INDEX
Places are in Massachusetts unless otherwise stated
Names of vessels are grouped under the heading Ships
Abbot, George Maurice, gives information concerning the Library Company of Philadelphia, 234
—— John, town clerk of Westford, 110 n
Aberdeen University, confers degrees on Harvard graduates, 210 n; on “Rev. Mr. Mather” and S. Langdon, 219
Absenteeism of land owners, in Massachusetts, 69
Act, academic sense of the word, 318 n
Adams, John, President, 66, 67; toasts in honor of, 64, 66
—— John Quiney, President, son of President John, his characterization of R. Williams, 145; active in petitioning for private Commencement at Harvard College, 1787, 364
—— Nathaniel, uncle of Rev. William (H. C. 1671), 325 n
—— Rev. William (H. C. 1671), quoted, on his admission to Harvard College, his degrees, etc., 325, 325 n, 326, 326 n; on date of printing Theses for Commencement, 1671, 328 n
Adams, Turnverein Vorwarts of, 396
Addington, Sec. Isaac, 330, 330 n
Addison, William Innes, 213
Ainsworth, Rev. Henry (d c 1623), 136
Albany, N. Y., a fur trading post, 161
Albany Congress, discusses fur trade, 169
Alden, John (d 1687), 151; not with Pilgrims at Leyden, 137
—— Priscilla (Mullins), wife of John, 137
Alden Kindred of America, Incorporated, Boston, 398
Alexander, an Indian, 247 n
—— Sir William, Earl of Stirling, member of Canada Company, 164; rights of, on Long Island, 183 n
Alexandria, Va., races at, attended by Washington family and slaves, 51, 52
—— Jockey Club, 51
—— Lomax’s, 53
—— Wise’s Tavern, 30
Algonquin myth, 129
Alien and Sedition Acts, 66, 66 n
Allerton, Isaac, 149; not at Scrooby, 134; with Pilgrims in Holland, 137
—— John, not with Pilgrims at Leyden, 137
Allton, William, 303
Almanacs, unreliability of, for dating future events, 316, 316 n, 328
Ambrose, Rev. Joshua (H. C. 1653), receives degree from Oxford University, 210 n
America, treaty of James II and Louis XIV, concerning rights in, 71–76
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 97; owns copy of Condorcet’s Éloge of Franklin, 2, 2 n
American Antiquarian Society, v; documents owned by, 80, 104 n, 107 n, 109 n, 112 n, 113 n, 328, 329, 330 n, 407, 409, 410, 413, 414, 416; acknowledgment to, 314 n
American Englishman, pseudonym of S. Mather, 226
American Flag League, Boston, 404
American Historical Association, meeting of, 103
American Political Society, formation of, 113 n
American Society, Boston, 403
Amherst Historical Society, 390
Amsterdam, Holland, gives refuge to the English Separatists, 135
Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, Boston, annual election of, 58
Anderson, Peter John, 213, 217; information from, regarding S. Mather’s degree from Aberdeen University, 219
Andover Historical Society, 394
Andover Theological Seminary, founding of, 78
Andrew, Rev. Samuel (H. C. 1675), 329; appointed Proctor for Commencement week, 334
Andrews, Charles McLean, L. H. D., 99; elected Corresponding Member, 27; accepts, 69; and Frances Gardiner Davenport, their Guide to Manuscript Material in British Museum, a source of information concerning Dighton Rock, 277, 277 n, 282, 283
—— John, quoted, on the Solemn League and Covenant, 117
Andros, Gov. Sir Edmund, 74; appoints first S. Lee, later W. Hubbard, to preside at Harvard Commencement, 1688, 371; order appointing Hubbard, 372; directs that Rev. R. Ratcliffe sit in the pulpit at Commencement, 1687, 376
Anne, Queen of England, 341 n
Anniversary Week, Election Week serves as, for many organizations, 58, 59 n; Dr. Holmes’s poem suggested by, 59 n
Appleton, Margaret. See Holyoke
—— Rev. Nathaniel (H. C. 1712), 353, 369 n
Arminians, in Leyden, Rev. J. Robinson’s relations with, 138
Artillery Election, 58
Ashland Historical Society, 393
Ashurst, Sir Henry, 256
Aspinwall, William, commands trading expedition to the Delaware, 174–175; sketch of, 174 n
Assonet, meaning of the name, 241, 241 n
Assonet Neck, 289 n; known to colonists as early as 1643, 242; ownership and use of, by Indians, 237, 243–248; seizure and sale of, by Plymouth Colony, 248; deed of sale, 249, 249 n; later history of, 252 n
Assonet River, 289 n
Assonet Rock. See Dighton Rock
Atkins, Dudley. See Tyng, Dudley Atkins
Atkinson, Luke, 169
Attleboro Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, 402
Attucks, Crispus, 199
Aurelius Prudentius, Americanus, supposed pseudonym of S. Mather, 226
Aurora borealis, remarks of Franklin on, 11
Author, former use of the word, 338 n
Avery, Joseph, 22, 23; agreement of, to publish Morton’s Memorial, 21; this agreement not carried out, 23, 24
Ayscough, Samuel, his Catalogue of the Manuscripts preserved in the British Museum, a source of information concerning Dighton Rock, 276, 276 n, 282
Bacon-foster, Corra, 30 n
Baldwin, Loammi (d 1807), 361
Ballard, William (H. C. 1799), 309 n
Banished Indians, name applied to a place near Taunton, 245, 247 n
Banks, Dr. Charles Edward, 166 n
Baring, Henry, 79
Barnard, Rev. John, 221 n
Barnes, John, guest of Washington, 32, 33
Barrett, John, 359 n
Bartlett, John Russell, his drawing of the inscription of Dighton Rock, 258 n
—— Dr. Josiah, 365 n
—— Robert, Society of the Descendants of, Plymouth, 402
Bartol, Dr. John Washburn, 102
Bassett, Col. Burwell (d 1793), 29 n; guest of Washington, 47, 48, 49
—— Burwell, son of Col. Burwell, guest of Washington, 47, 48, 49
—— Frances, daughter of Col. Burwell. See Washington
Bates Association, Incorporated, Boston, 404
Bath, Marquis of. See Thynne, Thomas
Baxter, James Phinney, Litt.D., 251 n, 253, 283; refers to account of Dighton Rock, 250, 251, 275, 277, 295; his error in placing it in the Sloane Manuscripts, 277, 278, 282
Bayley, Isaac, 361 n
Baylies, Francis, quoted, on Indian claims near Taunton, 244 n
Bay State Historical League, 397
Beaconsfield, Earl of. See D’Israeli, Benjamin
Bean, John, Association of America, Boston, 401
Bedford Historical Society, 387
Beer, Eduard Friedrich Ferdinand, deciphers Sinaitic inscriptions, 269 n
Behinde Noon, a place, 247 n
Belcher, Gov. Jonathan, 210, 211; requests degrees from Glasgow University for Rev. B. Colman and Rev. J. Sewall, 213–214; extract from letter of, 212 n; attends Harvard Commencement, 341 n
—— Jonathan (H. C. 1728), son of Gov. Jonathan, 212
Belchertown Historical Association, 395
Belknap, Rev. Jeremy, 252 n; protests against the Solemn League and Covenant, 1774, 119 n; extract from letter of Rev. J. Eliot to, 363 n
Bellingham, Gov. Richard, Overseer of Harvard College, 320 n, 321 n
Bemis Memorial Park Association, Spencer, 396
Bennet, Henry, Earl of Arlington, 70
—— Richard, requests ministers from New England for the Old Dominion, 319
Berkeley, Anne, wife of George, Bishop of Cloyne, quoted, on her husband’s travels in America, 269
—— George, Bishop of Cloyne, 240; belief of, concerning Dighton Rock, 241; visits the Rock, 266; various accounts of his visit, 267–271; extent of his travels in America, 269, 269 n; date of his visit to the Rock, 271; of his sailing for England, 271 n; pronunciation of his name, 271 n; accompanied to New England by J. Smibert, 274
Bernal, Ralph, 79
Bethune, Nathaniel, 359 n
Bibliography, American, state of, 220
Bigelow, John (d 1911), reference to his Life of Franklin, 4, 5; quoted, on Mesmer, 5
—— Timothy, 113 n; member of Worcester Committee of Correspondence, 113
Bigelow, Colonel Timothy, Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Worcester, 405
Biggar, Henry Percival, 164 n
Billerica, Shedd Family of America, 406
Bishop, Dr. Cortlandt Felt, error of, pointed out, 56 n
—— Rev. John, quotation from, bearing on date of Harvard Commencement, 1682, 328 n
Blessington, Marguerite (Power) Gardiner, Countess of, call upon, described by A. Brooks, 79
Boardman, Andrew (d 1747), Steward of Harvard College, throat distemper in family of, 343, 343 n
Bogdani, William (d 1771), submits to the Society of Antiquaries a letter of I. Greenwood concerning Dighton Rock, 276, 282, 293, 294
Boone, Nicholas, 23
Boston, Alden Kindred of America, Incorporated, 398
—— American Flag League, 404
—— American Society, 403
—— Bates Association, Incorporated, 404
—— Candia Club, 401
—— Castle William, S. Mather chaplain of, 211, 212, 212 n
—— Committee of Correspondence, recites grievances against Great Britain and invites subscriptions to the Solemn League and Covenant, 104–106; incurs opposition, 112, 116; issues conciliatory letter, 112
—— Concert Hall, reference to gathering held in, 64 n
—— Exchange Building, stands on Gov. Winthrop estate, 76
—— First Church, correspondence of, with Spain Lane Unitarian Chapel, Boston, England, 14; covenant of, 152
—— German-American Alliance, 401
—— Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England, a quasi-historical society, 398
—— Greek-American Club of, 405
—— Hebrew Institute, 404
—— John Bean Association of America, 401
—— John White Association, 406
—— Lincoln Gettysburg Memorial Association, 405
—— Linsey Family Association of America, 403
—— Lovewell’s Fight Memorial Association, 397
—— Massachusetts Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, 399
—— New England History Teachers’ Association, 403
—— North (or Old North) Church, 407; settles S. Mather, 212 n
—— Old South Historical Society, 389
—— Parker Family Association of America, 396
—— Paul Revere Memorial Association, 399
—— Randall Historical Association of America, 400
—— Reade Society, 405
—— Roger Conant Family, a quasi-historical society, 404
—— Scottish Historical Society of North America, 403
—— Ship Tavern, 83
—— Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities, 402
—— Sons and Daughters of Kittery, Incorporated, 406
—— State of Maine Club, 398
—— Stetson Kindred of America, Incorporated, 398
—— Tower Genealogical Society, 401
—— Unitarian Historical Society, 388
—— Vermont Association of, 398
—— Western Club of, 399
—— Wing Family of America, Incorporated, 397
Boston, Eng., Spain Lane Unitarian Chapel, correspondence of, with the First Church, Boston, Mass., 14
Boston Port Bill, passage of, 103, 103 n; effort to secure revocation of, by the Solemn League and Covenant, 1774, 104–114, 119. See also Solemn League and Covenant
Bowdoin, Elizabeth (Erving), wife of Gov. James, 157, 158 n
Bowes, Dorcas (Champney), wife of Nicholas, 225 n
—— Lucy (Hancock), wife of Rev. Nicholas, 225 n
—— Nicholas, father of Rev. Nicholas, 225 n
—— Rev. Nicholas, W. Cushing’s error in believing Constant Rock-man to be, 225 n
—— Nicholas, bookseller, son of Rev. Nicholas, 225 n, 226 n
—— Rebecca (Wendell), wife of Nicholas, bookseller, 226 n
Boylston, Dr. Zabdiel, Letter to, attributed to S. Mather, 223, 223 n
Bradford, William (d 1657), Governor of Plymouth Colony, 19, 21; quoted, on fire at Plymouth, 1623, 14; value of his History, 131; a founder of the Separatist church at Scrooby, England, 133; imprisoned, 134; quoted, on the migration to Holland, 134, 135; his occupation there, 137; reasons of, for leaving Holland, 140; his account of the departure, 141; quoted, on R. Williams, 145; on communism, 149; influence of, 152; quoted, on dealings with the Dutch, 167; challenges Dutch claims, 182 n
Bradford Academy Historical Society, Haverhill, 399
Bradstreet, Gov. Simon, 176, 314 n
Brailsford, ——, an Englishman, guest of Washington, 34
Braintree, action of, regarding the Solemn League and Covenant, 118, 118 n
Branden, ——, sends molasses and coffee to Washington from Surinam, 44, 62
Brattle, Thomas (H. C. 1676), 376
—— Rev. William (H. C. 1680), reference to a copy of his Ephemeris, 327, 328; lines quoted from, on disorders at Harvard Commencements, 334; presides at Commencement, 372, 373
Breda, Treaty of, 73
Brenton, William, Governor of Rhode Island, 76
Brewer, Thomas, 138
Brewster, William (d 1644), 134, 135, 137; a founder of the Separatist church at Scrooby, England, 133; arrest of, demanded, 138; elder of the church at Plymouth, 143; influence of, 152
Brigham, Clarence Saunders, A.M., acknowledgments to, 109 n, 259 n; exhibits photostat of list of books purchased by C. Mather, 1682, 234; his paper on Harvard College Library Duplicates, 1682, 406–417
Brimmer, Martin (d 1896), presides at Harvard Commencement, 373
British Board of Trade. See under Great Britain
British Museum, v; information in, concerning Dighton Rock, 250, 252, 253, 275–279, 281–285
Broadsides, early American, 265 n
Brookline Historical Society, 389
Brooks, Alfred, brother of Rev. Charles, extract from journal of, read, 78, 78 n; calls upon Lady Blessington, 79
Brooks, Rev. Charles, 78
Brown, Charles Brockden, 127 n
—— Rev. Howard Nicholson, 102
—— John, of Cambridge, 65
—— Rev. Samuel (H. C. 1709), error of, in referring to date of Commencement at Harvard College, 1709, 315
—— William Garrott, quoted, on class of 1781, Harvard College, 361 n
Browne, Rev. Robert, 133; founds Separatist church, 132; recants, 132
—— William, 176
Browning, ——, 417
Brownists, 133, 138; rise of, in England, 132
Buffinton, Arthur Howland, paper by, on New England and the Western Fur Trade, 1629–1675, 160–192
Bullard, Henry, 401
Bullard Memorial Farm Association, Holliston, 401
Bullock, Augustus George, A.M., 98; elected Resident Member, 27; accepts, 69
Bumstead, Jeremiah, 332
Bureau of American Ethnology, v
Burgess, George Canning, presents photographs of Dighton Rock to Massachusetts Historical Society, 236 n, 254
Burgess photograph of Dighton Rock. See Dighton Rock
Burgoyne, Gen. John, 355 n
Burke, Edmund, 130
Burnet, Richard, steward at Mount Vernon, 33
Burr’s Hill, Warren, R. I., Indian interments at, 239 n
Bush, George Gary, 317
Bushnell, David Ives, Jr., 253, 253 n, 276 n, 281; quoted, on Dighton Rock, 235 n; publishes transcript of letter by I. Greenwood, mentioning Danforth’s drawing of Dighton Rock, 250, 251, 275, 277, 278, 288, 295; his photograph of Danforth’s drawing, 250, 257
Cadets, First Corps of, Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, 61, 61 n
Caldwell, Rev. John, 221 n
Calendar, change from Old Style to New, 346, 346 n; Roman, 332 n
Calvert, Eleanor. See Stuart
Cambridge, First Church, Harvard Commencements held in, 374, 374 n, 375 n, 376; meeting-houses of, 377 n; division of the church into First Church (Congregational) and First Church (Unitarian), 377, 377 n
—— Shepard Congregational Society, 377 n
Cambridge University, confers degrees on Harvard graduates, 210 n
Cambridge Historical Society, 392
Campbell, James, 91
Canada, importance of fur trade to, 161; English and French in, 163–165
Canada Company, 165; formed for conquest of Canada by English, 164, 164 n
Candia, N. H., 401
Candia Club, Boston, 401
Canonicus, an Indian, attacks Massasoit, 245 n
Cape Cod, Pageant of, Sandwich, a quasi-historical society, 405
Carpenter, Comfort, son of Josiah, 82; sketch of, 84
Carpenter, Josiah, 84
Carr, Charles Read, 245 n
Carver, John, Governor of Plymouth Colony, probably not at Scrooby, 134; with Pilgrims in Holland, 137; chosen Governor, 142
Cary, Capt. ——, 92
Cary House Association, Chelsea, 405
Caspipina’s Letters, authorship of, 78, 78 n
Castle, William Richards, Jr., 102
Cavendish, Henry (d 1810), 12
Cayman, Islands of, West Indies, French rights in, 73
Chamberlain, Mellen, habit of, in granting use of his collection of manuscripts, 154
Champney, Dorcas. See Bowes
Chandler, Clark, town clerk of Worcester, 113 n
Channing, Edward, Ph.D., 98; elected Resident Member, 69; accepts, 77; Society meets at house of, 308; speaks on cost of living in 1800, 308
Charles I, King of England, 59; action of, respecting Canada, 164
Charles II, King of England, 75
Charles Edward Louis Philip Casimir, the Young Pretender, 205 n
Charlton, action of, regarding the Solemn League and Covenant, 1774, 122 n; various dates given for charter of, 299–301; original charter not in existence, but contemporary copy in possession of town gives different date from Manual of General Court and Province Laws, 300–302; possible explanation, 302, 304, 305; circumstances of incorporation of the town, 303–307
Chauncy, Rev. Charles, President of Harvard College, 325, 408
—— Rev. Charles (H. C. 1721), 221 n, 226 n, 227 n
—— Rev. Ichabod (H. C. 1651), son of President Charles, 210 n
—— Rev. Isaac (H. C. 1651), son of President Charles, 210 n
Checkley, Rev. Samuel (H. C. 1715), 264 n
—— William (d 1780), son of Rev. Samuel, 264, 264 n
Chelsea, Bellingham-Cary house, 405
—— Cary House Association, 405
Chesholme, Thomas, references to his account book as Steward of Harvard College, 314, 315, 315 n, 323, 323 n
Chicopee, Dom Polski Tweinia Krula Wladyslowa Jagielly Co, 402
Chippascutt, 248; etymology of, 248 n
Choate, Joseph Hodges, D.C.L., 194, 195
Church membership as a qualification for citizenship, 147, 148
Clark, Submit, Corporation, Easthampton, 400
Clarke, John (d 1676), his Ill Newes from New-England quoted, 324
—— Rev. John (H. C. 1774), 227 n
—— Thomas, member of fur trading companies, 174, 176; interested in mining, 177 n
Clayton, Robert, Bishop of Clogher, interest of, in the “written mountains” of Wady Mukatteb, 268 n
Cleaves, George, 165
Cleft of Rocks, natural curiosity at Assonet Neck, 248 n
Clifford, John Henry, 195
Clifton, Rev. Richard, a founder of the Separatist church at Scrooby, 133; dies in Amsterdam, 136
Clinton Historical Society, 391
Cloth manufacture in New England, in eighteenth century, 351, 352
Cohannett. See Taunton
Colden, Cadwallader, letter of Franklin to, 10
Cole, Rev. William, 282
Colenbine, Brigadier ——, 91
Collins, Rev. John (H. C. 1649), 323 n
Colman, Rev. Benjamin (H. C. 1692), 221 n; receives degree from Glasgow University, 211, 212, 213; delivers sermon on death of C. Mather, 221
Colonel Timothy Bigelow Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Worcester, 405
Colonial Society of Massachusetts, commutation of dues in, urged, 98; bequest of W. Watson and other gifts to, 98; delegates to Twelfth Annual Conference of Historical Societies, appointed, 103
—— Annual Meeting, 97
—— Auditing Committee, appointed, 77, 308; Report of, 101
—— Corresponding Members, elected, 27, 69, 99; deaths of, 99
—— Corresponding Secretary, reports new members, 1, 27, 69, 77, 97, 201; election of, 102. See also Park, Charles Edwards
—— Council, Annual Report of, 97–99
—— Nominating Committee, appointed, 77, 308
—— Permanent Fund, additions to, 98
—— President, 1, 27, 77, 97, 102, 153, 230, 308; election of, 102. See also Turner, Frederick Jackson
—— Publications, 98
—— Recording Secretary, election of, 102. See also Cunningham, Henry Winchester
—— Registrar, election of, 102. See also Gay, Frederick Lewis
—— Resident Members, elected, 27, 69, 77, 98; deaths of, 99
—— Stated Meetings, 1, 27, 69, 77, 103, 153, 201, 230, 308
—— Treasurer, Annual Report of, 99–101; election of, 102. See also Edes, Henry Herbert
—— Vice-Presidents, 103; election of, 102, 201. See also Davis, Andrew McFarland
Combe, George (d 1858), 79
Committees of Correspondence. See under Boston; Worcester
Company of Adventurers, formed in Massachusetts, 1645, for fur trading, 176
Compton, Miss ——, 36
Conant, Roger, Family, Boston, a quasi-historical society, 404
Concord, Old Concord Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, 401
Condorcet, Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat, Marquis de, his Éloge of Franklin, 2
Conference of Historical Societies, Twelfth Annual, delegates to, appointed, 103
Congregational churches, forms of worship of, 78
Connecticut, reasons for migration to, 180
Connecticut Historical Society, acknowledgment to, 314 n
Connecticut Valley, settlement and fur trade of, 161, 163, 166
Conway, Elizabeth (Fitzhugh), wife of Capt. Francis, 28 n
—— Capt. Francis, guest and host of Washington, 28, 28 n, 35
Coombe. See also Combe
—— Rev. Thomas, reputed author of Caspipina’s Letters, 78
Cooper, Elizabeth (Mather), elegy by S. Mather, and sermon by C. Mather, occasioned by her death, 220, 220 n
—— Rev. Samuel (H. C. 1743), 369 n
—— William, town clerk of Boston, 106, 106 n, 107, 112, 112 n
Corbitant, an Indian, 245 n, 246 n
Corwin, George, 176
Cosmas of Egypt, surnamed Indicopleustes, quoted, on the “written mountains” of Wady Mukatteb, 268 n
Cotton, Rev. John (d 1652), Overseer of Harvard College, 320 n, 321 n
—— Rev. John (H. C. 1657), son of Rev. John (d 1652), 84, 143, 329
—— Rev. John (H. C. 1730), son of Josiah (H. C. 1698), 82; sketch of, 84
—— Josiah (H. C. 1698), son of Rev. John (H. C. 1657), 84; his supplement to Morton’s Memorial, 20 n, 24
—— Rosseter, 80
Countee, Miss ——, 37
Country Gore, relations of, to Charlton, 303, 304, 305, 306
Court de Gebelin (d 1784), his belief concerning Dighton Rock, 269 n, 291, 294
Coxe, Daniel, his story of a trading expedition in the Ohio region, 187
Craik, Ann (Fitzhugh), wife of William, 36 n
—— Dr. James (d 1814), 36 n; visits of, to Washington family, 32, 36, 38, 39, 40, 44, 49
—— Nancy, daughter of Dr. James. See Harrison
—— William, son of Dr. James, 36; marriage of, 36 n
Cramer, Ambrose, v; owns letter of C. Mather, 385
Crevecœur, Michel Guillaume Jean de (J. Hector St. John), quoted, on Indian summer, 129; inaccuracy of, 130 n
Crocker, Hannah (Mather), 409
Cromwell, Oliver, sends fleet against New Amsterdam, 172; attitude of, on Dutch claims in America, 182 n
Crothers, Rev. Samuel McChord, 102
Cunningham, Henry Winchester, A.B., 12, 14; elected Recording Secretary of the Society, 102
Curling, Capt. ——, 271 n
Cushing, Lt.-Gov. Grafton Dulany, 102
—— Lt.-Gov. Thomas, attends Harvard Commencement, 362, 362 n
—— William, error of, in regard to Constant Rock-man and N. Bowes, 225 n, 226 n
Cushman, Robert, not at Scrooby, 134; quoted, on the Separatists at Amsterdam, 136; with Pilgrims in Holland, 137
Custis, Eleanor (Calvert), widow of John Parke. See Stuart
—— Eleanor (or Nelly) Parke, daughter of John Parke, 47 n, 48, 52, 53
—— Elizabeth (or Betsey) Parke, daughter of John Parke, 47 n; guest of Washington, 47, 52
—— George Washington Parke, son of John Parke, 47 n, 52, 53
—— John Parke, 47 n
—— Martha (or Patsey) Parke, daughter of John Parke, 47 n; guest of Washington, 47, 52
—— Mary Lee (Fitzhugh), wife of George Washington Parke, 36 n
Cutler, Rev. Timothy (H. C. 1701), receives degrees from Oxford and Cambridge Universities, 210 n
Dabrowski, Henryk, Society, New Bedford, 405
Dade, Townshend, guest of Washington, 52
Dammartin, Moreau de. See Moreau de Dammartin
Dance, John, seeks position as manager for Washington, 35
Danforth, Allen, his edition of Morton’s New England’s Memorial, 15, 16 n, 17, 24
Danforth, Rev. John (d 1730), son of Rev. Samuel (d 1674), 259, 265, 270, 286; narrates legend of Taunton River, 240, 251; makes drawing and gives some account of Dighton Rock, 249, 266, 280, 281; these first published by M. Lort, 1786, 250, 255, 295; by D. I. Bushnell, 1908, 250, 251; long attributed to S. Danforth, 251, 252 n, 259; this error and incorrect use of title “Dr.” explained, 252–255; character and value of Danforth’s drawing, 254, 254 n, 262, 272, 287; this copied by C. Mather, 257–259, 417; his ordination, 259 n; the “Danforth slip” and drawing enclosed by I. Greenwood in letter to the Royal Society, sent 1732, 280, 281, 284, 286, 286 n, 289, 291, 293, 294; Danforth’s handwriting, 284 n
—— Rev. Samuel (d 1674), 251, 322 n
—— Rev. Samuel (d 1727), son of Rev. Samuel (d 1674), 239 n; drawing and account of Dighton Rock long erroneously attributed to, 249–252, 252 n; sketch of, 251; his interest in Indian affairs, 252, 252 n
—— Dep.-Gov. Thomas, 371 n
Daniels, George Fisher, 302 n
Danvers, Rebecca Nurse Memorial Association, 400
Dating of books in advance of actual date, early instance of, 224 n
Davenant, Sir William, 230
Davenport, Rev. John (d 1670), connection of, with the Delaware Company, 168; quoted, on relations of Dutch and English colonies, 180; Overseer of Harvard College, 320 n, 321 n
Davie, Edmund (H. C. 1674), receives degree from University of Padua, 210 n
Davis, Andrew McFarland, A.M., 103, 201; elected Vice-President of the Society, 102; appointed delegate to Conference of Historical Societies, 103; communicates Memoir of A. C. Goodell, 192; text of Memoir, 193–200; gives account of travels in the South, 1857–1858, 229; his paper, A Conflict in the Official Records, on date of charter of Charlton, 299–307; communicates fist of historical and quasi-historical societies organized in Massachusetts, 1901–1915, 385–406
—— John (H. C. 1651), 325
—— Judge John (d 1847), 245 n; his edition of Morton’s New England’s Memorial, 15; publication of, long delayed, 15, 16, 23–25; negotiations with First Church in Plymouth concerning preparation and publication of, 17, 18, 20–24; advertisements and prospectus of, 16, 17, 18–20; copyright by Pilgrim Society, Plymouth, 25; quoted, on C. Mather’s drawing of inscription on Dighton Rock, 263 n
—— William, brother of Judge John, 18
Davy, Sir Humphry, his estimate of Franklin, 10
Dayton, Jonathan, 64 n
Dean, John Ward, 317, 326; his list of Harvard College Commencement Days, 310, 311 n
Dedham, Fairbanks Family in America, 397
Dedham Carnival Association, 400
Deffand, Marie Anne de Vichy-Chamrond, Marquise du (d 1780), quoted, 3 n
Degradation, punishment by, at Harvard College, 67
Delabarre, Edmund Burke, his paper on Early Interest in Dighton Rock, 235–299, 417
Delaware Company of Massachusetts, its attempts at exploration and fur trading, 173–175
Delaware Company of New Haven, 181; formed for fur trading and settlement, 167–171; New England Confederation promises aid to, against the Dutch, 171
Denny, Maj. Ebenezer, on Indian summer, 129
Denonville, Jacques René de Brisay, Marquis de, administration of, in Canada, 75
Dexter, Franklin Bowditch, Litt.D., 68, 267 n; quoted, 209 n, 222 n
—— Rev. Henry Martyn, promotes memorial to Rev. J. Robinson, 140
—— Rev. Samuel (H. C. 1720), quoted, concerning degrees received, 315, 332
Dighton Rock, paper on Early Interest in, by E. B. Delabarre, 235–299, 417; origin of its inscription, 235, 235 n; wide and continued discussion of, 235; need of rewriting its history, 236; photographs of, mentioned, 236, 236 n, 254, 258 n; name of, 237; uncertainty as to date of inscription, 238–241; known to colonists before 1680, 241–243; beginning of its definite history, in 1680, with drawing and account of, by J. Danforth, 249; identity of Danforth, 249–253; discussion of his drawing, 253–255; C. Mather’s description and drawing of, 256–259, 260–263, 417; variation in reproductions of drawings, 258 n; S. Sewall’s reference to, 259; C. Mather’s broadside, 263–266; G. Berkeley’s visit to, 266–271; J. Smibert’s undiscoverable drawing of, 271–275; J. Greenwood’s letters and drawings of, sent to the Royal Society, 275–296; belief of Greenwood and others in Oriental origin of the inscription, 291, 294; the “Danforth slip” enclosed by Greenwood, 280, 281, 284, 284 n, 287 n, 291, 293, 295; summary of facts presented, 297; appeal for further investigation, 298; list of plates accompanying paper, 298–299. See also Lort, Rev. Michael
Diman, Rev. James (d 1788), 82; sketch of, 83
D’Israeli, Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield, described by A. Brooks, 79
Diurnals, 71
Doane, Elisha, 361 n
Dom Polski Tweinia Krula Wladyslowa Jagielly Co, Chicopee, 402
Dominus, use of this title at Harvard College, 309
Dongan, Thomas, Governor of New York, administration of, 74, 75
D’Orsay, Alfred Guillaume Gabriel, Count, 79
Douglas, Sylvester, Baron Glenbervie, 4
Douglass, Dr. William, note on a copy of his Dissertation on Inoculation, 223 n
Dover, N. H., action of, relating to the Solemn League and Covenant, 1774, 119 n
Drake, Samuel Gardner, makes early mention of Dighton Rock, 256 n
Draper, Philip, 359 n
Drew, Edward Bangs, A.M., 99; elected Resident Member, 69; accepts, 77
Dublin University, confers degrees on Harvard graduates, 210 n
Duché, Rev. Jacob, alleged author of Caspipina’s Letters, 78
Dudleian Lecture. See Harvard College
Dudley, Gov. Joseph, son of Gov. Thomas, 341 n; 376 n; signs muster roll of Capt. T. Larimore’s company, sent to Jamaica, 84, 93; limitation of power to send troops outside of the province, 84, 86; extracts from letters of, concerning soldiers and provisions sent to Jamaica to aid England against France, 85–92; D. Coxe reports story of trading expedition told by, 187
—— Paul (d 1751), son of Gov. Joseph, quoted, 343 n
—— Gov. Thomas, 57; Overseer of Harvard College, 320 n, 321 n; quoted, on wine and water in New England, 334
Dummer, Jeremiah (H. C. 1699), receives degree from University of Utrecht, 210 n; takes part in Harvard Commencement exercises, 1704, 376 n
—— Richard, 176
Dunlap, John, 78 n
Dunster, Rev. Henry, President of Harvard College, describes completion of the original building, 373
Dunton, John, on C. Mather’s library, 408
Duplessis, Chevalier Mauduit, guest of Washington, 33, 35
Durell, Capt. Thomas, 341 n
Durham, Earl of. See Lambton, John George
Du Simitière, Pierre Eugène, references to his account of Bishop Berkeley’s visit to Dighton Rock, 267, 267 n, 270, 271; biographical note concerning, 267 n; his account of Smibert’s drawing of the Rock, 271–272
Dutch in America, rivalry of English with, over fur trade, 162; on the Delaware, 165–176; on the Hudson, 176–192; war threatened, 172, 180; possible results if the Restoration in England had not intervened, 180
Dutch West India Company, 166, 178
Dwight, Thomas (H. C. 1778), 362
Eames, John, 279, 292, 293; requests and receives copy of inscription on Dighton Rock, for the Royal Society, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284; sketch of, 283 n; seeks more accurate copy of the inscription, 294 n
Earthquakes, T. Prince quoted on, 7
Easter term, use of the phrase in the Colony Charter, 56; date of, 56 n
Easthampton, Submit Clark Corporation, 400
East Templeton Village Improvement Society, 396
Eaton, Nathaniel, 373
—— Theophilus, Governor of Connecticut, member of the Delaware Company, 168, 171, 172; death of, 172
Eckley, Rev. Joseph, 365 n
Edes, Henry Herbert, A.M., 14, 55 n, 152, 230; exhibits portrait of Sir J. Williamson, 71; meeting of Society held at house of, 77, 97; his report as Treasurer, 99–103; elected Treasurer of the Society, 102; tribute of, to F. L. Gay, 232; quoted, on date of burlesque Theses, Harvard College, 1663, 333 n
Edgartown, Martha’s Vineyard Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution Historical Society, 394
Edinburgh University, confers degrees on Harvard graduates, 210 n
Education, in Plymouth Colony, 151
Election Day. See Massachusetts
Election Week, a general holiday, and time of anniversaries, 58, 59
Electrons, theory of, 10
Elg, Island of, poetic name for Ireland, 205 n
Eliot, pronunciation of the name in early days, 55
—— Rev. Andrew (d 1778), 54, 55 n, 369 n
—— Charles William, President of Harvard College, causes indignation by employing police on Commencement night, 368; election and inauguration of, 369 n
—— Ephraim (d 1827), commonplace books of, 54, 77; sketch of, 54; his witty advertisements of drugs and medicines, 55
—— Rev. John (d 1813), 54, 365 n; extracts from diary of, read, 77; quoted, on Matheetes Archaios, 222 n; on Harvard Commencement of 1781, 363 n
—— John Fleet, son of Ephraim, 54
—— Samuel (d 1898), 54
Elizabeth, Queen of England, 131
Elphinstone, John, Lord Elphinstone, 79
Emery, Rev. Joseph, 83
—— Rev. Stephen (d 1782), son of Rev. Joseph, 82; sketch of, 83
Endicott (Endecott), Gov. John, 57; Overseer of Harvard College, 320 n, 321 n
English Review, contains account of Bishop Berkeley’s visit to Dighton Rock, 267, 268
Episcopius, Simon, 139
Ernst, Carl Wilhelm, quoted, on British mail service, 1732, 285 n
Erving, Elizabeth, daughter of John. See Bowdoin
—— George (H. C. 1757), 339 n
—— John, 158 n
Été sauvage. See Indian summer
Evans, Charles, references to his American Bibliography, 220, 222, 222 n
Evanses, John. See Eames, John
Evelyn, John, 70 n
Everett, Edward, 233; wine discontinued at Harvard Commencement dinners under his presidency, 368 n
—— William, son of Edward, 233
Everett, Friday Club of, 398
Fairbanks Family in America, Dedham, 397
Fairfax, ——, Washington lodges at house of, 50
—— Rev. Bryan, son of Sir William, guest of Washington, 48
Fall River, Girls Progressive Club, 401
Falmouth (now Portland), Me., action of, regarding the Solemn League and Covenant, 1774, 119
Falmouth Historical Society, 391
Fanshawe, Sir Richard, news-letters and autograph letters sent to, by J. Williamson, exhibited, 69, 70
Faraday, Michael, 12; his idea of protection from electrical disturbance, 8; similarity of his views and Franklin’s regarding electricity, 10
Farming in Virginia, as described in diary of Washington, 28–54
Farnham, Lord. See Maxwell-Barry, John
Farwell, John Whittemore, Litt.B., exhibits and speaks upon a Treaty of Peace in America between James II and Louis XIV, 71–76; upon A Catalogue of Books belonging to the Library Company of Philadelphia, 233
Fellow-commoners, at Harvard College, 309
Felt, Rev. Joseph Barlow, work of, on Massachusetts archives, 93
Fendall, ——, wife of Philip Richard, 29; guest of Washington, 28, 36, 41, 42
—— Philip Richard, Washington dines with, 33; guest of Washington, 36, 41, 42
Fenn, Rev. William Wallace, D.D., on Nominating Committee, 77
Ferre (Ferry), Charles, 404
—— Sarah (Harmon), wife of Charles, 404
Ferry-Ferre, Ferét Family Historical Association, Boston, 404
Fessenden, Stephen (H. C. 1737), 339 n
—— William (H. C. 1737), 339 n
Field, Darby, 173
Finch, Daniel, second Earl of Nottingham, 91; letters of Gov. J. Dudley to, 86, 88, 90, 91
Fisher, Rev. Nathaniel (H. C. 1706), 277, 289; sketch of, 289 n
Fisheries, importance of, in early New England history, 161
Fitzgerald, Col. John, 49, 50; guest of Washington, 28, 28 n, 34, 45
Fitzhugh, Ann. See Craik
—— Elizabeth. See Conway
—— George, son of Col. William of Maryland, guest of Washington, 37
—— Mary Lee. See Custis
—— William, of Chatham, guest of Washington, 31, 31 n, 32, 52
—— Col. William, of Maryland, 37
—— family, of Fairfax Co., Va., home of, 31 n
Five Nations. See Indians
Fletcher, Dr. Asaph, 110 n
Flint, Rev. James (d 1855), quoted, on J. Davis’s edition of Morton’s New England’s Memorial, 16; his error in announcing publication of, 17, 23, 26
—— Susannah. See Viall
Flood, William Henry Grattan, 203
Flynt, Henry (H. C. 1693), 83 n; presides at Harvard Commencement, 372, 373
Folsom, Augustine Henry, photographs Dighton Rock, 236 n
Foote, Rev. Henry Wilder, S.T.B., 99; elected Resident Member, 77; accepts, 97
Force, Peter, cited, concerning the Solemn League and Covenant, 1774, 114
Ford, Paul Leicester, his treatment of Franklin’s scientific work, 6
—— Worthington Chauncey, A.M., communicates a Diary of Washington, 27; speaks on care of the Massachusetts archives, 93–96; on Auditing Committee, 308
Fore-bay, meaning of term, 37, 37 n
Forefathers’ Song. See Our Forefathers’ Song
Foster, William Eaton, discovers date of Dean Berkeley’s sailing for England, 271 n
Fowle, ——, Harvard Corporation meets at house of, in Watertown, 1775, 353
Framingham Boys Club Association, 400
France, government of, compared by T. Pickering to a “crouching tyger,” 66, 67; relations of, with the United States in 1798, 67; England at war with, 1702–1703, 84–92; conflict of, with England for power in America, 161–164
Francis, John, 375
Franklin, Benjamin, paper on, as a scientist, by J. Trowbridge, 1–12; treatment of his scientific work in the various lives of Franklin, 2–6; reputation gained by the kite experiment, 2; Turgot’s introduction of, 2, 3, 3 n; Condorcet’s Éloge of, 2–3, 2 n; recognition of, in France and Great Britain, 2, 2 n; possible influence of, on l’Abbé Sieyès, 3; quoted, on lightning-rods, 4; member of committee to inquire into mesmerism, 5; his scientific habit of mind, 5; best accounts of his scientific work, 6; value of his scientific work only lately appreciated, 6, 9, 10, 11; prejudice of Puritans against, 7; honored by Harvard College, 7, 207 n; his many-sidedness, 9; Sir H. Davy’s judgment of, 10; his one fluid theory of electricity and his theory of light, 10; his remarks on the aurora borealis, 11; his position among greatest students of electricity, 12; catalogue of the Library Company of Philadelphia, printed by, exhibited, 233–234
—— William Temple, 3 n
Fraser, Alexander Campbell, quoted, on extent of Bishop Berkeley’s travels in America, 269, 269 n
Freeman, Maj. ——, agent of Washing ton, 34
—— Rev. James (d 1835), 156 n
—— Samuel, town clerk of Falmouth, Me., 120
Freemen, regulations concerning, in Plymouth Colony, 147, 148
Freemen’s Purchase of 1659, 244
Freetown, Indian relics at, 243
French, ——, wife of Daniel, negotiations of, with Washington concerning lease of land and slaves, 38, 39, 42, 44, 53, 54; conditions made by, for treatment of slaves, 42
French, the, in America, conflict of English with, 74–75, 163–165
French Academy, 3; eulogy of Franklin delivered before, 2
Freneau, Philip, quoted, on Indian summer, 125; sketch of, 126
Freshets, in Virginia, 1786, recorded by Washington, 29
Friday Club of Everett, 398
Frink, Rev. Thomas (H. C. 1722), 61, 61 n
Frontenac, Louis de Buade, Comte de (d 1698), administration of, in Canada, 74
Fuller, Abraham, 361
—— Samuel (d 1633), 137
Fur trade, paper on New England and the Western, 1629–1675, by A. H. Buffinton, 160–192; importance of, in early American history, 160, 169; key to struggle between English colonies and New France, 160–161; prepares way for settlement, 161; causes rivalry with Dutch as well as French, 162, 163; the Canada Company and Laconia Company, 163–165; attempts of Plymouth to establish trade on the Connecticut, 166; attempts of New Haven on the Delaware, 167–173; of Massachusetts on the Delaware, 173–176; of Massachusetts on the Hudson, 176–188
Gage, Gov. Thomas, proclamation of, 122 n
Gammack, James, 213
Gardiner, Lion, 246 n
Gardner, Henry, 361
—— William Brown, his photograph of Dighton Rock, 1875, 258 n
Gates, Gen. Horatio, honorary degree conferred on, by Harvard College, 357
Gay, Frederick Lewis, A.B., 83 n, 252 n, 261 n, 321 n; exhibits deed of Winthrop estate, 76; exhibits and speaks upon the muster roll of Capt. T. Larimore’s company, 84; elected Registrar of the Society, 102; death of, announced, 230; tributes to, 230–233; acknowledgment to, 267 n
Gaylord Memorial Library Association, South Hadley, 396
Gebelin, Court de. See Court de Gebelin
Gee, Rev. Joshua, 212 n
General Election Day. See Massachusetts
Gentleman, A, of Baltimore, writes song in honor of Washington, 62
George III, King of England, 62; discusses lightning conductors, 4
George, Prince, of Denmark, Consort of Queen Anne of England, 91
German-American Alliance of Boston and Vicinity, 402
Germanflats (now Herkimer), N. Y., 129, 130
Ghent, Treaty of, recognition of one hundredth anniversary of, 14
Gibbs, Rev. Henry (H. C. 1686), probably takes part in Harvard Commencement exercises, 376 n
Gillam, Benjamin, 330
Gilpin, Col. George, 49, 50; guest of Washington, 42
Girls Progressive Club, Fall River, 401
Glasgow University, 214, 385; confers degrees on Harvard graduates, 210, 210 n, 211; minute concerning some of these degrees, 213
Glenbervie, Baron. See Douglas, Sylvester
Gloucester Day Committee, Incorporated, 402
—— Ladies Auxiliary of, 406
Glover, John (H. C. 1650), receives degree from University of Aberdeen, 210 n
—— John (H. C. 1651), 323 n
