Introduction
THE celebration in 1930 of the founding of the Massachusetts Bay colony, three centuries earlier, created a flurry of antiquarian researches and some historical writing as well. Despite, however, the continuing achievements in seventeenth-century studies of such distinguished scholars as Samuel Eliot Morison and such organizations as the Massachusetts Historical Society which published the Winthrop Papers between 1929 and 1947, the real explosion of interest in our first century of settlement did not occur until the decades following the Second World War. Concurrently, the leadership role fell increasingly into the hands of a newer, younger generation of scholars, many of them in the academic world, and they in turn have sparked a widespread general interest in the seventeenth century at the graduate and undergraduate level.
The proliferation of studies and the dynamics of shifting emphases which have dramatically altered traditional nineteenth-century attitudes about seventeenth-century architecture are reflected in the papers presented in this volume. At the same time there are necessary and vital links with earlier traditions in the house biographies prepared by Stephen J. Roper and Edward Zimmer, in each case a summary of much more extensive research projects. Candidates for doctoral degrees in Boston University’s American and New England Studies Program and thoroughly representative of the emerging younger generation of seventeenth-century scholars to which we have referred, these writers rival the impressive efforts of nineteenth-and early twentieth-century antiquarians who sought to verify building dates and delineate the social history of a given structure, and surpass them in that they bring to their subjects the advantage of a thorough and professionally acquired knowledge of New England architectural history. The documents in one sense, as will be seen from a glance at the Appendices which form part of the Editor’s contribution to this volume, are meaningless unless an explicit relationship to the building can be traced in terms of style as revealed through physical evidence. In this respect, a review of earlier scholarship concerning the Royall house in Medford, followed by a reading of Arthur L. Finney’s careful re-evaluation of structural and documentary evidence, will reveal at once how successive generations of students can be seriously misled in the historical interpretation of important buildings—until the record has been set straight.
Verification of the raw data which form the core of so many recent studies devoted to quantitative analysis (which is the subject of the Editor’s essay dealing with the dating of First Period houses in Massachusetts) continues to be central to the advancement of our knowledge of the field. “Colonial archaeology,” on the other hand, unpracticed by an earlier generation, has all the burgeoning force of a wholly new discipline. For the first time in New England’s history we are beginning to come to grips in a direct, systematic way with those aspects of material culture which have not survived or have been subject to radical change. James Deetz in discussing certain of the earliest structures in the Plymouth Colony as revealed through archaeological excavation enlarges our understanding of buildings heretofore glimpsed only imperfectly if at all through glancing references in the documents and provides as well a disciplined outline of current methodology in Colonial archaeology. Geoffrey P. Moran presented to the conference an equally interesting progress report on the results of investigation of seemingly ephemeral and unrecoverable features of Salem’s early waterfront. We shall look forward to a completed study of this subject in the not distant future.
Essays by the late James B. Peabody and Margaret Henderson Floyd are concerned also with a somewhat later period in Colonial history. The Hancock house in Boston has been a leading source of enlightenment and inspiration to the romanticist, to the student of architectural and social history, to the preservationist (for whom it furnishes one of the initial guideposts), and now, as Mrs. Floyd explains, to the architects of the Colonial Revival. In the process, John Hubbard Sturgis, who made the first recorded measured drawings of an historic American building, emerges as an evocative link between Colonial and nineteenth-century New England. In 1863 Arthur Gilman published in the Atlantic Monthly a significant sampling of the original documents associated with the building of the Hancock house which marked, perhaps, the earliest conscious realization for New England that a building, though destroyed, can remain a living force or at least be rendered meaningful to students through extensive documentation. This principle has been clearly demonstrated once again by Mr. Peabody in his study of both the voluminous written records and the slim and somewhat tantalizing visual documentation which survive for the first Trinity Church in Boston.
The various subjects presented in this volume may seem diverse, even unrelated in some respects—skipping from Anglican churches to post-hole houses. The connecting thread, however, is visible and strong: as we move into the final two decades of the twentieth century and recognize the awesome challenge to contemporary historians of that volume of material from the last two centuries which marks our life as an independent nation, it is unarguable, nevertheless, that the subject of Colonial studies has a profoundly important role to play and continues to inspire the most dedicated and increasingly skilled efforts of serious and well-disciplined students.
Abbott Lowell Cummings
Editor
1. This paper is in large part a distillation of two research reports prepared for the Paul Revere Memorial Association which remain in manuscript form: “History of the Property of Paul Revere Memorial Association,” by William Lebovich, 1973; and “The Early History of the Paul Revere House, North Square, Boston,” by this author, 1974. Both reports are heavily documented; copies of both are available for reference at the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities. Material drawn from these reports will not be specifically footnoted here; footnotes will be limited to the identification of the sources of direct quotations and the documentation of material not included in either of the earlier reports. Readers interested in a structural analysis of the Revere House (as opposed to the documentary study summarized here) are referred to two reports prepared for the Paul Revere Memorial Association by Frederic C. Detwiller, Architectural Historian, Consulting Services Group, SPNEA: “Paul Revere Association Properties, 19–31 North Square, Boston, Massachusetts, Architectural-Historical Analysis,” Feb. 1976; and “Paul Revere House, Structure Report,” 2 vols., July 1976. Copies of both are available for study at SPNEA.
2. Joseph Everett Chandler, the architect who restored the house in 1907–1908, speculated on purely physical evidence that the house was built sometime between 1650 and 1680. See his “Notes on the Paul Revere House,” in the Handbook of the Paul Revere Memorial Association (Boston, 1950), p. 18. Later historians, benefiting from documentary research, have usually placed the date between 1676 and 1681. Among the most authoritative of these: Hugh Morrison, Early American Architecture (New York, 1952), pp. 59–62, says c. 1676; while Esther Forbes, Paul Revere and the World He Lived In (Boston, 1942), p. 169, Harold Comer Read, “A Brief History of the Paul Revere Memorial Association and the Paul Revere House,” in the Handbook of the Paul Revere Memorial Association (Boston, 1950), p. 5, and Walter M. Whitehill, Boston: A Topographical History, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, Mass., 1968), p. 15, all say about 1680. Another recognized authority, Fiske Kimball, does not include the Revere House in his Domestic Architecture of the American Colonies and the Early Republic, reprint ed. (New York, 1966), presumably because it failed to meet his rigorous standards for documentation.
3. Forbes and Morrison both suggest John Jeffs as the original owner; Chandler, Read, and Whitehill hazard no guesses.
4. Chandler, in his “Notes,” suggests that the ell predates the main house; Morrison, in Early American Architecture, assumes the ell to have been a later addition; and the staff of SPNEA, in the two reports for the Paul Revere Memorial Association mentioned in note 1, assumed the main house and ell to have been built in one campaign. This was also the consensus reached by the approximately twenty members of the New England Chapter, Society of Architectural Historians, who examined the Revere House during a special meeting held there on Dec. 3, 1974.
5. What information was turned up on the question of original form supports the single-build theory (see note 21 and the section of text to which it pertains for a discussion of this material). A final answer to this question, however, will probably have to await either the discovery of some conclusive structural evidence in the house itself, or the development of a satisfactory dendrochronological sequence for New England, by which means the timbers in the two sections of the house can be accurately dated.
