mistake of the clerk.”

213 Mr. Kirk stated that the original, in Colonial Office, Class 323, Volume 9, No. 10, begins thus: “Georgius Secundus, Dei gratia Magnæ Britanniæ, Franciæ, et Hiberniæ, Rex, fidei defensor, &c. Reverendo,” etc.; and ends thus:

In cujus rei Testimonium, has literas nostras fieri fecimus patentes. Teste meipso apud Westmonasterium, vicesimo nono die Aprilis, Anno Regni nostri primo. Per Bre’ de Privato Sigillo. Bisse & Bray.

It should be added that this Commission is printed, both in Latin and in English, in Documents relative to the Colonial History of the State of New York, v. 849–854. A translation will be found in the Appendix to this volume, pp. 386–390, post.

214 The translation of the Latin Commissions of Vice-Admirals (pp. 187–236, ante) has been made with constant reference to the English phraseology of William Shirley’s Commission (pp. 237–246, ante), and of the Commission of Hans Stanley as Vice-Admiral in the Isle of Wight in 1765 (as printed in Sir Sherston Baker, The Office of Vice-Admiral of the Coast, 1884, pp. 51–63).

215 The Latin text of this Commission will be found on pp. 187–198, ante.

216 Or Binney, as Benin was then sometimes called. See Rymer’s Fœdera, xix. 370. The Latin text (p. 187, ante) has Binniœ.

217 The Latin text (p. 188, l. 26, ante) has vel, but we should certainly read per (“throughout”). See Andros’s Second Commission, p. 204, l. 23, ante, and cf. Rymer’s Fœdera, xv. 158, 194.

218 Here ubicunque should doubtless be inserted in the Latin text (p. 188, l. 31, ante). See Phips’s Commission, p. 207, l. 2, ante.

219 The Latin text (p. 189, l. 29, ante) erroneously omits quœ. See Phips’s Commission, p. 207, l. 29, ante.

220 The Latin text (p. 190, l. 22, ante) has existentium by error for assistentium. See Phips’s Commission, p. 208, l. 22, ante.

221 The Latin text (p. 190, l. 30, ante) has reportis by error for repertis. See Phips’s Commission, p. 208, l. 30, ante.

222 An old word for “whale.”

223 The Latin text (p. 191, l. 23, ante) has forisfacturis by error for forisfactis. See Phips’s Commission, p. 209, l. 18, ante.

224 Made agrees with letters, above.

225 Here the Latin text (p. 192, l. 6, ante) has Ac and begins a new paragraph. The ms is unreadable as printed. The scrivener or copying clerk did not heed or understand the sense. The emendation ad is certain (see the formula in Rymer’s Fœdera, xv. 195). The connection is: “appointed or to be appointed . . . for hearing and determining . . . all and singular the treasons,” etc.

226 These participles and adjectives belong grammatically to “amercements, issues, fines, perquisites, mulcts, and pecuniary punishments whatsoever and forfeitures of [all] recognizances” in lines 26–28, p. 361, ante.

227 I. e., the premises.

228 The Latin text (pp. 192–193, ante) is somewhat corrupt here. For a better reading, see Phips’s Commission (p. 211, ante; with translation, p. 376, post, and the footnote).

229 The Latin text (p. 194, l. 3, ante) erroneously omits “being” (existentibus) here and adds “and being” (ac existentia) to “adjacent” (adjacentia). Compare Phips’s Commission, p 211, l. 11, ante.

230 See p. 377 note 1.

231 Literally “made” (factam) (p. 194, l. 17, ante).

232 The Latin text (p. 195, l. 2, ante) has eosque by error for eaque. See Phips’s Commission, p. 212, l. 9, ante.

233 The Latin text (p. 195, l. 8, ante) has ad (“to or for”) by error for et (“and”). See Phips’s Commission, p. 212, l. 14, ante.

234 See p. 378 note 1.

235 The Latin text (p. 195, l. 14, ante) has exigit (“requires”) doubtless by error for exiget (“shall require”). See Phips’s Commission, p. 212, l. 20, ante.

236 Per is accidently omitted in the Latin text (p. 195, l. 20, ante). Cf. p. 358 note 1, ante.

237 Grammar requires editorum et provisorum for the edits, et provisa of the Latin text (p. 195, l. 30, ante.) The sense is beyond question.