Godfrey, Sir Edmund Berry, 12
Goodell, Abner Cheney, Memoir of, by A. McF. Davis, communicated, 192; text of Memoir, 193–200; his early life, 194; law practice, public offices, and other occupations, 195, 196; his work on the Province Laws, 193, 195–198; friction with Governor and Council, and removal from the work, 197–198; offer of a reappointment, 199; private offices held, honors received, family, home, etc., 196, 199–200; death of, and tribute to, 200
Gookin, Rev. Daniel (H. C. 1669), 370, 370 n; moves Harvard College library to the New College, 375
—— Samuel, appointed to keep order at Harvard College Commencement, 340
Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, 165; prominent in Canada Company, 164; with Mason, secures grant of Province of Laconia, 164; challenges Dutch claims, 182 n
Gosnold, Bartholomew, 161
Goson, ——, 188
Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (d 1896), 385
Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England, Boston, a quasi-historical society, 398
Grassy Island, 241, 242, 248 n
Graydon, Vice-Admiral John, service of, against the French, 90, 91; complaint against, in Jamaica, 90
Great Britain, first evidence of interest of, in the United States, after the Revolution, 78; American aid to, in war with France, 1702–1703, 84–93
—— Board of Trade, its use of the term Indian summer, 123, 125; regulations of, concerning maximum load lines, 123–124
—— Council of Trade and Plantations, letters of Gov. J. Dudley to, concerning sending of troops to Jamaica, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91; grievances of the Massachusetts Bay Province against, 104
Greek-American Club of Boston, 405
Greek-American Historical Association, Lowell, 401
Green, Bartholomew (d 1732), 323 n
—— Charles Montraville, M.D., on Nominating Committee, 77; presents list of candidates, 101
—— Isaiah Lewis, 361 n
—— Rev. Joseph, 380 n
—— Samuel (d 1690), 20 n
—— Dr. Samuel Abbott, 315, 321; references to and quotations from his list of Harvard College Commencement Days, 311, 310, 323 n, 325, 327, 335 n; quoted, on form of dating used on the Commencement programmes, 321 n
—— Thomas, 41
Greene, Evarts Boutell, Ph.D., 99; elected Corresponding Member, 69; accepts, 77
Greenfield, Historical Society of, 393
—— Womans Club of, 403
Greenhalge, Gov. Frederic Thomas, action of, regarding publication of the Province Laws, and removal of A. C. Goodell from editorship, 197, 198
Greenough, Chester Noyes, Ph.D., inquires as to authorship of Caspipina’s Letters, 78
Greenwood, Isaac (H. C. 1721), references to his description and drawing of Dighton Rock, 240, 241, 250, 251, 253, 253 n, 255, 257, 259, 260, 267, 270, 272, 295; quoted, on the Indians’ occupancy of Assonet Neck, 243; confusion concerning Greenwood’s letters regarding the Rock, 275; survey of facts previously accessible in print, 275–278; the problem clarified, 279; detailed account of letters and drawings sent by Greenwood to the Royal Society and preserved in the British Museum, 280–288; text of letters, 288–291, 292; opinion of Greenwood and others as to origin of the inscription on the Rock, 291; text of the “Danforth slip” enclosed in Greenwood’s letter, 291; copying of the letters and drawings into the Register of the Royal Society, 292, 296; duplicate letter submitted to Society of Antiquaries, London, 293; these letters not published by the societies, 294; later knowledge of, due to Lort and Bushnell, 295; table showing differences in various versions of the letter of 1730, 296
Grenville, William Wyndham, Baron Grenville, 15; dispatch from, read, 78
Griffiths, Ralph (d 1803), 228 n
Griswold, Roger, toast in honor of, 64 n
Gunpowder Plot, 13
Guy Fawkes Night, tract on ceremonies of, exhibited, 12–14; references on, 12 n
Hale, Rev. Charles Reuben, 255 n; quoted, on Danforth’s drawing of Dighton Rock, 254 n; on Mather’s, 263 n
—— Rev. Edward Everett (H. C. 1839), reference to his Franklin in France, 2
—— Edward Everett (H. C. 1883), son of Rev. Edward Everett, 2
—— Elizabeth, wife of Robert, 83
—— Henry (d 1736), son of Robert, 82; sketch of, 83
—— Robert, 83
Hall, ——, guest of Washington, 41
Hamilton, Alexander, 15
Hammond, George, British minister to the United States, letter of, read, 15; dispatch to, read, 78
Hancock, Gov. John, 364 n, 369 n; attends Harvard Commencement, 362, 362 n
—— Lucy. See Bowes
—— Thomas, uncle of Gov. John, 224 n
—— Thomas, 28
Harlakenden, Roger, Overseer of Harvard College, 320 n; death of, 321 n
Harmer, Rev. Thomas, 268 n
Harmon, Sarah. See Ferre
Harris, Samuel (d 1810), his belief concerning Dighton Rock, 260, 291
Harrison, ——, daughter of Col. Charles, guest of Washington, 42, 43
—— Col. Charles, 42
—— Nancy (Craik), wife of Richard, guest at Mount Vernon, 36; marriage of, 36 n
—— Richard, 36 n
Hart, Albert Bushnell, quoted, on place of holding first Harvard Commencement, 374
—— Charles Henry, 274 n
—— Francis Russell, 98; accepts Resident Membership, 1
Hartford, Treaty of, 1650, 170, 178, 179, 182
Hartshorn, Ebenezer (H. C. 1732), 339 n
Harvard College, 12; gives degree to B. Franklin, 7; use of lightning rods at, 8; celebrations of Washington’s birthday at, 63–68; incident at Commencement, 1798, illustrating feeling toward France, 67; forms of punishment used at, 66, 67; system of placing and punishment by degradation in place, 67; early clubs and societies at, 79–84; errors in catalogues of, 206; customs in conferring of degrees and forms of recording them, 207, 207 n; degrees from foreign universities conferred on graduates of, before 1731, 210, 210 n; record of honorary degrees in College Book III, 211 n; remark on incorporation of, 300; forms of designation used for undergraduates and graduates, 309, 310; fellow-commoners and knights’ sons in attendance, 309, 309 n; Master’s degree, how granted, 322; graduates remaining in residence, 310 n; contemporary information in early newspapers not yet used in the Quinquennial, 339 n; College assembled at Concord, 354; honorary degrees conferred on H. Gates and J. D. de Valnais, 1779, 357; early buildings of the College, 373–375; rebellions over bad commons, 378 n
—— Alumni Association, exercises of, where held, 377
—— Board of Overseers, 315 n, 329, 332, 332 n, 337 n, 338, 346, 351 n, 352, n, 357; first mention of Commencement Day (with specific date) in records of, 315; establishment of, 317, 320, 320 n, 321; votes of, regarding Commencement, 328, 330, 330 n, 331, 334, 337, 342, 343, 343 n, 344, 345 n, 346, 347, 349, 350, 351, n, 354 n, 355 n, 356, 356 n, 359, 361, 365
—— Commencement Days, 1642–1916, paper on, by A. Matthews, 309–384; need of complete list, 309; earlier incomplete and imperfect lists, by J. W. Dean and S. A. Green, 310, 311, 311 n; sources of the present list: Theses, 311, 312 n, 313 n; Quaestiones, 312, 312 n, 313 n; Triennial Catalogues, 313, 313 n; newspapers, 314, 314 n; archives of the College, 314; diaries, journals, letters, 315; exact information meagre previous to 1726, but most dates established, 316; almanacs rejected as unreliable, 316; examples of their errors, 316 n; forms of dates on college programmes, 321 n; printing of programmes, 328 n; Commencement of 1642, various dates given for, 317, 317 n; proof that it took place before Sept. 26, 318–319; character of the exercises, 318, 318 n; Gov. Winthrop’s account of this Commencement, 319, 320, 321, 333; Commencement of only contemporary record of, leaves precise day undetermined, 321; no Commencement, 322; 1645, no contemporary record found, 322; 1646, first year exact date known, 322; 1649, only contemporary record S. Whiting’s oration, 322; 1650, date of Commencement given in the Steward’s Account Book, 323, 323 n; 1651, Commencement changed to second Tuesday in August, 324; 1653, double Commencement, 324; 1654, 1667, 1671, 1672, 1675, 1676, 1677, contemporary records proving dates of Commencements, 325–327; 1682, Commencement appointed for September, but changed back to August, 327, 328 n; 1683, Commencement changed to September, 328; 1684, vote to hold Commencement in future on first Wednesday in July, protest on account of eclipse that year, change to Tuesday, 329, 330 n; 1685–1714, Commencement first Wednesday in July, except in 1689, 330; 1715, Commencement changed to last Wednesday of August, 331; 1716, restored to first Wednesday in July, 331; 1721, private Commencement on account of small-pox, 331; 1723, Theses and Quaestiones wrongly dated, 332, 332 n; summary for 1642–1726, 333; 1727–1735, private Commencements, 333–343; this action caused by excesses and disorders which had prevailed, 333; special Proctor appointed for Commencement week, 334; orders regulating use of wine, forbidding plum-cake, etc., 334–337; public dinners dispensed with, 1722, 1730, 336, 340; first Boston newspaper account of Commencement, 338, 338 n; private Commencements satisfy no one, 339–341; special measures to prevent disorder still necessary, 340; dangerous crowd in meeting-house, 1735, 342; Friday usual day of Commencement during this period, 340 n, 341; dissatisfaction and vote to change to Wednesday, 342; 1740, throat distemper causes postponement of Commencement to August, 343; 1749, proposal for private Commencement negatived by Overseers, 344; Commencement held Friday, June 30, 344; 1752, no public Commencement on account of small-pox, 344; text of the general diploma used, 345; 1753, change of date from first to third Wednesday in July, due to adoption of New Style, 345; 1754, Overseers recommend first Wednesday, but it is not approved, 346; 1757, various votes regarding Commencement, but finally, on account of war, drought and other unfavorable conditions, no public Commencement held, and general diploma used, 346–348; 1760, order against students having entertainments in their chambers, 348; recommendation that practice of addressing the female sex in orations be discontinued, 349; vote that Commencement be third Wednesday in July, 349; 1764, after some disagreement between Corporation and Overseers, it is decided on account of small-pox, burning of the Library, etc., to hold no public Commencement and use general diploma, 349–351; 1768, graduates wear cloth manufactured in New England, and Theses are printed on paper made at Milton, 351–352; 1772, error in date of Theses, 352; 1774–1778, on account of troubles connected with the Revolution, no public Commencements, and general diplomas used, 352–356; 1779, exercises usual upon a Commencement Day performed June 18 and two honorary degrees conferred, but first degrees conferred July 21, by general diploma, 356–358; 1780, class of, requests that there be no public Commencement, which is granted and degrees conferred by general diploma, 358–360; 1781, class of, makes similar petition, which is not granted, 360, 361; preparations for old-time celebration, 361; law respecting dress of candidates for degrees suspended, 361 n; account of exercises from Boston Gazette, 362; 1787, class of, petitions for private Commencement, which is refused on ground that the public exercises have beneficial influence, 363; J.Q. Adams one of the petitioners, 364; 1802, day changed to last Wednesday in August, 365; dates of Commencement, 1802–1916, 366; Commencement programmes for 1808 and 1907 misdated, 366; decline of Commencement as a general holiday, 366–368; punch prohibited, 1894, 368; wine discontinued at dinner after 1845, 368 n; last Commencement dinner, 1904, 368 n; persons presiding at Commencement, other than Presidents or Vice-President, 368–373; Gov. Andros’s order appointing Rev. W. Hubbard, 1688, 372; condensed list of such officers, 1672–1887, 373; places where the exercises have been held, 373–378; the first Harvard College, and uncertainty whether, in the early years, degrees were conferred there or in the meeting-house of the First Church, 373–375; the New College, also called Harvard College, 375; exercises certainly in meeting-house, 1704–1833, 376–377; later places of meeting, 377; Commencement dinners, where served, 377; list of Commencement Days, 1642–1916, 378–384; complaints about dinner, 378 n
—— Corporation, 332, 332 n, 338, 346, 346 n, 352; disputes in, caused by Unitarian movement, 1805, 77; publication of the records of, by the Colonial Society, 98, 309; votes of, 310, 339 n; votes of, regarding settlement of college charges, 324 n; regarding Commencement, 314 n, 329, 330, 331, 335, 336, 337, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 348 n, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 359, 361, 361 n, 365; regarding changes in college calendar due to adoption of New Style, 346; meets at Watertown, 353
—— Dudleian Lecture, given by S. Mather, 1769, 218, 218 n
—— Harvard Hall, burning of, 1764, 349, 349 n
—— Library, duplicate books in, bought by C. Mather, 1682, 234, 407; such books described by C. S. Brigham, 407–417; catalogued by N. Russell, 408; list of, 409–417
—— Library Catalogue, 1723, mentioned, 407, 409–416
—— Memorial Hall, dedication of, 378 n
—— Philomusarian Club, 1728, paper on, by J. H. Tuttle, 79–84; articles of, printed from original manuscript, 80–82; sketches of members of, 82–84
Hassun, Indian word, meaning of, 241, 241 n
Hathorne, William (d 1681), 179; promoter of fur trading companies, 176, 177, 178, 180, 181 n
Haven, John, 302 n
—— Samuel Foster (d 1881), quoted, on S. Danforth’s supposed connection with Dighton Rock, 252 n; on views of Massachusetts scholars concerning the lost tribes of Israel, 259; on C. Mather’s drawing of inscription on Dighton Rock, 263 n
—— Dr. Samuel Foster (d 1862), son of Samuel Foster (d 1881), 220
Haverhill, Bradford Academy Historical Society, 399
Hay, John, paper on, read, 27
Hayday, James, 233
Haynes, John (d 1654), Governor of Connecticut, 167
—— Rev. John (H. C. 1656), son of Gov. John, receives degree from Cambridge University, 210 n
Heath Historical Society, 390
Hebrew Institute, Boston, 404
Hedge, Isaac Lothrop, 25
Henry VIII, King of England, 131
Henryk Dabrowski Society, New Bedford, 405
Henshaw, Samuel, A.M., 98; accepts Resident Membership, 27
—— William, 113 n
Herbert, ——, guest of Washington, 45
Herkimer, N. Y., 130
Hermes, Karl Heinrich, quoted, on Danforth’s drawing of Dighton Rock, 254 n
Higginson, Rev. Francis (d 1630), quoted, on use of wine and water, 334
Hill, Abigail. See Masham
—— Ira, 291
—— Gen. John, brother of Lady Masham, attends Harvard Commencement, 341 n
—— Valentine, 173; sketch of, 174 n
Hingham Historical Society, 395
Historical societies organized in Massachusetts, 1901–1915, list of, by A. McF. Davis, 385–406; definition of, 386–388
—— Amherst Historical Society, 390
—— Andover Historical Society, 394
—— Ashland Historical Society, 393
—— Belchertown Historical Association, 395
—— Brookline Historical Society, 389
—— Cambridge Historical Society, 392
—— Clinton Historical Society, 391
—— Falmouth Historical Society, 391
—— Heath Historical Society, 390
—— Hingham Historical Society, 395
—— Historical Society of Greenfield, Massachusetts, 393
—— Holliston Historical Society, Incorporated, 395
—— Leominster Historical Society, 392
—— Lincoln Historical and Genealogical Association, Taunton, 392
—— Lowell Historical Society, 389
—— Marblehead Historical Society, 389
—— Martha’s Vineyard Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution Historical Society, Edgartown, 394
—— Medway Historical Society, 389
—— Melrose Historical Society, 394
—— Mendon Historical Society, 393
—— Milton Historical Society, 391
—— Needham Historical Society, Incorporated, 395
—— Newton Historical Society, 390
—— Northampton Historical Society, 392
—— North Andover Historical Society, 394
—— Norwood Historical Society, 392
—— Old Dartmouth Historical Society, New Bedford, 391
—— Old South Historical Society, Boston, 389
—— Roxbury Historical Society, 389
—— Sandwich Historical Society, 393
—— Sharon Historical Society, 391
—— Sherborn Historical Society, 394
—— Shrewsbury Historical Society, 390
—— Stoughton Historical Society, 391
—— Swampscott Historical Society, 391
—— Topsfield Historical Society, 394
—— Unitarian Historical Society, Boston, 388
—— Waltham Historical Society, Incorporated, 395
—— Western Hampden Historical Society, Westfield, 393. See also Quasi-historical societies
Historical Society of Greenfield, 393
Hoar, Rev. Leonard, President of Harvard College, 323 n, 326 n; receives degree from Cambridge University, 210 n; resigns presidency of Harvard College, 326 n, 369
Hodges, Henry, 242
Hollis, Thomas (d 1735), 284
—— Thomas (d 1774), son of Thomas (d 1735), 218 n, 226 n; correspondence of, with S. Mather, 228 n
Holliston, Bullard Memorial Farm Association, 401
Holliston Historical Society, Incorporated, 395
Holmes, Dr. Oliver Wendell, reference to his poem, The Moral Bully, 59 n
Holyoke, Rev. Edward, President of Harvard College, 345; throat distemper in family of, 343, 343 n; memorandum of, concerning change of dates to New Style in college calendar, 346 n; election and inauguration of, 369 n
—— Margaret (Appleton), second wife of Rev. Edward, death of, 343 n
Hook, Rev. William (d 1677), owns meadows near Taunton, 242
Hooker, Rev. Thomas (d 1647), 167
Hopkins, Stephen, not at Scrooby, 134; nor at Leyden, 137; visit of, to Massasoit, 244
Howard, Albert Andrew, acknowledgment to, 333 n
—— Eliza, quoted, on S. Danforth, 252 n
—— Rev. Simeon (H. C. 1758), 67, 365 n; presides at Harvard Commencement, 373
Howland, John, Society of the Descendants of Pilgrim, of the Ship Mayflower, Plymouth, 403
Hubbard, William, member of fur trading company, 176
—— Rev. William (d 1704), son of William, conducts Harvard Commencements, 1684, 1688, 311 n, 371, 373; order appointing him, 1688, 372; quoted, on Harvard’s New College, 375; his General History of New England, 376 n
Hudson Bay Company, 160
Hughes, James, 359 n
Humfrey, John (d 1651), Overseer of Harvard College, 320 n, 321 n
Humphreys, Col. David (1752–1818), 29, 33, 35, 36; accompanies Washington to meeting of Directors of the Potomac Company, 30
Huntley, Lydia. See Sigourney
Hubd, Hon. Francis William, A.M., death of, announced, 99
Hutchinson, Anne, 174 n
—— Edward, 76
—— Richard, 76
Hutton, Charles, 261 n
Hyde, Douglas, of Dublin, sends Gaelic poem in which Washington and John Paul Jones are mentioned, 201; comments of, on the poem, 202, 203, 205 n
Hyde Park Carnival Association, 399
Indian picture-writing, 238 n
Indian summer, notes on, by H. E. Ware and A. Matthews, 123–130; use of the term by the British Board of Trade, 123–125; in poems of Freneau and Mrs. Sigourney, 125, 126–128; American Indian traditions and customs bearing on, 127–129; earliest use of term by Crevecœur, 1778, 129
Indians, principal sufferers in conflict of English and French in America, 74, 75; menace of, to colonies, 86, 87, 88, 163; policy of Plymouth Colony toward, 149; intercourse with, resulting from fur trade, 160, 161, 163, 169, 175, 185; rivalry of English and Dutch in working to secure aid of the Five Nations, 185, 185 n; power of the Five Nations in Indian Affairs, 185, 185 n; results which might have followed alliance of Massachusetts and the Five Nations, 186; Wampanoags at Assonet Neck, 239, 243–249, 289; Indian relics there and at Freetown, 243; conspiracies among Narragansett and other Indians, partly conducted near Taunton, 245 n–247 n; Indian vocabulary compiled by S. Danforth, 252, 252 n; J. Smibert’s belief as to origin of the Indians, 275; Mohawk chiefs at Harvard Commencement, 341 n. See also Alexander; Canonicus; Corbitant; Massasoit; Miantonomoh; Ninigret; Pequot War; Philip, King; Philip’s War, King; Piowant; Tetiquet, Sachem of; Uncas; Ussamequin; Wetamo
Indicopleustes. See Cosmas of Egypt
Ingenhousz, Johannes, takes part in controversy about lightning rods, 4
Inis Eilge, poetic name for Ireland, 205, 205 n
Inoculation. See Small-pox
Intemperance, treatment of, in Plymouth Colony, 150
Intend, obsolete use of, 33 n
International Zionist Congress, 404
Ireland, British policy toward, 202; Island of Elg, poetic name for, 205 n
Iroquois, Lake of the. See Champlain, Lake
Israel, ten lost tribes of, opinions of colonial scholars on, 259
Jackson, William, 18
Jacobinism, feeling against, at Harvard College, 64, 65, 66
Jamaica, New England troops sent to, for aid of English, 84–93; minutes of Council of, concerning use of the troops, 89; merchants and planters of, complain of Admiral Graydon, 90
James I, King of England, 132, 182; his treatment of the Separatists, 141
James II, King of England, treaty of, with Louis XIV, 71–76. See also York, Duke of
James, James Alton, mistake of, noted, 170 n
Jansenists, 4
Jay, John (d 1829), reception of, in London, 78
Jefferson, Thomas, President, 66 n; satirical toast to, at Harvard College, 64
Jenifer, Dr. Daniel, 36
Jennings, Rev. David, note on the Harvard College copy of his abridgment of S. Mather’s Life of C. Mather, 223 n
Jennison, Samuel (d 1790), 106 n
Jepson, William, builds cabins for Pilgrims in Leyden, 137
Jewett Family of America, Rowley, a quasi-historical society, 403
John Bean Association of America, Boston, 401
John White Association, Boston, 406
Johnson, Alfred, Litt.D., 102; elected Resident Member, 103; accepts, 153
—— Amandus, references to his account of the explorations of the Laconia Company, 165 n, 168 n
—— Edward (d 1672), cited, on fur trade, 177 n; quoted, on date of Harvard Commencement, 1651, 324
—— Rev. Francis (d 1618), 136
—— Marmaduke, 20 n
—— Thomas, Governor of Maryland, 49
Jones, Benjamin, his ownership of Dighton Rode and contribution to accounts of it, 240, 270, 271, 286 n, 287 n
—— Benjamin (d 1768), son of Benjamin, 286 n, 287 n
—— Hannah (Walker), wife of Benjamin, 286 n
—— Henry, references to his abridgment of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 258, 261 n, 262 n
—— John Paul, mentioned in Gaelic poem by T. O’Meehan, 27, 202
—— Joseph, guest of Washington, 47
Joshua’s Mountain, 241 n
Jowett, Benjamin, quoted, 333 n
Joy, Charles Rhind, 317
Joyce, Patrick Weston, 203
Jurin, Dr. James, note on a copy of his work on inoculation, 223 n
Keith, Rev. George, attends Harvard Commencement, 376 n; his controversy with Vice-Pres. Willard, 377 n
—— James, guest of Washington, 34
Kellen, William Vail, LL.D., 101; on Auditing Committee, 77; gives photographs of historical documents to Massachusetts Historical Society, 96
Kendall, Edward Augustus, references to his account of Dighton Rock, 240, 245; his pictures of the Rock, 254; variations in copies, 258 n; his criticism of C. Mather’s drawing of the inscription, 262 n
—— Rev. James (d 1859), 21, 22; letter of J. Davis to, 17; settled at Plymouth, 143
—— Rev. James Augustus, son of Rev. James, 22
—— Sally, wife of Rev. James, 22
Kidder, Nathaniel Thayer, 102
Kieft, Wilhelm, Governor of New Netherland, 175
King Philip. See Philip, King
King Philip’s War. See Philip’s War, King
Kingsford, Hugh Sadler, 279
Kinnicutt, Lincoln Newton, his interpretation of the word Assonet, 241
Kirke, Gervase, and sons, capture Quebec, for the Canada Company, 164
Kirkland, Rev. John Thornton, 365 n
Kittery, Me., Sons and Daughters of, Incorporated, Boston, 406
Kittredge, George Lyman, LL.D., 14, 69, 123, 123 n, 126, 201, 202, 220, 269 n, 276 n; exhibits tract acquired by Harvard College Library on Pope Night ceremonies, 12–14; reads extract from manuscript journal of A. Brooks, 78; tribute of, to F. L. Gay, 230–232; judgment of, on C. Mather, 258; quoted, on C. Mather’s communications to the Royal Society, including account of Dighton Rock, 260, 260 n, 261 n; communicates letter of C. Mather, 1724, 384–385
Knights, sons of, at Harvard College, 309, 309 n
Knowles, Rev. John, 319
Knowlton, Marcus Perrin, LL.D., elected Vice-President of the Society, 102
La Barre, Antoine le Fèvre de, administration of, in Canada, 74, 75
Laborde, Léon de, 268 n
Lacaze, ——, guest of Washington, 54
Laconia, Province of, 165
Laconia Company, formation of, for promotion of fur trade, 163–165, 165 n
Lacroze, Mathurin Veyssière de, 290, 290 n
Lad of gold, sobriquet, to whom applied, 202, 205 n
Ladies Auxiliary of Gloucester Day Committee, Incorporated, 406
Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Dumotier, Marquis de, writes of mesmerism, 5
Lahontan, Louis Armand. Lorn d’Arce, Baron de, 74
Lake, Thomas, 176
Lamberton, George, fur trading activities of, 168
Lambton, John George, first Earl of Durham, 79
Lane, Charles Chester, acknowledgment to, 213 n
—— William Coolidge, A.B., 79, 211 n, 313 n, 318 n; exhibits orderly book of Col. W. Thomson, 76; exhibits Diary of Rev. P. Robbins, 78; quoted, on early Harvard theses, 313 n; references to his Early Harvard Broadsides, 313 n, 322 n, 378 n; quoted, on double Commencement, 1653, 324
Langdon, Rev. Samuel, President of Harvard College, 355; degree conferred on, by the University of Aberdeen, 219, 219 n; preaches ordination sermon of P. T. Smith, 219 n
Lardner, Rev. Nathaniel, friendly relations of, with S. Mather, 228 n
Larimore, Capt. Thomas, 90, 91; commands company sent to aid English against French in Jamaica and Newfoundland, 1702–1703, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89; muster roll of his company exhibited, 84; text of the roll, 92; prizes taken by, previously, 85, 88, 89; later piracy of, 85, 92
La Salle, Robert Cavelier, Sieur de, 74
Lathrop, Rev. John (d 1653), 142
—— Rev. John (d 1816), 365 n
Lauber, Almon Wheeler, cited on treatment of Pequot captives, 245 n
Laurens, Henry, 76
Lawson, James, works for Washington, 32, 37
Lay-land (lea-land), meaning of term, 46, 46 n
Lead mines, at Sturbridge, 177 n
Lear, Tobias (d 1816), references to, as a member of Washington’s family, 39, 43, 51, 53
Lechford, Thomas, cited, on fur trade in Massachusetts, 161, 162
Lee, Charles, guest of Washington, 28, 36, 45
—— Elliot, guest of Washington, 44
—— Flora, guest of Washington, 36, 37
—— Lucy, guest of Washington, 28
—— Nancy, guest of Washington, 36, 37
—— Rev. Samuel (d 1691), invited to preside at Harvard Commencement, 371, 372
—— Thomas, guest of Washington, 44
—— Thomas Sim, Governor of Maryland, 49
Lees, ——, of Maryland, 41
Leland, Dr. Phineas Washington, cited, concerning Assonet, 241 n
Leominster Historical Society, 392
Letombe, Joseph Philippe, 2, 2 n
—— John, President of Harvard College, grandson of Gov. John, 331, 331 n, 332 n; his diary a source of Commencement dates, 314, 332; manuscript volumes attributed to, in College archives, not wholly his, 326 n; inauguration of, 368 n; presides at Commencement, with William Brattle, when a Fellow, 372, 373
Levermore, Charles Herbert, 168 n
Lexington, Pageant of, Incorporated, 406
Leyden, Holland, gives refuge to the English Separatists, 135; description of, 136, 139
Library Company of Philadelphia. See Philadelphia
Light, Franklin’s views on, 10
Lightning conductors, controversy concerning, in Franklin’s time, 4; efficacy of, 7; use of, in Massachusetts and elsewhere, 7–9; T. Prince quoted on, 7
Lincoln, Rev. Perez, 67
—— family, 392
Lincoln, Bridget, Countess of, 334
Lincoln Gettysburg Memorial Association, Boston, 405
Lincoln Historical and Genealogical Association, Taunton, 392
Linsey Family Association of America, Boston, 403
Little Pope, protest against the Solemn League and Covenant so called, 117
Littlefield, George Emery, A.B., death of, announced, 99
Livermore, George, 233
Living, cost of, in 1800, discussed by E. Channing, 308
Locke, Rev. Samuel, President of Harvard College, degree of D.D. conferred on, by the College, 218
London, Church of St. John the Evangelist, Tothillfields, 276, 279 n
Lord, Arthur, A.B., 15, 101; his paper on J. Davis’s edition of Morton’s New England’s Memorial, 17–26; on Auditing Committee, 77
Lort, Rev. Michael (d 1790), 251, 256; in 1786 publishes paper on Dighton Rock, based upon unpublished letters of I. Greenwood found in the records of the Royal Society and Society of Antiquaries, and reproducing drawings of Danforth and Greenwood, 250, 253, 253 n, 255, 257, 275, 276, 277, 278, 281, 287, 288, 293, 295, 296; reviews of this paper, 267, 268 n; response by Lort, 269
Louis XIV, King of France, treaty of, with James II, of England, 71–76
Lovelace, Francis, Governor of New York, 183 n; negotiations of Massachusetts with, 184–186
Lovewell’s Fight Memorial Association, Boston, 397
Lowell, John (H. C. 1760), 365 n
—— John (H. C. 1877), 102
Lowell, Greek American Historical Association, 401
—— Molly Varnum Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution, 399
Lowell Historical Society, 389
Loyalists, American, oppose Solemn League and Covenant, 112, 122
Lyford, Rev. John, 143
Lyles, William, guest of Washington, 34
Lyles, William, & Co., supply rum to Potomac Company, 34 n
Lyman, Arthur Theodore, A.M., death of, announced, 99
Lynn Republican Club, 396
Lyon, Matthew, insults Roger Griswold, in Congress, 64 n
McCarty, Col., ——, 39
—— Thomas, 33
McIlwain, Charles Howard, error of, noted, 166 n
McKean, Rev. Joseph, 222 n
MacKinley, William, President, 27
McQuin, ——, 49
Madden, Sir Frederic, his Index to Manuscripts in the British Museum a source of information on Dighton Rock, 276, 276 n, 282
Madison, James, President, 126
Magnetism, dynamics of, 6
Mails, between Boston and London, 1710–1756, 285 n
Maine, State of, Club, Boston, 398
Mallery, Garrick, 257; quoted, on Indian picture-writing, 238 n; reproduces C. Mather’s cut of inscription on Dighton Rock, 258
Manilius, Marcus, 3
Manley, ——, land of, bought by Washington, 38, 39, 42, 47, 53
Manners-Sutton, Ellen (Power), Lady, 79
Manuscripts, Use of, in Public and Quasi-public Institutions, paper on, by L. Swift, 153–156
Marathon Social and Literary Association, Worcester, 406
Marblehead Historical Society, 389
Marischal College. See Aberdeen, University of
Martha’s Vineyard Daughters of the American Revolution Historical Society, Edgartown, 394
Martin, Christopher, not with Pilgrims in Leyden, 137
Masham, Abigail (Hill), Lady Masham, 341 n
Mason, Capt. John, 165; prominent in Canada Company, 164; with Gorges, secures grant of Province of Laconia, 164; challenges Dutch claims, 182 n
Massachusetts, towns, informality in creation of, in early days, 300; carelessness of, in care of records, 300; Gov. Shirley’s opposition to increase in number of, 306; “precincts, parishes or villages” suggested by him, 306; these usually called districts, 306; all made towns, 1775, 306; list of historical and quasi-historical societies organized in, 1901–1915, communicated by A. McF. Davis, 385–406
—— Archives, treatment of, 93–96
—— Bay Company, 162, 182; claims monopoly of fur trade, 161; Indian policy of, 185
—— Colony, refuses to coöperate with Plymouth in fur trading enterprises in the Connecticut valley, 166; forms company for trading along the Delaware, 1644, 173–175; a company, 1645, for trading in the Hudson River region, 176; another, 1659, 176–178; reasons for the westward movement, 179–180; collision with the Dutch, 180–183; last attempt on Hudson River fur trade, 1672, 183–188
—— Colony Charter, provision of, for election of officers, 56, 59
—— Commissioner of Public Records, reference to reports of, 300, 301
—— Constitution, tenth amendment to, 1831, does away with old Election Day, 59
—— Council, extracts from minutes of, 1702, concerning war with France, 85; negotiations of, with Gov. Lovelace of New York, concerning claims to territory, 184–186
—— Court of Elections, 56, 56 n; procedure of, 57; voting by proxy permitted, 57
—— Election Day in, poem on, communicated, 54; history of the day, under the Colony Charter, 56, 59; under the Province Charter, 57; under Constitution of 1780, 58; a State festival until 1831; text of the poem, 60–62
—— Election sermons, establishment of, 57; change of date of, 59; Rev. T. Frink preaches, 1758, 61 n
—— Explanatory Charter, 1725, 58 n
—— General Court, election of officers by, 56; consent of, necessary for sending troops out of the Province, 84; grants trading monopoly to Massachusetts Delaware Company, 173; to a second Company of Adventurers, 1645, 176; appoints committee to regulate the trade, 177; grants land and monopoly to third company, 1659, and asserts rights upon the Hudson, 178, 179, 181, 181 n; grants land and trading privileges to John Paine, 185, 186; Manual of the, character of, 301
—— Governor, lays claim to territory on the Hudson, 1672, 184
—— Province, sends troops to Jamaica and Newfoundland, 1703 (the first ever sent out of the Province), 84, 87, 88, 89
—— Province Charter, 57; provisions of, concerning sending troops outside of the province, 84
—— Province Laws, A. C. Goodell’s editorship of, 193, 195–199, 300; doubt as to accuracy of date given in, for charter of Charlton, 300; arrangement of, 303; method of original publication of, 304
—— Secretary, authority of, over State archives, 95
Massachusetts Historical Society, v; gift of W. V. Kellen to, of photographs of historical documents, 96; documents owned by, 106 n, 112 n, 114, 119, 264
Massachusetts Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, Boston, 399
Massachusetts Spy, first thing printed in Worcester, 1775, 114 n
Massasoit, an Indian, 244, 246 n; treaty with, 149; attacked by Canonicus, 245 n
Mastucksett, river, 247, 248 n
Mather, Abigail (Phillips), first wife of Rev. Cotton, 214 n
—— Benjamin, name incorrectly used by Glasgow University for Samuel, 213, 214. See also Mather, Rev. Samuel (H. C. 1723)
—— Rev. Cotton, son of Rev. Increase, 215, 221, 266, 270, 287 n, 329, 329 n; letter of, to Gov. G. Saltonstall of Connecticut, 208; mentioned in Glasgow University records, 214; marriages and sons of, 214 n; receives degree from Glasgow University, 210 n; publishes sermon on the death of his daughter, 220; early purchase of books by, 234; his description of Dighton Rock quoted, 235, 256; discussion of accompanying drawings, 256–259, 417; his belief concerning the lost tribes of Israel, 259; his letters to the Royal Society, including an account of Dighton Rock, 260–263, 260 n–262 n; criticisms of his drawing of the inscription on Dighton Rock, 262 n–263 n, 272, 417; broadside of his account of the Rock, 263–266; statements of, concerning Harvard Commencements, 310, 311, 312, 370, 370 n; letter of, to J. Stirling, 1724, 384–385; buys duplicate books from Harvard College, 1682, 407; character of his library, 408; list of duplicate books bought, 409–417
—— Eleazar, son of Rev. Cotton, 214 n
—— Elizabeth, daughter of Rev. Cotton. See Cooper
—— Elizabeth (Clark) Hubbard, second wife of Rev. Cotton, 214 n
—— Hannah, daughter of Rev. Samuel (H. C. 1723). See Crocker
—— Rev. Increase, son of Rev. Richard, 326, 328 n, 329, 330 n, 371 n, 407; receives degree from Dublin University, 210 n; quoted, on Harvard Commencement, 328; resignation of, from presidency of Harvard College, 368 n; presides at Commencement, 1681, 1682, 370, 370 n, 371, 373; elected President, 370 n; visits England, 371
—— Increase (d 1724), son of Rev. Cotton, 214 n
—— Joseph, son of Rev. Cotton, 214 n
—— Lydia (Lee) George, third wife of Rev. Cotton, 214 n
—— Rev. Moses (Y. C. 1739), 217
—— Rev. Nathaniel (d 1697), son of Rev. Richard, 323
—— Nathaniel (d 1709), son of Rev. Cotton, 214 n
—— Samuel (d 1701), son of Rev. Cotton, 214 n
—— Rev. Samuel (H. C. 1723), son of Rev. Cotton, 409, 413; irregularities in the recording of his honorary degrees in college catalogues, 206; receives A.M. from Yale College, 206, 207; discussion of the date of bestowal, 207–209; receives A.M. from Glasgow University, 210–216; serves as Chaplain at Castle William, 211, 212, 212 n, 215 n; error in his name in Glasgow records, 213–115, 216; his letter of acknowledgment, 215; succeeds his father at the Old North Church, 212 n; birth and death of, 214 n; receives (probably) D.D. from Aberdeen University, 217–219; possibly ignorant of the conferring of the degree, 219; preaches Dudleian Lecture, 1769, 218, 218 n; requests honorary A.M. for his son Thomas, from Harvard College, which is refused, 218 n; early writings of, 220–222; bibliography of his works, 222–228; death and funeral of, 222 n; Jennings’s abridgment of his Life of C. Mather, 223 n; his writings on inoculation, 223 n; his use of the pseudonym Constant Rock-man, 225 n–226 n; correspondence of, with T. Hollis, 228 n
—— Thomas, son of Rev. Samuel (H. C. 1723), death of, 218, 218 n; honorary degree of A.M. refused to, by Harvard College, 218 n
—— Warham (H. C. 1685), 371, 371 n
Mathetees Archaios, pseudonym, 222, 222 n
Mathews, ——, 41
Mathieu, Charles Léopold, his opinion on Dighton Rock, 291
Mattapoisett Improvement Association, 398
Matthews, Albert, A.B., 12, 20, 58 n, 123, 123 n, 235; his remarks on fire in Plymouth, caused by roystering on the Fifth of November, 14; on Morton’s New England’s Memorial, 15–17; on celebrations of Washington’s birthday, at Surinam and at Harvard College, 62–68; acknowledgments to, 83 n, 252 n, 256 n, 271 n, 279, 279 n, 408; exhibits copy of the Solemn League and Covenant, 1774, with remarks on it, 103–122; cites early use of term Indian summer, 128; his remarks on Our Forefathers’ Song, 156–158; his paper on Samuel Mather, his Honorary Degrees and Works, 206–229; his tribute to F. L. Gay, 233; his paper, on Harvard Commencement Days, 309–384
Maxwell, James Clerk (d 1877), 12; his electrodynamic theory, 11
Maxwell-Barry, John, fifth Baron Farnham, 79
May Day, Election Day served Puritans as substitute for, 57
Mayhew, Rev. Jonathan (d 1766) preaches sermons on reduction of Quebec, 221
Maynard, Sir John (d 1690), 410; gives books to Harvard College, 1682, 408, 409
Mayo, Lawrence Shaw, A.M., 102; elected Resident Member, 153; accepts, 201
Medford, Royal house, 398
—— Royal House Association, 398
Medway Historical Society, 389
Meigs, Josiah, quoted, on J. Smibert’s belief concerning the North American Indians, 274
Melrose Historical Society, 394
Melvin, Frank E., 187 n
Mendon Historical Society, 393
Mercer, Col. John, and wife, guests of Washington, 53
Merchant Adventurers’ Company of Plymouth, England, dealings of the Pilgrims with, 141, 143, 148, 149
Merrimac Town Improvement Society, 401
Merritt, Edward Percival, A.B., 335 n; speaks on English news-letters and exhibits copies, 69–71
Mesmer, Friedrich Anton, claims of, concerning magnetism, 5; Washington writes to, 5
Miantonomoh, an Indian, 246 n
Mifflin, Gen. Thomas, 35
Mildmay, Sir Henry, of Graces, Little Baddow, Essex, Eng., 309 n
—— Sir Henry, of Wanstead, Essex, Eng., 309 n
—— Thomas, of Chelmsford, Essex, Eng., 309 n
—— Sir Walter, founder of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 309 n
—— William (H. C. 1647), son of Sir Henry of Wanstead, 309 n, 323, 323 n
Miller, Rev. Ebenezer (d 1763), receives degree from Oxford University, 210 n
Milton, paper made in, 352
Milton Historical Society, 391
Minot, George Richards, gives Latin oration at Harvard Commencement, 363
Mirabeau, Honoré Gabriel Riquetti, Comte de, 3
Mitchill, Dr. Samuel Latham, 274
Moffat, John, 273
Mohawk Indians. See Indians
Mohegan Indians. See Indians
Molinists, 4
Molly Varnum Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution, Lowell, 399
Montagu, Edward Wortley (d 1776), 268 n
Montfaucon, Bernard de, 268 n
Monumentum Assonetense. See Dighton Rock
Moreau de Dammartin, his opinion on Dighton Rock, 291.