6. Suffolk County Deeds, xiii, 86, Nov. 2, 1681, Turell and Walker to Howard.
7. Increase Mather Family Records, in the John Cotton Bible, Special Collections (Massachusetts Historical Society).
8. Increase Mather Family Records.
9. Increase Mather, “Diary, 1675–6,” Massachusetts Historical Society, Proceedings, 2nd ser., xiii (1900), 373–374.
10. Increase Mather Family Records.
11. Suffolk County Probate Records, New Series, ii, 352, Dec. 12, 1678, will of Nathaniel Blague.
12. “Records of the Second Church,” ms, iii (Massachusetts Historical Society).
13. “Records of the Second Church,” ms, iv.
14. “Records of the Second Church,” ms, iii.
15. Chandler Robbins, A History of the Second Church, or Old North, in Boston . . . (Boston, 1852), and Increase Mather, “Autobiography,” American Antiquarian Society, Proceedings, lxxi, pt. ii (1962), 300–301, 310.
16. Elna Jean Mayo, Mayo Genealogy . . . (Pueblo[?], Colo., 1963), pp. 2–3.
17. The contract for a house of comparable size built for John Williams in the North End in 1678/79 (published in the “Records of the Suffolk County Court, 1671–1680,” pt. ii, Colonial Society of Massachusetts, Collections, xxx [1933], 1125–1126) was taken at £130 “current mony of New England.” Assuming the construction cost of the Revere House to have been roughly similar, that leaves perhaps £150–£170 of Howard’s £300 purchase price to be accounted for by the value of the land and/or the profit of the church. It does not seem that the land alone could have been worth much more than £100–£125. Consider that the Revere House lot, as Howard purchased it in 1681, contained roughly 3000 sq. feet, with 30 feet of frontage on North Square. In comparison: in 1683, Howard purchased an adjoining interior lot containing about 4000 sq. feet with no buildings upon it, for £65 (Suffolk County Deeds, xiii, 84, July 19, 1683, Martin heirs to Howard); and, in 1689, Howard purchased the parcel next north of the Revere House, containing some 2000 sq. feet with a 20-foot frontage, and with a dwelling house with leanto standing upon it, for £110 “current money of New England” (Suffolk County Deeds, xxviii, 182, May 22, 1689, Paine and Woodbry to Howard). The inference I am drawing is that land values on the west side of North Square were not particularly high in the 1680’s; the Second Church seems to have gotten a pretty good price for its house and lot.
18. There is a very slight possibility that this man was lodging with Increase Mather; more probably, he was renting the house next north to Mather’s. See pages 29–33 of my report to the Paul Revere Memorial Association for a thorough discussion of this point.
19. Boston Record Commissioners, First Report: Boston Tax Lists etc., 1674–1694, 2nd ed. (Boston, 1881), pp. 91–133, gives the complete 1687 tax schedules for all eight Shawmut precincts and the two outlying precincts at Muddy River and Rumney Marsh (now Brookline and Chelsea, but then parts of Boston).
20. I included the figures from Muddy River and Rumney Marsh in my calculation of the town-wide average tax figure, but I purposely left out the Precinct 6 figures, as there seems to have been some confusion in those records. (The figures in the “Acres” and the “Houseing, Mills and Wharfs” columns appear to have been reversed in some sections of Precinct 6.) The deletion of the Precinct 6 figures lowered the total number of individuals taxed for buildings by perhaps 150–170, and similarly lowered the total of those taxed 20d. or more by about 20. If these dubious Precinct 6 figures had been included, they would have had a negligible effect on the 7d. average tax-assessed figure, and would have raised the percentage of individuals taxed 20d. or more by about one percentage point.
21. As a check against the possibility that Howard might have bought a rather modest house from the Second Church and then radically enlarged or improved it between 1681 and 1687, an attempt was made to determine which of the thirty-two other individuals assessed for exactly 20d. under the “Houseing, Mills and Wharfs” head in 1687 could be satisfactorily demonstrated to have owned just one dwelling house in the late seventeenth century. An attempt was then made to establish the price that each of these individuals had paid for that specific house and lot. I am reasonably confident that this procedure has succeeded in two instances—those of William Coleman in Precinct 1, and Isaac Walker in Precinct 3. Coleman purchased his house and land for £260 “current money of New England” in 1679 (Suffolk County Deeds, xii, 24, Sept. 29, 1679, Thacher heirs to Coleman), and Walker paid £300 “lawful money of New England” for his in 1675 (Suffolk County Deeds, ix, 187, May 5, 1675, Edwards to Walker). These prices are right in line with the £300 “current money of New England” paid by Howard, and suggest that, in 1687, Howard’s house remained largely as constructed by the Second Church.
22. Fiske Kimball, Domestic Architecture of the American Colonies and of the Early Republic (New York, 1922), pp. 283–284.
23. Ibid., p. 39.
24. John H. Hooper, “The Royall House and Farm,” The Medford Historical Register, iii (1900), 143.
25. Middlesex County Probate Records, 1st ser., docket no. 19545.
26. Samuel Blake, The Blake Family: A Genealogical History of William Blake of Dorchester and His Descendants . . . (Boston, 1857), pp. 15–16.
27. Thomas C. Simonds, History of South Boston (Boston, 1857), pp. 31, 264.
28. James H. Stark, The History of the Old Blake House (Boston: Dorchester Historical Society, 1907).
29. Mrs. George A. French, The Dorchester Historical Society and Its Three Houses (Boston: Dorchester Historical Society, 1960), p. 18.
30. Suffolk County Deeds, vol. 2305, p. 30.
31. Ibid., vol. 2066, p. 303.
32. Suffolk County Probate Records, vol. 650, p. 210.
33. Norfolk County Probate Records, docket no. 20436, inventory dated Feb. 4, 1843.
34. Norfolk County Deeds, vol. 151, p. 113.
35. Ibid., lxxxvi, 167, and lxxxvii, 235.
36. Ibid., xciii, 199.
37. Suffolk County Probate Records, vol. 127, p. 339.
38. Ibid.
39. Norfolk County Deeds, xcvii, 198.
40. Suffolk County Probate Records, lxxii, 33, and lxxiv, 16.
41. Suffolk County Deeds, vol. 143, p. 53.
42. Ibid., vol. 121, p. 143.
43. Suffolk County Probate Records, xli, 451.
44. Ibid., xxi, 555.
45. Ibid., xiv, 192.
46. Samuel Blake, The Blake Family, pp. 12–13.
47. Fourth Report of the Record Commissioners of the City of Boston, 1880, Dorchester Town Records, 2nd ed. (Boston, 1883), p. 162.
48. Samuel Blake, The Blake Family, pp. 15–16.
49. Minutes of the Dorchester Historical Society, ms, i, 44–45, 50–51.
50. “Dorchester’s Settlement Appropriately Celebrated,” Dorchester Beacon, undated clipping (June 1916?) in the collections of the Dorchester Historical Society.
51. Ibid.
52. “Blake House Is Restored,” Boston Herald, Boston, Mass., July 3, 1911.
