LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

1 Stiles, History and Genealogies of Ancient Windsor (1892), ii. 194.

2 Ibid. ii. 212.

3 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xxiv. 204, xxviii. 102.

4 Stiles, History and Genealogies of Ancient Windsor (1891), i. 594, 602, ii. 625; Dexter, Yale Biographies and Annals, ii. 265.

5 Stiles, History and Genealogies of Ancient Windsor, ii. 227, 625. See also ii. 210–227.

6 Ibid. ii. 561.

7 Ibid. i. 576. See also Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit, i. 230–232.

8 Stiles, History and Genealogies of Ancient Windsor, i. 577.

9 Ibid. i. 722, ii. 561.

10 Ibid. i. 713, 714.

11 Ibid. i. 722. For further facts concerning Mr. Perry, see ibid. i. 574–577, 653, ii. 723; Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit, i. 231 note.

12 A few of the missing words have been supplied conjecturally between brackets.

13 Capt. William Nichols was a charter member of the Marine Society at Newburyport, incorporated 13 October, 1777 (Massachusetts Province Laws, v. 737, 823–825). He attended the St. Patrick’s Day dinner in Boston, 17 March, 1767 (Letters and Diary of John Rowe, 1903, p. 125). See ibid. pp. 318, 407.

14 The allusion is probably to Jonathan Mason, a prominent Boston merchant, an Overseer of the Poor (1760–1787), Treasurer of the Board (17871795), and one of the Selectmen, chosen in the preceding March in the room of John Rowe, who declined further service (Diary, p. 183). He was also of the first Board of Directors of the Massachusetts Bank, incorporated 25 February, 1784 (Memorial Ilistory of Boston, iv. 200, 201). On 20 March, 1775, James Hooker and Oliver Mather, a committee of the town of Windsor, Connecticut, appointed “to receive donations for the poor of Boston,” addressed a letter to Mr. Mason announcing the shipment to him of the provisions they had collected (Stiles, History and Genealogies of Ancient Windsor, Connecticut, i. 310). See also Manual for the use of the Overseers of the Poor in the City of Boston (1866), pp. 160, 162.

15 Capt. Constant Freeman, a sea-captain, sailed between Boston and London and later settled at Quebec. He was the father of the Rev. Dr. James Freeman (Foote, Annals of King’s Chapel, ii. 378; Wyman, Genealogies and Estates of Charlestown, i. 375; Letters and Diary of John Rowe, pp. 88, 144, 234).

16 The assault on Mr. Otis occurred on Tuesday, 5 September, 1769, about seven o’clock in the evening. See the Boston Gazette of Monday, 11 September, 1769, p. 2/3.

17 The British Coffee House, later known as the American Coffee House, stood in State Street, on the northerly side, and had a frontage of thirty-eight or thirty-nine feet and a uniform depth of seventy feet, the westerly line of the estate being forty-four or forty-five feet east of Fitch’s, Flagg’s or Pierce’s Alley, now known as ’Change Avenue. The property was bought for £1450, 25 April, 1792, by the Massachusetts Bank (Suffolk Deeds, clxxiii. 28, 29), and, on the west, adjoined the estate on the easterly corner of ’Change Avenue long owned and occupied by the Suffolk Bank. At the time of the assault on Otis this last named lot was the site of the London Book Store, mentioned below (p. 6 note 4). These two properties are now (1906) covered by the Massachusetts Building, numbered 60 in State Street. The Massachusetts Bank erected and occupied a stone building on its purchase, and held the lot, with additions in the rear made in 1799, 1810, and 1810 at a cost of $8,138.34 (ibid, cxcii. 158, ccxxxi. 217, cccclix. 105), till 23 April, 1860, when it sold the estate, then measuring 38 feet 10 inches on State Street, 31 feet 4 inches in the rear on the Hancock Tavern lot, and having a uniform depth of 163 feet 8 inches, and containing 5732²⁶/₁₀₀ square feet, to Moses Williams, grandfather of our associate bearing the same name, for $160,000 (ibid, dcclxxviii. 225. See also ibid, clxxxvii. 184, 186, cccci. 17, cccclxx. 58, dxxvi. 165). In 1906 this land alone was taxed by the city of Boston on a valuation of eighty dollars a square foot. Corn Court, which originally ran only southerly from Faneuil Hall Square, but which has since been extended, at right angles, easterly on irregular lines to Merchants’ Row, makes a part of the northern boundary of the Coffee House lot, and was undoubtedly the “back passage” through which Robinson fled after his assault on Otis. See Tudor, Life of James Otis, p. 363.