Morison, Samuel Eliot, Ph.D., 67 n, 160, 174 n, 177 n, 188 n; reads letter from G. Hammond, 1794, 15; communicates poem on Election Day in Massachusetts, 54; reads paper on Proprietors of Massachusetts Townships, 69; reads extracts from Diary of Rev. J. Eliot, 77; reads dispatch from Lord Grenville, 78; elected Member of the Council of the Society, 102; appointed delegate to conference of Historical Societies, 103
Morris, Lewis, 376 n
Morse, Rev. Jedidiah, 365 n
—— John Torrey, Jr. (H. C. 1860), reference to his life of Franklin, 2
Morton, Nathaniel (d 1685), 14, 249 n; discussion of the editions of his New England’s Memorial, particularly the one edited by J. Davis, 15–26; reference to his Christian Reader, 18 n
—— Thomas, of Merrymount, 166; trading ventures of, 162; association of, with Gorges and Mason, and interest of, in the Lake Champlain country, 165
Moseley, Rev. Samuel, 212 n
Moses, Bernard, 102
Mount Vernon, Va., daily life at, as described in diary of Washington, 28–54
Mr., use of this title at Harvard College, 309
Muddiman, Henry, news-letters of, 70 n
Mullins, Priscilla, daughter of William. See Alden
—— William, 137
Myles, Rev. Samuel (d 1728), receives degree from Oxford University, 210 n
Namasket Indians. See Indians
Nantucket, Unity Club of, 396
Narragansett Indians. See Indians
Nautical Historical Society, Scituate, 397
Neal, Rev. Daniel, 267; quotes from C. Mather’s account of Dighton Rock, 266
Neale, Capt. Walter, 166 n; governor of Laconia, 165
Needham Historical Society, Incorporated, 395
Neely, George Washington, son of Matthew, 63
—— Matthew, names child for Washington, 63
Negroes. See Slaves
Nelson, John, 330
Neutrality, 78; British invasions of, 1794, 15; treaty of, between James II and Louis XIV, 72–76
New Bedford, Henryk Dabrowski Society, 405
—— Old Dartmouth Historical Society, 391
New England, soldiers of, in war between England and France, 84–93; fur trade of, 160–192; desire of, for expansion, 171
New England Antiquities, Society for the Preservation of, Boston, 402
New England Confederation, connection of, with fur trade, 169, 170; promises support to New Haven Delaware Company, 171; considers war against the Dutch, 172
New England History Teachers’ Association, Boston, 403
New France. See Canada
New Hampshire, Province of, sends troops to Jamaica, 1703, 88
New Haven, Ct., settlement of, 167; rivalry of, with Dutch for fur trade, 167–169, 170–173; urges war, 172; appeals to Cromwell, 172; Iron Works, 177 n
News-letters, character and uses of, 69–70; comparison of, with newspapers, 70; terms used to designate, 71
Newspapers, in 17th century, 70
New Style. See Calendar
Newton, Sir Isaac, 283 n; his theory of light, 11
Newton Historical Society, 390
New York, battle ground of French and English, 74; importance of the fur trade as influencing political history, 160
New York City, Fort James, 183 n
New York Historical Society, acknowledgment to, 314 n
Nicholas, Elizabeth. See Randolph
Nichols, Charles Lemuel, M.D., acknowledgment to, 109 n
Niebuhr, Karsten, quoted, on the “written mountains” of Wady Mukatteb, 268 n
Nigger ’Lection, 59
Ninigret, an Indian, 247 n
Non-Consumption Agreement, 1774. See Solemn League and Covenant
Non-Importation Agreement, 1774. See Solemn League and Covenant
North, Frederick, second Earl of Guilford, policy of, toward Irish Catholics, 202
Northampton Historical Society, 392
North Andover Historical Society, 394
Northend & Choate, 194
Northern Virginia Company, grants patent to the Pilgrims, 141
Northmen, inscription on Dighton Rock attributed to, by Rafn, 255
Norton, Francis, 174 n; member of fur trading companies, 174, 176
Norwood Historical Society, 392
Nottingham, Earl of. See Finch, Daniel
Nurse, Rebecca, Memorial Association, Danvers, 400
Oakes, Rev. Urian, President of Harvard College, 323 n, 325, 326, 326 n, 327, 370, 373; installation of, 314 n, 376; summary of his service to the College, 369; disagreement as to date of his death, 369, 369 n
Oates, Titus, 12
O’Connor, Arthur Condorcet, 3 n
O’Curry, Eugene, his manuscripts of historical poems, 201, 203
Odic force, 6
Old Colony Historical Society, Taunton, Indian headstone possessed by, 239 n; deed of sale of Assonet Neck, possessed by, 249
Old Colony song, 156
Old Concord Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, Concord, 401
Old Dartmouth Historical Society, New Bedford, 391
Old Essex Chapter, Sons of the American Revolution, Incorporated, Salem, 405
Oldham, John, 162
Old Planters Society, Salem, 400
Old South Historical Society, Boston, 389
Old Stoughton Musical Society, Stoughton, 400
Old Style. See Calendar
O’Leary, Rev. Arthur, mentioned in Gaelic poem of T. O’Meehan, 205; labors of, for Irish loyalty to British throne, 202, 205 n
O’Meehan, Thomas, Gaelic poem by, mentioning Washington and John Paul Jones, 27, 201–206; other poems by, 202
Oster, ——, French consul, guest of Washington, 54, 54 n
Our Forefathers’ Song, remarks upon, by A. Matthews, 156–158; text of, 158
Ouster. See Oster
Oxford, Charlton set off from, 302, 303–307
Oxford University, confers degrees on Harvard graduates, 210 n
Padua, University of, confers degrees on Harvard graduates, 210 n
Pageant of Cape Cod, Sandwich, 405
Pageant of Lexington, Incorporated, 406
Paine, Elijah, 361 n
—— John (d 1675), son of William (d 1660), 177; member of fur trading company, 183; sketch of, 183 n; his visit to the Hudson River region and negotiations with Gov. Lovelace, 184; grant of land and trading privileges to, 185–187; his journal of his expedition, 188–191; text of his petition for grant of land, 191
—— John, soldier, 1664, 183 n
—— William (d 1660), member of fur trading companies, 176, 177, 183; sketch of, 177 n
Paltsits, Victor Hugo, error of, pointed out, 183 n
Paper, made in Milton, 352
Park, Rev. Charles Edwards, A.B., communicates correspondence between Spain Lane Chapel, Boston, England, and First Church, Boston, Mass., 14; his paper on Forms of Worship in Colonial Congregational Churches, 78; presents Annual Report of Council, 97–99; elected Corresponding Secretary of the Society, 102
Parker, Rev. Henry Ainsworth, A.M., on Nominating Committee, 308
—— Richard, 183 n
Parker Family Association of America, Boston, 396
Parkman, Francis, quotation from, bearing on Indian summer, 129; cited, on Charles I, 164
Parsons, Rev. Jonathan, 221 n
Pattee, Fred Lewis, 126 n
Patterson, ——, an Englishman, guest of Washington, 51
Paul Revere Memorial Association, Boston, 399
Peabody, Rev. Andrew Preston, presides at Harvard Commencement, 373
Peake, William, guest of Washington, 40
Pearson, Rev. Eliphalet, 365 n, 367; presides at Harvard Commencement, 373
—— Richard, 261 n
Peirce, Benjamin (d 1831), quoted, concerning first Commencement at Harvard College and establishment of the Board of Overseers, 317
—— Ebenezer Weaver, 248; his interpretation of the word Assonet, 241 n; quoted, on connection of the Indians with Assonet Neck, 243
—— John, Pilgrim patent issued to, 141
Penn, John, benefactor of the Library Company of Philadelphia, 234
—— Thomas, benefactor of the Library Company of Philadelphia, 234
Pepys, Samuel, 70 n
Percy, Thomas, Bishop of Dromore, 269; volume of manuscripts of, presented to Harvard College Library, 231
Perrin, ——, guest of Washington, 34
Perry, Eli, 367 n
Peters (Peter), Rev. Hugh, Overseer of Harvard College, 320 n, 321 n
Pharmacopœia, new, published 1809, 55, 55 n
Philadelphia, Library Company of, catalogue of, printed by B. Franklin, exhibited, 233; organization of, 233; Du Simitière’s Inscriptions in America, owned by, 267 n
Philip, King, Indian, 245, 247 n, 248; deed of, 244
Philip’s War, King, 186, 187, 245; sale of lands for payment of debts occasioned by, 248
Phillips, John, Boston bookseller, 220 n
—— Rev. John (d 1660), 320
—— Stephen Willard, LL.B., 99; elected Resident Member, 77; accepts, 97
Philomusarian Club. See under Harvard College
Philosophical Transactions, contributions of C. Mather to, 260, 260 n, 261, 261 n; abridgments of, 261 n, 262 n
Phipps, Constantine, 88
Phips, Lt.-Gov. Spencer, 326 n
—— Gov. Sir William, honored at Harvard Commencement, 311 n
Photostat, usefulness of, 96
Pickell, John, 30 n
Pickering, Timothy, 121; toast in honor of, 66; remarks of, on the French government, 67
—— William, 233
Pierce, Rev. John (d 1849), 308
Pilgrim Society, Plymouth, beneficiary from publication of J. Davis’s edition of Morton’s Memorial, 25; sells copyright of, 26
Pilgrims in Holland and America, paper on the, by W. Warren, 130–152; beginning of the Separatist movement, 132; the church at Scrooby, 133; removal to Holland and life there, 134–140; emigration to America and settlement at Plymouth, 141–143; liberality and tolerant spirit, 144–148; treatment of Indians, 149; legislation and institutions, 149–152
Piowant, an Indian, owner of Assonet Neck, 247, 248
Pipestone quarry, Minnesota, Indian picture-writing at, 238 n
Pirates, provisions concerning, in treaty between James II and Louis XIV, 73. See also Larimore, Capt. Thomas; Quelch, John
Placentia, Newfoundland, in war between England and France, 86, 90, 91
Placing, system of, at Harvard College, 67
Plymouth, fire in, 1623, 14
—— First Church, negotiates with J. Davis, concerning republication of Morton’s New England’s Memorial, 17, 18, 20–25
—— Society of the Descendants of Pilgrim John Howland of the Ship Mayflower, 403
—— Society of the Descendants of Robert Bartlett of, 402
Plymouth Colony, character of the Pilgrim life in, 144–152; importance of fur trade to, 161, 162, 163; collision of, with Dutch in the Connecticut Valley, 162, 166; seizes Assonet Neck and other lands, 248; two seals possessed by, 249 n
—— General Court, reference to an order of, relating to Assonet Neck, 242
—— Laws of 1671, quoted, 140
Pococke, Richard, Bishop of Meath, 268 n
Pohick, Va., church, attended by Washington family, 39
Pope, Manner of burning the, in Effigies, tract issued 1678, 12
Pope Night, tract on ceremonies of, exhibited, 12–14; references on, 12 n; celebrations of, in the United States, 14
Port Royal, Jamaica, fire at, 1703, 90
Porter, ——, 45
Porter, Rev. Samuel (d 1758), 82; sketch of, 83
Portsmouth, N. H., Committee of Correspondence, action of, on Boston Port Bill and the Solemn League and Covenant, 119
Potomac Company, Washington’s account of attending meetings of Directors of, 29, 30, 49; presents thanks to President and Directors, 34
Povey, Lt.-Gov. Thomas, 376 n
Powell, ——, guest of Washington, 51
Prence. See Prince
Pretender, the Young. See Charles Edward Louis Philip Casimir
Price, Walter, 176
Priest, Degory, 137
Prince, Rev. Nathan, brother of Rev. Thomas (d 1758), defends himself against charge of immorality, 335 n; named by Harvard Corporation to assist in conducting Commencement, 1737, but this vote disallowed by Overseers, 372
—— Thomas, Governor of Plymouth Colony, attitude of, toward R. Williams, 146
—— Rev. Thomas (d 1758), 410; quoted, on earthquakes and lightning rods, 7; note on his sermons on earthquakes, 7 n; controversy of, with Professor Winthrop, 7 n
Pring, Martin, 161
Printz, Johan, Governor of New Sweden, his treatment of adventurers from Massachusetts, 175
Privateers, in war between England and France, 1702, 85
Prizes of war, taken by Capt. T. Larimore, 85
Proprietors of Massachusetts townships, S. E. Morison reads paper on, 69
Prudence Island, anecdote concerning, 183 n
Putnam, George G., quoted, on A. C. Goodell, 200
—— Rufus, Memorial Association, Rut land, 396
Puységur, Armand Marie Jacques de Chastenet, Marquis de, his discovery of magnetic somnambulism, 5
Pynchon, Capt. John, connection of, with the fur trade, 176, 177, 178, 186
—— William, success of, at Springfield, 167, 167 n
Quakers, influence of, on Pilgrims, 138; controversy concerning, in New England colonies, 146, 147, 148
Quasi-historical societies organized in Massachusetts, 1901–1915, list of, by A. McF. Davis, 385–406; definition of, 386–388
—— Alden Kindred of America, Incorporated, Boston, 398
—— American Flag League, Boston, 404
—— American Society, Boston, 403
—— Attleboro Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, 402
—— Bates Association, Incorporated, Boston, 404
—— Bay State Historical League, 397
—— Bemis Memorial Park Association, Spencer, 396
—— Bradford Academy Historical Society, Haverhill, 399
—— Bullard Memorial Farm Association, Holliston, 401
—— Candia Club, Boston, 401
—— Cary House Association, Chelsea, 405
—— Colonel Timothy Bigelow Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Worcester, 405
—— Dedham Carnival Association, 400
—— Dom Polski Tweinia Krula Wladyslowa Jagielly Co, Chicopee, 402
—— East Templeton Village Improvement Society, 396
—— Fairbanks Family in America, Dedham, 397
—— Ferry-Ferre, Ferét Family Historical Association, Boston, 404
—— Framingham Boys Club Association, 400
—— Friday Club of Everett, 398
—— Gaylord Memorial Library Association, South Hadley, 396
—— German-American Alliance of Boston and Vicinity, 402
—— Girls Progressive Club, Fall River, 401
—— Gloucester Day Committee, Incorporated, 402
—— Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England, Boston, 398
—— Greek-American Club of Boston, 405
—— Greek-American Historical Association, Lowell, 401
—— Hebrew Institute, Boston, 404
—— Henryk Dabrowski Society, New Bedford, 405
—— Hyde Park Carnival Association, 399
—— Jewett Family of America, Rowley, 403
—— John Bean Association of America, Boston, 401
—— John White Association, Boston, 406
—— Ladies Auxiliary of Gloucester Day Committee, Incorporated, 406
—— Lincoln Gettysburg Memorial Association, Boston, 405
—— Linsey Family Association of America, Boston, 403
—— Lovewell’s Fight Memorial Association, Boston, 397
—— Lynn Republican Club, 396
—— Marathon Social and Literary Association, Worcester, 406
—— Massachusetts Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, Boston, 399
—— Mattapoisett Improvement Association, 398
—— Merrimac Town Improvement Society, 401
—— Molly Varnum Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution, Lowell, 399
—— Nautical Society, Scituate, 397
—— New England History Teachers’ Association, Boston, 403
—— Old Concord Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, Concord, 401
—— Old Essex Chapter, Sons of the American Revolution, Incorporated, Salem, 405
—— Old Planters Society, Salem, 400
—— Old Stoughton Musical Society, Stoughton, 400
—— Pageant of Cape Cod, Sandwich, 405
—— Pageant of Lexington, Incorporated, 406
—— Parker Family Association of America, Boston, 396
—— Paul Revere Memorial Association, Boston, 399
—— Quincy Fourth of July Association, 404
—— Ramapogue Historical Society, West Springfield, 397
—— Randall Historical Association, Boston, 400
—— Reade Society, Boston, 405
—— Rebecca Nurse Memorial Association, Danvers, 400
—— Robinson Genealogical Society, Taunton, 399
—— Roger Conant Family, Boston, 404
—— Roxbury Hebrew Free School Association, Boston, 404
—— Royal House Association, Medford, 398
—— Rufus Putnam Memorial Association, Rutland, 396
—— Scottish Historical Society of North America, Boston, 403
—— Sea Coast Defense Chapter Daughters of American Revolution Historical Association, Tisbury, 397
—— Shedd Family of America, Billerica, 406
—— Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities, Boston, 402
—— Society of the Descendants of Pilgrim John Howland of the Ship Mayflower, Plymouth, 403
—— Society of the Descendants of Robert Bartlett of Plymouth, Massachusetts, Plymouth, 402
—— Somerville Pageant Association, 406
—— Sons and Daughters of Kittery, Incorporated, Boston, 406
—— State of Maine Club, Boston, 398
—— Stetson Kindred of America, Incorporated, Boston, 398
—— Submit Clark Corporation, Easthampton, 400
—— Tower Genealogical Society, Boston, 401
—— Turnverein Vorwarts of Adams, 396
—— Unity Club of Nantucket, 396
—— Vermont Association of Boston, 398
—— Western Club of Boston, 399
—— Westport Public Library Association, 402
—— Wing Family of America, Incorporated, Boston, 397
—— Winthrop Improvement and Historical Association, 400
—— Womans Club of Greenfield, Massachusetts, 403
—— Woods Hole Public Library, 403. See also Historical societies
Quebec, Canada, 90; capture of, in 1759, 74; in 1629, 164
Quincy, Edmund (d 1877), son of Josiah, 317 n
—— Josiah, President of Harvard College, error in his History of Harvard University, 318 n
Quincy Fourth of July Association, 404
Rafn, Carl Christian, 241 n, 254 n, 256; quoted, on Danforth’s drawing of Dighton Rock, 254 n; attributes inscription on Dighton Rock to Norsemen, 255; drawings of, gathered by, 257
Ramapogue Historical Society, West Springfield, 397
Rand, Benjamin, 271 n
Randall Historical Association, Boston, 400
Randolph, Mrs. ——, and family, guests of Washington, 42, 43
—— Edmund (d 1813), guest of Washington, 45; marriage of, 45 n
—— Sec. Edward, describes Harvard’s New College, and the Commencement exercises, 374, 375 n
—— Elizabeth (Nicholas), wife of Edmund, guest of Washington, 45
—— Robert, guest of Washington, 31, 32
Ratcliffe, Rev. Robert, attends Harvard Commencement, 376
Rawlins. See Rollins
Raynor, Rev. John, 143
Read, Charles French, 102
—— Stacey, 65
Reade Society, Boston, 405
Rebecca Nurse Memorial Association, Danvers, 400
Reichenbach, Carl, Freiherr von (d 1869), his doctrine of odic force, 6
Reid, William Bernard, 102
Revere, Paul, Memorial Association, Boston, 399
Reynolds, ——, 29
Rhode Island Historical Society, committee of, procures drawing of the inscription on Dighton Rock, 258 n
Rice, Caleb, 83
—— Rev. Caleb (H. C. 1730), son of Caleb, 82; sketch of, 83
—— Mary (Ward), wife of Caleb, 83
Richards, John (d 1694), 371; member of fur trading company, 176, 179, 180
Richelieu, Duke of, 79
Robbins, Rev. Chandler (d 1799), son of Rev. Philemon, 78
—— Nathaniel, 83
—— Rev. Philemon, son of Nathaniel, diary of, exhibited, 78; member of Philomusarian Club, Harvard College, 80, 82; sketch of, 82
Robertson. See Robinson
Robinson, ——, former tenant of lands leased by Washington, 38, 42, 53, 54
—— Fred Norris, Ph.D., 63; speaks of Gaelic poem by T. O’Meehan, mentioning Washington and John Paul Jones, 27; communicates A Second Song by Thomas O’Meehan relating to Washington, 201–206
—— Rev. John (d 1625), 135, 137, 142; a founder of the Separatist church at Scrooby, 133; eminent in Leyden, 138; his liberality, 138, 141, 144; grave, 139; dwelling-place marked, 140; death, 142
Robinson Genealogical Society, Taunton, 399
Rock-man, Constant, pseudonym, 225; proved to have been used by S. Mather, 225 n–226 n
Roger Conant Family, Boston, 404
Rogers, Col. ——, and wife, guests of Washington, 37, 38
—— Rev. Daniel (H. C. 1725; d 1782), son of Daniel (H. C. 1686), 310, 310 n
—— Rev. Daniel (H. C. 1725; d 1785), son of Rev. John (H. C. 1684), 310, 310 n
—— John, President of Harvard College, son of Rev. Nathaniel (d 1655), 369 n; with others, addresses letter to I. Mather, concerning date of Commencement, 1684, 329; election and inauguration of, 371, 371 n
—— John (H. C. 1728), 310
—— Rev. John (H. C. 1732), son of Rev. John (H. C. 1705), 310
—— Rev. Nathaniel (d 1655), 326 n, 375
—— Samuel (H. C. 1725), son of Rev. John (H. C. 1684), 310
Rollins, ——, does work for Washington, 35, 37
Rowe, John, quoted, on the Boston Committee of Correspondence, 116
Rowley, Jewett Family of America, 403
Roxbury Hebrew Free School Association, Boston, 404
Roxbury Historical Society, 389
Royal Academy of Sciences, Franklin presents paper to, 2
Royal House Association, Medford, 398
Royal Society, v; discusses lightning conductors, 4; C. Mather sends drawing of Dighton Rock to, 257; composes series of letters for, in which he mentions the Rock, 260–263, 200 n–262 n; new copy of the Dighton inscription requested and received, 280, 281, 282, 298; failure to publish and probable reason, 294, 294 n, 295
Rozer, ——, guest of Washington, 41
Rufus Putnam Memorial Association, Rutland, 396
Ruggles, Charles A., acknowledgment to, 367 n
Rumsey, James (d 1792), brings charges against manager of the Potomac Company, 49; guest of Washington, 51
Russell, Capt Nathaniel, 21, 22
—— Rev. Noadiah (d 1713), 328, 330, 371 n; quoted, on Harvard Commencement, 327; errors in printing his Diary, 327 n; note from his Diary concerning his Almanack, 1684, 330 n; catalogues double books in Harvard College Library, 1682, 408
Rutland, Rufus Putnam Memorial Association, 396
Sabin, Joseph, references to his bibliography, 220, 221, 221 n, 222 n
St. Christopher, Island of, West Indies, rights of French and English in, as fixed by treaty, 1686, 73
Salem, action of, regarding the Solemn League and Covenant, 1774, 120
—— Old Essex Chapter, Sons of the American Revolution, Incorporated, 405
—— Old Planters Society, 400
Salem, N. J., 168
Salem and South Danvers Street Railway Company, 196
Salisbury, Sylvester, 188, 191
Saltonstall, Gurdon, Governor of Connecticut, letter of C. Mather to, 208
—— Henry (H. C. 1642), son of Sir Richard, 309 n; receives degree from University of Padua, 210 n
—— Sir Richard, 309 n
—— Richard (d 1694), son of Sir Richard, member of a trading company, formed 1645, 176
Sanborn, Franklin Benjamin, 130 n
Sandeman, Robert (d 1771), S. Mather’s Modest Account, in reply to, 225
Sandwich, Pageant of Cape Cod, a quasi-historical society, 405
Sandwich Historical Society, 393
Sanford, ——, and wife, 47
Saunchem, a word used in Danforth’s documents concerning Dighton Rock, 250, 278, 291, 293
Savage, James, 319
—— Capt. Thomas (d 1682), 176
Scituate, Nautical Historical Society, 397
Scott, Capt. ——, 292 n
—— Edward John Long, his Index to the Sloane Manuscripts, 277, 283
Scottish Historical Society of North America, Boston, 403
Scrooby, Eng., Separatist church of, 133
Sea Captain, A, sends poem in honor of Washington to the Massachusetts Mercury, 62 n
Sea Coast Defense Chapter Daughters of American Revolution Historical Association, Tisbury, 397
Seager, Charles, his drawings of Dighton Rock, 254, 255 n
Sedgwick, Robert (d 1656), 173, 174 n
Separatist churches in England and Holland, 132
Sequel of Commencement, The, poem published in 1727, 338 n
Sever, Rev. Nicholas (H. C. 1701), presides at Harvard Commencement, 372, 373
Sewall, Rev. Joseph, son of Judge Samuel, 214; receives degree from Glasgow University, 211, 212, 213; his graduation at Harvard College, 376 n
—— Judge Samuel, 323 n, 326, 327, 329 n, 335, 335 n, 375; his reference to Dighton Rock, 259; his belief concerning the lost tribes of Israel, 259, 260; quoted, on Harvard Commencements, 311 n, 312 n, 372, 376, 376 n; careless printing of his Diary, 327 n; quoted, on presentation of a grace-cup, at Harvard Commencement, in behalf of W. Stoughton, 330
—— Stephen, brother of Judge Samuel, 312 n
—— Stephen (H. C. 1761), 258 n; copies inscription of Dighton Rock, 294
Sharon Historical Society, 391
Sharp, ——, business dealings of, with Washington, 37
Shaw, George, 261 n
—— William, leaves position as Washington’s secretary, 33, 33 n; visits at Mount Vernon before sailing for West Indies, 36
Shedd Family of America, Billerica, 406
Shepard, Rev. Thomas (d 1649), Overseer of Harvard College, 320 n, 321 n
Sherborn Historical Society, 394
Sherman, Rev. John, 370 n; appointed to preside at Harvard Commencement, but unable to do so, 370
Ships: Boyne, 91; Dreadnought, 87; Gosport, carries Massachusetts troops to Jamaica, 1703, 84, 88, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92; Mayflower, 403; sailing of, 142; Seaflower, 92; Speedwell, 141, 142; Virginian, trip of, from Liverpool to New York, 1834, 78 n; Wolfe, 85
Shirley, Gov. William, 305; attitude of, on incorporation of towns, 306; brings Mohawk chiefs to Harvard Commencement, 341 n
Shove, George A., criticizes C. Mather’s drawing of inscription on Dighton Rock, 263 n
Shrewsbury Historical Society, 390
Sibley, Rev. John Langdon, 315; quoted, on finding a Harvard Triennial Catalogue for 1715, 313 n; on first Harvard Commencement, 317, 317 n; error of, 326 n
Sieyès, Emmanuel Joseph, Comte, possible influence of Franklin upon, 3
Sigourney, Charles, 128
—— Lydia (Huntley), wife of Charles, 128 n; her poem The Indian Summer quoted, 126–128; sketch of, 128
Simms, Col. Charles, 47; guest of Washington, 28, 28 n, 43, 45
Simpson, Gilbert, 34
Singleton, Capt. ——, guest of Washington, 42, 43
Sir, use of this title at Harvard College, 309, 309 n
Slaves, provisions concerning, in lease taken by Washington, 42; treatment of, by Washington, 51
Small-pox, pamphlets on, by S. Mather, 223, 223 n; by W. Douglass, 223 n; by J. Jurin, 223 n; causes changes in plans for Harvard Commencement, 1721, 331; 1752, 344; 1764, 349–351; 1777, 355
Smibert, Allison, daughter of John, 273 n
—— John (d 1751), makes drawing of Dighton Rock, 266, 271–274; family of, 272–274, 272 n; believes North American Indians related to Tartars, 274; death of, 272 n
—— Nathaniel, son of John, 273; birth and death of, 273 n
—— Williams, son of John, 272, 273; birth and death of, 273 n
Smith, ——, lawyer, employed by Washington, 34
—— John (d 1612), gathers church near Scrooby and later migrates to Holland, 132; quarrels with other Separatists at Amsterdam, 136
—— Capt. John (d 1631), 164; attracted to New England by fisheries and fur trade, 161
—— John, member of Worcester Committee of Correspondence, 113
—— John Edward, 279 n
—— Rev. Peter Thacher, ordination of, 219 n
—— Rev. Ralph, 143
Snickers, ——, wins Jockey Club race, at Alexandria, 51
Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities, Boston, 402
Society of Antiquaries, London, v; receives copy of I. Greenwood’s letter concerning Dighton Rock, 276, 278, 282, 293; failure to publish and probable reason, 294, 294 n, 295
Society of the Descendants of Pilgrim John Howland of the Ship Mayflower, Plymouth, 403
Society of the Descendants of Robert Bartlett of Plymouth, Massachusetts, 402
Solemn League and Covenant, 1774, copy of, circulated in Westford and signed by 207 citizens, exhibited, 103; the covenant a retaliatory measure, following the Boston Port Bill, 103–106; two forms of, one issued in Boston, one in Worcester, 107–109; vote upon and list of signers in Westford, 109–111; opposition to the Boston form, as too severe, 112–114, 116; formal protests against, 117; single contemporary allusion found to Worcester form, 118; consideration of the covenant in various towns, 118–121; misapprehension as to origin of the document, and its recep ion, 121–122
Somerset, Henry Charles, sixth Duke of Beaufort and Marquis of Worcester, 79
Somerville Pageant Association, 406
Sons and Daughters of Kittery, Incorporated, Boston, 406
Sophy Manor, N. Y., 183 n
South Carolina Regiment, Third, 76
South Hadley, Gaylord Memorial Library Association, 396
Southwick, Solomon, 23
Southworth, Constant, 249 n
Sparhawk, Rev. John, 82; sketch of, 83
Sparks, Rev. Jared, President of Harvard College, treatment of Franklin’s scientific labors, in edition of his Works, 60; inauguration of, 367
Spencer, Bemis Memorial Park Association, 396
Spooner, Ephraim, 21, 22; letter of B. Waterhouse to, 157
Sprig, ——, guest of Washington, 29
—— Richard, guest of Washington, 29, 29 n
Springfield, settled for commercial reasons, 162, 167
—— Ferry-Ferre, Ferét Family Historical Association, 404
Squier, Ephraim George, 238 n; quoted, on Indian picture-writing, 239 n
Standish, Myles (d 1656), 149; not at Scrooby, 134; with Pilgrims in Holland, 137; the claim that he was a Roman Catholic, 137; influence of, 152; commands forces against Indians, 246 n, 247 n
Starkey, George. See Stirk, George
State of Maine Club, Boston, 398
Stetson, Robert, 398
Stetson Kindred of America, Incorporated, Boston, 398
Stevens, John Austin, statement of regarding Dutch title to New Netherland, questioned, 182 n
Steverson, Cornelius, 188, 191
Stewart, Richardson, manager of the Potomac Company, 50
Stiles, Rev. Ezra, President of Yale College, 217, 267 n, 274, 295, 312 n; quoted, on Constant Rock-man, 226 n; discovers additional inscription on Dighton Rock, 239 n; his belief in Oriental origin of the Rock, 260, 269 n, 291, 294; his copy of the broadside of C. Mather’s account of it, 264; his visit to it, 269
Stirk, George (H. C. 1646), 210 n
Stirling, John, Principal of Glasgow University, 384 n; letter of C. Mather to, 1724, 384–385
Stirling, Earl of. See Alexander, Sir William
Stith, ——, guest of Washington, 52
Stoddard, Esther (Warham) Mather, wife of Rev. Soloman, 335 n
—— Rev. Solomon (H. C. 1662), 335 n; preaches against excess at Harvard Commencements, 335
Storer, Ebenezer (H. C. 1747), 365 n
Stoughton, Israel (d 1644), Overseer of Harvard College, 320 n, 321 n
—— Lt.-Gov. William, son of Israel (d 1644), 323 n; receives degree from Oxford University, 210 n; grace-cup presented in behalf of, at Harvard Commencement, 330
Stoughton, Old Stoughton Musical Society, 400
Stoughton Historical Society, 391
Strong, Gov. Caleb, 365 n
Stuart, Dr. David, guest of Washington, 34, 47, 48, 52; marriage of, 47 n
—— Eleanor (Calvert) Custis, wife of Dr. David, 47 n; guest of Washington, 47, 48, 52
—— Richardson. See Stewart
Sturgis, Richard Clipston, A.B., 102; elected Resident Member, 308
Stuyvesant, Peter, Governor of New Netherland, dealings of, with New England fur traders, 167 n, 171, 178, 179, 180, 182, 183 n
Submit Clark Corporation, Easthampton, 400
Summer, use of the term in tropical countries, 124
Sumner, Charles, reference to his discussion of Turgot’s epigram on Franklin, 3 n
Surinam, celebrations of Washington’s birthday at, 62
Sutton, form of Solemn League and Covenant adopted by, 115
Swampscott Historical Society, 391
Swedish settlements on the Delaware, 167, 168, 175
Swift, Lindsay, A.B., his paper on the Use of Manuscripts in Public and Quasi-public Institutions, 153–156
Sydserfe, Walter, benefactor of the Library Company of Philadelphia, 234
Symonds, Samuel, 176
Tailer, Lt.-Gov. William, 212 n; death of, 212 n
Talbot, ——, 79
Talman, Charles Fitzhugh, quoted, on Indian summer, 124
Tartars, believed by J. Smibert to be related to North American Indians, 275
Taunton, early use of meadows near, must have given knowledge of Dighton Rock, 241–243, 245
—— Lincoln Historical and Genealogical Association, 392
—— Robinson Genealogical Society, 399
Taunton River, meadows of, near Dighton Rock, 241; formation of, 248 n; legend of the “wooden house swimming up the river,” 251, 289, 291; Indian name of, 289 n
Tecticutt. See Tetiquet
Temple, Sir Thomas, Governor of Acadia, his fur trade monopoly, 178
Tenney, Mary Alice, 103 n
Terminus, god of boundaries, 64
Tetiquet, sachem of, 244 n; Indian name of Taunton River, 289 n
Thacher, Dr. James, on committees connected with republication of Morton’s Memorial, 18, 21, 22, 25, 26
—— Mary, 256 n
—— Rev. Peter, of Milton (d 1727), C. Mather publishes sermon on death of, 221
—— Rev. Peter (H. C. 1769), 365 n
Thackeray, William Makepeace, 341 n
Thaxter, Dr. Robert, 67
Thayer, Ezra Ripley, LL.D., death of, announced, 99
—— William Roscoe, Litt.D., 317; reads paper on John Hay, 27
Thomas, Isaiah (d 1831), 109 n, 115, 158, 228 n, 409; his statement of “first thing ever printed in Worcester,” 114 n
—— Joshua, 18
Thomson, Col. William, orderly book of, 1775–1778, exhibited, 76
Thornton, Mildred. See Washington
—— Presley, guest of Washington, 52; sketch of, 52 n
Thorowgood, Thomas, views of, concerning the ten lost tribes of Israel, 259
Throat distemper, causes postponement of Harvard Commencement, 343
Thynne, Thomas, first Marquis of Bath (d 1796), reference to his library, 70 n
Tiberius Claudius Nero, Roman Emperor, 3
Tillinghast, William Hopkins (d 1913), 68
Tisbury, Sea Coast Defense Chapter Daughters of American Revolution Historical Association, 397
Titicut. See Tetiquet
Titus, Rev. Anson, Jr., 302 n
Toasts, lists of, at Washington’s birthday celebrations at Harvard College, 64, 66
Tompson, Rev. William, 319
Topsfield Historical Society, 394
Tower Genealogical Society, Boston, 401
Townsend, Shippie, pamphlet attributed to, 225 n
Townshend, Charles, second Viscount Townshend, 341 n
—— Admiral George (d 1769), son of Charles, attends Harvard Commencement, 341 n
Triplet, William, negotiations of, with Washington, concerning renting and sale of lands, 38, 39, 42, 44, 47, 53, 54
Trow, ——, guest of Washington, 45
Trowbridge, John, S.D., his paper on Franklin as a Scientist, 1–12; reads letter of Washington, 27; on Nominaing Committee, 308
Trumbull, James Hammond, 248 n; quoted, on use of word hassun, 241 n
—— John (d 1843), occupies studio of J. Smibert, 247 n
Tucker, ——, and wife, guests of Washington, 47, 48
Turell, Rev. Ebenezer, 79, 221 n
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, Baron d’Aulne, his epigram on Franklin, 2, 2 n, 3, 3 n
Turner, Frederick Jackson, LL.D., 1, 27, 77, 97, 153, 230, 308; elected President of the Society, 102; appointed delegate to Conference of Historical Societies, 103
—— Capt. Nathaniel, 168
Turnverein Vorwarts of Adams, 396
Tuscany, Grand Duke of, 275
Tuttle, Julius Herbert, 114, 409; speaks on early clubs and societies at Harvard College, 79–84; on Nominating Committee, 308
Tyler, Harry Walter, 102
Tyng, Dudley Atkins, 361 n
Uncas, an Indian, 246 n, 247 n
Union, plan for, among the New England colonies, 1642, mentioned by J. Winthrop, 320
Unitarian Historical Society, Boston, 388
Unitarianism, division caused by, at Harvard College, 77
United Commissioners. See New England Confederation
United States, Congress of, toast in honor of, 64, 64 n
Unity Club of Nantucket, 396
Universities, European, degrees conferred by, on Harvard graduates, 210, 210 n
Ussamequin, an Indian, 244
Utrecht, University of, confers degree on Harvard graduate, 210 n
Vallancey, Col. Charles, references to his theories concerning Dighton Rock, 260, 267, 269, 269 n, 291
Valnais, Joseph Dupas de, honorary degree conferred on, by Harvard College, 357
Van Rensselaer, Richard, 188
Varkens Kill (Salem, N. J.), settlement at, 168
Varnum, Molly, Chapter Daughters of the American Revolution, Lowell, 399
Vermont Association of Boston, 398
Vesey, Rev. William (H. C. 1693), receives degree from Oxford University, 210 n
Viall, Benjamin, son of Samuel, 82; sketch of, 83, 83 n
—— John, 83
—— Samuel (d 1745), son of John, 83
—— Susannah (Flint), wife of Samuel, 83
Villers (Villa, Villan, Viller), Rev. John, incorrectly named as recipient of I. Greenwood’s letters concerning Dighton Rock, 276, 279, 279 n, 282, 282 n; duplicate letter probably given to, 293, 294
Virginius, toast in honor of, 66
Wadsworth, Rev. Benjamin, President of Harvard College, references to his Diary and other records, 83 n, 211, 314, 314 n, 328
—— John (H. C. 1762), 369 n
Wady Mukatteb, Arabia, “written mountains” of, 268 n
Wages, paid by Washington, 32, 33
Wainwright, John (H. C. 1711), narrowly escapes loss of Harvard degree, 341 n
Wakefield Historical Society, 387
Wales, Frank O., 300 n
Walker, Benjamin, 271 n
—— Hannah, daughter of James. See Jones
—— Rear-Admiral Sir Hovenden, attends Harvard Commencement, 341 n
—— James (d 1691), of Taunton, one of the owners of Dighton Rock, 286 n
Waller, Richard, Secretary of the Royal Society, letters of C. Mather addressed to, 260, 260 n, 261 n
Walpole, Horace, fourth Earl of Orford, son of Sir Robert, 3; cited, concerning J. Smibert, 272 n
—— Sir Robert, first Earl of Orford, 341 n
Waltham Historical Society, Incorporated, 395
Wampanoag Indians. See Indians
Ward, James (H. C. 1645), receives degree from Oxford University, 210 n
—— Mary. See Rice
Ware, Rev. Henry (d 1845), elected professor at Harvard College, 77, 77 n; presides at Commencement, 373
—— Horace Everett, A.B., his notes on the term Indian summer, 123–128
Warren, Rev. John (H. C. 1725), 212 n
—— Gen. Joseph, reports the Solemn League and Covenant, 104
—— Richard (d c 1696), not at Scrooby, 134; nor at Leyden, 137
—— Hon. Winslow, LL.B., 98; elected Resident Member, 27; accepts, 69; his paper, The Pilgrims in Holland and America, 130–152; on Auditing Committee, 308
Warren, R. I., George Haile Free Library, Indian relics possessed by, 239 n
Washington, Charles, brother of George, 29 n; marriage of, 52 n
—— Elizabeth (Foote), wife of Lund, 29, 48
—— Frances (Bassett), wife of George Augustine, mentioned as a member of Washington’s family, 29, 29 n, 33, 49, 51, 52, 53
—— George, attitude of, on mesmerism, 5; letter of, read, accepting fellowship in American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 27; mentioned in Gaelic poem by T. O’Meehan, 27, 201–206; Diary of, 1786, communicated by W. C. Ford, 27; text of Diary, recording chiefly the weather, farming operations, visits and visitors, at Mount Vernon, 28–54; attends meetings of Directors of the Potomac Company, 29, 30, 49; records survey of meadow, with reference to improving drainage, 30–31, 33; terms made with ditchers, 32; buys and leases land, 38, 39, 42, 47; treatment of slaves, 51; sets up brick-kiln, 54; remarks by A. Matthews, on celebrations of birthday of, at Harvard College, 62–68; Irish child named for, 63; toasts in honor of, 64, 66; degree given to, by Harvard College, 207 n
—— George Augustine, son of Charles, mentioned as a member of Washington’s family, 29, 33, 39, 40, 41, 43, 49, 51, 52, 53; marriage of, 29 n
—— George Steptoe, son of Samuel, 28 n, 47, 47 n, 48
—— Harriott, daughter of Samuel, 47 n; guest at Mount Vernon, 28, 36
—— John Augustine, brother of George, 50, 51
—— Lawrence, son of Samuel, 47, 47 n
—— Lund, visits to and from, 29, 38, 39, 47, 48, 49, 50
—— Martha (Dandridge) Custis, wife of George, 49
—— Mildred (Thornton), wife of Charles, 52 n
—— Samuel, brother of George, 47 n
Waterhouse, Dr. Benjamin (d 1846), letter of, 157
Watson, William, Ph.D., bequest of, to the Society, 98; death of, announced, 99
Watts, Rev. Isaac, 283 n; book in Harvard College Library presented by, to S. Mather, 223 n
Webb, Nathan, 55 n
—— Dr. Thomas Hopkins, quoted, on Danforth’s drawing of Dighton Rock, 254 n
Webber, Rev. Samuel, President of Harvard College, election of, 77, 77 n
Weeden, William Babcock, cited on Dutch fur trade, 166 n
Weetamoe. See Wetamo
Welch, Capt. John, 92
Weld (Welde), Rev. Thomas (d 1662), Overseer of Harvard College, 320 n, 321 n
—— Rev. Thomas (H. C. 1671), 314 n
—— Thomas (H. C. 1701), son of Rev. Thomas (H. C. 1671), 314 n
Wells, Joseph, 92
Wendell, Oliver (d 1818), 365 n
—— Rebecca. See Bowes
West India Company. See Dutch West India Company
Western Club of Boston, 399
Western Hampden Historical Society, Westfield, 393
Westfield, Western Hampden Historical Society, 393
Westford, Solemn League and Covenant, 1774, signed by 207 citizens of, exhibited, 103; vote of town to sign the covenant, 109; list of signers, 110
Westminster, note on form of Solemn League and Covenant adopted by, 111 n
Westport Public Library Association, 402
West Springfield, Old Day Place, 397
—— Ramapogue Historical Society, 397
Weymouth, George, 161
Wheelwright, Rev. John, 174 n
Whetstone, Rear-Admiral Sir William, 90
Whitehaven, Eng., seizure of, 202
Whiting, Rev. Samuel, oration of, at Harvard College, 1649, 322, 323 n, 375
Whitney, David Rice, A.M., death of, announced, 99
—— Peter, date given for incorporation of Charlton in his History of the County of Worcester, 302, 305
Wigglesworth, Rev. Edward (H. C. 1710), son of Rev. Michael, receives degree from University of Edinburgh, 210 n
—— Rev. Edward (H. C. 1749), son of Rev. Edward (H. C. 1710), presides at Harvard Commencement, 1781, 362, 362 n, 363 n, 373
—— Rev. Michael (H. C. 1651), 325
Wilberforce, Ven. Basil, Archdeacon of Westminster, letter from, quoted, 279 n
Willard, Rev. Joseph, President of Harvard College, 67, 365 n; gives reasons for refusing private Commencement, 1787, 364
—— Rev. Samuel, Vice-President of Harvard College, his term of office, 368 n; his controversy with G. Keith, 377 n
Williams, Rev. Roger, preaches at Plymouth, 143, 144; his character and beliefs, 145
Williamson, Sir Joseph (d 1701), newsletters of, 69–71, 70 n; portrait of, exhibited, 71
Willing, Morris & Swanwick, 35
Willis, Nathaniel Parker, calls on Lady Blessington, 79, 79 n
—— Richard, Bishop of Winchester, 279 n
Wilson, Benjamin, opinion of, on lightning conductors, 4
—— Sir Daniel (d 1892), quoted, on Danforth’s drawing of Dighton Rock, 254 n
—— Rev. John (d 1667), Overseer of Harvard College, 320 n, 321 n
Windham, William (d 1810), 5
Windship, Amos (H. C. 1771), 339 n
Wing Family of America, Incorporated, Boston, 397
Winship, George Parker, A.M., elected Resident Member, 103; accepts, 153
Winslow, Edward (d 1655), Governor of Plymouth Colony, 149, 171; not at Scrooby, 134; joins the Pilgrims in Holland, 137; reasons of, for leaving Holland, 140; influence of, 152; trading ventures of, 163; petition of, for displanting French and Dutch in America, 163; visit of, to Massasoit, 244; quoted, on Indian troubles, 247 n
—— Josiah (d 1680), Governor of Plymouth Colony, son of Gov. Edward, 249 n
Winsor, Justin, 257; error of, regarding the Solemn League and Covenant, 1774, 121
Winter, use of the term in tropical countries, 124
Winthrop, Gov. John (d 1649), 174, 317; deed of estate of, exhibited, 76; cited, on fur trade, 166 n, 173; discovery of his letter of introduction given to the Massachusetts Delaware Company, 174; entries in his History of New England, for September, 1642, and their errors in dates, 319–321; his account of Harvard Commencement, 1642, 319, 320, 321 n, 374, 374 n; second volume of original manuscript of his History burned, 319 n; Overseer of Harvard College, 320 n, 321 n
—— John, Jr. (d 1676), Governor of Connecticut, son of Gov. John (d 1649), interested in mining, 177 n
—— John (d 1779), 270, 294 n, 369 n; accepts Franklin’s ideas concerning lightning rods, 7; quoted, 8; his estimate of the power of electricity, 9; presides at Commencement, 373
—— Robert Charles (d 1894), quoted, on first Harvard Commencement, 317
Winthrop Improvement and Historical Association, 400
Wisconsin, State Historical Society of, acknowledgment to, 314 n
Witchcraft, treatment of, in Plymouth Colony, 150; A. C. Goodell’s interest in, 198, 200
Wolcott, Gov. Roger, promotes renewal of publication of Massachusetts Province Laws, 199
Wolfe, Gen. James, 74
Womans Club of Greenfield, Massachusetts, 403
Woodbridge, Rev. Benjamin (H. C. 1642), receives degree from Oxford University, 210 n
Wooden house, swimming up Taunton River, legend of, 251, 289, 291
Woods, Henry Ernest, A.M., on Nominating Committee, 77
Woods Hole Public Library, 403
Woodward, John, 266; letters of C. Mather addressed to, 260, 260 n
Worcester, Marquis of. See Somerset, Henry Charles
Worcester, Committee of Correspondence appointed, 113; action of, regarding the Solemn League and Covenant, 113–114, 113 n, 115; first thing printed in, 114 n
—— Colonel Timothy Bigelow Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, 405
—— Marathon Social and Literary Association, 406
Worcester County, Whitney’s History of, 302
Wright, Carroll Davidson, reference to his report as Commissioner of Public Records, 301
Written mountains, of Wady Mukatteb, Arabia, 268 n
Yale, David, 209; date of his receiving degree of A.M. from Yale College, 207, 208
Yale College, its records of degrees granted to D. Yale and to S. Mather, 206–209; Catalogues of, how compiled, 207, 207 n, 208 n
—— Commencement, news of, promised by New England Weekly Journal, 339
—— Library, v; broadside of C. Mather’s account of Dighton Rock (bound into E. Stiles’s Itinerary) owned by, 264
York, Duke of, 74; claims of, in New York, 183 n, 184. See also James II
Young, Rev. Alexander, 18 n, 20
—— William, 114, 114 n; member of Worcester Committee of Correspondence, 113
Zaphnath Poaneah, 261
Zionism, 404
1 Read but not printed
2 Read but not printed
3 Read but not printed
4 Mr. Gay died in office, 3 March, 1916
5 The title reads:
Éloge de M. Franklin, Lu à la séance publique de l’Académie des Sciences, le 13 Nov. 1790. Eripuit cœlo fulmen, mox sceptra Tyrannis. Turgot, 1775. A Paris, . . . 1791.