53. Mr. Peabody’s paper, as presented here, was prepared for publication before his untimely death on March 22, 1977.
54. The Colonial records of Trinity Church are being published at the present time by The Colonial Society of Massachusetts in its regular series of publications. The page proofs of the records are at the printers, and it is, therefore, impossible to give page and volume references to the selections quoted from these records.
55. A summary account in the Church Records entitled “The Cost of the Building of Trinity Church” contains the following entries for 1741:
| for Building the Gallery | |
|---|---|
|
viz. Jno. Indicott & Will More their Bill wholle Work & Stuff per agreement |
[£]1057. 0.0 |
|
Will Coffin 31mo lath nails |
17.12.6. |
|
Will Hunstable plaistering 430 yds @1/9 |
|
|
hair and nails 8:11/ |
46. 3.6. |
|
Thos. Fillebrown 150 bush. Lime & Lath |
33.15 |
|
Johnson Jackson 50 bush lime @ 2/9 |
6.17.6. |
|
Cash for Carting £4.15.6 lath & timber 9:4/6 |
14. 0.0 |
|
Willm. Price cutting freeze for Organ loft |
6. |
|
Willm. Burbank Carving Capatols |
152. 0.0 |
|
[£]1333. 8.0 |
56. New England Historical and Genealogical Register, xxiv, 55.
57. Charles Shaw, A Topographical and Historical Description of Boston (Boston, 1817), p. 265.
58. “Boston Prints and Printmakers, 1670–1775,” Colonial Society of Massachusetts, Publications, 46 (1973), 43–44.
59. Ibid., pp. 46–49.
60. Samuel G. Drake, The History and Antiquities of the City of Boston (Boston, 1854), opposite p. 654.
61. Phillips Brooks, Trinity Church in The City of Boston 1733–1933 [Historical Sermon] (Boston, 1933), p. 32.
62. Marshall Davidson, American Heritage History of Colonial Antiques (New York, 1967), p. 153. Here the information on the Hancock House is entitled “Lost Landmarks.”
63. Franklin Webster Smith, Designs, Plans and Suggestions for the Aggrandizement of Washington (Washington, 1900, Senate Document No. 209), pp. 37–39. Here Smith, in advocating retention of the White House as the executive mansion, uses the obvious earlier example of the Hancock House demolition.
64. Walter Kendall Watkins, “The Hancock House and Its Builder,” Old-Time New England, xvii (1926–1927), 3–19. Among these are the following: staircase in Greeley Curtis House, Manchester-by-the-Sea; balusters, one from stair and one from roof, two carved capitals in Essex Institute, Salem; larger carved pilaster cap from “Loer Rume” at National Museum, Independence Hall, Philadelphia; modillion from cornice at Massachusetts Historical Society; pendant from staircase, pilaster caps, and additional modillions at SPNEA; front door at the Bostonian Society; balcony at John Hancock Insurance Company, Boston; carved corbel at Martine Cottage, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, home of R. Clipston Sturgis; stone steps at Pinebank, Jamaica Plain, a house designed by John Sturgis in 1869. Many other elements survive as well.
65. For example, architectural measured drawings were the subject of a symposium on November 16, 1973, celebrating the fortieth anniversary of the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS), which was established in 1933 using measured drawings as a prime documentary tool.
66. Arthur Gilman, “The Hancock House and Its Founder,” Atlantic Monthly, xi (1863), 692–707. One of the most important architects in Boston, Gilman (1821–1882) had designed the Arlington Street Church in Boston (1859) and laid out the plan for the Back Bay. With his partner J. F. Gridley Bryant he had just designed the Boston City Hall (1862). He left Boston for New York and Washington in 1867.
67. Ibid., pp. 692, 694, 706. This sort of poetic approach to old architecture is not without parallel. See, for example, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The House of the Seven Gables (1851), Chapter I.
68. Gilman, “The Hancock House and Its Founder.” Descriptions of the house used in this article are based on Gilman unless otherwise noted.
69. Watkins, “The Hancock House and Its Builder,” p. 19. Here it is specified that the east wing, or ballroom, was removed to Allen Street in Boston’s West End by 1818. Its exact date of construction is not documented but may well have been shortly after John Hancock inherited the house from his uncle (who died in 1764) just prior to the Revolution. Figure 1 showing the house without wings is a lithograph published in 1848 after a drawing of the house by A. J. Davis, the New York architect, who may have executed it as early as 1827–1828 on his well-known sketching trip to Boston.
70. “Surely I Did Not Run Away with the Property of the College,” Harvard Bulletin, x (June 1973), 72.
71. John Sturgis was in partnership with Bryant and Gilman in Boston 1861–1866. He was also designing independently during this period.
72. Charles Brigham to John Hubbard Sturgis, Letters to England, April 5, 1869, and April 18, 1870, Sturgis Papers, The Boston Athenæum. The Hancock staircase was stored in the shop of one Poland, a Boston mason who did considerable other work for Sturgis and his partner Charles Brigham (1841–1925). One of these jobs was “Pinebank” in Jamaica Plain (1869), where the stone steps from the Hancock House are now located. This suggests Sturgis may also have purchased the steps. The Post Office building referred to here (destroyed in the fire of 1872) was designed by Arthur B. Mullett, then architect of government building. Arthur Gilman collaborated with Mullett on the design of the State War and Navy Building in Washington 1871–1875.
73. John Sturgis was visiting with his father Russell Sturgis of Boston, who had settled permanently in London as senior partner of Baring’s Bank. The enterprising Brigham was from Watertown, Massachusetts, where he continued to live all his life. Capital for the architectural partnership, which lasted 1866–1886, was provided by Sturgis.
74. For information on Van Brunt, a pupil of Richard Morris Hunt, see William A. Coles, ed., Architecture and Society, The Selected Essays of Henry Van Brunt (Cambridge, 1969).
75. Bainbridge Bunting, “The Greeley Curtis House,” in Architecture of H. H. Richardson and His Contemporaries in Boston and Vicinity (Philadelphia, 1972), pp. 46–47.
76. See Sturgis Papers. Brigham’s letters make clear that Henry Van Brunt’s academic orientation annoyed him.
77. Adolf Placzek, Librarian, Avery Architectural Library, Paper delivered at HABS Symposium on Architectural Measured Drawings (Washington, D.C., November 1973).
78. Vincent Scully, The Shingle Style (New Haven, 1955), pp. 19–33.
79. James K. Colling Sketchbooks (London, RIBA Drawings Collection). Also see James K. Colling to Russell Sturgis, London, March 6, 1867 (Sturgis Papers). Here Colling discusses making measured drawings of Russell Sturgis’ home Mount Felix in Surrey (1838) by Sir Charles Barry at John Sturgis’ request.
80. See, for example: Edmund Sharpe, The Rise and Progress of Decorated Window Tracery (London, 1849) or The Seven Periods of Gothic Architecture (London, 1851); Samuel Carter Hall, The Baronial Halls and Picturesque Edifices of England, 2 vols. (London, 1848).
81. Asa Briggs, William Morris: Selected Writings and Designs (Baltimore, 1962), pp. 13–26. Concern for architectural preservation in England was well advanced by 1877, and Morris, artist, designer, Pre-Raphaelite, poet, and novelist, first formalized the movement.