18 The only John Gridley of whom any record is found in Boston who may have been the person mentioned in the text was John, son of Isaac and Sarah (Porter) Gridley, who was baptized 16 October, 1737. He had elder brothers, Benjamin, baptized 4 February, 1732–33, and Pollard, baptized 28 March; 1735 (Registers of the New South Church). See Frothinghatn, Life and Times of Joseph Warren, p. 167 note; Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports xxiv. 207, 221, xxviii. 143; Suffolk Probate Files, no. 14,062. A letter by John Gridley relating to Robinson’s assault on Otis is printed in the Boston Gazette of 25 September, 1769, p. 2/3.

19 For an account of this assault and the occurrences which led up to it, see Tudor, Life of James Otis, pp. 354–366; Works of John Adams (1850), ii. 219 and note; Letters of James Murray (1901), p. 159; Letters and Diary of John Rowe, p. 192.

20 Murray gives a full account of this incident in a letter to a friend in New York dated Boston, 30 September, 1769 (Letters, pp. 159–162); and it is alluded to by John Rowe in his Diary (p. 192). Murray was handled so rougldy by the people that they were rebuked by Jonathan Mason, one of the Selectmen.

21 John Mein’s shop (1765–1769) was in King, now State, Street, “at the London Book Store, Second Door above the British Coffee House” (see above, p. 5 note 3); and in 1767, in partnership with John Fleeming, he started the Boston Chronicle, which was printed in Newbury Street, almost opposite the White Horse Tavern (Publications of this Society, ix. 483). See also ibid. v. 283 and note; Letters of James Murray, pp. 168–174; Sabine, Biographical Sketches of Loyalists in the American Revolution, ii. 78; Thomas, History of Printing (1810), i. 361–365; Buckingham, Specimens of Newspaper Literature, i. 212–216; Loring, Hundred Boston Orators (1853), pp. 23, 24.

The Boston Gazette of Monday, 29 July, 1771, p. 3/2, announces: “This day is opened, a new London Bookstore, by Henry Knox, opposite Williams’s Court in Cornhill, Boston.” This Washington Street site has sometimes been confounded with that in State Street, above mentioned.

22 John Robinson, one of the Commissioners of the Customs, against whom Otis brought an action and recovered damages in £2000 sterling, was married at Trinity Church exactly a month after this affair, 5 October, 1769, to Anne Boutiueau (Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xxx. 400), the daughter of James Boutineau, who defended his son-in-law in this suit. Robinson gave bonds to answer to it and sailed for England 16 March, 1770, — “goes home to represent all these things in their proper light” (Letters and Diary of John Rowe, pp. 179, 199; Publications of this Society, vii. 4 note 2; Letters of James Murray, p. 165). He returned to sign, in August, 1772, a written apology acknowledging his fault and begging Otis’s pardon, to pay the costs of court, and to receive a discharge, drawn by Otis, from the payment of the heavy damages awarded him. See Tudor, Life of James Otis, pp. 365, 503506; Sabine, Biographical Sketches of Loyalists in the American Revolution, i. 241, 242, ii. 229, 230.

23 Professor John Winthrop (H. C. 1732). For a notice of him, see Publications of this Society, vii. 321–329. Concerning the appearance of the comet, see Letters and Diary of John Rowe, pp. 191, 192.

24 See Publications of this Society, v. 265–268.

25 This facsimile is made from the signature appended to another letter of Dr. Young. Of the signature to the letter in the text only “Young” remains, but the identity of the handwriting is apparent. An address was added to the letter in the text, but only the letters “Po” (or “Pe”) can be deciphered.

26 My thanks are due to Messrs. Frederick L. Gay, Herbert Putnam, William P. Greenlaw, Julius H. Tuttle, Edmund M. Barton, John Woolf Jordan, I. Minis Hays, Robert H. Kelby, Wilberforce Eames, Charles K. Bolton, and Albert Matthews for aid received in the preparation of this communication. I have also had the advantage of access to the Notes on early American Physicians by the late Dr. J. M. Toner, now in the Library of Congress.

27 The original of Charles Clinton’s Journal is now in the New York State Library.

28 After this Memoir had been written and was about to be put to press, Miss Charlotte van Peyma of the New York State Library at Albany, in response to inquiries, called my attention to the fact that Mr. Edward M. Ruttenber, the author of the historical sketch of New Windsor which appeared in 1881 in the History of Orange County, was still living at Newburgh, New York. From him I learned that he had in his possession a copy, made by himself about thirty years since, of a manuscript account of the Young and Clinton families written a century ago by Dr. Joseph Young, a brother of Dr. Thomas Young, who was living at that time (11 April, 1807) at No. 53 Catharine Street, New York City. This he has been so kind as to allow me to copy for use in completing this Memoir. There is an account of the Clintons, based largely on this manuscript, in Dr. David Hosack’s Memoir of De Witt Clinton (1829), pp. 22–24, 137–141.