At a meeting of the American Academy held February 29, 1792, the gift of the Éloge from the “Consul of France” was acknowledged, and elsewhere in the Academy’s records it is stated to have been given by “M. De La Tombe.” The donation was also noted in the Columbian Centinel of March 3, 1792, p. 3/2.
6 Franklin was made a member of the Society of Arts in 1755 and of the Royal Society in 1756; in 1759 he received the degree of LL.D. from the University of St. Andrews, and by the corporation of Edinburgh was given the freedom of that city; in 1762 he received the degree of D.C.L. from the University of Oxford, his son William at the same time obtaining the degree of A.M.; and long before the outbreak of the Revolution he was in correspondence with the most distinguished scholars of England and Scotland. Clearly, therefore, Condorcet was under a misapprehension in supposing that there was any tardiness on the part of England in recognizing Franklin’s scientific work.
7 The epigram is, however, mentioned in Condorcet’s “Vie de M. Turgot, publiée en 1786,” where it appears in the same form as on the title-page of the Éloge de M. Franklin. (Œuvres de Condorcet publiées par A. Condorcet O’Connor, Paris, 1847, v. 162.)
8 In Turgot’s Œuvres, Paris, 1810, ix. 140, the epigram appears in the form “Eripuit Cœlo fulmen, sceptrumque Tyrannis.” The date 1775, assigned to the epigram on the title-page of Condorcet’s Éloge de M. Franklin, is doubtless incorrect, for Franklin did not reach Paris until December 21, 1776, and the earliest known allusion to the epigram is under date of April, 1778, where it reads as in Turgot’s Œuvres. For a full and interesting discussion of the epigram, see Charles Sumner’s “Monograph from an old Note-Book; with a Postscript. ‘Eripuit cœlo fulmen, sceptrumque tyrannis,’” in the Atlantic Monthly for November, 1863, xii. 648–662. It should be pointed out, however, that in a letter to Horace Walpole dated March 1, 1777, Madame du Deffand (Lettres de la Marquise du Deffand à Horace Walpole, 1912, iii. 308) says, “Voilà des vers pour mettre au bas de l’estampe de M. Franklin” — and then quotes four lines of which the first is identical with the first line of the verses in French written by Turgot (Œuvres, ix. 140). Possibly the original verses were in French and afterwards given a Latin form.
9 Works (ed. Bigelow), vi. 111–112.
10 Glenbervie Journals (1910), p. 95.
11 Bigelow, Life of Franklin, iii. 259 note.
12 Washington’s Writings (ed. Sparks), ix. 72.
13 In 1727 two editions appeared of Prince’s “Earthquakes the Works of God & Tokens of his just Displeasure. Two Sermons On Psal. xviii. 7. At the Particular Fast in Boston, Nov. 2. and the General Thanksgiving, Nov. 9.” In 1755 Prince published “Earthquakes the Works of God, and Tokens of His just Displeasure.” This was Sermon I of the 1727 edition, with an “Appendix Concerning the Operation of God in Earthquakes by Means of the Electrical Substance,” dated “Boston, Dec. 5. 1755.” The passage quoted in the text is from this Appendix. A controversy between Prince and Winthrop took place in the newspapers in 1755.
14 Franklin’s Works (ed. Sparks), v. 419.
15 Works (ed. Bigelow), ii. 253–254, 255.
16 Works (ed. Sparks), v. 337.
17 Publications, viii. 90–92, 104.
18 Publications, xii. 288–294. The following references may be added to those furnished by Mr. Matthews and Mr. Cunningham: William Douglass, Summary, Boston, 1749, i. 239 n; Sir Walter Scott’s note in his edition of Dryden, vi. 222 ff; Saintsbury’s Dryden, vi. 237; Addison, Spectator, No. 269, January 8, 1712, with C. N. Greenough’s note, Selections from the Writings of Joseph Addison, ed. by Wendell and Greenough, Boston, [1905,] (Athenæum Press Series), p. 325; Brand, Popular Antiquities, ed. W. C. Hazlitt, i. 221.
19 The manner of the Burning the Pope in Effigies in London On the 5th of November, 1678. With The manner of carrying him through several Streets, in progression to Temple-Bar, where at length he was decently burned. Also A Particular of several Bloody Massacres done by the Papists upon the Bodies of English, Irish, and French Protestants. With Allowance. London, Printed for D. M. 1678.
20 Pp. 3–6. The pagination of the original is given within square brackets.
21 History of Plymouth Plantation (ed. Ford), i. 333–334.
22 New England’s Memorial (1669), p. 51. The year is correctly given in the headline as 1623. Cf. J. A. Goodwin’s Pilgrim Republic (1888), pp. 249–250.
23 Cf. Boston Post Boy of April 20 (p. 3/3) and 27 (p. 4/3), 1772.
24 Publications, xiv. 268 note 2.
25 New England Palladium, January 14, 1803, p. 3/2. A reference to the proposals also appeared in the Boston Weekly Magazine of January 22, 1803, i. 55.
26 The following advertisement, evidently referring to the edition published by Allen Danforth at Plymouth in 1826, appeared in the Columbian Centinel of December 2 (p. 2/5), 9 (p. 4/4), and 16 (p. 1/3), 1826:
NEW ENGLAND MEMORIAL
JUST published, a new edition of the “NEW-ENGLAND’s MEMORIAL,” or a brief relation of the most remarkable passages of the providence of God, manifested to the Planters of New-England, with special reference to the Colony of Plymouth. By Nathaniel Morton, Secretary to the Court for the Jurisdiction of New-Plymouth. For sale by RICHARDSON & LORD.
27 This specimen of the page and type consists of Morton’s address to the “Christian Reader,” dated “Plymouth in New-England, January 13, 1680,” afterwards printed in Young’s Chronicles of the Pilgrim Fathers.
28 It is curious to find this statement at so early a period. In the Preface to his edition published in 1826, Judge Davis said that “The first edition of the Memorial was published in 1669. It was a small quarto volume, printed at Cambridge, by Samuel Green and Marmaduke Johnson” (p. iv). This latter statement is unquestionably correct: see Mr. Matthews’s paper called A Ghost-Book (Publications of this Society, xiv. 268–281).
29 Josiah Cotton.
30 Plymouth Church Records, lib. i. p. 45.
31 The letter is printed in Washington’s Writings (ed. Sparks), vii. 459.
32 Cf. Publications of this Society, vii. 127–181, 341–398, xvii. 161–205.
33 See p. 47 note 3, below.
34 John Fitzgerald.
35 Charles Simms.
36 Francis Conway, who married Elizabeth Fitzhugh.
37 Samuel Hanson was tutor to George Steptoe Washington (cf. p. 47 note 3, below), but failed to exercise due control over his ward: see Washington’s Writings (ed. Ford), xi. 263, 297, 372.
38 Born 1739, died 1795; of Cedar Park, Anne Arundel County, Maryland: see Maryland Historical Magazine, viii. 82.
39 David Humphreys (1752–1818).
40 George Augustine Washington, son of Charles Washington (brother of George Washington), married Frances Bassett, daughter of Col. Burwell Bassett.
41 The proceedings in detail are given in J. Pickell, New Chapter in the Early Life of Washington, p. 87. Much information about the Potomac Company will also be found in Corra Bacon-Foster, Early Chapters in the Development of the Patomac Route to the West (1912).
42 William Fitzhugh (b.1741): see Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, viii. 94. Ravensworth was the home of the Fitzhughs in Fairfax County, Virginia.
43 Dr. James Craik.
44 William Shaw, who had recently been Washington’s secretary.
45 Philip Richard Fendall.
46 Chevalier Mauduit Duplessis.
47 To intend, in the sense of “to start on a journey, to set out,” is marked “obsolete or archaic” in the Oxford English Dictionary, no extract from English prose being cited later than 1744. This use, however, was common in this country certainly until the nineteenth century.
48 See p. 47 note 2, below.
49 William Lyles & Co. supplied rum for the workers on the canal: see Pickell, p. 83.
50 Thomas Mifflin (1744–1800).
51 William Craik, son of Dr. James Craik, married Ann Fitzhugh, sister of Mrs. G. W. P. Custis. His eldest sister was Nancy Craik, who married Richard Harrison.
52 “Fore-bay, . . . ‘a reservoir or conductor between a mill-race and a waterwheel. The discharging end of a head or mill-race’” (Oxford English Dictionary, where the earliest extract is dated 1874).
53 Mrs. Daniel French.
54 Tobias Lear (H. C. 1783), Washington’s secretary.
55 * The ground at the ferry being stiff, breaking up in pretty large and heavy clods and the seed harrowed in with my lightest harrow, was not well covered & left the ground very rough & lumpy with hollows between the furrows that would prevent the grain from being well covered — and the Timothy seed still worse.
56 George Gilpin.
57 See p. 47 note 2, below.
58 Edmund Randolph (1753–1813) married Elizabeth Nicholas.
59 “Lea-land, lay-land. . . . Fallow land; land ‘laid down’ to grass” (Oxford English Dictionary).
60 Joseph Jones of Virginia.
61 Dr. David Stuart married Eleanor (Calvert) Custis, the widow of Martha Washington’s son, John Parke Custis. George Washington Parke Custis, Eleanor Parke Custis, Elizabeth Parke Custis, and Martha Parke Custis, were the children of John Parke Custis.
62 George Steptoe Washington, Harriott Washington, and Lawrence Washington were the children of Samuel Washington, a brother of George Washington.
63 Burwell Bassett (d. 1793).
64 See p. 47 note 2, above.
65 “Presley Thornton . . . was a British officer during our Revolution, but he would not fight against his country, and therefore went to Gibraltar, and was in Garrison there during its siege by the Spaniards, where it is said he distinguished himself by his gallant behavior” (Washington to C. C. Pinckney, March 31, 1799, in Washington’s Writings, xiv. 169). He was a first cousin of Mildred Thornton, who married Charles Washington (brother of George Washington).
66 See letter to Triplet in Washington’s Writings (ed. Ford), xi. 64.
67 The Sieur Oster is given in the Massachusetts Almanac for 1785 as the French Vice-Consul at Virginia.
68 His shop and residence were afterwards moved to Hanover Street, where he was a near neighbor and friend of Mr. Edes’s great-grandfather, Nathan Webb (1767–1853), who was a parishioner of Dr. Andrew Eliot. Mr. Edes informs me that this well-known Massachusetts name was at that time pronounced “Ellit.”
69 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, i. 502 note; Boston Transcript, June 4, 1869. The Doctor was quoting a review of the new Pharmacopœia in the Monthly Anthology.
70 The Easter term of the English law-courts lasted from the Wednesday fortnight after Easter to the Monday after Ascension Day. The last Wednesday in Easter term was, therefore, the day before Ascension Day, which always falls on a Thursday; and thirty-nine days after Easter Sunday. (John J. Bond, Handy-Book of Rules for Verifying Dates, 4th ed., p. 174.)
71 This term is first applied in the Colony Records (i. 194) to the Easter term meeting of 1637, and in Winthrop’s Journal (1853, ii. 157) to that of 1634.
72 It is referred to as “the yearly day of election” in an act of 1647 (Charters and General Laws of Massachusetts Bay, 1814, p. 105), and in several subsequent enactments of the General Court.
73 Dr. C. F. Bishop errs in stating, in his History of Elections in the American Colonies, p. 102, that “after 1632 the regular election took place on the second Wednesday in May.” I have compared the dates of the fifty-three courts of elections under the Colony Charter with the calendar, and find that only in one instance (1652) was Election Day held on a different date from the last Wednesday in Easter term. On that occasion (1652) it was held the day after.
74 Bishop, 128–32.
75 Bishop, 130–32; Winthrop, ii. 379. An act of October, 1680, following one of the unsuccessful attempts to abolish direct voting, prescribes that all freemen who have not voted by proxy appear “on the election day . . . at the court house by eight of the clock in the morning, to bring in their votes as aforesaid” (Charters and General Laws, 1814, p. 108).
76 See Mr. Swift’s article on Massachusetts Election Sermons (Publications of this Society, i. 388).
77 Charters and General Laws, p. 29; Publications of this Society, ii. 20. The Province Charter does not expressly require that the Councillors, and the Speaker and the Clerk of the House, be chosen on Election Day, but our associate Mr. Matthews has established, from the examination of Boston newspapers and other sources, that such was the practice. The election of Speaker on Election Day was made obligatory by the Explanatory Charter of 1725 (Publications of this Society, ii. 31). Councillors were chosen, it will be remembered, not by the Representatives (Deputies) alone, but by the entire General Court, consisting of Royal Governor, outgoing Council, and House of Representatives. In the newspapers of the Provincial period Election Day is also referred to as “The Anniversary Day for the Election of Counsellors” (e. g., Boston News Letter, June 4, 1711, and May 31, 1733; and cf. p. 59 note 2, below).
78 H. A. Hill, History of the Old South Church, i. 362.
79 This occurred in 1785, and in 1806 there was a prolonged contest in the General Court over counting the votes. (W. Burdick, Massachusetts Manual for 1814–15, pp. 26–28; 2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xx. 12–21.)
80 The former Election Week, under the new title of Anniversary Week, continued to attract to Boston the annual swarms of longfaced, black-coated brethren from country pulpits that so annoyed Dr. Holmes, and suggested his poem “The Moral Bully.” Cf. 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xiii. 45–46.
81 The former Election Week, under the new title of Anniversary Week, continued to attract to Boston the annual swarms of longfaced, black-coated brethren from country pulpits that so annoyed Dr. Holmes, and suggested his poem “The Moral Bully.” Cf. 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xiii. 45–46.
82 Author not known. [E. E.’s note.]
83 “The game of Paw-paw, or props, was played with four small shells, known to naturalists as the Cyproea Moneta, and was one of the gambling games much practiced by the boys of Boston” (1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xiii. 46). Cf. Mary C. Crawford, Social Life in Old New England, p. 431; Oxford English Dictionary, under “Prop, sb.4.”
84 Cadets. [E. E.’s note.]
85 The Old Brick, which was the third meeting-house of the First Church, stood from 1713 to 1808 in Cornhill Square.
86 Noted for long sermons. [E. E.’s note.] The Rev. Thomas Frink (H. C. 1722), preached the Election Sermon of 1758. (Cf. Publications of this Society, i. 420.) This allusion fixes the approximate date of the poem.
87 P. 44, above.
88 Columbian Centinel, July 7, 1792, p. 2/4, where the toasts offered are printed.
89 The song was printed in the Massachusetts Mercury of May 24, 1799, p. 4/1, preceded by the following:
Messrs. Young & Minns,
The following, though far from perfect, may have sufficient merit to entitle it to publication. It was written at Surinam, a few days previous to the last anniversary of the Birth of the American Hero.
Yr’s.
A SEA CAPTAIN.
90 Publications, xiv. 199–201.
91 The allusion is to Congress, not to the Massachusetts Legislature. One of the toasts given at the celebration at Concert Hall, Boston, on the same day was this: “The Hon. Roger Griswold, and the fifty-two Gentlemen in Congress: — May their exertions to rid the National Legislature of a beastly character, be remembered by their constituents” (Columbian Centinel, February 24, 1798, p. 2/4). Matthew Lyon of Vermont had insulted Roger Griswold of Connecticut and had used an indecent expression. On February 12th a resolution for expelling Lyon was voted on, and “The Speaker then declared the Yeas to be 52 and the Nays 44, and as the Constitution requires two thirds of the Members present to expel a Member, the Resolution was not agreed to” (Columbian Centinel, February 21, p. 2/2). The Speaker of the House was Jonathan Dayton of New Jersey. For a reference to Lyon, see Publications of this Society, xvii. 311 note 1.
92 Columbian Centinel, February 24, 1798, pp. 2/3.
93 Thomas Jefferson was then Vice-President.
94 The Alien and Sedition Acts had been passed by Congress in 1798.
95 State Papers and Publick Documents of the United States (Wait, Boston), iii. 415. I am indebted to our associate Dr. Morison for this reference. Cf. Publications of this Society, xvii. 326. Pickering’s report was printed in the supplement to the Columbian Centinel of February 6, 1799.
96 Faculty Records, vii. 33, 34.
97 The only allusion to it known to me is in an article On Some Social Distinctions at Harvard and Yale before the Revolution (Proceedings American Antiquarian Society, October, 1893, ix. 34–59) by our associate Professor Franklin B. Dexter, whose attention was called to it by the late William H. Tillinghast.
98 For a notice of Joseph Williamson (1633–1701), who was knighted January 24, 1672, see the Dictionary of National Biography.
99 Report on the Manuscripts of J. M. Heathcote, Esq. of Conington Castle, Co. Hunts (1899), pp. 88–89, 144–147, 148–150, 150–152, 170–171, 191–192, 194–195.
100 “Many news letters were sent to Fanshawe by this indefatigable collector [Williamson], who, while gathering materials from far and wide for his Gazette was always willing to provide entertainment for his friends, and who gives many items of gossip not mentioned by either Pepys or Evelyn” (Report on the Manuscripts of J. M. Heathcote, p. xxiv).
101 Letters addressed from London to Sir Joseph Williamson while Plenipotentiary at the Congress of Cologne in the years 1673–1674 (Camden Society, 1874), ii. 161.
102 “There is a complete collection of his [Henry Muddiman’s] news letters from 29 April, 1667 to 12 October, 1689 in the Marquis of Bath’s library at Longleat. Their dates are on alternate days and they are contained in fourteen folio volumes, . . . This collection of some thousands of consecutive news letters by one person is quite unique, and considering his privileged position, should be of high value when calendared” (J. B. Williams, The Newsbooks and Letters of News of the Restoration, in the English Historical Review, 1908, xxiii. 275–276).
103 J. B. Williams, History of English Journalism to the foundation of the Gazette (1908), p. 3.
104 The pamphlet consists of twenty pages: title, 1 leaf; Treaty, pp. 3–19; advertisement, p. [20].
105 Allusions to the Treaty will be found in New York Colonial Documents, iii. 388–389, 465, 467, 468, 469, 487, 506, 511, 519, 520–523, 525, iv. 169, 210, 478, v. 620, ix. 370.
106 Cf. Publications of this Society, iii. 86–90.
107 H. C. 1772; died 1813.
108 Samuel Webber and the elder Henry Ware.
109 Observations on a Variety Of Subjects, Literary, Moral and Religious; In a Series of Original Letters, Written by a Gentleman of Foreign Extraction, who resided some Time in Philadelphia. Revised by a Friend, to whose Hands the Manuscript was committed for Publication. Philadelphia: Printed by John Dunlap. M,DCC,LXXIV.
110 This manuscript volume (in my possession) is but a fragment of the journal kept by Mr. Brooks on a European tour of some thirteen months. It covers the interval from April 9, 1834 (Florence), to December 13, 1834 (New York). The passage from Liverpool to New York, in the packet ship Virginian, took twenty-eight days, — a week less than the captain’s forecast. There were twenty-four cabin passengers.
111 1795–1872; H. C. 1816.
112 Willis’s account of his own first call upon Lady Blessington shortly before this date may be found in The New-York Mirror (reprinted in The American Ladies’ Magazine, April, 1835, viii. 215–219).
113 Publications, xii. 227.
114 Curwen Papers, v. 87.
115 Of these three endorsements, the second and third are in the same hand as the Articles above.
116 i. 15. The entry there reads: “Vial; dead 1729.” The name “Vial” is in the hand of Tutor Flynt, the rest of the entry having been inserted, of course at a much later date, by President Wadsworth. Viall was placed eleventh in a class of thirty-seven.
117 Cambridge Church Records, 1632–1830 (1906), p. 96.
118 Narragansett Historical Register, iii. 100, 106, 108–110; J. N. Arnold, Vital Record of Rhode Island, Bristol, p. 168. I am indebted to Mr. Matthews and to Mr. Gay for information about Viall.
119 Publications of this Society, ii. 27.
120 Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1702, No. 728.
121 Ibid. No. 780.
122 Ibid. No. 924.
123 Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1702, No. 966.
124 Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1702, No. 1046.
125 Ibid. No. 1131.
126 Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1702, No. 1135.
127 Ibid. 1702–1703, No. 30.
128 Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1702–1703, No. 315.
129 Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1702–1703, No. 319. The Governor of Jamaica was Thomas Handaside.
130 Ibid. No. 544.
131 Ibid. No. 673.
132 Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1702–1703, No. 1224.
133 Ibid. No. 996.
134 Ibid. No. 1071.
135 Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1702–1703, No. 1399.
136 Boston News Letter, July 24, 1704, No. 14, p. 2/1.
137 For permission to exhibit this document, I am indebted to Miss Mary A. Tenney, on behalf of her family, in whose possession it has been since Revolutionary days.
138 It is printed in the Postscript to the Massachusetts Spy of May 12, 1774. In the same paper of June 2 (p. 3/3) appeared the following:
Tell it in Gath, publish it in Askelon, that the Boston Port-Bill, in all its parts is now carrying into execution and that Boston is thereby put into greater distress, and is more insulted by an English armament than sheever was by a French or Spanish fleet in the hottest war, when left without one British ship for her protection. The town is become a spectacle to angels and men, G o d grant that it may not be intimidated by the present horrors to make a surrender of the rights of Americans; or in any respect to dishonour herself in this day of tryal and perplexity.
Business was finished at the custom-house at 12 o’clock yesterday noon, and this harbour is now shut against all vessels bound hither, and on the 15th instant none will be allowed to depart hence. Be it forever remembered, to thy grief and shame, O Britain!
139 Frothingham, Rise of the Republic of the United States, p. 336 note.
140 Wells, Life and Public Services of Samuel Adams, ii. 172.
141 Copied from an original (two leaves, printed on inside pages) owned by the American Antiquarian Society. An extract from this letter is in Force’s American Archives, 4th Series, i. 397; but apparently the letter has not before been reprinted in full.
142 “William Cooper Clerk” is an autograph signature. Near the wax of the seal, still visible, are written a few words, apparently “S Jenison Or Town.” No doubt this was Samuel Jennison (1733–1790), later elected a member of the Provincial Congress from Douglas: see W. A. Emerson, History of Douglas, pp. 68–70; G. F. Daniels, History of Oxford, pp. 559–560; Vital Records of Oxford, p. 289.
The Massachusetts Historical Society owns two copies of this broadside.
One, with the wax of the seal still visible, is addressed “For the Committee of Correspondence for Salem.” The other ends with the words “We are, &c.;” after which is written in ink in Cooper’s hand:
June 8. 1774.
By Order of the Committee of Correspondence for Boston, William Cooper Clerk.
143 Form A is copied from the document exhibited to-day. It is a folded sheet which, opened, measures 13¾ inches in width by 20 in height. The covenant is printed on the first page. The alterations made in the Westford meeting of July 4 are indicated in footnotes, all the alterations being in ink.
Form B is copied from a broadside owned by the American Antiquarian Society. It measures 7½ inches in width by 12½ in height.
144 In the Westford document, the name “Westford” has been inserted.
145 The words “in the presence of God” are crossed out in the Westford document.
146 The words “and in good faith” are crossed out in the Westford document.
147 The word “full” is crossed out in the Westford document.
148 At the bottom of the broadside the words “This came from Sutton” are written in ink in the hand of Isaiah Thomas. I am greatly indebted to our associates Dr. Charles L. Nichols, for ascertaining what documents bearing on the subject are owned by the American Antiquarian Society, and Mr. Clarence S. Brigham, for sending the documents to Boston for my inspection.
149 The word “fully” is crossed out in the Westford document.
150 The words “imported from Great Britain” are here interlined in the Westford document.
151 The last two letters in “June” have been crossed out and “ly” written above, and “4th” has been inserted in the blank space.
152 E. R. Hodgman, History of the Town of Westford, p. 95. The town clerk of Westford at that time was John Abbot (1713–1791).
153 Most of the signers are mentioned in the genealogical section of Hodgman’s History of the Town of Westford, pp. 435–486.
154 On July 10, 1775, “Chose Doctor Asaph Fletcher to represent this town in the great and general Court to be held at Watertown” (Hodgman, History of Westford, p. 113).
155 It is impossible to decipher this surname.
156 This Christian name is badly blotted.
157 This surname is doubtful.
158 In a town meeting held at Westminster August 3 it was “voted that the Inhabitants would sign a Covenant that might be Drawn up and laid before the Town;” a committee was chosen to prepare one, and on August 19 the town voted “almost unanimously” to accept the proposed covenant. Though not entered on the town records, the original document has been found and is printed, together with the names of forty-seven signers, in W. S. Heywood’s History of Westminster, pp. 152–153. It differs materially from forms A and B. Heywood says:
The document is complete as far as it goes, and with the signature fills the two pages of a half sheet of foolscap paper. There are indications tending to show that the other half has been torn from the one preserved, and it may be presumed that there were upon it names of other well-known residents, who would be likely to take the same self-sacrificing and heroic stand in behalf of their own and their country’s liberties (p. 153).
Is it not probable that the missing half-sheet contained the printed covenant — either form A or form B, Westminster being in Worcester County?
159 Copied from a broadside owned by the American Antiquarian Society. It measures 6⅝ inches in width by 9 in height. The Massachusetts Historical Society owns two copies of this broadside: one measures 7¼ inches in width by 9¾ in height; the other measures 9 inches in width by 15 in height.
160 “William Cooper Clerk” is an autograph signature.
161 Worcester Town Records (Collections of the Worcester Society of Antiquity, iv. 206). The Worcester covenant was adopted at a town meeting held June 20 (iv. 230–233). A protest, signed by fifty-two persons, was immediately drawn up and entered in the town records. It was also printed in the Boston News Letter of June 30, p. 2/1, and in the Boston Post Boy of July 4, p. 1/2, where it was preceded by the following note:
Messi’rs Printers,
If you please you may give the following Protestation, &c. of us a few friends of truth, peace and order, a place in your paper: For it is believed that we, and many others thro’ the province, have too long already, held our peace.
Then comes the protest, with the “Attest, Clark Chandler, Town Clerk,” and the names of the signers. At a town meeting held August 24, the town clerk was severely censured and ordered to erase the record of protest (Worcester Town Records, iv. 236–239). A facsimile of an erased page is given in Celebration of the Centennial Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, Worcester (1876), p. 113.
It is stated in the History of Worcester County (Boston, 1879, ii. 578, 579) that “‘The American Political Society’ was formed Dec. 27, 1773;” and that “At the monthly meeting of the Political Society in June [1774], it was voted to sign a covenant not to purchase any English goods until the port of Boston was opened, and to discontinue intercourse with those declining to subscribe.” The American Antiquarian Society (Worcester Papers, i. 20) owns an undated draft of a covenant which accords in sentiment, but not in wording (being still more drastic), with the Boston covenant. At the end is written: “It is thought best not to sign any agreement yet, as it is expected we shall have the plan of a General one from Boston very soon. Yours Wm Henshaw. Please return this to the bearer Mr Timothy Bigelow.”
162 Copied from a broadside owned by the American Antiquarian Society. It measures 7½ inches in width by 10 in height.
163 “Wm Young” is an autograph signature. The broadside was no doubt printed in Boston, as the type is apparently the same and the paper has the same watermark as form A of the covenant. At all events, it certainly was not printed at Worcester, as sometimes stated, since Thomas himself said that “The first Thing ever printed in Worcester” was the Massachusetts Spy of May 3, 1775 (Nichols, Bibliography of Worcester, pp. vii, 2; Nichols, Isaiah Thomas: Printer, Writer & Collector, p. 57).
164 American Archives, 4th Series, i. 397–398.
165 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xviii. 177.
166 xviii. 177–178.
167 xviii. 178.
168 Letters and Diary, pp. 276–277.
169 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, viii. 331.
170 Boston Evening Post, July 4, p. 2/2–3. What Andrews called “The declaration” was also printed in the Boston Post Boy of July 4, p. 2/2, but it there precedes (not follows) the two protests.
171 At a town meeting held at Braintree on June 27 a committee was appointed “to prepare a draught of a covenant to be laid before the Town;” the draught offered by the committee the same day was “Voted accepted, and was then proposed the same should be offerd to the Members of the sd Town for signing &c.” The meeting then adjourned to July 25, when “The above said covenant having had some exceptions made, so it was offerd to the Town for amendment which was accordingly done, and then almost every one Present signd the same, and it was then orderd by the Town to the Members of the Town in the several Precincts that were not Present at the Meeting for signing and then to be lodgd with the clerk of sd Town” (Braintree Records, p. 449).
172 2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, ii. 481–482.
173 It is printed in 2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, ii. 482–483. When a copy of the covenant reached Dover, on June 28 Jeremy Belknap wrote a vigorous protest, which doubtless had its effect, for on July 4 “The Selectmen & Committee of Correspondence of this Town met & agreed to suspend this matter till they shall hear what is the Result of the approaching Congress, upon the Subject” (ibid. ii. 484–486).
174 Pickering Papers, xxxix. 57.
175 Pickering Papers, xxxiii. 96.
176 Narrative and Critical History of America, vi. 96–97. The misapprehension is due to confusion between the Provincial Committee of Correspondence and the Boston Committee of Correspondence. The General Court met in Boston on May 25, was adjourned on May 28 to meet at Salem on June 7, and was dissolved on June 17. On May 26 it was ordered in the House of Representatives that “the Committee of Correspondence be, and they are hereby directed to Write to the Committees of Correspondence of all the British Colonies on this Continent; inclosing a Copy of the unprecedented Act of the British Parliament for shutting up the Port of Boston, and otherwise punishing the Inhabitants of said Town: And desire their immediate Attention to an Act, design’d to suppress the Spirit of Liberty in America” (House Journal, p. 9). The only action taken with respect to non-importation was on June 17, when, nine days after the Boston Committee of Correspondence had sent out the Solemn League and Covenant, —
Upon a Motion made, the House pass’d the following Resolve, viz.