82. Margaret Henderson Floyd, “A Terra Cotta Cornerstone for Copley Square: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1870–1876, by Sturgis and Brigham,” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, xxxii (1973), 83–103. Here is further information on Sturgis’ training and on J. K. Colling.
83. Edward W. Hooper was Treasurer of Harvard College and brother-in-law of Henry Adams. Arthur Astor Carey was a grandson of John Jacob Astor and an instructor of English at Harvard. Both men were on the Committee for the Foundation of the Museum of Fine Arts, Copley Square, for which Sturgis was architect. The Cambridge Historical Commission has kindly shared its research with the author on these points.
84. Scully, The Shingle Style, passim. Here the nineteenth-century evolution of the living hall with both staircase and fireplace is extensively documented and the early Colonial Revival discussed.
85. Sturgis used a terra cotta parapet in a similar design on his Charles Joy house, 86 Marlborough Street, Boston (1872), and also on Pinebank, Jamaica Plain (1869).
86. Wheaton A. Holden, “The Peabody Touch: Peabody and Stearns of Boston, 1870–1917,” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, xxxii (1973), 114–131.
87. American Architect and Building News, ii (1877), 133–134. Scully, The Shingle Style, p. 42. Peabody’s comment was made famous within the context of Scully’s landmark volume, where it is reproduced under discussion of the Colonial Revival.
88. Report of the Massachusetts Board of World’s Fair Managers, World’s Columbian Exposition, Chicago 1893 (Boston, 1894), pp. 31–33.
89. Fiske Kimball, Domestic Architecture of the American Colonies and of the Early Republic (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1922), p. 35.
90. Boston Sunday Herald, July 31, 1949, p. 12.
91. George F. Willison, Saints and Strangers (New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, 1945), p. 425.
92. Kimball, Domestic Architecture, p. 14.
93. Frank A. Demers, “Progress Report No. 1, Chronological Identification of 17th Century New England Oak Timbers through Tree-Ring Analysis” (August 21, 1968), ms, Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities.
94. Historic Houses in Andover, Massachusetts, Compiled for the Tercentenary Celebration, 1946, house no. 23–ii.
95. Essex County Deeds (North District), Lawrence, Mass., vol. 572, p. 242.
96. Ibid., vol. 1244, p. 313.
97. Alice G. Lapham, The Old Planters of Beverly in Massachusetts . . . (Cambridge, Mass.: The Riverside Press, 1930), p. 12.
98. Essex County Registered Land, Doc. no. 4235 (Certif. of Title, no. 2070).
99. Ibid., Doc. no. 26323 (Certif. of Title, no. 9473).
100. Sidney Perley, “Beverly in 1700, No. 1,” Essex Institute Historical Collections, lv (1919), 88.
101. Ibid.
102. Beverly Town Records, ms, City Clerk, Beverly, Mass., ii (1685–1711), 68.
103. Notes on the Hale House, Beverly, 1903, by Robert Hale Bancroft and Ellen Bancroft, Archives, Hale House Committee, Beverly.
104. Essex County Deeds, vol. 3117, p. 137.
105. Suffolk County Deeds, iv, 313; M. Halsey Thomas, ed., The Diary of Samuel Sewall, 1674–1729 (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, c1973), i, 28.
106. A Report of the Record Commissioners of the City of Boston, Containing the Statistics of the United States’ Direct Tax of 1798, as assessed on Boston . . . (Boston, Mass., 1890), pp. 188 (Gibbs Atkins) and 199 (Eliza Phillis).
107. Samuel Adams Drake, Old Landmarks and Historic Personages of Boston (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1906), opp. p. 158.
108. Boston Building Department Records, City Hall, Boston, Mass., Permit no. 127 (J. G. Carlson).
109. Suffolk County Probate Records, vii, 115.
110. Suffolk County Deeds, vol. 178, p. 220.
111. Caleb H. Snow, A History of Boston . . . (Boston, 1825), p. 244. See also, Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, A Topographical and Historical Description of Boston (Boston, Mass., 1871), pp. 649–662.
112. Suffolk County Deeds, xvii, 341.
113. Ibid., xxi, 270; The Boston Globe, Oct. 28, 1931.
114. Suffolk County Deeds, xx, 544; xxiv, 109.
115. Ibid., xxxii, 46; xxviii, 102.
116. M. Halsey Thomas, ed., The Diary of Samuel Sewall, 1674–1729 (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, c1973), i, 28.
117. Suffolk County Deeds, xiii, 86.
118. Ibid., vol. 116, p. 128.
119. Ibid., vol. 196, p. 291.
120. A Report of the Record Commissioners of the City of Boston, Containing the Statistics of the United States’ Direct Tax of 1798, as assessed on Boston . . . (Boston, Mass., 1890), p. 201.
121. Suffolk County Deeds, vol. 3221, p. 172. See also, Handbook of the Paul Revere Memorial Association (Boston, Mass.: Printed for the Assoc., 1954), pp. 17–25.
122. Thomas Hutchinson, The History of the Colony of Massachusetts-Bay . . . (Boston, Mass., 1764–1828), i, 349n.
123. Boston city directories.
124. Daily Evening Traveller (Boston, Mass.), July 10, 11, 1860. See also Abbott Lowell Cummings, “The Old Feather Store in Boston,” Old-Time New England, ser. no. 172 (Apr.–June 1958), pp. 85–104.
125. Middlesex County Deeds, ii, 152.
126. The Register Book of the Lands and Houses in the “New Towne” . . . (Cambridge Mass., 1896), p. 167.
127. Middlesex County Probate Records, first ser., docket no. 5172.
128. Middlesex County Deeds, vol. 3694, pp. 333, 335 and 338.
129. See “The Repairs on the Cooper-Austin House,” Old-Time New England, ser. no. 8 (Feb. 1913), pp. 12–18.
130. Middlesex County Registered Land (North District), Lowell, Mass., Land Registration Book, lxiv, 215 (Certif. of Title, no. 12308).
131. “Some Reminiscences of Elizabeth (Prince) Peabody,” The Historical Collections of the Danvers Historical Society, xxv (1937), 37–38.
132. Essex County Deeds, vol. 6173, p. 29.
133. Sidney Perley, “Center of Salem Village in 1700,” The Historical Collections of the Danvers Historical Society, vii (1919), 46.
134. Ibid., p. 47.
135. Essex County Deeds, vol. 1915, p. 180.
136. Ibid., vol. 2779, p. 410.
137. Sidney Perley, “The Plains: Part of Salem in 1700,” The Historical Collections of the Danvers Historical Society, vii (1919), 120.
138. Sidney Perley, “The Plains: Part of Salem in 1700,” The Historical Collections of the Danvers Historical Society, vii (1919), 113.
139. Ibid.
140. Don Gleason Hill, ed., The Early Records of the Town of Dedham, Massachusetts, 1636–1659 . . . (Dedham, Mass., 1892), p. 28; A Plan of Dedham Village, Mass., 1636–1876, published by the Dedham Historical Society (Dedham, Mass., 1883), pp. 3, 4 and 13.