29 Dr. Joseph Young served as surgeon prior to his appointment as Hospital Physician and Surgeon, 20 September, 1781, and until the close of the war (Heitman, Historical Register of Officers of the Continental Army, 1775–1783, Washington, 1893, p. 448). In the Knox Manuscripts (xvi. 115), in the cabinet of the New England Historic Genealogical Society, is a letter, dated at Albany, 30 December, 1783, written to Gen. Henry Knox by Dr. Joseph Young “Hospital Surgeon.” Dr. Joseph Young’s narrative, mentioned in the preceding note, bears the following title: “A Genealogical and Biographical Sketch, written by Joseph Young at the request of his niece, Barbara Amelia Hertell, who wished to gain some knowledge of her progenitors and collateral kindred, as recollected in memory. Written in June 1807.” See p. 50 and note, below.

30 John Crawford purchased lands in New Windsor in 1738. He is presumed to have been son of James Crawford, and brother of James, 2nd.

31 Jane, widow of Thomas Armstrong, died at Little Britain, 5 February, 1761, aged 84 years (gravestone in Clinton burial ground at Little Britain). Thomas Armstrong, who was her second husband, died, as already stated, on the voyage to America.

32 John Young died in 1784 aged 82 years. [Note by Dr. Joseph Young.]

33 These farms were on the Andrew Johnston Patent, the centre and seat of Little Britain and its immediate vicinity. The deeds to Clinton and Young were dated 22 August, 1730. In the log-house built on John Young’s farm, Dr. Thomas Young was born. About 1764, probably on his removal to Albany, John Young sold this estate to John Welling, who, in 1765, built on the site of the log-house, which was moved to one side but has long since disappeared, a stone house known as the Welling Homestead, which to-day shelters his descendants in the fourth and fifth generations.

All through the large district to which the name [Little Britain] was applied, the great majority of the settlers were Scotch-Irish or English-Irish and nearly all were Presbyterians. Agreeing very generally in their religious views, they were also remarkable for the uniformity of their political convictions. When it came down to the era of the Revolution, there were but few who were Tories or King’s men, and these were mainly members of the Church of England, of whom there was a sprinkling in the neighborhood. Charles Clinton, through his sons, Governor George and Gen. James, and his grandson Governor DeWitt, has, perhaps, the most extended historical reputation in the politics of the State. . . . The neighborhood was composed of men of strong natural abilities and marked character (E. M. Huttenber and L. H. Clark, History of Orange Comity, New York, pp. 211, 214, 215, 222).

34 This, probably, was the Rev. John Moffat, whose school was known as Moffat’s Academy (Ruttenber and Clark, History of Orange County, p. 212).

35 Concerning the Winegars, who were Palatines and who lived in Amenia, see James H. Smith, History of Duchess County, New York (1882), pp. 335, 336; Newton Reed, Early History of Amenia (1875), pp. 16–20; and below, p. 50 notes 1 and 4.

36 Collections of the New York Historical Society, Second Series, ii. pp. 125, 126. Benson was the first President of the Society. See also Newton Reed, Early History of Amenia, pp. 45, 46 and notes, 106 and note; New England Historical and Genealogical Register, xlvii. 215.

37 See p. 50 note 4, below.

38 Mrs. Wadhams was Ethan Allen’s sister-in-law. Abigail Beebe married, (1) Capt. Heman Allen of Salisbury, Litchfield County, Connecticut, and after his death in May, 1778, (2) Solomon Wadhams (Y. C. 1762) of Goshen, Connecticut, in 1780. She died in Goshen 3 June, 1844, in her 91st year (Dexter, Yale Biographies and Annals, ii. 773, 774). See also Stiles, History of Ancient Wethers field, Connecticut (1904), ii. 772; Cothren, History of Ancient Woodbury, Connecticut (1854), i. 414; Hemenway, Vermont Historical Gazetteer (1867), i. 561 and note, 562.

39 A note in Wells’s Life and Public Services of Samuel Adams (ii. 238) refers to Dr. Young as “among the earliest and most uncompromising of the Boston patriots . . . and a valued friend of Samuel Adams,” — a fact of present interest considering the pronounced orthodox religious views which Mr. Adams always held.