Whereas this and his Majesty’s other Colonies in North-America, have long been struggling under the heavy Hand of Power; and our dutiful Petitions for the Redress of our intolerable Grievances, have not only been disregarded and frown’d upon, but the Design totally to alter the free Constitutions of Civil Government in British America, and establish arbitrary Governments and reduce the Inhabitants to Slavery, appears more and more to be fixed and determined: It is therefore strongly recommended by this House to the Inhabitants of this Province, that they renounce altogether the Consumption of India Teas, and as far as in them lies, discontinue the Use of all Goods and Manufactures whatsoever, that shall be Imported from the East Indies and Great-Britain, until the publick Grievances of America shall be radically and totally redressed. And it is further recommended to all, that they give all possible Encouragement to the Manufactures of America. And it is moreover strongly recommended to the Inhabitants aforesaid, that they use their utmost Endeavours to suppress Pedlars and Petty-Chapmen (who are of late become a very great Nuisance) by putting in Execution the good and wholesome Laws of this Province for that Purpose (House Journal, p. 46).
177 See E. S. Steams, History of Ashburnham, pp. 133–134; W. Barry, History of Framingham, pp. 90–91; J. H. Temple, History of Framingham, p. 267; J. G. Metcalf, Annals of Mendon, pp. 320–321; J. R. Trumbull, History of Northampton, ii. 343–344; and cf. pp. 110, 111 note 3, 113 note 1, 117, 118 note, above. The Massachusetts Spy of June 30, 1774, said that on June 20 the people of Charlton “generally signed a covenant, obliging themselves, to withdraw all commercial intercourse with the Island of Great Britain; and not to purchase, or use any goods imported from thence, from and after the last day of August next, or till the Port of Boston be opened, and all our charter and constitutional rights are fully restored; but a few individuals refused to sign” (p. 3/1). On June 29 Governor Gage issued “A Proclamation For discouraging certain illegal Combinations,” which was printed in the contemporary Boston newspapers; also in 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xii. 45–48. Cf. ibid. xi. 392–394; Moore, Songs and Ballads of the American Revolution, p. 65.
178 The Term Indian Summer, read before this Society in December, 1901 (Publication, vii. 241–244); printed in Monthly Weather Review for January and February, 1902, xxx. 19–28, 69–79, and also in a separate pamphlet.
179 The Old Farmer and his Almanack, 1904, pp. 191–198.
180 Robert Temperley, The Merchant Shipping Acts, London, 1907, pp. 710–711.
181 Monthly Weather Review, January, 1915, xliii. 44–45.
182 A Collection of Poems, on American Affairs, . . . Written between the year 1797 and the Present Time, i. 97–98. In 1902–1907 was published in three volumes The Poems of Philip Freneau, edited by Fred Lewis Pattee.
183 Illustrated Poems (1849), pp. 141–142. In the preface, dated October 1, 1848, Mrs. Sigourney says: “The edition now presented to the public comprises selections from previous volumes, poems that have appeared only in a fugitive form, and others that have never before been indebted to the ministry of the press.”
184 This appears to be the same tradition as that recounted by Charles Brockden Brown in a note in his translation of Volney, View of the Soil and Climate of the United States (Philadelphia, 1804), p. 210. If the tradition has a basis of fact, Brown’s is undoubtedly the more correct version.
185 “Having,” she herself wrote late in life, “become an enthusiast about our aborigines, the first tune that I was permitted to choose for my own performance was that sweetly plaintive melody of the ‘Indian Chief’s Death-Song.’” And again, referring to her Traits of the Aborigines of America — the poem of four thousand lines filling pp. 3–131, while the Notes fill pp. 133–284 — she said:
This was composed two years before my marriage, but its publication was delayed for some time, . . . An early acquaintance with the Mohegan tribe of Indians, who resided a few miles from Norwich, and a taste for searching out the historic legends of our forest-people, deepened my interest in their native lineaments of character, and my sympathy for their degraded condition. In the notes of the volume much information is concentrated respecting them, derived from various sources, in the revision of which I gratefully received the aid of the acute and discriminating mind of my husband (Letters of Life, 1866, pp. 53, 327).
186 Jesuits in North America (1880), p. lxxv. Though not found in this passage, Parkman elsewhere employs the term Indian summer: see Mr. Matthews’s monograph.
187 Lettres d’un Cultivateur Américain . . . depuis l’Année 1770 jusqu’en 1786, par M. St. John de Crevecoeur, Traduites de l’Anglois, Paris, 1787, i. 294. The description fills pp. 289–314.
188 In his Letters of an American Farmer, published in London in 1782, Crevecœur does not mention the Indian summer. My attention was called to the passage in the text by Mr. Franklin B. Sanborn’s paper on “St. John de Crèvecœur, the American Farmer (1735–1813),” printed in 2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xx. 32–83. Mr. Sanborn shows that Crevecœur was often inaccurate, remarking in one place: “But dates were never St. John’s forte. He misstated the ages of his children by two years, and dedicated the French edition of his ‘Lettres d’un Cultivateur Américain’ to Lafayette from ‘Albany, 17 Mai 1781,’ though at that date he was in England” (p. 34 note: cf. pp. 36, 37 note, 45, 52–53, 73–74).
189 See Young, Chronicles of the Pilgrim Fathers, p. 400.
190 Bradford, History (1856), p. 9.
191 Bradford, History, p. 11.
192 Bradford, History, p. 13.
193 P. 15.
194 Dexter, The England and Holland of the Pilgrims, pp. 467–468.
195 Bradford, History, pp. 53–54.
196 Bradford, History, p. 17.
197 Book of the General Laws (1672), p. 2.
198 Bradford, History, pp. 59–60.
199 Bradford, History, pp. 66–67.
200 Bradford, History, pp. 59–60.
201 Bradford, History, p. 198.
202 Goodwin, Pilgrim Republic, p. 368.
203 Plymouth Colony Records, xi. 101.
204 iv. 85, 86.
205 Bradford, History, p. 135.
206 Plymouth Colony Records, xi. 6.
207 Plymouth Colony Records, xi. 50.
208 Goodwin, Pilgrim Republic, p. 496.
209 Publications of this Society, xvii. 302 and note.
210 Could this have been the Rev. James Freeman, minister of King’s Chapel?
211 Massachusetts Magazine, iii. 52–53.
212 Third Series, vii. 29–30.
213 James Bowdoin married Elizabeth, daughter of John Erving.
214 In Airs of the Pilgrims, pp. 1–3, appended to W. S. Russell’s Guide to Plymouth (1846).
215 In the later versions this is printed “fresh meat.”
216 Massachusetts Spy, February 3, 1774, p. 4/1.
217 Early English and French Voyages (Original Narratives of Early American History), pp. 337, 347, 350, 371.
218 Travels and Works of Captain John Smith (edited by A. G. Bradley, 1910), pp. 194–200, 267.
219 These facts and others concerning the New England fur trade will be found in C. H. McIlwain’s Introduction to Wraxall’s Abridgment, chap. i. note A. This is the best account of the New England fur trade at present available.
220 Massachusetts Colony Records, i. 55; Young, Chronicles of Massachusetts Bay (1846), p. 148.
221 Plain Dealing (1867), pp. 109–111.
222 F. J. Turner, Publications of this Society, xvii. 254.
223 Winthrop’s Journal (1908), i. 103, 108; McIlwain, p. xxxi.
224 Johnson, Wonder-working Providence (1910), p. 237.
225 Plain Dealing, p. 108.
226 New English Canaan (Prince Society, 1883), pp. 282–283, and Introduction, pp. 19 ff.
227 These facts are well summarized by McIlwain, pp. xxix–xxxi.
228 This petition appears in one form in 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, v. 131–134, and in a somewhat different form in Bradford’s History (1908), p. 314. It is calendared in the Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1574–1660, p. 157, where it is dated 1632, obviously a mistake.
229 Cf. Publications of this Society, xii. 101–113, 191–203.
230 The operations of this Canada Company are best described by H. P. Biggar, Early Trading Companies of New France, chapters viii and ix. See also H. Kirke, The First English Conquest of Canada (1908), and Parkman, Pioneers of France in the New World, chap. xvi. For the interest of Gorges and Mason in this Company, see J. W. Dean’s Introduction to Captain John Mason (Prince Society), pp. 53–54.
231 Works of Captain John Smith, pp. 192, 237.
232 The Laconia charter is printed in Captain John Mason, pp. 189 ff. For an account of the Laconia Company, see J. W. Dean’s Introduction to this work, pp. 53 ff. Dean relied for his information largely upon a work on the Isles of Shoals by John S. Jenness (1875). See also a note by Charles Deane in 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, vi. 376–380; and cf. Publications of this Society, xii. 372.
233 Captain John Mason, pp. 72–74, 331, 335; Gorges, Brief Description of Laconia, in Collections Maine Historical Society, vol. ii. part ii. pp. 67–68; Morton, New English Canaan, p. 237. The best secondary account of the explorations of the Laconia Company is that of Amandus Johnson, Swedish Settlements on the Delaware, i. 392 ff.
234 Winthrop’s Journal, i. 224; Morton, pp. 234 ff. and Introduction, pp. 77–78.
235 New English Canaan, pp. 238, 240.
236 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, xl. 70. The contributor of this document, Dr. Charles E. Banks, believes that the writer was Walter Neale, first governor of Laconia.
237 Winthrop speaks of trading with the Dutch for beaver and estimates their total trade at nine or ten thousand skins a year (Journal, i. 131). See also McIlwain, p. xxxii; Weeden, Economic and Social History of New England, i. 126. McIlwain errs, however, in citing Weeden (i. 131) to the effect that this illicit trade amounted to from ten to fifteen thousand skins a year. What Weeden does say is that the Dutch, previous to the loss of their Connecticut trade, had drawn that number of skins yearly from New England — quite a different matter.
238 McIlwain, pp. xxx–xxxi; Bradford, pp. 299–302; Winthrop’s Journal, i. 103, 109–110.
239 See an interesting note by Mr. H. A. Wright (Outlook, May 5, 1915, cx. 47) on the size of Pynchon’s trade. His success at Springfield was a source of great annoyance to the Dutch, and was one of the grievances against the English which Stuyvesant brought forward at the time of the treaty of Hartford in 1650 (Plymouth Colony Records, ix. 172, 176, 178).
240 C. H. Levermore, Republic of New Haven, p. 90.
241 No attempt is here made to describe this episode in full. Amandus Johnson (Swedish Settlements on the Delaware, i. 208–217) gives a detailed account with references to the sources. His account supersedes that of Levermore (Republic of New Haven, pp. 90 ff), which is condensed and uncritical and has minor inaccuracies.
242 Levermore, p. 95.
243 See McIlwain, p. xxxi.
244 Plymouth Colony Records, ix. 22–23.
245 Weeden, i. 42; Massachusetts Colony Records, ii. 86; Connecticut Colonial Records, i. 113; Plymouth Colony Records, ii. 82. J. A. James (English Institutions and the American Indian, Johns Hopkins University Studies, 12th Series, x. 25–26) makes the mistake of supposing that this proposed company went into operation. The references which he cites in proof of his statement refer to the activities of the Society for Propagating the Gospel among the Indians.
246 Plymouth Colony Records, ix and x. Johnson gives an account of the efforts of the English to get a foothold upon the Delaware from 1643 to 1653 with full references to sources (vol. i. chap, xxxvi). Levermore must be relied upon for the rest of the history of the New Haven Delaware Company (pp. 98–99).
247 Plymouth Colony Records, ix. 140–141.
248 ix. 189.
249 Plymouth Colony Records, ix. 210–212; Johnson, i. 402.
250 Plymouth Colony Records, ix. 199.
251 ix. 213–215.
252 Plymouth Colony Records, x. 13, 14, 15, 32–33, 56.
253 x. 127; Levermore, pp. 98–99.
254 Johnson, i. 394; Winthrop’s Journal, ii. 62–63.
255 Winthrop’s Journal, ii. 164.
256 Massachusetts Colony Records, ii. 60.
257 Of the members of this Company, Tyng was Treasurer of the Massachusetts Bay Company. Valentine Hill was a prominent merchant of Boston, a selectman, and at different times a deputy to the General Court (Savage, Genealogical Dictionary; Massachusetts Colony Records, iii. 259, 340). A later entry in the Colony Records shows him engaged with Tyng in a trading venture to the Azores, Madeiras, and West Indies (ii. 247–249). Sedgwick was at this time a deputy and later was commander, with Leverett, of the expedition which was intended to attack New Amsterdam, but conquered Acadia instead. A good account of Sedgwick will be found in Publications of this Society, iii. 156–173. Norton was a lieutenant for Charlestown and deputy (Massachusetts Colony Records, ii. 166, 186). Hewes was also a lieutenant (ii. 163) and a prominent merchant. There is a good account of Hewes and his commercial ventures by Eben Putnam, Lieutenant Joshua Hewes and Some of his Descendants (1913). Pages 66–69 describe this Company of Adventurers and his connection with it, but without adding anything new. For Aspinwall see the next note.
258 Journal, ii. 164. William Aspinwall came over, probably with Winthrop, in 1630, and was prominent in the colony until the time of his banishment, in 1637, for being a supporter of Wheelwright and Anne Hutchinson. With others of his fellow sufferers he joined in establishing a colony in Rhode Island, and became its first Secretary. Here also he got into trouble, “being a suspected person for sedition against the State.” The scanty notices we have of him from 1637 to 1642 show him engaged in trading. In the latter year he was restored to his rights and citizenship in Massachusetts, and speedily became Recorder and Notary Public. His connection with the Delaware Company was apparently the result of his trading ventures in 1637–1642. In 1651 he was suspended from his office as Recorder “for chardging the Courte and Jury to goe against lawe and conscience,” and the next year he lost his position as Notary Public. We know little about him after 1652 except that he was alive in England in 1662. The above account is taken from that of John T. Hassam printed in 2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xii. 211–219, Suffolk Deeds, x. 15–24, and Aspinwall Notarial Records (Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xxxii). I am indebted to Mr. S. E. Morison for this reference.
259 Johnson (i. 396) prints a photographic facsimile.
260 Winthrop’s Journal, ii. 181, 190; Johnson, i. 394–397.
261 Winthrop’s Journal, ii. 210, 246; Johnson, i. 398.
262 Massachusetts Colony Records, ii. 138, iii. 53.
263 William Paine was one of the wealthiest men in the colony. He came over in 1635 and settled at Watertown, but removed in 1639 to Ipswich. He owned a five-sixths interest in the fulling and grist mill at Watertown and a three-fourths interest in both the Lynn and the Braintree Iron Works. He and Thomas Clarke, a member of this Company, were interested with the younger Winthrop in the New Haven Iron Works and the black lead mines at Sturbridge. Some of his letters to Winthrop, which throw light upon their business relations, are printed in 4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vii. Paine was also a landowner on a large scale and at the time of his death was part owner of five vessels and had investments in ventures in England and Jamaica. The extent of his interests discloses the many-sided activities of what we may fairly term the capitalist class in Massachusetts at this time. The fur trade was only one of the forms of investment, perhaps the most speculative form, open to enterprising men of Paine’s generation. For an account of Paine and his undertakings, see Albert W. Paine, Paine Genealogy, Ipswich Branch (Bangor, Maine, 1881), pp. 57–73. Mr. S. E. Morison first called my attention to this Genealogy.
264 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. iv. pt. i. 291.
265 Johnson states in his Wonder-working Providence (p. 237) that at the time he was writing, about 1651, the competition at Springfield had become so keen that there was little profit in the trade, and many of the settlers had turned to agriculture.
266 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. iv. pt. i. 354, 355.
267 Ibid. p. 374. The secondary writers who treat this episode are Brodhead, History of New York, i. 655, 671–674; O’Callaghan, History of New Netherland, ii. 402–406; Hutchinson, History of Massachusetts (1795), i. 150 note.
268 New York Colonial Documents, xiii. 101, 107, 126, 129, 150.
269 Plymouth Colony Records, x. 220, 443.
270 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. iv. pt. i. 395.
271 Plymouth Colony Records, x. 445–446.
272 Winthrop’s Journal, i. 151.
273 New York Colonial Documents, xiv. 465.
274 4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vii. 512.
275 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. iv. pt. i. 438. It is here stated that in October, 1659, the General Court had granted the company a tract of land on the Hudson above Fort Orange, but nothing is said about such a grant in the only passage in the Records of that date which refers to the company (p. 395). There is, however, little reason to doubt that such a grant was made.
276 Vol. iv. pt. ii. 51. According to Weeden (i. 161, citing Felt’s Annals of Salem, i. 227), the company reported in 1662 an expenditure of £250 in running lines and £150 for a land journey and other expenses. Several members of the company, including Hathorne, were Salem men.
277 For the official attitude at different times, see Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1574–1660, pp. 26 and 154; New York Colonial Documents, iii. 6–8; Thurloe, State Papers (1742), v. 81. Bradford in 1627 challenged the right of the Dutch to the country (1 Massachusetts Historical Collections, iii. 52, 53), as did Gorges and Mason in 1632 (Captain John Mason, pp. 293, 296). Morton’s opinion has already been quoted (New English Canaan, p. 240). Even after the Treaty of Hartford, the United Commissioners asserted in 1653 the priority of the English claims (Plymouth Colony Records, x. 13). I can find no justification for the statement of J. A. Stevens (Narrative and Critical History of America, iii. 386) that Cromwell in the treaty of 1654 formally recognized the Dutch title to New Netherland. An examination of the treaty (printed in Dumont, Corps Universel Diplomatique, vol. vi. pt. ii. 74–79) does not bear out his contention. It should be said, however, that after that peace Cromwell took the position that the Dutch could not be removed except by friendly agreement (Letter of William Leete to Samuel Disborow, October 10, 1654, in British Museum, Egerton MSS. 2519, fol. 10. I am here relying upon a transcript in the Library of Congress).
278 The correspondence about the rival claims will be found partly in Plymouth Colony Records, x. 220, 443–446, partly in New York Colonial Documents, xiv. 446, 465. See also 4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vii. 512. The Hartford treaty is printed in Plymouth Colony Records, ix. 188–190.
279 Compare Stuyvesant’s statement: “New-England does not need her [England’s] interference and assistance in this matter, for she is conscious that her power overbalances ours ten times and it is to be apprehended, that they will in this matter make an attempt so much sooner, as they see and trust that during the present monstrous condition of the English government no countermanding order will be issued from that side; but we will willingly submit our speculations to wiser judgments and hope the best” (New York Colonial Documents, xiii. 162).
280 John Paine was born in 1632 and upon his father’s death in 1660 inherited the bulk of his property and interests. He engaged in mercantile enterprises in Boston and Portsmouth and was interested in various land speculations. Little is known about him except for this episode and another which is closely connected with it. At the time of his marriage he had received as a gift from his father-in-law, Richard Parker, 700 acres of land upon Prudence Island in Narragansett Bay. Learning at the time of his visit to New York in 1672 (A. W. Paine is apparently mistaken in having him go to New York in 1671) that the Duke of York, who had purchased the rights of the Earl of Stirling to Long Island and the adjacent islands, claimed jurisdiction over Prudence Island also, Paine got from Governor Lovelace a grant of the whole island to be held in fee simple for a yearly quit-rent of “two Barrels of Syder and six Couple of Capons,” to be known as Sophy Manor. The story that Paine won the favor of Lovelace by contributing liberally toward the repair of Fort James comes from Arnold, the historian of Rhode Island, and I have been unable to discover the source of his information. Paine’s action involved him in a lawsuit with the colony of Rhode Island for attempting to introduce a foreign jurisdiction, but before it was decided the matter was allowed to drop, probably because Paine gave up the contention that the island belonged to the Duke of York. Paine died shortly afterward, in 1675, having, it is said, before his death lost much of the property inherited from his father. Paltsits mistakenly attempts to identify him with a certain John Paine who came to New York as a soldier in 1664 (Minutes of the Executive Council of New York, i. 142 note 4). See A. W. Paine, Paine Genealogy, pp. 78–92; Arnold, History of Rhode Island, i. 362–364; Brodhead, ii. 188–189; Minutes of the Executive Council of New York, ii. 725–736; 2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xvii. 85.
281 These documents, together with Lovelace’s reply, are printed in Minutes of the Executive Council of New York, ii. 662–666. Two of them are printed in New York Colonial Documents, xiv. 664, 673. A brief account of the episode will be found in Brodhead, ii. 188. The original of Paine’s address to Lovelace is to be found in New York Colonial Manuscripts, xxii. 137, and of Lovelace’s reply to Massachusetts in the Massachusetts Archives, cxii. 225. See also Minutes of the Executive Council of New York, i. 121, 142.
282 His journal is printed below, pp. 188–191.
283 Minutes of the Executive Council of New York, ii. 664; New York Colonial Documents, xiv. 673.
284 The petition is printed below, pp. 191–192.
285 These statements are based upon extensive study by the writer of New York’s Indian policy. A few references will suffice to illustrate their truth. As early as 1662 an attack by the Mohawks upon an English trading house on the Kennebec was the subject of negotiations between Massachusetts and the Dutch (Brodhead, i. 704; New York Colonial Documents, xiii. 224–227, 240, 297, 355, 378). Complaints of depredations by the Mohawks in Hampshire County were considered by the General Court in 1667 (Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. iv. pt. ii. 359). The attempt of Connecticut and Massachusetts to get aid from the Mohawks at the time of King Philip’s War and the attitude of New York at that time may be traced in Connecticut Colonial Records, ii. 397, 407, 414, 419, 426, 436, and F. B. Hough, Easton’s Narrative and other Documents relating to King Philip’s War (1858), pp. 155–159. The attitude of New York during Lt.-Gov. Dummer’s War is sufficiently illustrated in the notes printed by McIlwain, Wraxall’s Abridgment, pp. xlix, xciv.
286 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. iv. pt. ii. 548.
287 Ibid. 558.
288 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. iv. pt. ii. 570; Massachusetts Archives, iii. 25.
289 Alvord and Bidgood, First Explorations of the Trans-Allegheny Region by the Virginians, 1650–1674, p. 244.
290 But see the opinion of F. E. Melvin in the Mississippi Valley Historical Review, i. 260–262. Melvin believes that Coxe was less credulous than has been generally supposed.
291 I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to Mr. S. E. Morison for his suggestions and criticisms, which have been of great assistance to me in the preparation of this paper.
292 Massachusetts Archives, cxii. 222–224.
293 Massachusetts Archives, cxii. 221.
294 The poem was communicated in February, 1915 (see p. 27, above), but its publication has been delayed until the text could be collated with the manuscript in Dublin.
295 Publications, xiii. 254–259.
296 One in John Lloyd’s Short Tour (1780); the second in O’Looney’s Clare Bards (1863); and the third in Father Dinneen’s edition of Tadag Gaolach O’Sullivan (1893).
297 Published in The Nation (Dublin, 1858), N. S., ix. 731, 763.
298 Dublin (1913), p. 217.
299 Irish MS. No. IX.
300 MS. 23/B37.
301 London (1906), pp. 13–14.
302 bhúr, O’C; do, MS. R. I. A
303 tréith, MS. R. I. A.; faon, O’C.
304 So O’C; mar cruadann a coiléir (an coiléir), MS. R. I. A.
305 Dr. Hyde is not quite sure that the MS. has scolta; possibly the reading should be seolta, “guided,” “taught.” In either case the reference would be to the poor Gaelic people.
306 do throideadh, O’C; do throideann, MS. R. I. A.
307 Laoisigh, O’C; laoirce, MS. R. I. A.
308 lease, O’C; leighis, MS. R. I. A.
309 nuair, O’C; tan, MS. R. I. A.
310 chíos, O’C; chuing, MS. R. I. A.
311 Os doigh linn na mairid, O’C; Os dóthchus na maireann, MS. R. I. A.
312 is le fíoch, O’C; agus fíoch, MS. R. I. A.
313 Inis Eilge, “Island of Elg,” is an old poetic name for Ireland of uncertain origin. Compare Kuno Meyer, in the Berlin Sitzungsberichte, 1913, p. 446.
314 “Brother O’Leary” is the Reverend Arthur O’Leary, a Capuchin friar, who labored conspicuously to keep the Irish Catholics loyal to the British throne. By so doing, O’Meehan declares, he tightened the yoke (literally, the collar) for the man who is wandering. It seems safest to interpret this phrase as a general reference to the wretchedness of the poor Gaels, though a more particular application to the fortunes of the young Pretender is also possible. In O’Meehan’s other poem on Washington, it may be recalled, the name of “the innocent Charles Stuart” was linked with those of Louis of France and the American leader, and at the time when the second song was written the condition of Charles Edward was certainly that of a discredited wanderer. Still the figure of “tightening the yoke” seems to apply best to the oppression of the people. The last couplet of the stanza doubtless means, as Dr. Hyde suggests, that O’Leary was making a profit out of bribes, while the wretched Gaels got nothing but “leave to talk.” O’Leary is known to have been in receipt of a government pension, for his loyal writings, before 1784. The “lad of gold” has not been identified, unless the name applies also to O’Leary. The order of the passage seems at first to favor the view that some other character is referred to. But this is by no means certain, and the epithet would have been a natural one for O’Meehan to apply to O’Leary. It might be interpreted as a general term of praise, here ironically employed with reference to the popular and prosperous clergyman; or one might even see in the phrase a double meaning which anticipates the later reference to bribes.
315 At Harvard the degree of Master of Arts, which from 1645 to 1869 was given in course — that is, at the end of the third year after obtaining the degree of Bachelor of Arts — has been granted since 1869 on examination only. Hence, previous to 1870, no date follows the A.M. degree, unless it was granted more than three years after graduation.
In the 1830 Harvard Triennial the names of those who received honorary degrees were for the first time placed by themselves at the end, each under the year when the degree was conferred. Previous to 1830 the practice was confusing, for the name of each recipient was placed under the class in which he graduated A.B. in some other college; or, if he was not a college graduate, in the class to which he presumably would have belonged had he gone to college; and a dash separated the names of those who graduated A.B. from those who received honorary degrees, the date when the latter were conferred being also given. Thus the first degrees conferred on Franklin and on Washington were respectively A.M. in 1753 and LL.D. in 1776, both from Harvard. In the 1754 Triennial the name of Franklin appears under the class of 1724, and in the 1776 Triennial that of Washington under the class of 1749. That is, it was assumed that if Franklin and Washington had gone to college they would have graduated in those years respectively.
The early practice at Yale was still more confusing, since no dash separated the names of those graduating A.B. from those receiving honorary degrees, and no date was attached to the names of the latter.
316 That is, the entry so stood as regards the date of the conferring of the degree. In the 1772 and 1775 Yale Triennials Mather’s Harvard class is misprinted 1725. Innumerable differences in typography, in arrangement, and in details occur in the different editions of both the Yale and the Harvard Triennials and Quinquennials.
317 Diary of Cotton Mather, ii. 805, 758–759, 762–763.
318 Our associate Professor Franklin B. Dexter, to whom I am indebted for information about the 1742–1745 and 1751 Triennials, writes: “In 1868 the change to 1725 was made, unhappily, on the theory that if given in 1724 it would have been entered in the Catalogue of that year, and also because, although other instances could be found where in those early days a Master’s degree was given two years after a Bachelor’s degree, no other instance occurs of a Master’s degree after an interval of one year.”
319 There has been much uncertainty in regard to degrees, honorary or otherwise, conferred on Harvard graduates by foreign universities previous to 1731, and different editions of the Triennials and Quinquennials vary in this respect. The following list is compiled from the 1915 Quinquennial:
- 1642 Benjamin Woodbridge, A.M. Oxford 1648
- 1642 Henry Saltonstall, M.D. Padua 1649
- 1645 James Ward, A.M. Oxford 1648, M.B. Oxford 1649
- 1650 William Stoughton, A.M. Oxford 1653
- 1650 John Glover, M.D. Aberd. 1654
- 1650 Leonard Hoar, M.D. Cambr. 1671
- 1651 Isaac Chauncy, M.D.
- 1651 Ichabod Chauncy, M.D.
- 1653 Joshua Ambrose, A.M. Oxford 1656
- 1656 Increase Mather, A.M. Dublin 1658
- 1656 John Haynes, A.M. Cambr. 1660
- 1674 Edmund Davie, M.D. Padua
- 1678 Cotton Mather, S.T.D. Glasgow 1710
- 1684 Samuel Myles, A.M. Oxford 1693
- 1693 William Vesey, A.M. Oxford 1697
- 1699 Jeremiah Dummer, Ph.D. Utrecht 1703
- 1701 Timothy Cutler, S.T.D. Oxford 1723, Cambr. 1723
- 1710 Edward Wigglesworth, S.T.D. Edinburgh 1730
- 1722 Ebenezer Miller, A.M. also Oxford 1726.
It is not known when or from what university the Chauncys received their degrees, nor when Davie obtained his. It may be added that George Stirk, who graduated in 1646 and later changed his name to Starkey, presumably also received the degree of M.D., though again when and from what university is unknown.
320 The bestowal of an honorary degree on a Harvard man by a foreign university was usually, if not always, noted in the Boston newspapers of the eighteenth century. Thus Cutler’s degree from Oxford was noted in the New England Courant of July 22, 1723, p. 2/1; and Wigglesworth’s degree from Edinburgh was noted in the Boston News Letter of August 27, 1730, p. 2/1.
321 New England Weekly Journal, November 8, 1731, p. 2/2. The same notice appeared in the Boston News Letter of November 4.
322 In College Book III. 137–170 are entered twenty-five diplomas for honorary degrees, most of which were received by Harvard graduates from other universities or conferred by Harvard College. A list of these was given by Mr. William C. Lane in our Publications, x. 230 note 2.
323 Mather employed the title in books published in 1728 and 1732: see pp. 223, 224, below. The New England Weekly Journal of Monday, January 31, 1732, said that “On Friday last the Old North Church in this Place made Choice of Mr. Samuel Mather, Chaplain at His Majesties Castle William, to succeed his Renowned Father in the Pastoral Office among them” (p. 2/2. A similar item appeared in the Boston News Letter of February 3, p. 2/2). And the Weekly Rehearsal of February 28 stated that “The Rev. Mr. Samuel Mather, lately Chaplain of Castle William has accepted the Choice to succeed his Father in the Pastoral Charge of the Old North Church” (p. 2/2. A similar item appeared in the Boston News Letter of March 2, p. 2/2). The date “January 28, 1730–31,” given in Cotton Mather’s Diary (ii. 818), should be January 28, 1731–32. Samuel Mather was ordained colleague pastor June 21st: see New England Weekly Journal, June 19, p. 2/1, June 26, p. 2/1; Weekly Rehearsal, June 26, p. 2/2.
It appears, then, that Samuel Mather was Chaplain from 1728 (or earlier) to 1732, when he resigned after being chosen colleague pastor with the Rev. Joshua Gee. His resignation of the chaplaincy clears up a matter which puzzled the editors of the Belcher Papers. On August 12, 1732, Governor Belcher wrote to his son Jonathan Belcher, Jr. (H.C. 1728):
Mr Warren shall know your concern (and my readiness) to serve him. But Collll Tailer (before his death) had fix’d a successor to Mr Mather, Mr Moseley (whom you knew at College, being, I think, next class to yours) (Belcher Papers, i. 164).
The reference is to the Rev. Samuel Moseley (H.C. 1729), and the editors remark: “Apparently he had been designated by Lieutenant-Governor Tailer for some civil employment.” Tailer died March 1, 1732, and evidently the allusion in Belcher’s letter was to the chaplaincy of the Castle.
324 This statement is slightly inaccurate, as Mather’s Aberdeen degree is not in the 1895 Quinquennial: see p. 217, below.
325 I am indebted to Mr. C. Chester Lane, the present editor of the Quinquennial, for information in regard to this correspondence and for a reference to Scottish Notes and Queries.
326 Cotton Mather was three times married: first, May 4, 1686, to Abigail Phillips; second, August 18, 1703, to Elizabeth (Clark) Hubbard; third, July 5, 1715, to Lydia (Lee) George. By his first wife there were, disregarding daughters, three sons: Joseph, born March 28, 1693, died April 1, 1693; Increase, born July 9, 1699, drowned at sea in September, 1724; and Samuel, born December 13, 1700, died February 7, 1701. By his second wife there were, also disregarding daughters, three sons: Samuel, born October 30, 1706, H.C. 1723, died June 27, 1785; Nathaniel, born May 16, 1709, died November 24, 1709; and Eleazar, born October 30, 1713, died November 17–18, 1713. There were no children by his third marriage. The above dates, often wrongly given, are taken (of course with the exception of the date of death of Samuel Mather of H.C. 1723) from Cotton Mather’s Diary. In 1726 Samuel Mather called himself the “only Brother” of his sister, and in 1728 the “only Son of” his father: see pp. 220 note 2, 221, below.
327 See F. B. Dexter’s Yale Biographies and Annals, i. 627–628.
328 In books printed between 1761 and 1773, Mather used only the degree A.M. (or M.A.): see p. 225, below.
329 Literary Diary, ii. 169.
330 P. 3/1. “A Poem On Occasion of the Death of Dr. Thomas Mather, . . . By a young Gentleman intimately acquainted with the late Doctor,” was printed in the Boston Evening Post of January 24, 1763, p. 1/2. In a letter (owned by the Massachusetts Historical Society) to Thomas Hollis dated December 11, 1762, Samuel Mather mentions the death of his son. On July 15, 1761, the Corporation took the following action:
At the same Meeting The Rev Mr Sam Mather of Boston desird the Corporation to grant to his Son, who is in the Practice of Physic, a Degree of Master of Arts, the Corporac͞on in Consideration, That his sd Son had never been at any College & not being satifyed in his Qualifications in Classic Learning, or his fitness in any other Regard for the sd Degree, & there being no Time for his Examination (wch yet his Father consented he shou’d submitt to, if it was requir’d) for the sd Reasons the above Request was deny’d unanimously (College Book vii. 90–91).
331 Overseers’ Records, ii. 153.
332 College Book vii. 184.
333 Boston Gazette, May 15, 1769, p. 2/1. “The Subject was exposing the Idolatry of the Church of Rome, &c.”
334 College Book vii. 260.
335 Boston Gazette, July 26, 1773, p. 3/1.
336 President Langdon’s only honorary degree was that of D.D. from Aberdeen in 1762, and that he must have received his diploma at the time stated in the text is shown by the following title: “The Duty and Honor of A Minister of Christ. A Sermon Preached at Windham, near Casco-Bay, at the Ordination Of the Reverend Mr. Peter Thacher Smith, To the Work of the Gospel Ministry, and the Pastoral Care of the Church there, September 22, 1762. By Samuel Langdon, D.D. Pastor of the First Church in Portsmouth. . . . Portsmouth, . . . 1763.”
337 Publications of this Society, xiv. 285 and note.
338 In the Boston News Letter of September 15, 1726, appeared this advertisement:
JUst Published, An Essay to bespeak & engage Early Piety; Occasioned by the Early Departure of Mrs. Elizabeth Cooper, by her Father, Dr. Mather, with an Elegy by her only Brother. Sold by John Phillips on the South Side of the Town House Boston (p. 2/2).
The exact title of the sermon is: “Pietas Matutina. One Essay more, To Bespeak and Engage Early Piety; Made On an Occasion taken from the Early Departure of Mrs. Elizabeth Cooper, At the Age of Twenty-two August 7 1726. By her Father. . . . Boston: Printed for J. Phillips, MDCCXXVI.” Samuel Mather’s elegy, printed on the last two pages of the pamphlet, consists of fourteen stanzas of four lines each, and is entitled: “Thoughts, Produced by the Death of Mrs. Elizabeth Cooper, In the Sorrowful Mind of her only Brother.” The first stanza is as follows:
Say, Mournful Song, what gloomy grief
Invades my mind, untunes my Soul!
And try to bring me some relief,
To stay the winds, and waves controul.
For information about the pamphlet itself, which is rare, I am indebted to the officials of the Library of Congress.
339 The title, somewhat misleadingly given by Sabin, is as follows:
The State of Religion in New-England, Since the Reverend Mr. Whitefield’s Arrival there. In a letter from a Gentleman in New-England to his Friend in Glasgow. To which is subjoined an Appendix, containing Attestations of the principal Facts in the Letter, By The Reverend Mr. Chauncy, . . . Mr. John Caldwell, Mr. John Barnard . . . Mr. Turell, Mr. Jonathan Parsons . . . and Dr. Benjamin Colman . . . Glasgow, . . . mdccxlii.
340 The only copy I have seen of the second edition lacks the title-page. The card catalogue of the Boston Public Library gives 1742 as the date of this edition, but doubtless Sabin is correct in stating that it was published in 1743.
341 It was advertised as “This Day Published” in the Boston Evening Post of February 8, 1783, p. 3/2, and in the Boston Gazette of February 10, p. 3/2; and as “Just Published” in the Boston Gazette of February 17, p. 1/3, March 3, Supplement, p. 2/3, March 17, Supplement, p. 2/2, and in the Independent Chronicle of February 20, p. 1/2. On March 13, 1783, the Rev. John Eliot wrote: “P. S. Matheetes Archaios is too despicable to have anything said about it” (Belknap Papers, iii. 250). Mr. Evans writes me that he cannot recall his authority for the attribution to Mather. Professor Dexter makes the suggestion, confirmed by Mr. Evans, that this was the Brinley Catalogue, where an entry reads: “Serious Letter to the Young People of Boston, . . to guard them against Error, etc. By Matheetes Archaios [S. Mather?] Boston, 1783” (no. 6397, iv. 49). Mr. Dexter adds: “We bought this volume at the Brinley sale, and the title-page has ‘S. Mather?’ written in it in ink, in a not-modern hand. In cataloguing this copy, some thirty years ago, I considered this attribution; but decided that it was not very probable.” As the volume came from the library of the Rev. Dr. Joseph McKean, perhaps the query is in his hand.
342 The funeral discourses which were customarily delivered at that time on the death of a prominent person sometimes contain valuable information. That no funeral discourse or sermon was preached after Mather’s death was due to his own desire. He died June 27 and was buried June 30, 1785: see the Massachusetts Centinel of June 29, p. 3/2; and the Independent Chronicle of June 30, p. 3/2, which prints extracts from his will. In the Boston Magazine for June we read:
30. On Monday morning last, departed this life, and entered into rest, Doctor SAMUEL MATHER, of this town, in the 79th year of his age. He left positive orders that his interment should be private, and without any ceremony: he has also signified his desire, that he may not have any funeral encomiums from any quarter. On Thursday he was interred, without the least ceremony, at 5 minutes past sun setting, followed by six persons, without pall bearers, in conformity to his will, and laid in the family tomb (ii. 237).
343 The Harvard College Library owns an interesting copy of a book entitled:
An Abridgment of the Life Of the late Reverend and Learned Dr. Cotton Mather, of Boston in New-England. Taken from the Account of him published by his Son, the Reverend Mr. Samuel Mather. . . . By David Jennings. Recommended by I. Watts, D.D. . . . London: . . . 1744.
This is a presentation copy from Watts to Mather and from Mather to the College, and a note on the College book-plate says that “This book belonged to the Library before the fire Jan. 24. 1764.” Watts’s Recommendation is dated “Newington near London, Aug. 13. 1743;” and in the Preface Mr. Jennings says that from Samuel Mather “I have received a very civil and obliging Letter, with full Leave and Liberty to make such an Abridgment of his Book as is here attempted. I hope he will not be displeased with my prefixing his License to this Work, without which I should not have undertaken it.” Then follows Mather’s letter.
344 Not before attributed to Mather. It is a reply to Dr. William Douglass’s “A Dissertation concerning Inoculation of the Small-Pox. . . . Boston, N.E. . . . M.DCC.XXX.” My authority for the attribution of the Letter to Mather is a note on the fly-leaf of a volume owned by the Massachusetts Historical Society containing various pamphlets, among them Douglass’s Dissertation and the Letter. This note reads:
Dissertation on Inoculation.
By Dr. Duglas.
Remarks on it by Sam. Mather
This note may or may not be correct, but is given for what it is worth. As Mather appears to have written on inoculation in 1722, he might well have returned to the subject in 1730: see p. 220, above. Mather’s interest in the subject is attested by a copy, now in the Boston Athenaeum, of Dr. James Jurin’s “An Account Of the Success of Inoculating the Small Pox in Great Britain. . . . The Second Edition. London: . . . 1724.” This has marginal notes apparently in the hand of Mather, and on the title-page are written in ink these inscriptions: “Sam. Mathers 1727” and “The Gift of the Author.”
345 The dedication was perhaps an afterthought, due to the receipt of the diploma, for this advertisement appeared on October 18, 1731:
SUbscriptions towards Printing an Essay concerning Gratitude, by Mr. Samuel Mather, are taken in by Thomas Hancock, Bookseller (Weekly Rehearsal, p.2/2).