141. Suffolk County Probate Records, v, 112.
142. Suffolk County Deeds, vol. 103, p. 8, and vol. 104, p. 73.
143. Norfolk County Deeds, vol. 975, pp. 602 ff.
144. Alvin Lincoln Jones, Under Colonial Roofs (Boston, Mass., c1894), p. 234.
145. Fourth Report of the Record Commissioners of the City of Boston, 1880, Dorchester Town Records, 2nd ed. (Boston, Mass., 1883), p. 162.
146. Plot dated Apr. 22, 1748, ms, Collections, Dorchester Historical Society.
147. Samuel Blake, Blake Family . . . (Boston, Mass., 1857), pp. 15–16.
148. Fourth Report of the Record Commissioners of the City of Boston, 1880, Dorchester Town Records, 2nd ed. (Boston, Mass., 1883), p. 58.
149. Suffolk County Probate Records, xxxvii, 162.
150. Ibid., lxvii, 176 and 174.
151. Suffolk County Deeds, vol. 8205, p. 204.
152. Essex County Deeds, vol. 3577, p. 74.
153. Ibid., vol. 4235, p. 230.
154. Ibid., vol. 5972, p. 412.
155. George Francis Dow, ed., The Probate Records of Essex County, Massachusetts (Salem, Mass.: The Essex Institute, 1916–1920), iii, 63.
156. Essex County Deeds, vol. 5290, p. 327.
157. Ibid., vol. 6128, p. 363.
158. Essex County Deeds, i (Ipswich), 240.
159. Ibid., v (Ipswich), 596.
160. Ipswich Town Records, ms, Town Hall, Ipswich, Mass., iii (1696–1720), 221.
161. Essex County Deeds, xxxiii, 64.
162. Essex County Probate Records, vol. 350, p. 156.
163. John J. Babson, History of the Town of Gloucester . . . (Gloucester, Mass., 1860), p. 230.
164. Essex County Deeds, lxxix, 199.
165. Ibid., vol. 3714, p. 16.
166. Essex County Probate Records, docket no. 3747. (See will of Nathaniel Brown; deed referred to therein not on file.)
167. Essex County Deeds, iii (Ipswich), 68–69.
168. Ibid., iv (Ipswich), 373–374.
169. William Sumner Appleton, “Annual Reports of the Corresponding Secretary . . .,” Old-Time New England, ser. no. 18 (Nov. 1918), p. 29.
170. Notes by William Sumner Appleton on the Brown House, Hamilton, Mass., Sept. 25, 1916, Corr. Files, Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities.
171. Essex County Deeds, iv (Ipswich), 533.
172. Essex County Probate Records, vol. 304, pp. 10 and 14.
173. Essex County Deeds, vol. 2150, p. 327.
174. Suffolk County Probate Records, viii, 24.
175. For correct identification of site with present house see Suffolk County Deeds, xv, 198, and vol. 148, p. 47, and Suffolk County Probate Records, xxv, 450.
176. Plymouth County Deeds, vol. 1429, p. 18.
177. Suffolk County Deeds, x, 83.
178. Suffolk County Probate Records, xiv, 294.
179. Ibid., lxxxiii, 630–632.
180. Ibid., docket no. 21875.
181. C. Edward Egan, Jr., ed., “The Hobart Journal,” New England Historical and Genealogical Register, 121 (1967), 18.
182. Suffolk County Deeds, ii, 161.
183. Ibid., xxi, 341.
184. The title as recorded by Thomas F. Waters, Ipswich in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (Ipswich, Mass.: The Ipswich Historical Society, 1905–1917), i, 358 (Philip Call lot), is incomplete.
185. Essex County Probate Records, docket no. 4528.
186. Essex County Deeds, xxvi, 176.
187. Ibid., xlii, 79.
188. Ibid., vol. 163, p. 117.
189. Essex County Registered Land, Certif. of Title, no. 36484.
190. Essex County Deeds, ii (Ipswich), 128.
191. Essex County Probate Records, vol. 303, pp. 84–85 and 154.
192. [Thomas F. Waters], “Thomas Dudley and Simon and Ann Bradstreet,” Publications of the Ipswich Historical Society, xii (1903), 15.
193. Essex County Deeds, vol. 4298, p. 52.
194. Essex County Deeds, xv, 115.
195. Ibid., vol. 137, p. 212.
196. Thomas F. Waters, “A History of the Old Argilla Road . . . ,” Publications of the Ipswich Historical Society, ix (1900), 17.
197. Essex County Deeds, xi, 216.
198. The Celebration of the Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary . . . of the Town of Ipswich . . . (Boston, 1884), next to frontispiece.
199. Notes by William Sumner Appleton on the Thomas Burnham house, Ipswich, Mass., Sept. 17, 1914, Corr. Files, Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities.
200. Essex County Deeds, vol. 1678, p. 438; see also vol. 1682, p. 515.
201. Ye Olde Burnham House . . . kept by Martha Lucy Murrary (promotional pamphlet, no publisher, no date), unpaged; see also, Thomas F. Waters, “The Old Bay Road . . .,” Publications of the Ipswich Historical Society, xv (1907), 2n.
202. Ibid.
203. Ralph Ladd to author, Feb. 27, 1954, Corr. Files, American Wing, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City.
204. Essex County Deeds, vol. 2466, p. 256.
205. Secretary’s Files, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City.
206. Essex County Deeds, xi, 92.
207. Ibid., xxiii, 76; xli, 265, and lxxix, 185.
208. Essex County Probate Records, vol. 331, p. 136.
209. Essex County Deeds, lxxxv, 229.
210. Thomas F. Waters, Ipswich in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (Ipswich, Mass.: The Ipswich Historical Society, 1905–1917), i, 482.
211. Essex County Deeds, vol. 5307, p. 173.
212. Thomas F. Waters, Ipswich in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (Ipswich, Mass.: The Ipswich Historical Society, 1905–1917), i, 481.
213. Essex County Deeds, i (Ipswich), 169.
214. Ibid., iv (Ipswich), 501.
215. Essex County Probate Records, docket no. 14024.
216. Essex County Deeds, vol. 1682, pp. 241–242.
217. Ibid., vol. 2857, p. 369.
218. Essex County Deeds, v, 338.
219. Ibid., xliv, 218.
220. Ibid., vol. 4974, p. 196.
221. George A. Schofield, ed., The Ancient Records of the Town of Ipswich. . . (Ipswich, Mass., 1899), unpaged.
222. Ibid.
223. George Francis Dow, ed., Records and Files of the Quarterly Courts of Essex County, Massachusetts (Salem, Mass.: The Essex Institute, 1911–1975), i, 308.
224. Essex County Deeds, xi, 147.
225. Ibid., xxi, 188.
226. Ibid., vol. 5451, p. 705.
227. The title of this house is confused by Thomas F. Waters, Ipswich in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (Ipswich, Mass.: The Ipswich Historical Society, 1905–1917), i, 358 (Cartwright lot).
228. Essex County Probate Records, docket no. 17017.
229. [Thomas F. Waters], “Thomas Dudley and Simon and Ann Bradstreet,” Publications of the Ipswich Historical Society, xii (1903), 5 and 8.