238 Happening belongs to mayhem.

239 See p. 379 note 2.

240 The Latin text of this Commission will be found on pp. 199–200, ante.

241 The Latin text (p. 200, l. 1, ante) has quadrigenos (“four hundred”), an error for quadraginta (“forty”). The same error occurs in Andros’s Second Commission, p. 204, l. 4, ante.

242 The Latin text of this Commission will be found on pp. 203–205, ante.

243 The Latin text (p. 204, l. 4, ante) has quadrigenis (“four hundred”), a manifest error for quadraginta (“forty”). Cf. Dudley’s Commission, p. 200, l. 1, ante.

244 The Latin text of this Commission will be found on pp. 206–215, ante.

245 The Latin text (p. 208, ante) omits aut.

246 The words here translated by “to be heard and determined, assigned or to be assigned” (audiendis et terminanais assignatis seu assignandis, p. 209, ll. 33–34, ante), are an erroneous adaptation by the scrivener of a formula belonging to a provision not contained in Phips’s Commission (see pp. 192, 209, ante). They may be disregarded. The participles that follow (“happening,” etc.) belong to “amercements, issues,” etc., in l. 14, above.

247 I. e., the premises.

248 The words translated thus (“to proceed . . . thing”) refer to summary process. The Latin (p. 211, ll. 1–2, ante) is “velo levato sine strepitu et figura judicii sola facti et rei veritate inspecta procedendum.” Velo levato is a formula of the civil law meaning “openly and plainly” (literally, “the curtain being raised”). Strepitus judicialis (or judicii) and figura judicii are practically synonymous phrases for “formalities or technicalities in procedure.” An English commission for the trial of pirates (May 29, 1519) authorizes the court to proceed “summariè et de piano sine strepitu et forma seu figura Judicii ac solâ Facti Veritate inspectâ” (Rymer’s Fœdera, 2d edition, xiii. 700), these phrases occurring in a treaty of 1518 between England and France which had for its object the execution of summary justice in such cases, with avoidance of vexatious appeals and dilatory motions (Fœdera, xiii. 650). See Ducange, s. vv. velum, strepitus, figura, planum; Fœdera, xv. 161, 197; R. G. Marsden, Select Pleas in the Court of Admiralty, vol. i. p. lvi (Selden Society Publications, vi).

249 The words translated thus (“to proceed . . . thing”) refer to summary process. The Latin (p. 211, ll. 1–2, ante) is “velo levato sine strepitu et figura judicii sola facti et rei veritate inspecta procedendum.” Velo levato is a formula of the civil law meaning “openly and plainly” (literally, “the curtain being raised”). Strepitus judicialis (or judicii) and figura judicii are practically synonymous phrases for “formalities or technicalities in procedure.” An English commission for the trial of pirates (May 29, 1519) authorizes the court to proceed “summariè et de piano sine strepitu et forma seu figura Judicii ac solâ Facti Veritate inspectâ” (Rymer’s Fœdera, 2d edition, xiii. 700), these phrases occurring in a treaty of 1518 between England and France which had for its object the execution of summary justice in such cases, with avoidance of vexatious appeals and dilatory motions (Fœdera, xiii. 650). See Ducange, s. vv. velum, strepitus, figura, planum; Fœdera, xv. 161, 197; R. G. Marsden, Select Pleas in the Court of Admiralty, vol. i. p. lvi (Selden Society Publications, vi).

250 The words in brackets are not omitted in the Latin by accident; they are involved in the Latin conservandum et exequi et conservari faciendum (p. 211, l. 27, ante).

251 The Latin text (p. 211, l. 21, ante) has “as” (quam).

252 Of course per Transitum is to be read as one word (pertransitum), as in Willoughby’s Commission, p. 195, l. 5, ante.

253 “Mere office, i. e., inquisition. Office promoted, i. e., accusation.” (Sir Sherston Baker, The Office of the Vice-Admiral of the Coast, p. 83 note.)

254 Happening belongs to mayhem.

255 So the MS.

256 The Latin text (p. 214, l. 13, ante) has duraturum by error for duraturas.

257 All these titles belong to one and the same person.

258 The Latin text of this Commission will be found on pp. 341–347, ante.

259 That is, Chief Justice of the King’s Bench.

260 The Latin text of this Commission will be found on pp. 348–353, ante.

261 Sic.