Though bearing the date 1732 on the title-page, this Essay was published late in 1731, as appears from an advertisement on December 27, 1731:
THIS may inform the Gentlemen who Subscribed to Mr. Samuel Mather’s Essay concerning GRATITUDE, that the Books are now ready to be delivered to their Order.
N.B. Some Books will remain to be Sold after the Subscribers are supply’d, by Tho. Hancock (Weekly Rehearsal, p. 2/2).
It is perhaps worth while to call attention to this early instance of the practice, now so common among publishers, of placing the following year on the title-pages of books issued in the closing weeks or months of a year.
346 Haven, Sabin, and Evans enter the book under “Rock-man, Constant,” without attempting to identify the author. They also state that the date on the title-page is misprinted mdcclviii. In the only copies I have seen the date is correctly given. In 1885 the late William Cushing wrote in his Initials and Pseudonyms:
Rock-man, Constant, M.A. Rev. Nicholas Bowes. Modest account concerning the salutations and kissings in ancient times. . . . B. 1768 (p. 252).
Bowes, Rev. Nicholas, M.A., — 1755. Constant Rock-man. An American Cong, minister; Harv. Univ., 1725; pastor at Bedford, Mass. (p. 361).
The Rev. Nicholas Bowes, son of Nicholas and Dorcas (Champney) Bowes, was born in Boston, November 4, 1706; married Lucy Hancock of Lexington; and died in 1755. Obviously, therefore, he could not have been the author of a book written in 1768. Mr. Cushing was perhaps led astray by two entries in pencil on the title-page of a copy of the Modest Account owned by Harvard College. One reads: “Was not this from & the answer to it written by Nicholas Bowes, for whom they were published?” The other reads: “See the Kiss of Charity.” This refers to a pamphlet (usually attributed to Shippie Townsend) advertised as “This Day Published” in the Boston Gazette of July 11, 1768, p. 1/3, and entitled:
An Inquiry Whether the Scriptures enjoin the Kiss of Charity, as the Duty of the Disciples of Christ, in their Church-Fellowship in all Ages. — Or, only allowed it to the first Disciples, in Consequence of the Customs that then prevailed. Occasioned by a Letter lately published by Constant Rockman, M.A. Intitled, “a Modest Account concerning the Salutations and Kissings in ancient Times,” &c. Containing some Remarks thereupon. . . . Boston: New-England. Printed by Kneeland and Adams, for Nicholas Bowes, opposite the Old Brick Meeting-House, in Corn-Hill. MDCCLXVIII.
Nicholas Bowes the bookseller was presumably that son of the Rev. Nicholas Bowes who was born October 20, 1737. The bookseller married Rebecca Wendell November 26, 1767, and died in Boston in April, 1790. (Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xxiv. 40, xxx. 48; Bedford Vital Records, p. 13; Paige, History of Cambridge, p. 494; Massachusetts Centinel, April 10, 1790, p. 3/1; Suffolk Probate Files, No. 19481. The accounts of the Bowes family in the New England Historical and Genealogical Register, x. 82, and in the Heraldic Journal, i. 109, contain inaccuracies.) Mr. Cushing confused the father with the son.
The Modest Account was advertised as “This Day Published” in the Boston Gazette of May 23, 1768, p. 3/1. In his Annals of the American Pulpit (1857, i. 373), Sprague vaguely enters in his list of Mather’s works: “A modest account of the salutations in ancient times (anonymous,) 1768.” A copy owned by the Massachusetts Historical Society bears the signature “Ezra Stiles Junij 25. 1768;” and under the name of Rock-man is written, in Stiles’s hand, “The Reverend Samuel Mather of Boston.” That this ascription is correct is proved by a letter (owned by the Massachusetts Historical Society) written to Thomas Hollis on May 17, 1768, in which Mather himself says:
I beg leave now to put into your Hands [Accipe, sed Facilis] a Letter obtained from me thro’ Importunity from Dr Chauncey, my Friend and Neighbour, and some others: which I have publish’d under a fictitious Name, [‘Rockman versus Sandeman’] lest some Offence might be given by my writing on such a Subject; tho’, I think, there is not any Thing justly exceptionable in it.
This letter was received in October by Hollis, who made this endorsement: “A modest account concerning the Salutations & Kissings in ancient times; in a Letter to a Friend, . . . By Constant Rockman, M.A. Boston, in N.E. 1768, in oct.”
347 Some copies of this pamphlet lack the bastard-title. The recto of this reads: “America Known to the Ancients.” On the verso is printed a letter dated “Bost. N.E. Dec. 31. 1772,” and signed “S.MATHER.”
348 This was in reply to a pamphlet entitled:
Salvation for all Men, illustrated and vindicated as A Scripture Doctrine, in Numerous Extracts from a Variety of Pious and Learned Men, who have purposely writ upon the Subject. Together with their Answer to the Objections urged against it. By One who wishes well to all Mankind. . . . Boston: . . . 1782.
The authorship of this pamphlet, usually attributed either to the Rev. Dr. Charles Chauncy (H.C. 1721) or to the Rev. Dr. John Clarke (H.C. 1774), raises an intricate problem which will be discussed on another occasion.
349 The pamphlet “Salvation for All Men,” advertised as “Just Published” in the Boston Gazette of September 2, 1782 (p. 4/2), caused a heated controversy. Mather’s “All Men will not be saved forever” was advertised in the same paper of Monday, November 4, as “Now in the Press, and on Thursday next will be Published” (p. 3/2). The same paper of November 25 (p. 3/2) announced for sale “A Letter to Dr. Mather. Occasioned by his disingenuous Reflexions upon a certain Pamphlet, entitled, Salvation for All Men,” presumably written by the Rev. Dr. John Clarke. In the Independent Chronicle of January 9, 1783, was advertised as “This Day published, And to be sold at EDES’s Printing-Office, in Corn-hill (price 4d.) A LETTER, to the Author of a Letter to Dr. Mather” (p. 2/2). This last is the pamphlet mentioned in the text, where it is inserted because usually ascribed to Mather; but I doubt very much whether it was written by him.
350 In 1792 began to be printed (1 Massachusetts Historical Collections, i. 256) an article headed “The following Account of the first settlement of Boston, was written in the year 1784, by the late Dr. Samuel Mather.” At that time the Collections of the Historical Society were printed serially, and this article happened to begin on the last page of a serial. At the bottom of the page is the catchword “But,” yet no more was ever printed. The reason is thus stated in the next serial at the bottom of p. 257:
☞ Doctor Mather’s account of the first settlement of Boston, which was continued from our last sheet has been mislaid; and as another copy cannot be obtained, we are obliged to leave it incomplete.
The Boston Public Library owns a broadside dated “Worcester, January 12th, 1789,” which reads in part as follows:
Proposal For Printing by Subscription, A Disquisition on the Most Holy Deity. In which it is endeavoured to communicate the Scriptural Doctrine concerning God, And his Manifestation to his Intelligent Creatures. By the late Samuel Mather, D.D. Pastor of a Church in Boston. Contents. The Preface. The Prologue. Chap. I. . . . Chap. XI. . . . [The manuscript of this valuable Essay was found, ready prepared for the Press, among the papers of the late author, after his death, and is now proposed to be printed at the request of a number of the clergy, and others, in this State, who have perused it.] Conditions of Publication. . . . V. The work to be put to Press as soon as 500 Copies are subscribed for . . . Subscriptions are received by I. Thomas, the intended Publisher, at his Bookstore in Worcester; . . .
It is not unlikely that this was the work (now owned by the American Antiquarian Society) which, as we learn from some amusing letters owned by the Massachusetts Historical Society, Mather had endeavored, through the joint efforts of Thomas Hollis, the Rev. Nathaniel Lardner, and Ralph Griffiths (publisher of the Monthly Review), to get published in London a quarter of a century earlier. Writing to Hollis on December 11, 1762, Mather said:
Within this current Year I have been busily emploied in writing some Disquisitions on very important and interesting Subjects. One of These I beg to enclose to you and inscribe to your Name, if it be thôt worthy to be communicated to the Public. As I am diffident of my own Composures, I commonly offer them to select Friends to read, before I think of sending them abroad. Accordingly I have desired the learned Dr Lardner in Hoxton Square London to give it an attentive Reading; and, if he approve of it and will signifie by a few Prefatory Lines, that it deserves Consideration, I am willing, that it should be made public: And, since you kindly signified to me, that Mr Griffiths in the Strand would print for me; I desire, that you would offer it, with my Compliments, unto Him. I hope, that your Modesty will not make You unwilling to receive my Dedication; especially since my Gratitude to your excellent great Uncle, as well Respect to yourself, is intended in it.
This appeal was not relished by Hollis, who replied on May 19, 1763:
Inclosed is a parcel from Dr Lardner. It contains the Mss which you desired me to lay before him, and a letter.
I likewise forward to You the dedication to that Mss. Dedications I never have accepted nor ever will accept, and I am utterly below them. I return you, however, my humble thanks for the honor You intended me, as well as for two curious publications.
What Griffiths said to me was, not “that he would print for you,” but “that the Reviewers should take notice of your dissertation in the Review, and would, probably, do the same by any other which You might send them.” And yet no notice was taken of it in the Review. As matters of this kind are out of my way, I beg the favor of You to dispense me from them in the future.
351 Proceedings, April, 1903, xv. 296–298.
352 There is a copy of this Catalogue in the Boston Athenæum.
353 David I. Bushnell, of the Bureau of American Ethnology, in a letter of October 21, 1915, to the writer of this paper, expresses well the opinion that he shares with all recent authorities, as follows:
There is of course absolutely no reason to attribute the origin of the pictographs appearing on the Rock to any but the North American Indian, as he was known to the colonists. The many and varied theories which have from time to time been presented, some regarding it as of Norse origin, appear to be without the slightest foundation or reason. The figures represented on the Rock do not differ essentially from those found over a wide extent of territory extending to the Ohio river and beyond. Therefore to select this one example as being distinctly of different origin is without justification.
354 Plate I. This photograph, measuring 9 by 13 inches, was presented to the Massachusetts Historical Society by George C. Burgess of Dighton, December 24, 1868. A stereoscopic photograph, taken by Augustine H. Folsom, a photographer of Roxbury and Boston, was also presented to the Society by Burgess on February 10, 1869. Eight other photographs, taken at various times between 1853 and 1913, are known to the writer of this paper. In every case the supposed lines were first chalked over on the rock, in order to render them more distinct. But the two Burgess photographs were evidently taken, either without any preliminary chalking, or at most with the faintest trace of it, — probably with none at all.
355 See, for example, E. G. Squier, in National Intelligencer, March 27, 1849, p. 2/1–3, extracted from the British Ethnological Journal, December, 1848; Garrick Mallery, Picture-Writing of the American Indians, 10th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1888–9, pp. 88 ff. The following is an almost exact quotation from Mallery, describing the ledges at the Pipestone quarry in Minnesota but adapted so that it becomes possibly applicable to the Assonet rock: “It was formerly a custom for each Indian who came to the vicinity to secure game or fish, to transcribe his totem upon the rock. This was done by pecking out the stone with some sharp pointed instrument or by the use of pieces of quartzite. The figures are of different sizes and dates. The excavation of the surface is often very slight, in many cases not exceeding 1/16 of an inch, and sometimes only enough to leave a mere tracing of the designed form. The hardness of the rock was a barrier to deep sculpturing with the imperfect tools of the aborigines; but the tenacity with which it retains impressions will warrant the assignment of any date to these inscriptions that may be called for within the human period. Yet it is probable that they date back to no very great antiquity.”
356 One of the most convincing evidences is the fact that on another part of the same rock is a group of characters so faint that they have apparently been seen and described by only one previous observer. Dr. Stiles made them out dimly in 1767, as he relates in his unpublished Itinerary, and was told by neighbors that they had been made not more than thirty years before. Without knowledge of their having been previously discovered, I saw them in 1915, and made a drawing in close agreement with that of Dr. Stiles. These figures, at least, must have been thinly carved in order to become difficult to discern within thirty years, and to have been overlooked by everyone else; and the wear of the rock must have been very slow indeed, since they are still discoverable after another 150 years.
357 The principal objections that have been urged against this conclusion are these: (1) The Indians were too lazy; (2) they had no adequate tools; (3) they left no other similar monuments. The replies to all these claims are adequate and convincing. (1) Among others, E. G. Squier, in the paper already referred to, says that the labor expended on some other inscriptions of known Indian origin is vastly greater than that required to make the Dighton Rock inscription; that the work on some single ones of their tools was probably little less; and that they had abundant leisure. (2) Very many trustworthy authorities have claimed that the stone implements of the Indians sufficed for the work. But besides stone, they also possessed copper tools. Moreover, for nearly a century before there occurs any mention of the rock, they obtained from traders an abundance of iron and steel as well as copper implements. How abundant and varied these were has been shown best very recently through the uncovering of about sixty Indian interments on Burr’s Hill, in Warren, Rhode Island. The collection is of the greatest historical value, and is preserved in the George Haile Free Library at Warren. It has not yet been adequately described, but some idea of it can be gained from the Providence Sunday Journal of August 24, 1913, section 5, p. 1, and November 30, 1913, section 5, p. 2. (3) A great number of Indian petroglyphs are now known and have been described by Schoolcraft (History, etc., of Indian Tribes, 1851), Squier (paper above cited; also Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley, 1847), Mallery (10th Annual Report, Bureau of American Ethnology, 1893), and others. Of examples on Narragansett Bay, six were pictured in Antiquitates Americanæ, 1837, and another by W. J. Miller in the Wampanoag Tribe of Indians, 1880. These and others have been described also by other writers. In the collection of the Old Colony Historical Society at Taunton is a headstone supposed to be that of a “praying Indian,” with an inscription that is supposed to have been made during the ministry of the Rev. Samuel Danforth. In the collection of the George Haile Free Library at Warren, is a small stone implement with an inscription, whose authenticity, however, has not yet been satisfactorily determined. Though they did not do it extensively, yet the Indians about Narragansett Bay did unquestionably make some rock-carvings.
358 Thomas H. Webb, quoted in Antiquitates Americanæ, 1837, pp. 356 ff.
359 Yates and Moulton, History of the State of New York, 1824, i. 86.
360 Rasmus D. Anderson, America not discovered by Columbus, 2nd ed., 1877, pp. 82 ff.
361 Prof. Elton, D.D., Report of the 18th meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1848, part ii. p. 94.
362 See pp. 251, 289, 291, below.
363 See pp. 267, 270, 290, below.
364 Indian names in Plymouth County, 1909, p. 42.
365 E. W. Peirce (Collections Old Colony Historical Society, 1885, No. 3, p. 113), who says that the name means either “what is most desirable or most noticeable” or “the place of stones,” thinks that the place alluded to is Joshua’s Mountain, near the village of Assonet, several miles from Dighton Rock. Dr. P. W. Leland, in a paper on Algonquin place-names read in 1858 (ibid. p. 89), is of the same opinion. The History of Freetown, 1902, gives still another interpretation, “a song of praise.” J. H. Trumbull (Collections Connecticut Historical Society, 1870, ii. 19) says hassun is never used in composition except in an adjectival sense, and consequently hassun-et could mean only “at a stony place.” It is not without interest in this connection to notice Rafn’s derivation (1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, 1865, viii. 175) from the Icelandic Esiones, from esia, a marshy district.
366 Plymouth Colony Records, i. 142: dated March 3, 1639–40.
367 ii. 58.
368 William Bradford’s Confirmatory Deed, Plymouth Colony Records of Deeds, v. 459.
369 Agreement as to Division of Land on Assonet Neck, Bristol County, Massachusetts, N. District, Land Records, Book 3, p. 287.
370 Plymouth Colony Records, i. 143.
371 250th Anniversary of the Founding of Taunton, 1889, p. 256.
372 Old Proprietary Records, Taunton, Book 4, pp. 185, 188, 189, 192; Book 5, pp. 155, 156, 158, 159; etc.
373 Called Asonate Cove in a deed of 1768 (Bristol County, Massachusetts, N. District, Land Records, Book 57, p. 41).
374 Collections Old Colony Historical Society, No. 3, 1885, p. 113.
375 Walter D. Nichols, in Hurd’s History of Bristol County, Massachusetts, 1883, p. 181.
376 See p. 289, below.
377 Mourt’s Relation (ed. Dexter, 1865), pp. 104–105.
378 Francis Baylies (Historical Memoir of the Colony of New Plymouth, 1830, i. 283) says that the territory of Taunton, including Berkley, was claimed by the sachem of Tetiquet, but was desolate and depopulated, owing to the ravages of the plague. But the whole country had been thickly populated. In another place (iii. 3) he says: “The lands of Mt. Hope and Poppesquash and, probably Assonet and Shewamit, were held by the Wampanoags. The last were uninhabited.”
379 Plymouth Colony Records, ii. 58.
380 In a letter to the Hon. John Davis, dated October 29, 1807, published as an “Account of the Writing-Rock in Taunton River” in Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1809, iii. 165–191. The statement quoted is on p. 181; and is again made by Kendall in his Travels, 1809, ii. 231.
381 Bristol County, Massachusetts, N. District, Land Records, Book 3, p. 198: 20 July, 1670. I am indebted to Charles R. Carr of Warren, Rhode Island, for this important reference.
382 The two names do not seem to be Anglicized Indian designations, but more probably terms applied by the English because of incidents known to them and hence occurring after their arrival. If so, our choice among known incidents is very limited, and the most likely occasion for their origin seems to have been furnished by the events of the period between 1642 and 1645. There were “conspiracies” by Corbitant and the Namaskets in 1621, and by other Indians in 1623; but apparently they had nothing to do with this locality. In 1632 Massasoit was attacked by the Narragansett Canonicus, and successfully defended by the English. Nothing connects this conflict with the region in question. From 1634 to 1637 occurred the Pequot troubles, ending in the extermination of this tribe. Many Indians were taken captive and distributed among the allies; and some of these were afterward shipped away to be sold as slaves. Several persons have suggested to me that some of these may have been held for a time on Assonet Neck. But this region was still a remote, almost unknown, unsettled wilderness. Moreover, Plymouth took no part in the Pequot War, and had no share in the captives. The names must have arisen later, in all probability. The evidence as to the disposal of the Pequot captives is fully discussed by A. W. Lauber in his History of Slavery in Colonial Times (Columbia University Studies in History, 1913, liv. 374–376). A few years after this war, however, the Narragansetts did for many years actively “conspire” against both the Mohegans and the English; some of their plottings were conducted not far away, at least, from the Taunton River; and they held for a time a number of Mohegan captives.
The known and unknown earlier rivals to this last named period are, therefore, merely unsupported possibilities. In its own favor, however, are a number of definite considerations. (1) “The Narigansets, after the subduing of the Pequents, thought to have ruled over all the Indeans.aboute them. . . . By reason of [their] plottings, the Indeans were drawne into a generall conspiracie against the English in all parts” (Bradford, History of Plymouth Plantation, 1912, ii. 363, 353). They planned, according to Lion Gardener, to let the English alone until they had destroyed Uncas, “and then they, with [other tribes], would easily destroy us.” The plot was an extended one; for, endeavoring to enlist the aid of Indians on Long Island, Miantonomoh told them: “We are all the sachems from east to west, both Moquekues and Mohauks joining with us, and we are all resolved to fall upon them all [i.e., the English], at one appointed day” (Gardener’s Narrative, in Orr’s History of the Pequot War, pp. 138–142). These “Moquekues and Mohauks” were probably not two separate tribes; for the name of the Mohawks was known in two forms, each spelled in many ways, of which Moquawes, Mackwaes, Mawques, Maquas, are some that I have noticed. “All the sachems [of Long Island] hadd accepted and promised assistants and soe hadd all the Sachems from the Dutche to the Bay” (3 Massachusetts Historical Society Collections, iii. 162). Some writers (e.g., S. G. Drake, Book of the Indiana; G. W. Ellis, King Philip’s War, pp. 26–35) blame Uncas and defend the Narragansetts; but “the belief was general that there was a widespread conspiracy among the Indians, with Miantunomo as their leader” (Bradford, ii. 354 n). Palfrey (History of New England, ii. 127 n) rightly insists that the reality of the alarm is shown by the record of public proceedings in all the colonies. (2) The Pocassets, living close to Assonet Neck, perhaps actually making use of it, may very likely have joined in these conspiracies; for their sachems, Corbitant and his successor Weetamoe, were always hostile to the English. “Ther was a Sachem called Corbitant, alyed to Massassoyte, but never any good freind to the English to this day” (Bradford, i. 225). (3) “Miantonomoh had, in some way, obtained possession of a portion of Massasoit’s domains,” which the English in 1643 endeavored to make him restore (Sylvester, Indian Wars of New England, i. 120 n. For confirmation, see Plymouth Colony Records, ix. 15). (4) In 1645, the Narragansetts occupied with hostile intent some place in this region. I find no definite indication as to just what place it was. However, the following statements are pertinent. The Commissioners of the United Colonies “sent to Plimoth to send forth their 40 men with all speed, to lye at Seacunke, least any deanger should befalle it, before the rest were ready, it lying next the enemie” (Bradford, ii. 380). “Forces were sent out of Plymouth under the command of Capt. Standish, and marched as far as Rehoboth, that being near the borders of the Enemy” (Increase Mather, Early History of New England, Drake’s edition, p. 195). This makes Assonet Neck, or the Pocasset country just south of it, a distinct possibility as the seat of the main body of the hostile Indians; for Seacunke alias Rehoboth, which Massasoit had sold to the English in 1641, extended nearly to the Taunton River. The southern extremity of Assonet Neck, with its wide outlook over protecting rivers, would perhaps have been the most favorable place in the region for their purpose. The following, from Edward Winslow’s Hypocrisie Unmasked (London, 1646, p. 85), seems at first sight to argue against this assumption: “And for Captaine Standish, this I heard him relate, that being at the place of Rendezvouzc, before the Massachusets Forces came, observing that some of the Inhabitants of Providence received the Indians into their houses familiarly, who had put themselves also into a posture of Armes, and the place within a mile of Secunck or Rehoboth where Captaine Standish lay; he sent to Providence and required them to lay aside their neutrality, and either declare themselves on the one side or other.” Yet this is not conclusive, for these may have been wandering individual Indians, or other bands, and not the main body of the enemy. (5) By this time the Narragansetts held many Mohegan captives; for one condition of peace with them was that they should “restore unto Uncass, the Mohegan sagamore, all shuch captives, whether men, or women, or children, and all shuch canoowes, as they or any of their men have taken” (Bradford, ii. 384). If they “conspired” on Assonet Neck, they doubtless guarded their “banished” prisoners near-by — and no other meaning for “banishment” is supported by anything that we know about Indian practices. As late as 1649, Uncas complained that these captives and canoes had not been returned to him (Plymouth Colony Records, ix. 144).
It is well known that charges of conspiracy were made against Alexander in 1662 (G. W. Ellis, King Philip’s War, 1906, p. 37), and against Philip as early as 1667 (p. 38). It may have been on one of these occasions that the island received its name, but there were no incidents in either of them suggestive of banishment. Again, in 1669, there was a “rumored Indian plot,” of which Ninigret was supposed to be the head, and in which some Indians from Pocasset were apparently involved (Connecticut Colony Records, ii. 548–551; Rhode Island Colony Records, ii. 264–286). There is given no indication, however, that any of its plottings took place outside of Ninigret’s own country. There may have been many other local and unrecorded “conspiracies,” by Indians or others, besides those here noticed. If the two names, “Conspiracy” and “Banished Indians,” originated together in connection with one series of events, then among incidents known to us those of the period from 1642 to 1645 appear to be the only ones offering a plausible explanation of them. But it is equally possible that they arose on separate occasions, and if so, that “Conspiracy” at least was of later origin. There is one other peculiar name applied to some place near-by, on the Freetown side of Assonet River, as to whose meaning it seems vain to speculate. This is a piece of salt meadow, “at a place called Behinde Noon, in a Cove” (Bristol County, Massachusetts, No. District, Land Evidences, Book 4, p. 492; record of 1705). It seems interesting and mysterious enough to be worthy of mention.
383 Plymouth Colony Records, xii. 242.
384 I have no desire to appear as possessed of any real knowledge as to the derivation of Indian names. But an amateurish attempt to see what could be made of the two here mentioned led to interesting results. I made use of Trumbull’s paper cited above, and of his Natick Dictionary (Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 25, 1903). The name Mastucksett is derived, as I judge from Trumbull’s manner of explaining similar names, either from maskhet-ock-set, “near the meadow land,” or from massa-tuk-set, “near the big tidal river” (i.e., the Assonet River). Either of these would be appropriate for Stacy’s Creek. The name Chippascutt is of more interest. It was without question applied to some place in or near Smith’s Cove, or to the Cove itself. This is a considerable widening of Taunton River opposite the village of Dighton, where the river is divided into two by Grassy Island. Dighton Rock stands on the shore of this Smith’s Cove. In the paper cited (p. 10), Trumbull says that peske-tuk means “a divided river;” and in his Natick Dictionary he gives the meaning of chippe as “(it is) separated, apart,” or divided. Thus chippe-peske-tuk or chip-peske-ut would be “at the dividing of the river.” But an alternative meaning seems warranted by the Natiek Dictionary. In it, there is no indication given of peske or anything similar meaning “river.” But -pisk means “rock;” chepisq or chippipsk means “a detached or separated rock.” According to this, chepisq-ut would imply “at the rock that stands apart,” and thus perhaps Dighton Rock. But again, the meaning “division” as well as “apartness” is justified by Trumbull’s examples (see the word “divide” in the Dictionary), and hence the word may signify “at the cleft rock.” Now a Cleft of Rocks — a narrow cleft about six inches wide and perhaps thirty feet deep in the massive conglomerate of Hospital Hill, at the northern end of Assonet Neck and at the head of the meadows bordering on Smith’s Cove — is a natural curiosity of the region, and is mentioned as a boundary mark in the original Assonet Neck deed of 1677, and in another deed of 1687 (Book 5 of Land Evidences at Taunton, p. 367). It may be this that is referred to in the name.
385 Plymouth Colony Records, v. 191 (10 March 1675–6), 240 (July 13, 1677).
386 Plymouth Colony Records of Deeds, Book 5, p. 199.
387 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, xxix. 318; Indian History, etc., 1878, p. 254.
388 I have had photostats made of this deed. It bears the signatures of Constant Southworth, Treasurer of Plymouth Colony, of Josiah Winslow, Governor, and of Nathaniel Morton, Secretary. Its seal is in fair preservation, and is a different one from that shown on The Book of the General Laws Of the Inhabitants of the Jurisdiction of New-Plimouth, Boston, 1685. The “V” of the word “PLIMOVTH” in the latter, is lacking in this; and there are other differences. The possession of two seals by the Colony appears not to have been known heretofore.
389 An Early Account of Dighton Rock, American Anthropologist, 1908, x. 251–254.
390 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, 1887, xli. 414.
391 Collections Old Colony Historical Society, 1889, No. 4, p. 16. Mr. Baxter in this paper expressly disclaims any pretension to critical accuracy and completeness, and is rather to be congratulated on the real discovery that he made than criticized for not having taken ampler notes.
392 The source of these quotations is discussed fully in a later part of this paper.
393 These biographical facts concerning the Danforths can be confirmed and extended from Sibley’s Harvard Graduates, i. 88, ii. 369, 507, iii. 171, 243; and from J. J. May’s Danforth Genealogy, 1902. I am myself indebted to Mr. Albert Matthews for them.
394 Assonet Neck was made a part of Taunton in 1682, of Taunton South Precinct in 1709, of Dighton in 1712, and of Berkley in 1799.
395 Now in possession of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Mrs. Eliza Howard, who presented it in 1796, wrote to the Rev. Jeremy Belknap concerning Samuel Danforth: “He was very zealous for promoting religion among the Indians.” The Vocabulary is in manuscript, and is not complete.
396 I take the liberty of quoting from a letter by Mr. Albert Matthews, written April 11, 1915, shortly after I had told him of my discovery of the real facts, to show that others shared the above opinion: “As I run over in my mind the reasons that led you, Mr. Gay, and myself to conclude that it was Samuel and not John Danforth who made the first copy, I fail to see how we could have reached any other decision from the available facts.” Samuel F. Haven (Proceedings American Antiquarian Society, October 21, 1864, p. 41) arrived at the same conclusion: “probably the Rev. Samuel Danforth of Taunton, though he must at that time have been quite a young man.”
397 A facsimile reproduction of the entire letter is given in Plates XII to XVI. It is more fully discussed below (pp. 280–291), where it is called the “Greenwood Letter B.”
398 So the writer is informed by Mr. Bushnell in a private letter.
399 The material is presented, however, in an entirely different manner. In the first letter it was quoted in part in the body of the letter, and then further information was added in a postscript. In the second letter the same quotation is given in the body, but there is enclosed also an entirely separate slip of paper containing all the facts, in place of the postscript. Later in this paper (p. 284, below), I present reasons for believing that this enclosed slip may have been written by Danforth himself, and that the accompanying drawing also may have been Danforth’s own.
400 See Plates XI, XV, and III. The version by Lort is from Archaeologia, London, 1787, vol. viii, plate xviii.
401 Thomas H. Webb, sending a copy of Danforth to Professor Rafn in 1834, says: “This is not sent with any idea that it will prove serviceable in your present enquiry, but simply to shew what strange things have been conjured up by travellers, and sent to Europe for examination” (Antiquitates Americanæ, 1837, p. 371).
Professor C. C. Rafn (in the same volume, p. 377) says: “Danforth’s drawing merits no confidence.”
Karl H. Hermes (Die Entdeckung von America durch die Islander, 1844, p. 123) calls it “eine rohe Abbildung.”
Daniel Wilson (Prehistoric Man, 1862, ii. 172–178): “As early as 1680, Dr. Danforth executed what he characterizes as a ‘faithful and accurate representation of the inscription.’” This statement is one of several errors of which Wilson is guilty.
Rev. Charles R. Hale, in an unpublished manuscript discussion of Dighton Rock (in the collection of the American Antiquarian Society; written in 1865), repeats this last statement, without reference to its source, adding that only a very vivid imagination could so describe it. He says further: “Danforth’s drawing is quite too incorrect to be the basis of any accurate reasoning.”
None of these critics, of course, had the advantage of acquaintance with the genuine original of Danforth; though that would probably have made little difference in their opinion. Hale had Seager’s cautious drawing in mind as his ideal.
402 Though perhaps the word “Mister” does not express the exact significance of “Dominus,” yet it seems to be the nearest English equivalent that we have; and is the equivalent that Greenwood used when referring to these persons in English.
403 Account of an antient Inscription in North America, Archaeologia, viii. 290–301.
404 Antiquitates Americanæ, Hafniæ, 1837.
405 The earliest mention of it in the subsequent literature of Dighton Rock that I have taken note of is by Samuel G. Drake in his edition of F. Baylies’s Historical Memoir of the Colony of New Plymouth, 1866, pt. v. p. 22.
406 A copy in the Prince Library (Boston Public Library) has on a fly-leaf the signature “Mary Thacher Her Book Anno Domini 1689,” indicating that the sermon was published before March 25, 1690. For this information, as well as for various references to Boston newspapers cited later, I am indebted to Mr. Matthews. There was a second edition of this book published in 1703 (Sabin, xi. 450).
407 Plate II.
408 Narrative and Critical History of America, 1889, i. 103. This is a reproduction of seven of them, from a plate in Antiquitates Americanæ.
409 Picture-Writing of the American Indians, Bureau of American Ethnology, 10th Annual Report, 1888–’89 (1893), plate liv, p. 762.
410 Plate VI.
411 Cotton Mather’s Election into the Royal Society, Publications of this Society, xiv. 82.
412 There are many later cases where there are differences between original and copy in the representations of this inscription. The degree of difference naturally grows less, as we approach modern times. Sewall’s original of 1768 was several times copied, and always with large variations. Many versions of the drawing of 1789 exist; and they differ. The copies of Kendall’s 1807 original are in important respects very different from it. The 1830 drawings by Bartlett and by a Committee of the Rhode Island Historical Society, and the Gardner photograph of 1875, have been more frequently reproduced than any others; and always with some points of difference, except when copied by a photographic process.
413 John Danforth was ordained at Dorchester, June 28, 1682.
414 Letter-Book, i. 116. Mr. Clarence S. Brigham, Librarian of the American Antiquarian Society, aided me in the discovery of this passage.
415 Jews in America, or, Probabilities that the Americans are of that Race, London, 1650. New edition with additions, 1660.
416 Archæology of the United States, Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 1856, viii. 5.
417 i. 122, 192, ii. 155, 163.
418 The United States elevated to Glory and Honor. A Sermon, Preached . . . At the Anniversary Election, May 8th, 1783.
419 Observations on the American Inscription. Read February 9, 1786. Archæologia, viii. 302.
420 First referred to by Edward A. Kendall, in Travels, 1809, ii. 224; and in the Diary (1911, iii. 322–323) of William Bentley under date of October 13, 1807.
421 To this, Professor Kittredge adds the following footnote: “No. 339 of the Philosophical Transactions has the colophon, ‘London, Printed for W. Innys, at, the Princes’-Arms in St. Paul’s Church-yard. 1714.’ It was afterwards assembled with other numbers to make up ‘Vol. XXIX. For the Years 1714, 1715, 1716,’ which was issued as a whole in 1717. The excerpts are on pp. 62–71. They bear the title, ‘An Extract of several Letters from Cotton Mather, D.D. to John Woodward, M.D. and Richard Waller, Esq.; S. R. Secr.’ The Letter-Book of the Royal Society (M. 2. 34) contains this article (as printed in the Transactions) in MS., prepared for the press (Gay MS., fols. 151–168).”
422 In further explanation, Professor Kittredge has kindly written to me as follows: “This is Mather’s communication, addressed to Richard Waller, Sec’y of the Royal Society, preserved in the Society’s Letter-Book M. 2. 21. 32 (written Nov. 28, 1712). My copy is from a transcript made from the Letter-Book for F. L. Gay of Brookline. It was from this letter that the report in Phil. Trans. No. 339 (for Apl.–June, 1714), vol. xxix, was made. At the end of this letter in the Letter-Book a part of the page is cut away. This cut-off bit obviously contained the inscription reproduced as Fig. 8 in the plate in Phil. Trans. . . . It does not appear that he ever made any further communication to the Royal S. on the subject. I have studied his subsequent communications (unprinted) very carefully, and have found nothing about the Rock. These communications were continued, at intervals, for several years. The latest were sent in 1724.”
423 There are at least two abridgments of the early numbers of the Philosophical Transactions. The one by Hutton, Shaw and Pearson, 1809, vi. 85, gives portions of Mather’s contributions, but omits altogether the reference to Dighton Rock. Philosophical Transactions, abridged by Henry Jones, volume v, 1700–1720, part ii, published in 1721, gives Mather’s letters more fully. His text concerning the rock is on p. 165; and his drawing of the inscription is given in Figure 72, on Plate VIII, opposite p. 190. The text is almost, but not quite identical, with that of the original in No. 339.
In case there should be any interest in comparing Mather’s actual letter with the Philosophical Transactions, we present the latter’s statement in full:
In the next place, he gives an account of a strange Inscription found on a Rock, in these Words. At Taunton, by the side of a Tiding River, part in part out of the River, there is a large Rock, on the perpendicular side of which, next to the Stream, are 7 or 8 Lines, about 7 or 8 Foot long, and about a Foot wide, each of them ingraven with unaccountable Characters, not like any known Character. He has not yet been able to procure the whole, which he hopes to be Master of before long, and has herewith sent a Copy of two of them, promising the rest; they are as is represented, Fig. 8 (No. 339, xxix. 70–71.)
Jones’s Abridgment, p. 165, repeats this with some differences of capitalization, etc. It also omits the phrase “which he hopes to be Master of before long;” changes “and has herewith sent” into “but has sent;” omits “promising the rest;” and changes “they are as represented, Fig. 8” into “represented in Figure 72.”
The “first line” is about 3⅛ inches long in the 1714 cut; the “second line” about ¼ inch longer; and the width of the two together about 1⅝ inches. The cut in the Jones Abridgment is of approximately the same dimensions.
424 See note on p. 417, below.
425 Mather’s drawing has often been characterized by other writers possessing a first-hand knowledge of the rock, and always unfavorably. I give such examples as my notes afford.
Edward A. Kendall (Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1809, iii. 188): “In the Doctor’s second line we are not able to discover a single figure resembling those on the rock, . . . though that part of the rock is at this day filled with figures the most distinct. . . . Dr. Mather, like his successors, toiled in the maze of conjecture;” he “substitutes for figures, at this day as plain as if they had been yesterday inscribed, others, of which it is impossible to recognize a single feature” (pp. 185–186).
Hon. John Davis (same volume, p. 197): “Mather’s copy is imperfect, and of little or no use.”
Samuel F. Haven (Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 1856, viii. 28): “very rude and inaccurate.”
Rev. Charles R. Hale (unpublished manuscript on Dighton Rock, 1865, in possession of American Antiquarian Society): “It is hardly possible to conceive of a more incorrect drawing than Dr. Mather, or the draughtsman employed by him, has given us.”
George A. Shove (in Hurd’s History of Bristol County, Massachusetts, 1883, p. 250 f): “It bears not the slightest resemblance to the sculptured characters, but appears as if executed by a person having the St. Vitus dance or the delirium tremens.”
426 Diary, ii. 85–86.
427 William Checkley (H. C. 1756) was an officer of the Customs in Providence, and died July 18, 1780. His widow married Dr. Stiles in 1782. He was son of the Rev. Samuel Checkley (H. C. 1715), first minister of the New South Church in Boston. See Literary Diary of Ezra Stiles, i. 58 note; and Providence Gazette Deaths.
428 Plate V. The “first line” of the other is shown in Plate VI.
429 Broadsides are known of a date earlier than this. See, for example: List of Early American Broadsides, 1680–1800 (Proceedings American Antiquarian Society, N. S., xi. 455–516); Weeks and Bacon, Historical Digest of the Provincial Press, 1911, i. 15, 16, 99 n, 219.
430 History of New England, ii. 593.
431 For my first acquaintance with Du Simitière’s manuscript I am indebted to Mr. Frederick L. Gay, who sent me his transcript of it. But he inadvertently omitted to give me also its author and source. A reference in the narrative to a visit by the author to the Rev. Dr. Stiles of Newport in 1768 led me to apply to Mr. Franklin B. Dexter, editor of Stiles’s Diary, for help; and he kindly suggested that I enquire of the Library Company of Philadelphia to see if Simitière might be the author sought. His surmise was correct, and the manuscript is No. 1412 Quarto in possession of the Library Company.
In Drake’s Dictionary of American Biography is the following brief account of the writer: “Pierre Eugène du Simitière, painter and antiquary, b. Geneva; d. Phila. 1788. A.M. of N. J. Coll. 1781. . . . He was an ardent patriot and a well-informed man, and collected materials for a Hist. of the Amer. Revolution.”
432 This date is evidently inaccurate, since Berkeley left America in 1731.
433 The valley known as the Wady Mukatteb, near Mount Sinai in Arabia, is lined with rocks and cliffs “engraved with ancient unknown characters.” These were called the “written mountains,” and were arousing interest and speculation in England analogous to that devoted to Dighton Rock, during the period under discussion. Among the earliest writers who mention them, according to Léon de Laborde (Journey through Arabia Petraea to Mount Sinai, 2nd ed., 1838, p. 259), were Belon, Neitzchitz, Monconys and Kirscha; but they attracted little attention. In 1706, however, Montfaucon published a French translation of the Topographia Christiana of Cosmas Indicopleustes, a writer of the sixth century, who believed that the children of Israel, during their forty years of wandering in the wilderness, made these inscriptions, “which have been preserved to this present time, as I suppose, for the sake of unbelievers.” In 1722 they were seen by the prefect of the Franciscan monastery at Cairo, who thought it probable that “these unknown characters contain some very secret mysteries, and that they were engraved either by the Chaldeans, or some other persons long before the coming of Christ.” His manuscript Journey from Grand Cairo to Mount Sinai was translated into English in 1753 by Robert Clayton, Bishop of Clogher, who was so confident that confirmation of the truth of the Biblical narrative of the Exodus would be derived from this source that he offered the sum of £500 toward defraying the expenses of anyone who would visit and copy them.
Such expectations were gradually abandoned, however, as the inscriptions became better known. They were visited, and some of them described and pictured, by Dr. Richard Pococke (Description of the East, 1743, i. 148), and by the eccentric Edward Wortley Montagu (Philosophical Transactions, 1766, lvi. 40–57; Gentleman’s Magazine, 1767, xxxvii. 374, 401: cf. Nichols’s Illustrations, 1812, iv. 625–656). The Rev. Thomas Harmer contributed to the discussion in his Observations on Divers Passages of Scripture, 2nd ed., 1776, ii. 142–153. Karsten Niebuhr went to the place in 1762, “although convinced that the wonderful part of the story of that mountain was perfectly imaginary,” and reported: “The marvelous part of this discovery by degrees disappeared; and the sanguine hopes which had been built upon it, vanished. . . . Those who examined them the most accurately, concluded . . . that they related nothing more than the names of travellers, and the dates of their journies” (Reisebeschreibung von Arabien, 1772; English translation 1792, i. 200–207).