230. Essex County Deeds, xxiv, 236.
231. [Waters], op. cit., p. 10.
232. Essex County Deeds, vol. 5156, p. 235.
233. Incorrectly identified by Thomas F. Waters as having been built by Job Harris before 1751; Ipswich in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (Ipswich, Mass.: The Ipswich Historical Society, 1905–1917), i, 355.
234. Essex County Deeds, iv (Ipswich), 74.
235. Ibid., v (Ipswich), 492.
236. Essex County Probate Records, docket no. 26839.
237. Essex County Deeds, v (Ipswich), 590.
238. Ibid., xvii, 21.
239. Ibid., vol. 2334, p. 585.
240. Essex County Deeds, xvii, 108.
241. Ibid., xxxv, 104–105. See also, Thomas F. Waters, Ipswich in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (Ipswich, Mass.: The Ipswich Historical Society, 1905–1917), i, 389–390.
242. Essex County Deeds, vol. 5384, p. 592.
243. Essex County Deeds, vol. 809, p. 196.
244. Thomas F. Waters, “Jeffrey’s Neck and the way leading thereto . . . ,” Publications of the Ipswich Historical Society, xviii (1912), 4–5, 8–11.
245. See Russell H. Kettell, “The Reconstruction of the Captain Matthew Perkins House . . . ,” Scrapbook, Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities.
246. Ibid.
247. Daniel S. Wendel, in conversation with the author.
248. Essex County Deeds, lxxi, 131.
249. Ibid., lxxii, 269.
250. Thomas F. Waters, Ipswich in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (Ipswich, Mass.: The Ipswich Historical Society, 1905–1917), i, 448.
251. Essex County Deeds, vol. 2583, p. 304.
252. Thomas F. Waters, “The John Whipple House in Ipswich, Mass . . . ,” Publications of the Ipswich Historical Society, xx (1915), 1–2.
253. Essex County Deeds, i (Ipswich), 89.
254. Essex County Probate Records, vol. 304, p. 10.
255. Ibid., vol. 313, p. 458.
256. Essex County Deeds, vol. 1549, p. 6, and vol. 1561, p. 534.
257. Essex County Deeds, iii (Ipswich), 285.
258. Ibid., v (Ipswich), 182.
259. Ibid., ix, 287.
260. Ibid., xv, 109.
261. Essex County Probate Records, vol. 315, p. 307.
262. Essex County Deeds, vol. 2793, p. 246.
263. Harriette M. Forbes, “Some Seventeenth-Century Houses of Middlesex County, Massachusetts,” Old-Time New England, ser. no. 95 (Jan. 1939), pp. 97–99.
264. Middlesex County Deeds, vol. 12800, p. 721.
265. Essex County Deeds, ii, 92.
266. Essex County Deeds, ix, 3.
267. Essex County Probate Records, vol. 319, p. 31.
268. Sidney Perley, “Marblehead in the Year 1700, No. 5,” Essex Institute Historical Collections, xlvii (1911), 68.
269. Essex County Deeds, vol. 2461, p. 585.
270. “Re: House 15 Glover Street, Marblehead,” undated notes by William Sumner Appleton, Corr. Files, Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities.
271. Essex County Deeds, xxii, 210.
272. Norfolk County Deeds, vol. 1604, p. 301.
273. John H. Hooper, “Some Old Medford Houses . . . ,” Medford Historical Register, vii (1904), 49.
274. Joshua Coffin, A Sketch of the History of Newbury [Massachusetts] . . . (Boston, Mass., 1845), p. 391.
275. See James W. Spring, “The Coffin House in Newbury, Massachusetts . . . ,” Old-Time New England, ser. no. 57 (July 1929), pp. 16–18.
276. Ms Collections, Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities.
277. Essex County Deeds, vol. 2798, p. 446.
278. Essex County Deeds, vol. 4094, p. 504.
279. Joshua Coffin, A Sketch of the History of Newbury [Massachusetts] . . . (Boston, Mass., 1845), p. 375.
280. Essex County Deeds, iii (Ipswich), 215, and x, 17.
281. See ibid., xviii, 48; xxxi, 61; and xxxviii, 18; and Essex County Probate Records, docket no. 19766 (inventory).
282. Essex County Deeds, xcv, 192.
283. Ibid., vol. 104, p. 10.
284. William Sumner Appleton, “The Ilsley House,” Old-Time New England, ser. no. 4 (Aug. 1911), p. 10.
285. John J. Currier, “OuId Newbury” . . . (Boston, Mass., 1896), pp. 196–197.
286. Essex County Deeds vol. 194, p. 233.
287. Ibid., vol. 2088, pp. 301 and 306.
288. William Sumner Appleton, “Annual Report of the Corresponding Secretary,” Old-Time New England, ser. no. 14 (May 1916), pp. 5–9.
289. John J. Currier, History of Newburyport, Mass., 1764–1909 (Newburyport, Mass.: Printed for the Author, 1909), ii, 54.
290. Essex County Deeds, xiv, 108.
291. Essex County Probate Records, vol. 316, p. 289.
292. Essex County Deeds, xiv, 107. See also, John J. Currier, “Ould Newbury” . . . (Boston, Mass., 1896), pp. 119 and 142.
293. Essex County Deeds, vol. 167, p. 306.
294. “The Benaiah Titcomb House,” Old-Time New England, ser. no. 4 (Aug. 1911), pp. 15–18; William Sumner Appleton, “Annual Report of the Corresponding Secretary,” Old-Time New England, ser. no. 7 (July 1912), p. 16, and “Annual Reports of the Corresponding Secretary . . . ,” Old-Time New England, ser. no. 18 (Nov. 1918), p. 29.
295. Essex County Deeds, xxix, 94.
296. Essex County Probate Records, docket no. 1788.
297. Essex County Deeds (North District), Lawrence, Mass., vol. 742, p. 359.
298. See Abbott Lowell Cummings, “The Parson Barnard House,” Old-Time New England, ser. no. 166 (Oct.–Dec. 1956), pp. 29–40.
299. See Quincy Patriot Ledger, Oct. 22, 1959, p. 14.
300. M. Halsey Thomas, ed., The Diary of Samuel Sewall, 1674–1729 (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, c1973), i, 101.
301. John Marshall, Diary, ms, The Massachusetts Historical Society.
302. Middlesex County Deeds, xii, 162.
303. The Parker Tavern . . . , pamphlet, printed by the Reading Antiquarian Society, 1930, pp. 9–10.
304. Middlesex County Deeds, xxiii, 259.
305. See the Reading Chronicle, June 27, 1930.
306. Allen Chamberlain and Thomas Williams, The Old Castle . . . (Pigeon Cove, Mass.: Village Improvement Soc., 1939), p. 8.
307. Ibid., p. 9.
308. Essex County Deeds, vol. 2663, p. 125.
309. Essex County Deeds, ii, 83.
310. Sidney Perley, “Salem in 1700, No. 16,” The Essex Antiquarian, vii (1904), 114–116.
311. Essex County Deeds, iv, 103.
312. Corwin Family mss, American Antiquarian Society.
313. See Sidney Perley, “Where Roger Williams lived in Salem,” Essex Institute Historical Collections, lii (1916), 97–111.