This opinion seems to have been generally accepted. The writers in the English Review and in the Gentleman’s Magazine who reviewed Lort’s paper of 1787, were both so impressed by the commonplace outcome of these wonder-tales, that they regarded Dighton Rock as an empty marvel of the same kind. The latter says: “After the disappointment at the written mountain, one would not have thought the learned would have run after any more mountain scrawls” (1787, lvii. 699).
It was not until much later that the “unknown characters” were actually deciphered, and the opinion confirmed that their content was utterly trivial. The first success in this was due to Eduard Friedrich Ferdinand Beer (Inscriptiones . . . ad Montem Sinai, 1840). Suggestions as to later research and discussion can be found in the Princeton Review, 1870, xlii. 533, in Biblical encyclopaedias under the heading of “Sinaitic Inscriptions,” and in numerous books of travel.
434 These remarks refer to theories which in 1790 had recently been promulgated by President Stiles, Court de Gebelin, Vallancey and others.
435 English Review, xv. 180–182.
436 J. B. Nichols, Illustrations of the Literary History of the Eighteenth Century, 1848, vii. 504–506. Professor Kittredge gave me this reference and it was the clue to my discovery of the English Review.
437 Life and Letters of George Berkeley, 1871, p. 161. But compare what Fraser says later: “It is not to be supposed, however, that Berkeley travelled extensively in America, his knowledge of that country from personal observation was limited to a narrow region” (p. 162).
438 Biographia Britannica, vol. vi. pt. ii. 1766, Supplement, p. 16, Note I: “He was indefatigable in pastoral labours throughout New England.”
439 Bristol County, Massachusetts, N. District, Land Records, Book 13, p. 258.
440 Ibid. Probate Records, Book 20, p. 396.
441 In the Stiles Collection, Library of Yale University.
442 All authorities agree as to the date of Berkeley’s arrival at Newport. Dr. Fraser, however, his chief biographer, incorrectly names the Boston newspaper in which this event was announced. Benjamin Rand (Berkeley and Percival, 1914, p. 37) corrects the error, stating that both the Boston Gazette of January 27, 1729, and the New England Weekly Journal of February 3, 1729, make mention of the fact. The latter speaks of him as “Dean Barkley of Londonderry.” It is interesting to note that the pronunciation of his name thus indicated persisted for some time in New England. In 1750 an inventory was filed in Taunton, of an estate in Berkley, a neighboring town that had been named in honor of the Dean. The original instrument spells the name correctly; but the clerk who copied it into the Probate Records (Book 12, p. 158) gives it as “Bartley.”
The date of Berkeley’s departure for England has not yet found its way into his biographies. Even Rand fails to give it. Previous approximations have been based on a statement by Berkeley, in a letter dated September 7, 1731, that “I am now on the point of setting out for Boston, in order to embark for England” (Life and Letters, 1871, p. 188). Mr. Matthews has recently discovered that the exact day of sailing is shown by an entry in the Weekly Rehearsal of Monday, September 27: “Last Tuesday the Rev. Dean Berkley embark’d in Curling for London” (p. 4/2). The discovery seems to have been first made, however, by Mr. William E. Foster of Providence. In a paper on Some Rhode Island Contributions to the Intellectual Life of the Last Century, read before the American Antiquarian Society in April, 1892, he says: “The exact date, only roughly conjectured hitherto, even in the biography by Dr. Fraser, is found to have been September 21, 1731, through an entry under that date in an unpublished diary of Benjamin Walker. This manuscript is in the possession of the Massachusetts Historical Society” (Proceedings, viii. 103–132, 123 n). The entry in the Diary reads: “Dean Barclay saild in Curlin for London with family.”
443 For the birth-dates and names of his children, see Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xxiv. 205, 209, 214, 218. Two of these records are inexact, as indicated in later footnotes. For the main facts known concerning John Smibert, see especially W. Dunlap, History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the United States, 1834, i. 27–31. Horace Walpole (Anecdotes of Painting in England, 1771) says that Smibert was born in Edinburgh about 1684, and died in March, 1751, leaving a widow and two children. The date of death was actually April 2, 1751, as is proved by obituary notices in the Boston News Letter for April 4, and in the Boston Evening Post for April 8, 1751. Another item of interest which seems to have escaped the notice of the biographers of Smibert is the following advertisement, which appeared in the Boston News Letter of October 17, 1734:
John Smibert, Painter,
SELLS all Sorts of Colours, dry or ground, with Oils and Brushes, Fanns of & several Sorts, the best Metzotinto, Italian, French, Dutch and English Prints, in Frames and Glasses, or without, by Wholesale or Retail, at Reasonable Rates; at his House in Queen-Street, between the Town-House and the Orange-Tree, Boston (p. 2/2).
Queen Street is the present Court Street. The Orange Tree stood on the northerly corner of Hanover and Court Streets: see Memorial History of Boston, i. 548, vol. ii. pp. xiv (Plan B, no. 30), xvii, 452. For the site of Smibert’s house, see ibid. vol. ii. pp. xiv (Plan B, no. 33), xviii.
444 Suffolk Probate Files, No. 9822.
445 His death, on January 18, 1774, was noticed in all the Boston newspapers. The Boston Records give the date of his birth as January 29, 1732; but this is probably incorrect, for his sister Allison was born only eight and a half months before. He apparently entered the Boston Public Latin School in 1743, and its Catalogue (1886) discussed his name (which is commonly given as William) and his birth-date as follows: “The record [on the Town Records] is plainly Jan., but the date of baptism at the Old South, 2 July, renders it possible that the copyist has mistaken u for a, and that it should read Jun. The record of baptism gives the name as Williams, which being the family name of his mother, is very likely correct” (p. 62 note 10). See also Suffolk Probate Files, No. 15549.
446 These facts are taken, and can be amplified, from Nathaniel I. Bowditch’s manuscript Records of Land Titles, in possession of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Liber 14, pp. 257, 258. See also 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, ix. 208; Suffolk Probate Files, No. 16410.
447 The date of Nathaniel Smibert’s birth is always given as January 20, 1734. But inasmuch as a brother was born November 24, 1733, this date must be Old Style, and Nathaniel’s birth was in 1735. For the few facts known concerning his life, see: W. Dunlap, History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the United States, i. 31; Scribner’s Cyclopedia of Painters and Painting, 1887, iv. 192; and the next note.
448 “Yesterday Afternoon died here in the 22d Year of his Age Mr. Nathaniel Smibert, an ingenious young Gentleman, greatly esteemed by all that knew him” (Boston News Letter, November 4, 1756, p. 2/2). This passage corrects the usually given date of his death (November 8), as well as supporting the above correction as to his date of birth. Long obituary notices appeared in the Boston Gazette of November 8, p. 2/2; and in the Boston News Letter of November 11, p. 3/2.
449 As there is a bare possibility that the drawing may have been left in the studio and shared the fate of the other drawings and paintings that were there, I cite a few items that I have noted. In the work above referred to, Dunlap says on p. 351 that John Trumbull, when painting in Boston between 1777 and 1779, occupied the room which had been built by Smibert, in which remained many of his works. See also John Trumbull’s Autobiography, 1841, p. 49; Suffolk Probate Records, lxxxiv. 554–556. Mr. Charles H. Hart of New York informs me that some of Smibert’s paintings were still in the studio as late as the first decade of the last century. For further hints as to the use of Smibert’a studio or of the site on which it stood, and thus possibly as to the fate of its contents, see Memorial History of Boston, iv. 384; S. A. Drake’s Old Landmarks and Historic Personages of Boston, 1873, 72–74.
450 The United States elevated to Glory and Honor, New Haven, 1783.
451 Medical Repository, 1811, Third Hexade, ii. 176. Dr. Mitchill mentions the incident again in Archæologia Americana, 1820, i. 327.
452 “A Catalogue of the Manuscripts preserved in the British Museum hitherto undescribed: consisting of five thousand volumes, including the collections of Sir Hans Sloane, Bart. the Rev. Thomas Birch D.D. and about Five Hundred Volumes bequeathed, presented, or purchased at various Times,” London, 1782. I owe the facts concerning this Catalogue to Professor Kittredge, who explains further: “From Ayscough’s Preface (i. p. iv.) it appears that nos. 4101–4478 in his Catalogue are from the collections of Birch. Only nos. 1–4100 are Sloane MSS. In the present numeration in the British Museum, the Add’l MSS. begin with 4101. . . . 4432 (the Catalogue’s number for Greenwood) is the number of the MS. (now called Add’l. MS. 4432); 55 is the number of the article or division of the MS. Ayscough makes 86 divisions or articles (1–86) in this MS. 4432.” In connection with statements made below, it should be noted that this no. 4432 (now Add. MSS. 4432) is in the collection of Birch, not of Sloane. We shall later identify this reference with two letters of different dates by Isaac Greenwood, still in the British Museum, catalogued under slightly different numbers; and shall see that the “James” Greenwood was an error due to the fact that the letters were signed “Is.” and “I.” Greenwood, respectively.
453 Account of an antient Inscription in North America. Read November 23, 1786. In Archæologia, viii. 290–301. The same or a similar letter was later published in full by Bushnell, as discussed below.
454 F. Madden, “Index to the Additional Manuscripts, with those of the Egerton Collection, preserved in the British Museum, and acquired in the years 1783–1835,” 1849. This might prove to be a correct reference for the time when it was made, though incorrect now, on account of a change in the folio numbers.
455 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, 1887, xli. 414; Early Voyages to America, Collections Old Colony Historical Society, No. 4, 1889, p. 16.
456 Edward J. L. Scott, Index to the Sloane MSS. in the British Museum, 1904.
457 Charles M. Andrews and Frances G. Davenport, Guide to the manuscript material for the History of the United States to 1783 in the British Museum, p. 73. The reference is correct, but the folio number has been changed.
458 An Early Account of Dighton Rock, American Anthropologist, x. 251–254.
459 The person referred to was doubtless the Rev. Dr. Villers, and he was not Professor Greenwood’s correspondent. His identity seems to be conclusively established by the following notes, which I owe to the courtesy of Mr. Matthews:
Tothillfields is in Westminster, and St. John the Evangelist is in Smith Square, Westminster. In the Historical Register, 1736, xxi, Chronological Diary, p. 19, is the following: “Dy’d, . . . The Rev. Dr. Villers, Rector of St. John the Evangelist, Westminster.” This is under February, though no day is specified. On p. 15, under “Preferments,” is this: “Dr. Willis, Dean of Lincoln, to the Rectory of St. John, Milbank, Westminster, in the Room of Dr. Villers, deceas’d.” Millbank Street runs between Smith Square and the Thames, being connected with Smith Square by Church Street.
Even with these definite contemporary statements, however, it seems that the name under discussion must undergo yet another transformation. In a letter dated February 24, 1916, the Ven. Basil Wilberforce, Archdeacon of Westminster, forwards to me the following results of an inquiry made by Mr. J. E. Smith, “who is the antiquary expert of Westminster:” “There was never a Rector of St. John’s named Villiers, Villan or Viller. There was, however, a John Villa, who held the rectory for some years, including (so far as I remember) the particular years you mention. In the ‘Parochial Memorials of St. John’ you will find a reproduction of his signature obtained from the parochial receipts which the Rectors at that time used to give in respect of an allowance secured to them under the local Act. At the time the above mentioned Memorials were compiled every possible source of information was referred to with reference to the Rectors in succession of the Parish, but it happened that the John Villa in question afforded less information in the research than any one of the other Rectors. Such as could be gleaned, however, was incorporated with the Memorials. It was so sparse that I employed an expert to endeavor to render it more complete, but without success.”
Since there is a question as to whether the contemporary printed sources or the Parochial Memorials furnish the more reliable version of the name, I retain the spelling of the former in the text.
460 See first paragraph of Greenwood’s letter of 1730.
461 Reproduced in Plates VIII to XI.
462 See Letter C.
463 Reproduced in Plates XII to XVI.
464 Reproduced in Plates XVII and XVIII.
465 Neither Viller, nor Villan, nor any similar name beginning with a V or a W appears on the membership lists of either of the two societies in 1732 or thereabout. Cf. p. 279 note.
466 The Dictionary of National Biography speaks of John Eames as a “dissenting tutor.” “His reputation as a tutor, especially in natural science, was very great.” Dr. Isaac Watts considered him the most learned man of his acquaintance; and he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society through the influence of Sir Isaac Newton. He died in 1744.
467 The approximate measurements of these papers are as follows:
|
Letter A (6402.106, 107) |
8 × 12 |
|
Combined Drawing (6402.47) |
8 × 12¾ |
|
Letter B (4432.185, 189) |
7½ × 9 + |
|
Greenwood Drawing (4432.186) |
3½ × 9½ |
|
Danforth Drawing (4432.187) |
2¾ × 7¾ |
|
Danforth Slip (4432.188) |
2½ × 6¼ |
|
Letter C (4432.190) |
8½ × 11 |
468 Note particularly the difference in the capital “R” and in the manner of writing “ye.” Note also that the slip calls the river “Assonet” or “Asonet.” Greenwood knew that its name was “Taunton;” but, quoting the slip, he wrote: “Assoonet (as this was then called),” — meaning, perhaps, at the time the slip was written. The error in name is clearly due, not to Greenwood, but to the writer of the slip.
A letter written by John Danforth in 1698 is in possession of the Massachusetts Historical Society. It presents a great variety in the manner of forming the letters. Thus there are three forms of r; three of e; two of h, etc. Capitals T, H, S, and W are very like those of the slip. I noticed three cases of the occurrence of the word “ye;” in every case, the lower curve of the y is to the right, exactly as in the slip, although every other y in the whole letter, so far as I observed, even in “yr,” has the curve turned to the left. The e also being alike in the two, the whole “ye” becomes a strongly characteristic indication of identity. The spelling “neer” for “near” is reminiscent of the “meer” of the slip. This letter, therefore, although its very closely written page and variety of style give it at first sight an appearance very different from that of the slip, rather supports the assumption that the latter was written by Danforth.
469 This word is given in three different forms on the backs of the originals in the Museum: “dorse,” “dors,” and “dorso.”
470 Plate XVIII.
471 See C. W. Ernst, The Postal Service in Boston, in Professional and Industrial History of Suffolk County, 1894, ii. 443–504.
The British Post-Office Act of 1710, 9th Anne, Chapter 10, established a legal route and legal rates for mails from Boston, via New York, to London; the rate being 2 shillings per sheet, or 8 shillings for one ounce. But New York had no mail packets until 1755–56. Letters from Boston went by private ship, as so-called ship letters, instead of being sent by the legal route at the legal rates. If for London delivery and not carried personally to their destination by the ship’s captain, they were handed over to the “penny post” — not the Post Office, but a concern for handling local letters, whose charge for delivery was one penny.
Thus the above suggestion about the meaning of the “I N 5” does not seem to be warranted. Mr. Ernst, to whom I have submitted the problem, tells me that the “5–IV” indicates that the penny post received the letter on June 5th; and that the other marks indicate the receiving office. But if the penny post delivered for one penny irrespective of weight, what is the reason for the weight being indicated? Greenwood’s letter of three sheets and three smaller enclosures must actually have weighed not far from “1 oz.” “It is conceivable,” writes Mr. Ernst, “that your ship letter on arriving in London was gobbled by the postal authorities; but they could not lawfully collect more than a few pence.” The latest discussions of this subject of which I know are J. C. Hemmeon’s History of the British Post-Office, 1912, and a paper on The Colonial Post-Office, by William Smith, in the American Historical Review for January, 1916 (xxi. 258–275). They do not help to enlighten me as to the meaning of the I N 5, or whatever else is there written; and so I leave the solution of this question uncertain.
472 Evidence is not wholly lacking, however. The following mingling of surmise and fact is interesting and may be true; and it seems worth while to record a consistent and plausible speculation. On the Danforth drawing of Letter A (6402 f. 47), which is unquestionably a copy by Greenwood, underneath the first figure at the left is a character like a B lying on its side, thus: 
. It is not in keeping with the rest of the drawing, and looks almost as if it did not belong there. Yet Lort and all his successors accepted it as real and made it conform to the rest of the drawing. So also did Cotton Mather in 1690, though he made it look like a 9, not a B. But on this “original” Danforth drawing of Letter B (4432) it is much fainter than on the copy that Mather made and on the other copy that Greenwood made for Letter A. Moreover, it is not merely a B, but apparently a BI, and it clearly is not a part of the drawing itself, but an extraneous mark. Now it is a curious coincidence that these very initials are cut on another stone on the same property within half a mile from Dighton Rock. The owner of the rock at the time of Danforth’s visit in 1680, and again when Cotton Mather obtained his first drawing about 1689, was James Walker, a prominent man in Taunton, one of the original purchasers of Assonet Neck in 1677. In 1690, he deeded his property there to two daughters (see Bristol County, Massachusetts, N. District Land Records, Book 2, p. 242), one of whom in 1695 became the wife of Benjamin Jones (Memorial of the Walkers of Old Plymouth Colony, 1861, p. 421). The property was divided, and the part containing the Rock came into the ownership of this Benjamin Jones, who already dwelt there, the division line being marked by boundary stones on one side of which were “marked or engraven” the initials B:I: (loc. cit. Book 7, p. 720). In 1720, Hannah, widow relict of this Benjamin, deeded the property to her son Benjamin (loc. cit. Book 13, p. 258), who, since he lived until 1768 (Bristol County Probate Records, Book 20, p. 396), was dwelling on the place in 1730. He had personal knowledge of Greenwood’s visit at that time (see p. 270, above). It is barely possible that John Danforth visited in Taunton shortly after graduating from Harvard College; went to the Rock in company with its owner, James Walker; gave to the latter his original drawing, or one of them, and perhaps also the descriptive “slip” now in 4432 f. 188 to go with it; that later, possibly after Walker’s death (1691 or 1692), his daughter Hannah had these papers, and through her marriage they came into possession of Benjamin Jones; that he or his son Benjamin placed these initials on the drawing, and that it was from the latter that Greenwood secured the papers in 1730. My correspondent tells me that the paper of the two drawings, 186 and 187, seems different from the body of the letter, and smoother, especially 186. The two drawings, therefore, are apparently on differing paper, and 186 looks more handled than 187. As to the “slip,” 188, it is difficult to judge, because it is pasted onto modern paper of the British Museum. It is not probable that it was written by Greenwood at the same time that he composed his letter, because in such case he would have incorporated it into the letter. He already had it, as a descriptive companion to the drawing. Its handwriting may not be Greenwood’s and may be Danforth’s. It looks as if Greenwood had added to it not only the “No. 2,” but also the inserted “n” which corrects the previous spelling of the word “Tanton;” and other reasons have been given on an earlier page for the belief that the slip was not written by Greenwood. These considerations do not prove that the drawing and slip were by Danforth himself, nor that the initials on the drawing were put there by Benjamin Jones, father or son; they do not explain how Mather in 1689 happened to put another character in the corresponding position on his drawing; but they indicate interesting possibilities.
473 For B, see Plate XIV; for A, Plate XI; and for Lort, Plate VII.
474 Nathaniel Fisher was born about 1686; Harvard College, 1706; ordained in 1710; first minister of Taunton South Precinct, which, together with Assonet Neck, became the township of Dighton in 1712; continued in office until his death at the age of 91, August 30, 1777.
475 This is the end of the first page, except that the word “Time” is added at the bottom, to indicate the first word on the following page.
476 There is no evidence that any part of Taunton River was ever called Assonet. Its Indian name was Titicut, Tetiquet, or Tecticutt. Plymouth and Taunton records refer to it always as “down the river,” the “great river,” “Taunton Great River,” or later “Taunton River.” Assonet Bay and Assonet River are on the other side of Assonet Neck, and empty into Taunton River two miles below Dighton Rock. They are called by these names very frequently in the Proprietors’ Records between 1648 and 1669.
477 This word ends the second page of the letter.
478 Probably Mathurin Veyssière de Lacroze, who, according to Larousse’s Grand Dictionaire (xv. 973), was an “érudit et orientaliste français, né 1661, mort 1739.”
479 The words “that wch is under, with what is above Ground;” are here written in and crossed out.
480 This is an error made by Danforth: see pp. 284 note 1, 289 note 3, above.
481 The New England Weekly Journal of May 1, 1732, has the following entry: “Custom House, Boston, April 29. . . . Clear-Out, . . . Winslow & Scott for London” (p. 2/1). We have already seen that the letter was sent “Per Capt. Winslow.” This was doubtless the “Edw. Winslow” who “Entred Inwards” on the preceding 4th of March (ibid. March 6, p. 4/2).
482 MS. Minutes S. A. L., ii. 2.
483 The reason probably was that the drawings were not considered sufficiently complete and accurate. For we learn that before 1744 Eames sought to obtain a “more accurate copy” through Professor John Winthrop. See Archaeologia, viii. 295.
484 Archaeologia, viii. 292.
485 Letter of Frank O. Wales, town clerk, February 17, 1916.
486 Whitney’s error was reproduced by Anson Titus, Jr., in Charlton Historical Sketches (p. 21), but George F. Daniels in his History of the Town of Oxford (p. 40) and John Haven in his Historical Address (p. 7) give the date January 10, 1755. So also do each of the two histories of Worcester County published respectively in 1879 (i. 374) and 1889 (i. 746).
487 The petition is in the Archives, cxvi. 586.
488 cxvi. 764.
489 xx. 327.
490 Province Laws, vol. i. p. xxv.
491 Province Laws, iii. 781.
492 Province Laws, iii. 70–72.
493 College Book, i. 43.
494 Henry Saltonstall (1642) was a son, but not the eldest son, of a knight (Sir Richard Saltonstall). The only eldest son of a knight known to have been a student at Harvard was William Mildmay (1647), whose parentage has long been in dispute. It can now be stated, though the story is too long to be given in detail here, that he was not (as alleged by Savage and others) a son of Sir Henry Mildmay of Graces, Little Baddow, Essex, but was the eldest son of Sir Henry Mildmay of Wanstead, Essex. These two Sir Henry Mildmays were second cousins, both great-grandsons of Thomas Mildmay of Chelmsford, Essex. The Harvard graduate was a great-grandson of Sir Walter Mildmay, founder of Emmanuel College, Cambridge.
495 The latest instance I have noted is an allusion to “Sir Ballard, a resident Graduate” under date of December 2, 1801 (College Book, viii. 408). Cf. Publications of this Society, viii. 295 note.
496 There are numerous instances where graduates, even after taking; their A.M., remained in residence. I have nowhere seen any allusion to this fact, and, though many were no doubt studying theology, it is difficult to know exactly what they were doing. Thus Daniel Rogers (1706–1782) was still in residence on September 8, 1729; while Daniel Rogers (1707–1785) remained in residence as late as April 11, 1732 — or seven years after graduation.
497 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, xxxiii. 423.
498 Of the fifty-nine dates given by Mr. Dean, eight (1643, 1646–1650, 1682, 1689) are certainly wrong, one (1642) is probably wrong, while two (1644, 1645) are doubtful.
499 2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, x. 194–205, 360; xii. 72–73, 285–286.
500 1646, 1648, 1673, 1677, 1683, 1691, 1693, 1695, 1696, 1698–1700. The present paper cites contemporary records for all these dates except two — 1648 and 1673.
501 Magnalia (1702), bk. iv. p. 131.
502 On July 4, 1688, Sewall wrote: “Com̄encement managed wholly by Mr. Wm Hubbard; compared Sir William [Phips], in his Oration, to Jason fetching the Golden Fleece. Masters proceeded, no Batchelours” (Diary, ii. 219). Yet elsewhere he wrote under date of June 30, 1688: “Writt to . . . Brother . . . Stephen; . . . In Brother Stephen’s I inclosed the Com̄encers Theses” (Letter-Book, i. 85). Perhaps this entry was made some days after June 30 and Sewall inadvertently wrote “Com̄encers Theses” instead of “Quaestiones.”
503 1642, 1645, 1649–1652, 1654–1669, 1671, 1673–1677, 1679–1681, 1683–1686, 1690, 1692, 1694–1707, 1709, 1710, 1712–1716, 1718, 1724, 1728, 1729, 1736, 1752, 1757, 1764, 1774, and 1775. The Theses for 1642 were printed at Cambridge, but no copies are extant. Presumably they were dated, but if so the date was omitted when the Theses were reprinted in London in 1643 in New Englands First Fruits (pp. 18–20). Sewall mentions the Theses for 1707: see p. 335 note 2, below. President Stiles once owned the Theses for 1713, but his copy cannot now be located. Theses were printed in 1728 and 1729: see p. 338 note 3, below.
504 1687, 1689, 1721, 1727, 1730–1735, 1737–1739.
505 See pp. 332, 351, 352, below.
506 The year-date on the Theses for 1761 is also misprinted — “M,DCC,XLI.” instead of “M,DCC,LXI.” — but that misprint carries its own refutation. For another misprint in the year-date in 1808, see p. 366, below.
507 There were no public Commencements in 1752, 1757, 1764, 1774–1780. No Quaestiones are extant for any of those years, and no Theses for 1752, 1757, 1764, 1774, and 1775. But as Theses were printed in 1776–1780, there seems to be no reason why they may not have been printed in the other years as well, and also the Quaestiones for each of those years. At all events, simply because no copies are extant we cannot assume that none were printed. What were known as “private Commencements” were held in 1727–1735, but Quaestiones were printed in each of those years, as were also Theses (though those for 1728 and 1729 are not extant: cf. note 1, above).
508 Magnalia, bk. iv. p. 131.
509 1645, 1646, 1648–1650, 1652, 1654, 1661, 1662, 1667, 1670, 1672, 1673, 1677, 1683, 1706, 1721, 1752, 1757, 1764, 1774–1780, 1782, and 1783.
510 1722, 1727, 1730–1739, 1741.
511 It is not necessary to give here the Theses and Quaestiones that are fully dated, since they are all noted in the list on pp. 378–384, below.
512 See p. 332, below.
513 It will be observed that many more Quaestiones than Theses have been preserved. No doubt Mr. Lane’s conjecture is correct: “It is likely that the fire of 1764 was the cause of the destruction of many of the earlier Theses for it is to be noted that of the 21 sheets extant between 1642 and 1726 (85 years) the College Library has only four, while of the 58 extant Quaestiones falling within the same period, the College has 56. From this date down the file of both sheets in the College Library is fairly continuous. It is reasonable to conclude therefore that while the College file of Quaestiones escaped destruction in some way in 1764, the file of Theses perished.” Mr. Lane’s exhaustive and very useful article on Early Harvard Broadsides will be found in the Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society for October, 1914, xxiv. 264–304.
514 In describing in 1907 a file of the Boston News Letter owned by the Boston Athenaeum, I wrote: “In a communication to this Society made in October, 1864, on ‘Catalogues of Harvard University,’ Sibley, speaking of the Triennial Catalogues, said: ‘A few years since, I found an excellent copy of the one for 1715, bound near the middle of a volume of the “Boston News Letter” of that year, which is in the Library of the Boston Athenaeum. Being of the same size as the newspaper, it had till then escaped observation’ (1 Proceedings, viii. 31). This catalogue is no longer in the volume” (3 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, i. 205). When Mr. Lane was preparing his paper on Early Harvard Broadsides, he asked me whether the missing Triennial had since turned up, and I was obliged to report that it had not; but recently I found it bound in a volume of broadsides to which it had been removed.
515 This statement is based on an examination of every known copy of every Boston newspaper of the proper date from 1704 to 1728, my thanks being due to the librarians of the American Antiquarian Society, the Connecticut Historical Society, the New York Historical Society, and the State Historical Society of Wisconsin for information about certain issues. Of a few issues of the right date, no copies are known.
516 Nevertheless the dates of two Commencements before 1728, did we not know them from other sources, could be recovered from newspapers. The following notice is from the Boston News Letter of July 24, 1704: “Mr. Thomas Weld, a pious Youth, Son to the Reverend Mr. Thomas Weld, Minister of Dunslable, who took his Second Degree at Cambridge on the 5th Instant, Sickened on the Fryday following, Dyed the 21st Currant at Braintrey, and Buried at Roxbury the 22d” (p. 4/1). For the other instance, see p. 339, below.
517 “The Revd mr Urian Oakes was Installed Presidt of Harvard College by Govern. Bradstreet in the College-Hall on the Com̄encmt day. August 1680” (College Book, iii. 72). “Com̄encmt Day at the Presidts House 1712” (iv. 43). “At a meeting of the Presidt and Fellows of Harvard College in the Library on the Com̄encmt Day 1718” (iv. 62).
518 “At an Overseer’s Meeting in the College Hall, 7° Iuly. 1714” (College Book, iv. 53). “At a Meeting of the Presidt and Fellows of Harvard College at the Presidts House in Cambridge Iune 28, 1721” (iv. 72).
519 On June 17, 1729, the Corporation “Voted, yt ye Commencement for this year, be upon Friday, ye twenty-seventh of this Jnstant June” (College Book, iv. 138). The record of this meeting, in the hand of President Wadsworth, is immediately followed by a “Memorandum, on Commencement day, Jun. 28. 1729,” also written by President Wadsworth. In his Diary (p. 68), Wadsworth correctly dates the entry, “Commencement. Jun. 27. 1729.” “A Stated meeting of the Board of Overseers of Harvard College was held on Commencement day, the twenty seventh of June, A.D. 1870, at nine o’clock in the forenoon in Gore Hall, in Cambridge” (Overseers Records, x. 412): but Commencement Day in 1870 was June 28, not 27.
520 College Book, i. 93.
521 Overseers’ Records, i. 34.
522 College Book, iv. 39.
523 The dates in the Steward’s Account Book of Thomas Chesholme must be used with great caution.
524 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, iii. 374. The entry may have been made as late as 1745.
525 New England Historical and Genealogical Registry, xiii. 305–306.
526 Edward Holyoke’s Almanack for 1715 gives August 31 as Commencement, while Nathaniel Whittemore’s Almanack for 1715 gives July 6: the correct date was August 31. Other errors in almanacs are as follows. John Tulley’s Almanack for 1689 gives July 3 as Commencement: the correct date was September 11. Whittemore’s Almanack for 1721 gives July 5 as Commencement: the correct date was June 28. Nathan Bowen’s New-England Diary for 1727 gives July 7 as Commencement: the correct date was June 30. Nathaniel Ames’s Astronomical Diary for 1740 gives July 2 as Commencement: the correct date was August 27. Ames’s Astronomical Diary for 1749 gives July 5 as Commencement: the correct date was July 18. George Wheten’s Astronomical Diary for 1753 gives July 4 as Commencement: the correct date was July 18.
527 History of Harvard University, p. 9.
528 Collection of College Words and Customs, p. 55.
529 See p. 310, above.
530 Harvard the First American University, pp. 55–56.
531 Harvard Graduates’ Magazine, xx. 46, 250. In 1875 Edmund Quincy remarked: “Mr. Sibley finds himself unable to fix the precise day of the Commencement of 1642, but probably it was in August” (Harvard Book, ii. 152).
532 Life and Letters of John Winthrop, ii. 301.
533 Harvard Graduates, i. 15.
534 Attention may be called to a curious error that has crept into the Century Dictionary. In its academic sense the word “act” is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as “a thesis publicly maintained by a candidate for a degree, or to show a student’s proficiency,” and in the Century Dictionary as “a public disputation or lecture required of a candidate for a degree of master;” but the latter definition is incorrect and both definitions are imperfect, since the word also means (as in the passage quoted in the text) the occasion or ceremony of keeping acts. On May 6, 1650, the Overseers ordered that such as “expect to proceed masters of Art” were “to exhibit their Synopses of Arts required by ye Lawes of ye Colledge” (College Book, i. 44), the reference being to the 19th of the College Laws of 1642–1646, which reads:
Every Scholar that giveth up in writing a Synopsis or summa of Logicke, Naturall & morall Philosophy, Arithmeticke, Geometry; & Astronomy, & is ready to defend his theses or positions, . . . at any publike act after triall hee shall bee capable of ye 2d degree of Master of Arts (i. 44).
The order of May 6, 1650, was printed in Quincy’s History of Harvard University (i. 518), but the words “their Synopses of Arts” were misread by the copyist employed by Quincy and in the History are misprinted “their synopsis of acts.” The expression “synopsis of acts” obviously has no meaning at all; yet the above passage from Quincy’s History was quoted by B. H. Hall in his Collection of College Words and Customs (1851, p. 3), and also duly appears in the Century Dictionary under “act.”
It will be observed that in 1642 the students kept two “solemne Acts for their Commencement.” Mr. Lane suggests that the ceremony consisted of two parts: first, orations, etc.; second, defence of theses.
535 New Englands First Fruits, pp. 16–17.
536 History (1853), ii. 91–105. It is possible that the original manuscript of Winthrop’s History, if in existence, would throw some further light on the date of these passages; but unfortunately, as Mr. Tuttle informs me, the second volume of the manuscript (which contained the passages in question) was loaned to James Savage on October 27, 1825, and was destroyed by fire on the 10th of November following.
537 Massachusetts Colony Records, ii. 28. Cf. Love, Fast and Thanksgiving Days of New England, pp. 156, 178.
538 Massachusetts Colony Records, ii. 31.
539 Cf. Winthrop, History, ii. 55; Publications of this Society, xvii. 215.
540 On November 20, 1637, the Court appointed the following committee “to take order for a colledge at Newetowne:” Richard Bellingham (Treasurer), Rev. John Cotton, Rev. John Davenport, Thomas Dudley (Deputy-Governor), Roger Harlakenden, John Humfrey, Rev. Hugh Peters, Rev. Thomas Shepard, Israel Stoughton, Rev. Thomas Weld, Rev. John Wilson, John Winthrop (Governor). These names — except that John Endicott (then Deputy-Governor) takes the place of Roger Harlakenden (who died in 1638) — are printed on the 1642 Theses (New Englands First Fruits, 1643, p. 18). Mr. Gay conjectures that “at the first Commencement only six were probably present, viz. Winthrop, Endicott, Bellingham, Cotton, Wilson, Shepard. Of the other members, Weld, Peter, and Humphrey were then in England, Stoughton was apparently on the way thither, and Davenport had gone to New Haven in 1638” (Publications of this Society, xvii. 125). Mr. Gay has apparently overlooked Dudley. By “most of them,” Winthrop appears to refer to the members of the board as it was constituted on September 27.
541 Massachusetts Colony Records, ii. 30.
542 Referring to the years 1672–1673, Dr. Green says: “During this period the customary way of giving the date of Commencement on the college programme was changed, and the Roman system adopted.” As a matter of fact the Roman system was employed in 1647, though no system was adhered to consistently. Some dates are given in the text under 1643, 1646, 1653, 1675, 1676, 1682, 1684, 1723, 1768, 1772, 1774–1780. A few others follow, Q and T indicating the Quaestiones and the Theses:
|
1647 |
T |
Cantabrigiæ Nov: Ang: 6 Calend. Sextilis. 1647. |
|
|
1655 |
Q |
Decimoquarto Die Sextilis 1655. |
|
|
1670 |
T |
Cantabrigiæ Nov-Angliæ die nono Sextilis Anno |
M. DC. LXX. |
|
1674 |
Q |
Tertio Idus Sextiles M.DC.LXXIV. |
|
|
1678 |
T |
Cantabrigiæ Nov-Anglorum Idibus Sextilibus: MDCLXXVIII. |
|
|
1687 |
T |
Cantabrigiæ Nov-Anglorum. Anno à, Christo nato. MDC.LXXXVII. |
|
|
1690 |
Q |
Sexto Nonas Quintilis. M,DC,XC. |
|
|
1691 |
T |
Cantabrigiæ Nov-Anglorum Calendis Julii. M. DC. XCI. |
|
|
1692 |
Q |
Die Sexto Quintilis M DC XCII. |
|
|
1696 |
Q |
Kalendas Quintilis. M DC XC VI. |
|
|
1698 |
Q |
Die Sexto Quintilis. M DC XC VIII. |
|
|
1708 |
T |
Habita in Comitijs Cantabrigiæ Nov-Anglorum, Die Septimo Quintilis. MDCCVIII. |
|
|
1713 |
Q |
Calendis Quintilibus. M DCC XIII. |
|
|
1717 |
T |
Habita in Comitiis Cantabrigiæ Nov-Anglorum, Quinto Nonarum Quintilis. MDCCXVII. |
|
|
1740 |
T |
Habita in Comitiis Academicis Cantabrigiæ Nov-Anglorum, Sexto Calendas Septembris, Anno MDCCXL. |
|
Other dates will be found in Mr. Lane’s article on Early Harvard Broadsides.
543 Cf. p. 207 note, above.
544 In an almanac (the only known copy of which lacks the title-page) for 1646 compiled by Samuel Danforth, Commencement Day is given as July 28. Danforth may have given July 28 because in 1645 Commencement had been July 29; or the last Tuesday in July may have been fixed upon at some Corporation or Overseers’ meeting between the summer of 1645 and the end of that year, when the almanac was presumably printed.
545 P. 1. The copy owned by the Massachusetts Historical Society fills sixteen pages, but has no title. It was not printed until 1709, for on September 17 of that year Sewall wrote: “Mr. Green finishes printing Mr. Whiting’s Oration” (Diary, ii. 263). Presumably the date was taken from the original manuscript.
546 Sibley, Harvard Graduates, i. 548. Dr. Green quotes the extracts in the text and also the date “30–5–50” and the words “Commencment Chardge” against the name of William Stoughton, who graduated in 1650 (Sibley, i. 549). But, as already stated (p. 315 note 4, above), the entries in Chesholme’s book must be used with great caution, and no date found in it can be accepted as Commencement Day unless the day is specifically stated to be Commencement Day. Thus against the name of Urian Oakes is the date “10–7–52” and the words “his Commencement Chardges” (i. 548); against the name of John Collins is the date “10–7–52” and the words “his Commencment Chardges” (i. 549); against the name of John Glover is the date “12–7–51” and the words “by his Commencmente Chardges” (Chesholme’s Account Book, p. 142); against the name of Leonard Hoar is the date “10–7–53” and the words “by Commencment Charges” (Sibley, i. 550). There is no reason for supposing that Commencement came on September 10 in 1652, and we know with certainty that it did not come on September 12 in 1651 or on September 10 in 1653. The Commencement charge was often paid not on Commencement Day, but on quarter day; and presumably the above dates were quarter days. This point is clearly brought out by the original entry under Mildmay’s name, which in Chesholme’s Account Book (fol. 3) reads: “13–7–50 by mr Willyam Mildmay his Commencment Chardges 003–02–06;” but above the date is written “quarter day,” while below the date is written “Commencment day 30 of July befor this quarter day.” Many other instances where Commencement charges are entered against a quarter day occur in Chesholme’s book. The practice of granting degrees before College dues were paid, though surprising, apparently continued for over half a century. On June 11, 1694, the Corporation ordered “That Such as Stand for their Degrees Shall ten days at least before the Com̄encmt clear their Accounts with ye Colledge Steward” (College Book, iv. 9). As late as 1721 the Steward found it “exceeding Difficult to get in the Tuition money as well as other College dues” (iv. 70); and on June 2, 1725, the Corporation felt it necessary to vote “That the Tutrs be desired to Notify those who Stand for their degrees that they pay all College Dues to the Stewd in order to their regularly receiving their degrees and that the Stewd Exhibit to the Tutrs a List of the Commencers Names the day before Commencment to signify how far this Order is complyed wth” (iv. 102)
547 Ill Newes from New-England, pp. 10, 11.
548 Wonder-Working Providence, p. 166.
549 Early Harvard Broadsides, pp. 275–279, where the problem is discussed at length.
550 See p. 323 note 2, above.
551 Chesholme’s Account Book, p. 54; Sibley, i. 552.
552 4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, i. 8. It is pleasant to find that on September 20 Adams “came to Cambridge again with my uncle N. A.,” and that on the next day he was “admitted into Colledge” — his uncle Nathaniel no doubt furnishing the “pecunia.”
553 Ibid. i. 13.
554 Ibid. i. 17.
555 In the second of two volumes of manuscripts (preserved in the College archives) labelled “President Leverett’s Discourses.” This title is a misnomer, since, though all the discourses are unmistakably in the hand of Leverett, he was certainly not the author of some of them. The second volume contains “Oratio Comitiis Cantabr. Nov-Anglor̄ habita Anno Domini, 1652. ꝑ orataqȝ à Revdo Nath. Rogers. Ecclesiæ Ipsvicensis Pastore Eximio, in Aulâ Scil. Harvardinâ” (pp. 93–98); an oration delivered in 1686 (pp. 99–104); “Oratio Salutatoria Comitiis Academicis habita Anno Dom̄. 1703” (pp. 104–114: was this by Spencer Phips?); an oration in 1708 (pp. 114–123) and another in 1709 (pp. 124–125), presumably by Leverett himself; and orations delivered by Oakes in 1672 (pp. 1–9), 1675 (pp. 10–29), 1677 (pp. 29–52), and 1678 (pp. 52–77); and various other discourses. Presumably the dates were copied from the original manuscripts.
556 2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xiii. 350.
557 4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, i. 21. The dates in Adams’s Diary are somewhat hard to follow, and Sibley (Harvard Graduates, ii. 384) wrongly assigns the extract quoted in the text to “Aug. 10. 1674.” The year “1674” is Sibley’s interpolation. The extract itself shows that it must have been written in 1675. First, Commencement in 1674 was on August 11, not 10. Second, President Hoar of course presided in 1674; but on March 15, 1675, “Dr Leonard Hoar made a resignac̄on of his Presidtship of the College” (College Book, iii. 67: see also p. 369, below). The entry corrects an error in the Quinquennial, where it is stated that Adams took his A.M. in 1674.
558 President Leverett’s Discourses, ii: see note 1, above.
559 2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, xiii. 369.
560 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, xxxiv. 103.
561 The manuscript of this portion of the Diary itself is not in existence. It is greatly to be regretted that Sewall’s Diary, upon which so much reliance is placed for exact dates, should have been so carelessly printed. Marginal entries (which often are essential to the text) have not been printed at all, words have been misread, and various errors of commission and omission occur. Cf. Publications of this Society, xvii. 53 note, 63 note 2. In 1701 the printed Diary (ii. 38) wrongly gives Commencement as July 1 instead of July 2: see p. 330, below. And in 1704 the printed Diary twice (ii. 111, 112) gives Commencement as July 15 instead of July 5, the original Diary showing that Sewall wrote “July, 5” in each case, the comma having been turned into the figure 1.
562 President Leverett’s Discourses, ii: see p. 326 note 1, above.
563 See p. 313, above.
564 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vii. 56. It is to be regretted that the person who deciphered Russell’s Diary was unable to read his writing, as the printed Diary contains several palpable errors. Nor was Russell, as alleged by the editor, a Tutor, but, as stated in the text, a resident graduate.
565 There is still another contemporary record for this year. In a letter to Increase Mather dated Stamford, September 16, 1682, the Rev. John Bishop said: “I lately received . . . a Catalogue of Harvard’s sons” (4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, viii. 311). This can refer only to the 1682 Triennial. Had Commencement come on September 13th, Bishop would have received his catalogue not “lately,” but only a day or two before he wrote his letter — if, indeed, he could have received it at all before September 16th.
How many days before Commencement were the programmes printed? In 1671 Commencement was August 8, and on August 2 William Adams noted in his Diary: “Was printed our theses for ye commencemt” (4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, i. 13). Of the extant Theses and Quaestiones for the years 1727–1735 only two are fully dated: the Quaestiones for 1728 and 1729. On June 17, 1728, Commencement was appointed to be “on Friday, ye 28th of this Jnstant June” (College Book, iv. 131); and on June 17, 1729, Commencement was appointed to be “upon Friday, ye twenty-seventh of this Jnstant June” (iv. 139) Hence in those two years the Quaestiones could not have been printed more than eleven or ten days in advance. That the programmes would have been printed two or three weeks before Commencement is unlikely in the extreme.
566 There is no name on the title-page, but on the title-page of a copy of the almanac owned by the Massachusetts Historical Society Judge Sewall has written, “By Mr. Cotton Mather.”
567 College Book, i. 89.
568 4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, viii. 521–522.
569 College Book, iii. 85. The only entry relating to the matter in Increase Mather’s manuscript Diary (owned by the American Antiquarian Society) is under date of January 3, 1684: “O[v]erseers of ye Colledge mett, & voted yt Com̄ent sd for ye future be on ye 1 Wednesday in July.”
570 On January 12, 1684, Russell says in his Diary, “I went to Cambridge to carry my Almanack to ye Press;” and on January 26, “My Almanack was printed” (New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vii. 59).
571 College Book, i. 93, iii. 85.
572 See p. 316 note 2, above.
573 John Nelson.
574 Isaac Addington, Secretary of the Province.
575 Increase Mather.
576 This entry, though it begins June 30, obviously could not have been written before July 2. In the printed Diary (ii. 37–38) the figure “2.” which of course means July 2, appears as a semicolon, thus making it appear that Commencement was July 1.
577 John Leverett.
578 College Book, iv. 53. Cf. Sewall, Diary, iii. 9. See p. 316 note 2, above.
579 College Book, iv. 58.
580 Overseers’ Records, i. 19. A similar entry is in Leverett’s Diary, p. 198.
581 P. 199. No meeting is recorded in the Overseers’ Records on June 28. The Corporation met that day, but the fact that it was Commencement is not stated: see p. 314 note 4, above.
582 See pp. 312, 312 note 4, 313, 313 note 4, above.
583 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, xiv. 28.
584 xv. 199.
585 Overseers’ Records, i. 52.
586 The date should have been “Quinto Nonas Quintilis.” According to the Roman calendar, the Calends were the first day in any month; the Ides were the 15th of March, May, July, and October, and the 13th of the other months; the Nones were the ninth day before the Ides (counting both days), i.e. the 7th of March, May, July, and October, and the 5th of the other months; and the Romans reckoned the days forward to the Calends, Nones, or Ides next following. The fact that Commencement happened to come on July 3 may have caused the authorities inadvertently to write “Tertio” instead of “Quinto.” On the other hand, Professor Albert A. Howard of Harvard University, to whom I am indebted for help, tells me that the authorities may have used printed tables for converting Christian dates into Roman dates. If so, since the programmes were no doubt prepared and printed in June, it would have been easy for the authorities to look at the June column instead of the July column, for the 3d of June would have been “Tertio Nonas Junias.”
In 1663 Commencement was August 11, the Quaestiones being dated “UNDECIMO DIE SEXTILIS M.DC.LXIII.” There has been preserved in manuscript a set of burlesque Theses, dated “Quinto Idùs Augusti Ano Magni Iubilæi MDCLXIII.” — that is, Sunday, August 9. “This discrepancy as to the date,” writes Mr. Edes, “can be accounted for by assuming that the author or authors forgot that the Ides of August fell on the thirteenth of the month instead of the fifteenth as in July when, probably, no inconsiderable portion of this paper was written.” (See Publications of this Society, v. 322–339.) It thus appears, to borrow Jowett’s phrase, that in 1663, as now, “not even the youngest” were infallible.
587 See p. 321, above.
588 See p. 318, above.
589 Massachusetts or The first Planters of New-England (Boston, 1696), p. 20.
590 New-Englands Plantation (Essex Book and Print Club, 1908), p. 30.
591 College Book, iii. 27.
592 iii. 73.
593 iii. 73.
594 Dr. Green quotes these lines and asks: “Do they have reference to the drinking habits of that period?” The answer must obviously be in the affirmative. Our associate Mr. Merritt calls my attention to an interesting passage in a letter from the Rev. Nathan Prince to the Secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. The controversy of Prince, for many years Tutor and Fellow, with the Corporation was a cause célèbre in the history of the College. Writing on August 29, 1745, he said: “It has been represented that ‘I was expelled the Independent College in this Country for Immorality.’ There is something, Sir, more gross than Intemperance itself suggested to the mind, when ’tis said that a Person is condemned for Immoralities: Whereas I never was charged before the Government of that College with any thing immoral, but only with one or two Acts of Intemperance during fifteen years’ run of their lascivious Commencements and other publick Entertainments” (W. S. Perry, Historical Collections relating to the American Colonial Church, iii. 393).
595 College Book, iv. 7. On July 8, 1707, Sewall recorded that he “gave Mr. Stoddard for Madam Stoddard two half pounds of Chockalat, instead of Com̄encment Cake; and a Thesis” (Diary, ii. 192).
596 Diary, ii. 189–190.
597 By “Fellows of the House” axe meant the Tutors.
598 College Book, iv. 69–70.
599 iv. 78.
600 iv. 118.
601 Here a marginal entry reads: “N.B. The overseers at yr meeting. Apr. 11. 1727. added ys clause, viz: And yt these Rules be observed till further order.”
602 College Book, iv. 121–122.
603 iv. 122–123.
604 Here a marginal entry reads: “Reforming ye Commencements Ys Act was consented to by ye Overseers, published in the Hall. Jun. 19. 1727. and ordered to be set up in ye Hall.”
605 College Book, iv. 123.
606 iv. 124. An advertisement about Commencement was printed in the Boston News Letter of May 18, 1727.
607 This does not mean that Commencement was never mentioned before 1728. It has already been pointed out (p. 314 note 2, above) that the Commencement of 1704 was casually referred to in a Boston paper, and advertisements about Commencement were occasionally inserted by the College authorities. Also, there was printed in the New England Weekly Journal of July 3, 1727, a poem of 155 lines called “The Sequel of Commencement,” introduced as follows:
Nunc est bibendum, nunc pede libero
Pulsanda tellus —— —— Hor.
WHILE I was preparing an Entertainment for the Publick, I was diverted from my Subject, with the Seasonable Conclusion of a Poem, enclosed in the following Letter to our Society.
Gentlemen,
‘You may please to remember, that the Poem on Commencement that was published the last Year, concluded at the College with a Complement to the Members of that learned Society. I have presumed to march off the prodigious Swarm that were then left at Cambridge, and conduct them thro’ their various Pastimes & Divertisements, down to their several Districts and Habitations; promising my self your Protection, and candid Examination of the Performance.
I am
Gentlemen
Your Obliged Servant.
608 The word “author” formerly meant editor or publisher.
609 No copies of the Theses for 1728 or 1729 have been preserved; but that they were duly printed is proved by the passage in the text and by this extract from the same paper of June 30, 1729 (p. 2/2):
On Fryday last the 27th Currant, was the Annual Commencement at Cambridge for this Year, (it being the Third in order of the more Private Commencements.) when the following Persons, had their Degrees given them, after they had held their Publick Disputations in the Church of that Town, as they are in the Printed Theses and Questions, viz. . . .
610 P. 2/1. Then follow the names of those who received degrees. It is pertinent to point out that the names of those receiving degrees printed in the newspapers furnish important evidence which has not as yet been used by the Editor of the Quinquennial. Thus the 1915 Quinquennial records that thirty-eight members of the class of 1725 and twenty-eight members of the class of 1726 received their second degree (A.M.) in course — that is, in 1728 and 1729 respectively. But the newspapers cited in the text and in the preceding note record only thirty-six in 1728 and twenty-seven in 1729. It is to be hoped that this source of information will some day be utilized. A case in point may be specified. Stephen and William Fessenden were both in the class of 1737 and so would have taken their A.M. in course in 1740. On July 1, 1741, the Corporation voted (College Book, iv. 231) that “Mr. Fessenden who was a Candidate the last year, be allow’d the Same Privilege” — that is, be allowed his second degree. The vote clearly indicates that one of the Fessendens received his A.M. in 1740, and from the Boston News Letter of August 28, 1740, we learn that it was “Gulielmus Fessenden.” Hence it was Stephen who received his A.M. out of course in 1741, thus correcting an error in the Quinquennial, where it is stated that both Fessendens received their A.M. in 1741.
A curious fact to which, apparently, attention is now called for the first time is that the Quinquennial contains the names of several men who never received the A.B. degree at all. Three instances may be given. Ebenezer Hartshorn entered in the class of 1732, left College, in 1737 was given an A.M., and his name is printed under his class (1732). George Erving entered in the class of 1757, left College, in 1762 obtained an A.M. from Glasgow University, was admitted to the same degree ad eundem at Harvard in 1762, and his name is printed under his class (1757). Amos Windship entered in the class of 1771, left College, in 1790 was given both an A.M. and an M.B., and his name is printed under his class (1771). On August 19, 1830, the Corporation “Voted — That in the present number of Colleges in the United States, & variety of studies required in them, that it is inexpedient to grant generally, degrees ad eundem” (Corporation Records, p. 186).
611 The advertisements in the newspapers informing the candidates for their second degree when to appear in Cambridge gave a clue. A glance at the list of Commencement Days (pp. 378–384, below) shows that during the nine years (1727–1735) when these private celebrations obtained, Commencement ranged from June 23 to July 5 and that the day was always Friday, except in 1730 when it was Wednesday.
612 College Book, iv. 145.
613 iv. 166.
614 Boston News Letter, July 5, 1733, p. 2/1. An account in the New England Weekly Journal of July 2 reads in part as follows:
Cambridge, June 30. 1733.
Yesterday was the Commencement, at which His Excellency the Governour [Belcher] was present, being attended by a number of the King’s Officers, and Col. Hatch’s Troop of Horse Guards; His Excellency brought with Him in his Chariot the Honourable Mr. George Townshend Son to the Right Honourable the Lord Viscount Townshend, and Nephew to the Right Honourable Sir Robert Walpole (p. 2/1).
George Townshend, later Admiral, was then a youth of eighteen, and was serving under Captain Thomas Durell on the Scarborough. To the Commencement of 1711 Governor Dudley brought General John Hill — brother of Queen Anne’s favorite Abigail Hill, Lady Masham, and the “Jack” Hill depicted by Thackeray and others — and Admiral Sir Hovenden Walker, who were in command of the land and sea forces in the disastrous expedition against Quebec. But for the intercession of Dudley, Hill, and Walker, John Wainwright, who “stood Convict of being . . . in a Riot late in the night,” would have lost his degree. (College Book, iv. 39–40.) In 1744 some Mohawk chiefs, then visiting Boston, were brought to Commencement by Governor Shirley and dined in the College Hall (New England Historical and Genealogical Register, xiv. 257). So far as I have observed, the presence of distinguished guests (except, of course, the Governors and Lieutenant-Governors) was first noted on the Commencement programmes in 1868.
615 College Book, iv. 173.
616 Overseers’ Records, i. 145.
617 i. 148.
618 i. 149.
619 College Book, iv. 189.
620 Overseers’ Records, i. 150.
621 On June 10, 1741, the Overseers took the following action:
Upon a Motion made & Seconded and a Considerable debate thereupon — The Question was put whether it shal be recommended to the Corporation to make an Order for suspending for this present year the Laws relating to the Commencemt so far as they may be thought inconsistent with a more private manner of giving the degrees and also that it be recommended to the said Corporation that thereupon the degrees be given in as private a way as may be — wch passed in the Negative (Overseers’ Records, i. 191).
622 College Book, iv. 222–223.
623 The President and the Steward were the Rev. Edward Holyoke and Andrew Boardman (d 1747). On July 3 Holyoke noted: “The Com[mence]ment put by on account of the throat distemper” (Holyoke Diaries, p. 6). In July Paul Dudley wrote: “The Commencement put by this year by reason of the Throat Distemper at Cambridge. The President’s Lady died of it the latter end of June” (Diary, in New England Historical and Genealogical Register, xxxv. 30). This was Holyoke’s second wife, Margaret Appleton, who died June 25 (Holyoke Diaries, p. 6).
624 College Book, iv. 222–223.
625 iv. 223.
626 College Book, iv. 298–299.
627 Overseers’ Records, ii. 14, 15.
628 College Book, iv. 300.
629 College Book, vii. 13. Approved by the Overseers on June 10, 1752 (Overseers’ Records, ii. 26).
630 College Book, vii. 22.
631 College Book, vii. 22–23. There was no meeting of the Corporation between August 27 and September 18, 1752; but between those meetings President Holyoke has written: “Memo All the after Dates are according to the Kalendar as it hath been corrected by Act of Parliament” (vii. 16). The Act of Parliament, passed in 1751, decreed that the following first day of January should be New Year’s Day (instead of, as formerly, March 25th), and that in September, 1752, the 3rd should be reckoned the 14th.
632 Overseers’ Records, ii. 30.
633 College Book, vii. 32. No action was taken by the Corporation at its meeting held on April 30, and no meeting was recorded between April 30 and May 27.
634 College Book, vii. 59.
635 The meeting-house in Cambridge was then being rebuilt: cf. p. 377 note 1, below.
636 College Book, vii. 59–60.
637 Overseers’ Records, ii. 47.
638 College Book, vii. 60.
639 Overseers’ Records, ii. 47–49.
640 By “English grain” is meant wheat.
641 College Book, vii. 60–62. On May 28, 1759, the Corporation voted “That it shall be deemed no Offence, if any Scholar shall at the Com̄encemt make & entertain any of the Guests at his Chamber, wth Punch, any Law Usage or Custom to the contrary notwithstanding” (vii. 75).
642 In the form of the diploma entered in College Book, iv. 61, the date is left blank: “Subscribo —— —— Anno ——.” Neither the Boston News Letter of July 14 nor the Boston Evening Post of July 18 mentioned the day. But in the Boston Gazette (the only other paper published in Boston at that time) of Monday, July 18, was a paragraph beginning, “The following young Gentlemen received their Degrees as Bachelors of Arts by a Diploma last Wednesday, viz. . . .” (p. 2/1) — that is, July 13.
643 College Book, vii. 80.
644 Overseers’ Records, ii. 65.
645 College Book, vii. 84.
646 Overseers’ Records, ii. 70.
647 Harvard Hall was burned January 24th: see Publications of this Society, xiv. 2–43.
648 College Book, vii. 117–118. The reference is to vii. 13, where the form for 1752 is entered.
649 Overseers’ Records, ii. 163–167.
650 College Book, vii. 118–119.
651 College Book, vii. 119–120.
652 Overseers’ Records, ii. 170.
653 College Book, vii. 121.
654 Overseers’ Records, ii. 174. The following is taken from their meeting of July 18 (ii. 177–178):
The form of Presentation — with the Governor’s Placet, added in ye Psence & at ye Desire of ye Overseers. . . .
|
Placetne? |
Placet |
|
Cantabrigiæ Julij. 17mo |
Fra. Bernard |
|
1764. |
Bostoni Julij 18mo 1764. |
655 The square brackets are in the original.
656 College Book, vii. 181. The Overseers’ Records are silent regarding this matter.
657 College Book, vii. 273. Approved by the Overseers June 2 (Overseers’ Records, iii. 73). A notice that there would be no public Commencement appeared in the Boston Gazette of June 6, p. 1/1.
658 College Book, vii. 290–291. Approved by the Overseers July 31 (Overseers’ Records, iii. 80).
659 College Book, vii. 293.
660 College Book, vii. 303. Approved by the Overseers July 2 (Overseers’ Records, iii. 94). The diploma is recorded in College Book, vii. 306–307.
661 College Book, vii. 323. Approved by the Overseers June 19 (Overseers’ Records, iii. 109). The diploma is recorded in College Book, vii. 327–328.
662 Rev. Samuel Langdon.
663 The result of Burgoyne’s surrender at Saratoga, October 17, 1777.
664 College Book, viii. 2–3. Approved by the Overseers June 10 (Overseers’ Records, iii. 131–132). The diploma is recorded in College Book, viii. 5–6.
665 Overseers’ Records, iii. 156.
666 Overseers’ Records, iii. 156.
667 College Book, viii. 24. Approved by the Overseers May 20 (Overseers’ Records, iii. 157–158).
668 College Book, viii. 27.
669 viii. 27.
670 viii. 29.
671 Harvard College Papers, ii. 138. The petition is signed by all of the thirty-students in the graduating class except John Barrett, Nathaniel Bethune, Philip Draper, and James Hughes. The absence of these four names was perhaps due to rustication.
672 Overseers’ Records, iii. 195.
673 iii. 196.
674 College Book, viii. 54.
675 viii. 56.
676 The beginning of this notice, together with the names of those receiving degrees, was also printed in the Independent Chronicle of July 27, p. 3/3; but the omission of the statement that the degrees were granted by a general diploma and of the diploma itself, tends to convey the impression that the Commencement was a public one.
677 See p. 357, above.
678 Harvard College Papers, ii. 156. The petition has attached to it the names of all the members of the class except Isaac Bayley, Elisha Doane, Isaiah Lewis Green, and Elijah Paine. In a Calendar prepared some years ago, the late William G. Brown said: “The class of 1781 in the Quinquennial numbers twenty-seven & included all the signers of the above except Atkins.” Mr. Brown overlooked the fact that Dudley Atkins afterwards changed his name to Dudley Atkins Tyng: hence all the signers duly received their degrees
679 College Book, viii. 84.
680 Overseers’ Records, iii. 216.
681 iii. 217. The petition to the Overseers has not been preserved.
682 College Book, viii. 95. On July 18 the Corporation voted “That the Law respecting the dress of the Candidates for degrees be suspended for this day” (viii. 98).
683 John Hancock.
684 Thomas Cushing (H.C. 1744).
685 Rev. Dr. Edward Wigglesworth (H.C. 1749).
686 On July 31 the Rev. John Eliot, then an Overseer, wrote to Jeremy Belknap: “We somewhat expected you down at Commencement. A truly academical day it was. Wigglesworth exceeded ye expectation of his warmest friends, and did honour to himself & the Society. The young gentlemen behaved to a charm. . . . Old Mother Harvard is a good old dame enough, & will nourish many likely children who are yet to come. Your friend here was very set against a public Commencement, thinking that the consequences would be rather bad as to rioting & wantonness, and that the Prœses pro tem. would be no advantage to the performances. I am glad to be disappointed, and rejoice that my motion was overruled” (Belknap Papers, iii. 212–213).
687 College Book, viii. 233. This petition has not been preserved.
688 College Book, viii. 234–235.
689 In May Hancock was re-elected Governor.
690 Diary, in H. Adams’s Historical Essays (1891), pp. 90–91.
691 Overseers’ Records, iii. 343.
692 iii. 344.
693 Gov. Caleb Strong (H.C. 1764), Dr. Josiah Bartlett (d 1820), Rev. Joseph Eckley, Rev. John Eliot (H.C. 1772), Rev. Jedidiah Morse, Rev. Peter Thacher (H.C. 1769), Rev. John Thornton Kirkland (H.C. 1789).
694 Overseers’ Records, iv. 326.
695 Oliver Wendell (H.C. 1753), John Lowell (H.C. 1760), Rev. Simeon Howard (H.C. 1758), Rev. John Lathrop (d 1816), Ebenezer Storer (H.C. 1747).
696 College Book, viii. 482.
697 Rev. Joseph Willard.
698 Rev. Eliphalet Pearson.
699 College Book, viii. 486.
700 Overseers’ Records, iv. 341.
701 College Book, viii. 490.
702 Overseers’ Records, iv. 345.
703 For the reasons which brought about this change, see Harvard Graduates’ Magazine, 1911, xx. 221–222, 250–254.
704 “The usual exercises of Commencement at Harvard University will take place to-day, according to the programme already published. The Banks of this city and the Custom House will be closed” (Boston Courier, July 18, 1849, p 2/1).
705 Boston Transcript, August 29, 1832, p. 2/1. The same paper June 27, 1871, said: “Cambridge Commencement is not what it was, say chronic sympathizers with the past given to decrying the present, and wanting the prophetic eye of the future. . . . The metropolitan banks are not closed as of old and the day is no longer the distinguished holiday it once was; indeed in no sense is it a holiday at all, except in the social greetings of classmates of several generations of ‘Sons’” (p. 2/1). I am indebted to Mr. Charles A. Ruggles of the Boston Clearing House for the information that “the last time the banks were closed on account of Commencement Day was in 1870.” With regard to the Custom House, Mr. E. Perry writes me that “a great many of the old records were destroyed in a fire in 1894 and a search of such as are available has not disclosed any data bearing on the subject.”
706 For the game of props, see p. 61 note 1, above.
707 An error for the last Wednesday in August.
708 Boston Courier, July 19, 1849, p. 2/2.
709 College Book, ix. 43.
710 Crimson, viii. 109.
711 Punch was prohibited in the spring of 1894: see Harvard Graduates’ Magazine, iii. 79.
712 The dinner was served for the last time in 1904: cf. p. 378, below. In 1845, as no doubt at every previous dinner, wine was served (cf. 2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, v. 247); but in 1846, the first under the presidency of Edward Everett, “The entertainment was conducted on the plan of total abstinence from all drinkables except water and lemonade” (Boston Advertiser, August 27, 1846, p. 2/2), and wine was never again reverted to.
713 The 1910 Quinquennial contains a list of “Persons appointed to preside at Commencement during Vacancies in the President’s Office” (p. 10 note); but only four years (1681, 1724, 1737, 1769) are given, and the statement about 1737 is incorrect.
714 From the resignation of President Mather on September 6, 1701, to the inauguration of President Leverett on January 14, 1708, there was no President. But Samuel Willard was Vice-President from July 12, 1700, to August 14, 1707, and his name is on the Quaestiones for 1702–1705 and 1707, the sheet for 1706 not being extant.
715 There was also a vacancy in 1774, but, as there was no public Commencement in that year, perhaps there were no exercises. The general diploma was signed by Nathaniel Appleton, John Winthrop, Andrew Eliot, Samuel Cooper, John Wadsworth, “Socii,” and John Hancock, “Thesaurarius.”
716 President Holyoke was elected May 30, 1737, but was not inaugurated until September 28. President Eliot was elected and assumed office on May 19, 1869, but was not inaugurated until October 19. For President Rogers, see p. 371, below.
717 See p. 325, above.
718 College Book, iii. 67.
719 iii. 68.
720 iii. 70.
721 i. 82, iii. 71, 72.
722 See p. 327, above.
723 The date of his death is given in College Book, iii. 72, and by Mather (Magnalia, bk. iv. p. 129) as July 25; but by Sewall (Diary, ii. 14*), by W. Adams (4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, i. 22), and by John Hull (Transactions and Collections American Antiquarian Society, iii. 249) as July 24. The Quaestiones for 1681 are surrounded by a black border.
724 College Book, iii. 72.
725 iii. 73.
726 The following entries occur in Increase Mather’s Diary under the dates of July 26, August 7, and August 8, 1681: “At mr. Oakes’s Funeral, whe ovrseers of ye colledge, desired mee to modte ye mrs disputations on ye ensuing Com̄enct, but I did absolutely & peremptorily decline it, also to mr Gookin in private I manifested my resolution not to meddle in yt matter. . . . Rode to Cambridge, wh pryd; & visited Mr. Sherman. . . . Spent in preptions for ye Commencement.”
727 Diary, i. 26. In calling his father “President,” Cotton Mather merely meant that he was the presiding officer. Increase Mather was elected President in 1681, the precise date not being recorded in College Book, i. 82, iii. 74. The choice was approved by the Overseers on September 8, 1681 (Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 109, 109 a).
728 Noadiah Russell stated that Rogers came to Cambridge on May 23, 1683, and was inaugurated August 14 (New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vii. 59). On August 14 Increase Mather wrote in his manuscript Diary (owned by the American Antiquarian Society): “Rode to Cambridge whe mr Rogers was Installed prsident Returned about sunset.” But an entry (in the hand of Thomas Danforth) in College Book, iii. 84, reads: “Aug. 12. 1683. mr John Rogers was solemnly inaugurated into the place of President.”
729 See p. 328, above.
730 College Book, i. 93, iii. 85.
731 Cf. Publications of this Society, xiv. 143–144.
732 4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, viii. 502.
733 Warham Mather graduated in the class of 1685, in which year Commencement was for the first time held on the first Wednesday in July: yet, within three years, Warham Mather spoke of “the usual time.”
734 4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, viii. 671.
735 3 Massachusetts Historical Collections, i. 83. This order is interesting as being the only known one of the sort, the presiding officer on all other occasions having been appointed by the Corporation or the Overseers.
736 Diary, i. 322.
737 College Book, iv. 96.
738 College Book, iv. 198.
739 iv. 198.
740 It is possible that there may be some omissions in this list.
741 Publications of this Society, iii. 420.
742 New Englands First Fruits, p. 12.
743 See p. 321, above. By “the college,” Winthrop unquestionably meant the first Harvard College. Previous to 1718, every building was called a “college;” in 1718 the word “hall” was introduced; from 1718 to 1781, when the original Stoughton College was taken down, the words “college” and “hall” were employed indifferently; after 1781, “college” disappeared as an official designation, though remaining in colloquial use. See Dialect Notes, ii. 91–114.
744 2 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, v. 403. An earlier writer had also stated that “In this house,” that is, in the first meeting-house, “in 1642 were held the first College commencement exercises” (Harvard Register, 1881, iii. 81).
745 T. Hutchinson, Collection of Original Papers (1769), p. 501.
746 It will perhaps be thought that Randolph wrote not “the 2d of August,” but “the 2d Tuesday of August.” His narrative is no longer in the Massachusetts Archives, where presumably it was in Hutchinson’s day. No doubt the original is in the Public Record Office, London, and this reads: “their commencement is kept yearly on August 2nd in the meeting-house at Cambridge” (Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1675–1676, p. 467).
747 Owing to the ruinous condition of the first Harvard College and the unfinished state of the second Harvard College, it is quite possible that in 1676 the exercises were held in the meeting-house; but if so, that fact does not affect previous Commencements.
748 See p. 323, above.
749 See p. 326 note 1, above.
750 Diary, i. 15. This was the building burned in 1764.
751 Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 92.
752 1 Proceedings Massachusetts Historical Society, vi. 340.
753 General History of New England, p. 610. Though not printed until 1815, on June 11, 1680, a committee was appointed “to pervse the same, & make returne of their opinion thereof to the next session, that the Court may then, as they shall then judge meet, take order for the impression thereof;” and on October 11, 1682, the Court made a grant of £50 to Hubbard, he transcribing his history “fairely into a booke, that it may be the more easely pervsed” (Massachusetts Colony Records, v. 279, 378).
754 See p. 314 note 3, above.
755 Diary, ii. 181.
756 Diary, ii. 111. On July 2, 1707, Sewall wrote: “Com̄encement Day is fair and pleasant. . . . Got Joseph a Table, and Bread, which he wanted before. Went into the Meetinghouse about 11. . . . My Son held the first Question in the Afternoon; . . . My Son was the first that had a Degree given him in the New Meetinghouse” (ii. 190).
On July 5, 1704, Sewall went on to say: “Waited on the Govr from Dinner Time till the last Question: Then follow’d the Govr in. Mr. Gibbs was holding the last Question. Dr. Dum̄er rose up and in very fluent good Latin ask’d Leave, and made an op̄osition; and then took Leave again with Com̄endation of the Respondent” (Diary, ii. 111). Probably it was unusual for those not candidates to take part in the exercises, as Jeremiah Dummer (H.C. 1699; Ph.D. Utrecht 1703) did on the above occasion; but two years earlier a more noted person was moved to do so and was prevented only by lack of time. Having recently renounced Quakerism George Keith came to New England as an Anglican missionary, arriving in the same vessel with Governor Dudley and Lieutenant-Governor Povey, as stated in his Journal of Travels (1706, pp. 1–5). The story of his appearance at Commencement is more fully told in a letter to Lewis Morris dated July 27, 1702: “I prevailed with Mr. Keith to stay here til our commencnt was over, where the good man met with very little university Breeding, and with less learning, the last Thesis disputed by the masters was, Immutabilitas Decreti divini non tollit Libertatem crœture.” This met with Mr. Keith’s hearty disapproval, as did also two propositions which “the opponents urged, and both the President Mr. Willard, and the Respondent assented to: . . . and their manner of urging hereupon did clearly evince their opinion to be that the bad as good actions of men were necessarily determined; the day being far spent was the main reason why Mr Keith did not publickly oppose them, but when he returned to Boston he drew up in Latin an answer to the President’s arguing of a full sheet of Paper whh he transcribed ready to be sent to Mr. President upon Mr. Keith’s return” (W. S. Perry, Historical Collections relating to the American Church, iii. 72). Thereupon a pamphlet war took place between Willard and Keith.
757 Previous to 1833, the First Church had no fewer than four meeting-houses. The first (1632–1650) was in Dunster Street; the second (1650–1706) was on watch-house hill; the third (1706–1756) was on or near the site occupied by the second; and the fourth (1756–1833) was also on or near the same site, within the present College Yard, near Dane Hall. In 1833 the fourth house was removed, the land on which it stood was sold to Harvard College, and the First Church (Unitarian) erected a new meeting-house in Harvard Square, at the corner of Church Street, opposite Massachusetts Hall. (Paige, History of Cambridge, pp. 246 note, 259, 259 note, 287, 293, 304.)
758 See Paige, History of Cambridge, pp. 299–302. The First Church (Congregational) was in 1829 incorporated as the Shepard Congregational Society.
759 Harvard Alumni Bulletin, May 3, 1916, xviii. 574–575.
760 Harvard Graduates’ Magazine, xx. 75, 254.
761 The statements in this sentence are believed to be correct. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the dinner was, for special reasons, sometimes omitted. For its omission in 1905 and subsequently, see Harvard Graduates’ Magazine, xiii. 72, 627, 764, xiv. 44. Memorial Hall was dedicated on June 23, 1874, the day before Commencement.
762 In the eighteenth century, bad commons provoked several rebellions. But the Commencement dinner by no means escaped criticism, and complaints were of long standing before it was abolished. Thus the Boston Post of July 18, 1850, said:
The College Dinner. — It is said that the college dinner at Cambridge yesterday partook largely of the character of an “indignation meeting.” A “come-outer” states that some of the poultry was very lively, and in the course of the muss escaped out of the windows (p. 2/3).
763 An italic Q or T indicates that the Quaestiones or Theses for that year are extant, but unavailable as evidence owing to errors in date (1723, 1768, 1772: see pp. 332, 351, 352, above) or because not fully dated (see pp. 312, 313, above). All extant Quaestiones and Theses are in the Harvard College Library — chiefly originals, but a few in facsimile. The list printed by Mr. Lane in his Early Harvard Broadsides shows what libraries own original programmes.
764 An italic Q or T indicates that the Quaestiones or Theses for that year are extant, but unavailable as evidence owing to errors in date (1723, 1768, 1772: see pp. 332, 351, 352, above) or because not fully dated (see pp. 312, 313, above). All extant Quaestiones and Theses are in the Harvard College Library — chiefly originals, but a few in facsimile. The list printed by Mr. Lane in his Early Harvard Broadsides shows what libraries own original programmes.
765 Before September 26.
766 Day of month not known.
767 No Commencement.
768 i. 548.
769 4 Series, i. 8 (W. Adams).
770 4 Series, i. 13 (W. Adams).
771 4 Series, i. 17 (W. Adams).
772 4 Series, i. 21 (W. Adams).
773 2 Series, xiii. 250 (I. Mather).
774 2 Series, xiii. 369 (I. Mather).
775 7 Series, vii. 26 (C. Mather).
776 5 Series, v. 85 (S. Sewall).
777 xiii. 255 (J. Pierpont).
778 5 Series, v. 181 (S. Sewall).
779 5 Series, v. 219 (S. Sewall).
780 xiii. 256 (J. Pierpont).
781 5 Series, v. 323–324 (S. Sewall).
782 7 Series, vii. 166 (C. Mather).
783 xx. 157 (J. Baxter).
784 5 Series, v. 390 (S. Sewall).
785 xx. 157 (J. Baxter).
786 5 Series, v. 456 (S. Sewall).
787 5 Series, vi. 37–38 (S. Sewall).
788 5 Series, vi. 81 (S. Sewall).
789 5 Series, vi. 111–112 (S. Sewall).
790 5 Series, vi. 133 (S. Sewall).
791 “July 3. I carried my mother to Charlestown, and then to Commencement” (Diary of Rev. Joseph Green, H.C. 1695, in Essex Institute Historical Collections, vol. x. pt. i. p. 74).
792 5 Series, vi. 190 (S. Sewall).
793 5 Series, vi. 227 (S. Sewall).
794 5 Series, vi. 282 (S. Sewall).
795 5 Series, vi. 318 (S. Sewall).
796 5 Series, vi. 354 (S. Sewall).
797 5 Series, vi. 390 (S. Sewall).
798 5 Series, vii. 8–9 (S. Sewall).
799 5 Series, vii. 90 (S. Sewall).
800 5 Series, vii. 134 (S. Sewall).
801 5 Series, vii. 187 (S. Sewall).
802 5 Series, vii. 222 (S. Sewall).
803 5 Series, vii. 258 (S. Sewall).
804 xv. 202 (J. Bumstead).
805 5 Series, vii. 378 (S. Sewall). Only official documents are cited after this date.
806 No public Commencement, but the general diploma is dated July 1.
807 No public Commencement, but the general diploma is dated July 13.
808 The year-date on the Theses for 1761 is misprinted 1741: see p. 312 note 4, above.
809 No public Commencement, but the general diploma is dated July 18.
810 No public Commencements from 1774 to 1779, both included, but the general diplomas are dated as given in the text.
811 No public Commencements from 1774 to 1779, both included, but the general diplomas are dated as given in the text.
812 No public Commencement. The degrees were granted July 19, but the general diploma is dated July 22: see pp. 359–360, above.
813 The Order of the Exercises of Commencement was printed as a broadside from 1791 to 1810, both included. *
814 The Quaestiones were not printed after 1791.
815 The year-date on the Order of the Exercises for 1808 is misprinted 1308: see p. 366, above.
816 The Order of the Exercises of Commencement and the Theses were printed as broadsides for the last time in 1810. After 1810 the dates have been obtained from the Commencement programmes and Boston newspapers.
817 The Commencement programme is wrongly dated: see p. 366, above.
From 1642 to 1916, both included, is a period of 275 years. There was no Commencement in 1644 (see p. 322, above), but there were two Commencements in 1653 (see p. 324, above): consequently the number of Commencement Days exactly corresponds with the number of years that have elapsed since 1642. According to months, Commencement has occurred as follows:
|
June: |
1721, 1727–1733, 1749, 1869–1916 |
57 |
|
July: |
1646–1650, 1684–1688, 1690–1714, 1716–1720, 1722–1726, 1734–1739, 1741–1748, 1750–1774, 1777–1801, 1849–1868 |
129 |
|
August: |
1651–1682, 1715, 1740, 1776, 1802–1848 |
83 |
|
September: |
1683, 1689 |
2 |
|
October: |
1643 (day unknown), 1775 |
2 |
|
Unknown: |
1642 (probably September), 1645 |
2 |
|
275 |
818 The Principal from October, 1701, to September, 1727, was John Stirling (Innes, Munimenta Alme Universitatis Glasguensis, vol. i. p. xci).
819 The volume contains the label “BRINLEY. 1189:” (see Brinley Catalogue, i. 161).
820 Publications, i. 21–71.
821 Publications, i. 157–158, 182–183, 266, 266–268, 386; iii. 1–2, 243–246, 404–405, 471–474; v. 55–56, 318–319; vi. 212–213, 454–455; vii. 228–230.
822 The location of each society, if not indicated in the title, is given in a footnote.
823 Boston.
824 Cf. Publications of this Society, iii. 244.
825 Cf. Publications of this Society, i. 48 note.
826 Boston. Cf. Publications of this Society, i. 62.
827 Cf. Publications of this Society, i. 44–45.
828 New Bedford.
829 Taunton.
830 Cf. Publications of this Society, iii. 245.
831 Westfield.
832 Cf. Publications of this Society, iii. 85.
833 Edgartown.
834 Rutland.
835 Spencer.
836 Boston.
837 Boston.
838 Tisbury.
839 This society has no fixed location.
840 Dedham.
841 Scituate.
842 Boston.
843 Boston.
844 Boston.
845 Boston.
846 Boston.
847 Medford.
848 Boston.
849 Lowell.
850 Taunton.
851 Haverhill.
852 Boston.
853 Boston.
854 Salem.
855 Stoughton.
856 Easthampton.
857 Danvers.
858 Boston.
859 Lowell.
860 Concord.
861 Farm of Henry Bullard, Holliston.
862 Boston.
863 Boston.
864 Boston.
865 Fall River.
866 Plymouth.
867 Boston.
868 Chicopee.
869 Boston.
870 Rowley.
871 Plymouth.
872 Boston.
873 Boston.
874 Boston.
875 Boston.
876 Boston.
877 Boston.
878 Boston.
879 Boston.
880 Boston.
881 Boston.
882 New Bedford.
883 Boston.
884 Chelsea
885 Boston.
886 Worcester.
887 Sandwich.
888 Expired October 1, 1914.
889 Salem.
890 Boston.
891 Expired December 31, 1915.
892 Boston.
893 Billerica.
894 Worcester.
895 Letters from New England (Prince Society), p. 75.
896 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, vii. 57.
897 Quincy, History of Harvard University, i. 513.
898 Mather’s list has the following indorsement, not reproduced in the facsimile:
- Catalogue of Books
- bought by Dr Cotton
- Mather of Harvard
- College.
- 22.
- Presented by Mrs. Crocker.
899 See p. 262, line 10, above.