314. Essex County Probate Records, docket no. 6946.
315. William P. Upham, “An Account of the Dwelling-Houses of Francis Higginson, Samuel Skelton, Roger Williams, and Hugh Peters,” Essex Institute Historical Collections, viii (1866), 258.
316. Collections, Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities.
317. Essex County Deeds, vol. 537, p. 45.
318. Ibid., vol. 3400, p. 437.
319. Ibid., vol. 3585, p. 340.
320. Suffolk County Deeds, i, 56.
321. Essex County Deeds, i, 31.
322. Ibid., xxxi, 95.
323. Essex County Probate Records, docket no. 24147.
324. Essex County Deeds, vol. 104, p. 164, and vol. 105, pp. 36 and 57.
325. Sidney Perley, “Salem in 1700, No. 21,” The Essex Antiquarian, ix (1905), 168.
326. The Diary of William Bentley, D.D. . . . (Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1962), i, 248.
327. Ibid.
328. Ibid., ii, 25–26.
329. Sidney Perley, “Salem in 1700, No. 21,” The Essex Antiquarian, ix (1905), 169.
330. Essex County Deeds, ii, 96–97.
331. Essex County Probate Records, vol. 302, pp. 125–126.
332. Ibid., vol. 312, p. 9.
333. Essex County Deeds, vol. 4943, p. 46.
334. Ibid., vol. 5431, p. 291.
335. Essex County Deeds, xxxiii, 245.
336. Essex County Probate Records, vol. 357, p. 366.
337. Essex County Deeds, xiii, 54. See also, The Essex Antiquarian, ii (1898), 173.
338. Essex County Deeds, iii, 55.
339. Ibid., iv, 152.
340. Essex County Probate Records, docket no. 14656.
341. Essex County Deeds, xciv, 248; xcvi, 22; and vol. 103, p. 236.
342. Ibid., vol. 137, p. 177.
343. Ibid., vol. 5221, p. 117.
344. Essex County Deeds, vi, 76.
345. Ibid., p. 82.
346. Sidney Perley, The History of Salem, Massachusetts (Salem, Mass.: Sidney Perley, 1924–1928), iii, 65–66.
347. Sidney Perley, “Part of Salem in 1700, No. 5,” The Essex Antiquarian, iv (1900), 169.
348. Essex County Deeds, ii, 75.
349. Pickering Family papers, Pickering House, Salem.
350. Essex County Probate Records, vol. 303, p. 208.
351. Pickering Family papers.
352. Ibid.
353. Essex County Deeds, i, 35.
354. Ibid., ii, 55.
355. Essex County Probate Records, docket no. 22069.
356. Ibid., vol. 302, p. 27.
357. Essex County Deeds, xviii, 162.
358. Ibid., vol. 5215, p. 421.
359. Ibid., vol. 5649, p. 629.
360. Sidney Perley, “Part of Salem in 1700, No. 3,” The Essex Antiquarian, iv (1900), 22 (Capt. Manasseh Marston House).
361. Essex County Deeds, iii, 49. See also, Sidney Perley, “Salem in 1700, No. 23,” The Essex Antiquarian, x (1906), 62–65.
362. Essex County Probate Records, vol. 303, pp. 98–99.
363. Ibid., docket no. 28367.
364. Ibid., vol. 328, pp. 326–339.
365. The Diary of William Bentley, D.D. . . . (Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1962), ii, 463.
366. Essex County Deeds, vol. 1109, p. 288.
367. Ibid., vol. 1927, p. 225. See also, Caroline O. Emmerton, The Chronicles of Three Old Houses (Boston, Mass.: Thomas Todd Co., Printers, 1935), pp. 7–39.
368. Essex County Deeds, vol. 3098, p. 361.
369. Essex County Deeds, vii, 14. See also, Barbara M. and Gerald W. R. Ward, “The John Ward House . . . ,” Essex Institute Historical Collections, 110 (1974), 3–32.
370. Essex County Probate Records, vol. 319, pp. 489–490.
371. Suffolk County Deeds, i, 69–71.
372. Essex County Deeds, xi, 240–241; George Francis Dow, ed., Records and Files of the Quarterly Courts of Essex County, Massachusetts (Salem, Mass.: The Essex Institute, 1911–1975), ii, 89, and viii, 201.
373. Massachusetts State Archives, 59/188.
374. Essex County Deeds, iv (Ipswich), 452.
375. Ibid., vi, 98.
376. Ibid., ix, 5.
377. Essex County Probate Records, docket no. 27301.
378. Essex County Deeds, vol. 118, p. 258.
379. Ibid., vol. 157, p. 117.
380. Ibid., vol. 2287, p. 364.
381. Ibid., vol. 3394, p. 535, and vol. 3382, p. 583.
382. Ibid., vol. 5693, p. 519.
383. A Report of the Record Commissioners of the City of Boston, Containing the Boston Records from 1660 to 1701 (Boston, Mass., 1881), p. 120. See also, Abbott Lowell Cummings, “The ‘Scotch’-Boardman House . . . Part I,” Old-Time New England, ser. no. 151 (Jan.–Mar. 1953), pp. 57–73.
384. Suffolk County Deeds, xxiv, 21.
385. Suffolk County Probate Records, xi, 190.
386. Suffolk County Deeds, xxiv, 142–143.
387. Essex County Probate Records, vol. 368, p. 110; Suffolk County Deeds, vol. 218, p. 72.
388. Essex County Deeds, vol. 2258, p. 37.
389. See Abbott Lowell Cummings, “The ‘Scotch’-Boardman House . . . Part II,” Old-Time New England, ser. no. 152 (Apr.–June 1953), pp. 91–102.
390. Middlesex County Deeds, vol. 9868, p. 367.
391. Essex County Deeds, xix, 148.
392. Ibid., xix, 18.
393. Notes by William Sumner Appleton on the Blaney House, Swampscott, Apr. 21, 1914, Corr. Files, Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities.
394. George Francis Dow, ed., Town Records of Topsfield, Massachusetts (Topsfield, Mass.: The Topsfield Historical Society, 1917–1920), i, 44.
395. Donald Macdonald-Millar to Bertram K. Little, Dec. 6, 1958, Corr. Files, Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities.
396. The Diary of William Bentley, D.D. . . . .(Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1962), iv, 287.
397. Essex County Registered Land, Doc. no. 2266 (Certif. of Title, no. 1203).
398. John H. Towne, “Topsfield Houses and Buildings,” The Historical Collections of the Topsfield Historical Society, viii (1902), 22.
399. Essex County Deeds, xv, 257.
400. Essex County Probate Records, docket no. 10156.
401. Essex County Deeds, xxxii, 289.
402. Ibid., vol. 2375, p. 370.
403. William Sumner Appleton, “Annual Report of the Corresponding Secretary,” Old-Time New England, ser. no. 21 (July 1920), 21–22.
404. Essex County Deeds, liv, 13, and lxi, 269.
405. Ibid., xxxiii, 139.
406. Ibid., lxiii, 262.
407. Ibid., vol. 122, p. 13.
408. Ibid., vol. 2609, p. 133.
409. Middlesex County Probate Records, first ser., docket no. 2941.
410. Watertown Records . . . , Prepared for publication by the Historical Society (Watertown, Mass., 1894–1900), ii, 141. See also, Catharine W. Pierce, “The Brownes of Watertown and the date of the Abraham Browne House,” Old-Time New England, ser. no. 98 (Oct. 1939), pp. 67–72.
411. Middlesex County Deeds, xxix, 194.
412. Ibid., vol. 4259, p. 594.
413. Wenham Town Records (Published by the Wenham [Mass.] Historical Society, 1930–1940), i, 39.
414. Essex County Deeds, xli, 184.
415. Wenham Town Records, i, 157.
416. Essex County Deeds, vol. 125, p. 202.
417. Ibid., vol. 2501, p. 501.
418. See William Sumner Appleton, “A Description of Robert McClaflin’s House,” Old-Time New England, ser. no. 44 (Apr. 1926), pp. 157–167.
419. Essex County Deeds, xi, 205.
420. Wenham Town Records (Published by the Wenham [Mass.] Historical Society, 1930–1940), i, 178.
421. Essex County Deeds, liv, 102.
422. Ibid., vol. 178, p. 242.
423. Frank Chouteau Brown, “The Interior Details and Furnishings of the William Haskell Dwelling . . . ,” Pencil Points, xx (1939), 113–128.
424. Essex County Deeds, vol. 3098, pp. 389–391.
425. Second Report of the Record Commissioners of the City of Boston, 1877 (Boston, Mass., 1877), p. 30.
426. Ibid., p. 168.
427. Suffolk County Deeds, xxxiv, 245.
428. Mellen Chamberlain, A Documentary History of Chelsea . . . (Boston, Mass.: Printed for the Massachusetts Historical Society, 1908), i, 193, and plan opposite.
429. Suffolk County Deeds, vol. 841, p. 87.
430. Ibid., vol. 3182, p. 590.
431. Essex County Deeds, ii, 75.
432. Harrison Ellery and Charles P. Bowditch, The Pickering Genealogy . . . (Cambridge, Mass., 1897), i, 22.
433. Essex County Deeds, vol. 144, p. 149.
434. George Francis Dow, ed., “Salem Commoners Records, 1713–1739,” Essex Institute Historical Collections, xxxvi, 176.
435. Collections, The Essex Institute.
436. Pickering Family papers, Pickering House, Salem.
437. George R. Curwen to Henry FitzGilbert Waters, Oct. 26–Nov. 19, 1885, Waters Family papers: Henry FitzGilbert Waters (1833–1913), Corr. Box 2, Folder 3, The Essex Institute.
438. Gloucester Commoners’ Books, ms, City Clerk, Gloucester, Mass., Bk. ii.
439. Essex Quarterly Court Files, Office of the Clerk of the Superior Court for Essex County, Salem, Mass., v, 51.
440. Edward Everett Hale, Jr., ed., Note-Book kept by Thomas Lechford, Esq., Lawyer, in Boston, Massachusetts Bay, from June 27, 1638, to July 29, 1641 (Cambridge, Mass., 1885), pp. 302–303.
441. Minutes of the Council of Massachusetts Bay reveal that license was granted to Thomas Banister on Mar. 20, 1701, “to erect a building of timber and brick” at the south end of Boston. Cecil Headlam, ed., Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, America and West Indies, 1701 (London: Published by His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1910), p. 138.
442. Charles F. Montgomery, “Thomas Banister on the New Sash Windows, Boston, 1701,” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, xxiv (1965), 170.
443. Suffolk County Court Records, Office of the Clerk of the Supreme Judicial Court for Suffolk County, Boston, Mass., docket no. 1916.
444. Edward Everett Hale, Jr., ed., Note-Book kept by Thomas Lechford, Esq., Lawyer, in Boston, Massachusetts Bay, from June 27, 1638, to July 29, 1641 (Cambridge, Mass., 1885), pp. 51–57.
445. A Report of the Record Commissioners of the City of Boston, Containing the Records of Boston Selectmen, 1701 to 1715 (Boston, Mass., 1884), pp. 11–12, 17, 23, 28 and 79.
446. Lane Family papers, privately owned.
447. Suffolk County Court Records, Office of the Clerk of the Supreme Judicial Court for Suffolk County, Boston, Mass., docket no. 1833.
448. Unrecorded deeds, etc., 1721–1840, Peabody-Osgood Family papers, The Essex Institute.
449. Sidney Perley, ed., “Boxford Town Records, 1685–1706,” The Historical Collections of the Topsfield Historical Society, v (1899), 101.
450. Essex Quarterly Court Files, Office of the Clerk of the Superior Court for Essex County, Salem, Mass., xxiv, 115.
451. A Report of the Record Commissioners Containing Charlestown Land Records, 1638–1802, 2nd ed. (Boston, Mass., 1883), pp. 171–172.
452. Ibid., pp. 174–175.
453. A Report of the Record Commissioners Containing Charlestown Land Records, 1638–1802, 2nd ed. (Boston, Mass., 1883), pp. 172–173.
454. Charles B. Rice, Proceedings at the Celebration of the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the First Parish at Salem Village, now Danvers, October 8, 1872 . . . (Boston, Mass., 1874), p. 21.
455. Don Gleason Hill, ed., The Early Records of the Town of Dedham, Massachusetts, 1659–1673 . . . (Dedham, Mass., 1894), pp. 165–166.
456. Essex Quarterly Court Files, Office of the Clerk of the Superior Court for Essex County, Salem, Mass., xli, 10.
457. Essex Quarterly Court Files, Office of the Clerk of the Superior Court for Essex County, Salem, Mass., vi, 70–71.
458. Winthrop Papers (Boston, Mass.: The Massachusetts Historical Society, 1929–1947), iv, 11–12. See also Thomas F. Waters, “A History of the Old Argilla Road in Ipswich, Massachusetts,” Publications of the Ipswich Historical Society, ix (1900), 23–29.
459. Franklin P. Rice, ed., First Records of Marlborough, Massachusetts (Worcester, Mass.: Published by Franklin P. Rice, 1909), pp. 12–13.
460. Middlesex County Probate Records, first ser., docket no. 7724.
461. Corwin Family mss, American Antiquarian Society.
462. Jonathan Corwin, Account Book, ms, vol. for 1656–1679, American Antiquarian Society.
463. Jonathan Corwin, Account Book, ms, vol. for 1656–1679, American Antiquarian Society.
464. Essex Quarterly Court Files, Office of the Clerk of the Superior Court for Essex County, Salem, Mass., vi, 85–87.
465. Henry W. Belknap, Trades and Tradesmen of Essex County, Massachusetts . . . (Salem, Mass.: The Essex Institute, 1929), p. 56.
466. Robert W. Lovett, ed., Documents from the Harvard University Archives, 1638–1750 (Boston, Mass.: Published by The Colonial Society of Massachusetts, 1975), p. 22.
467. “Towne Family Papers,” The Historical Collections of the Topsfield Historical Society, xviii (1913), 4–5.