40 Captain Aaron Davis, Jr., a merchant of Boston and Roxbury, was born 18 October, 1735, married Susannah Craft 20 November, 1760, and died 12 October, 1773. In June, 1771, he was appointed Captain of the train of Artillery of the First Suffolk Regiment. His early death was attributed to exposure while drilling his troops. The announcement of his death in the Boston News-Letter of Thursday, 14 October, 1773 (p. 3/2), describes him as “a worthy, honest, useful Man, — a great Public Loss.” He was son of Colonel Aaron Davis, born 26 April, 1709, who married Mary Perrin 25 January, 1732–33, and died 11 June, 1777. The father was an active Patriot and served on many committees to protest against the policy of the British Government toward the Colonies. In November, 1774, he was chosen Captain of the Company raised from the First Parish; and he represented Roxbury in the three Provincial Congresses, 1774–1776.

I am indebted to Mr. Horatio Davis for the facts contained in this note. See Roxbury Town and Church Records; F. S. Drake, The Town of Roxbury, in Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xxxiv. 23–30, 36, 82, 89, 92, 103, 110, 142, 461.

41 The town meeting at which this action was taken was held 20 November, 1772 (Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xviii. 93–108).

42 Dr. Young was the author of an anonymous pamphlet entitled —

The copy of this rare octavo tract in the Lenox Library is more complete than any other of which I can learn. Mr. Wilberforce Eames writes concerning it:

For a notice of Col. John Henry Lydius and his part in these disputes, see Hiland Hall, History of Vermont (1868), pp. 169, 495–497.

43 Dr. Young was one of the Sons of Liberty of Albany as early as 1 March, 1766, when he attended, as a delegate from New York, a conference of the Sons from several of the Colonies held at the Court House in Annapolis, Maryland (Isaac Q. Leake, Memoir of the Life and Times of General John Lamb, 1857, pp. 3, 4).

44 Fourth Report of the Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, p. 399; Narrative and Critical History of America, viii. 160. See also 1 Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, xi. 142.

45 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xvi. 253–255. See also Letters and Diary of John Rowe, pp. 165, 166.

46 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xvi. 255.

47 Ibid, xxiii. 23.

48 Wells, Life and Public Services of Samuel Adams, i. 366.

49 Ibid. i. 379. See Publications of this Society, vi. 390, 391 and note; 1 Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, iv. 28.

50 This building stood where Hamilton Place now is. It was selected for this occasion, because the first opposition to the soldiers had been made here in October, 1768. Mr. John Brown, having possession of the building as a tenant under the Province, refused admission to the military. The Sheriff was sent by Gov. Bernard to take possession and was refused admittance. On a third attempt he found a window open, and entered by that; upon which, the people gathered about him, and made him prisoner (Snow, History of Boston, 1828, p. 285 and note).

“The Bells of the several Congregational Meeting-houses, were tolled from XII o’clock at Noon till 1. . . . An Oration was delivered in the Evening, by Dr. Young, at the Hall of the Manufactory, a Building originally designed for Encouraging Manufactories and Employing the Poor.— The Oration it is said, contained a brief Account of the Massacre; of the Imputations of Treason and Rebellion, with which the Tools of Power endeavoured to brand the Inhabitants, and a Discant upon the Nature of Treasons, with some Considerations on the Threats of the British Ministry to take away the Massachusets Charter, &c. &c.” (Boston Weekly News-Letter of Thursday, 7 and 14 March, 1771, pp. 3/3, 3/1.) See also J. S. Loring, Hundred Boston Orators, pp. 24, 25.

51 An Oration delivered March 15, 1775, at the Request of a Number of the Inhabitants of the Town of Boston, by Dr. Thomas Bolton (1775), p. 3.

52 Ibid. pp. 6, 7.

53 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xviii. 47.

54 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xviii. 49–51.

55 Ibid, xviii. 53, 54.

56 Ibid, xxiii. 97. Patience (Lovell) Wright (1725–1785), wife of Joseph Wright of Bordentown, New Jersey, was “a lady of uncommon talent [who] made herself famous for likenesses in wax, in the cities of her native country . . . [and] was enabled to seek more extensive fame, and more splendid fortune in the metropolis of Great Britain . . . [where] her work was considered of an extraordinary kind” (Dunlap, History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the United States, 1834, i. 132). Her only son Joseph, a pupil of West, was a successful portrait painter, modeller in clay, and die sinker in England, France and the United States, and in 1784 he painted a portrait of Washington for the Count de Solms (ibid. i. 313). Her elder daughter, who married an American by the name of Platt, inherited something of her mother’s talent and made herself known in New York, about 1787, by her modelling in wax (ibid. i. 134). “Her younger daughter married Hopner, the rival of Stuart and Lawrence as a portrait painter” (ibid. i. 135, 312). In the summer of 1781 Abigail Adams “went to see the celebrated Mrs. Wright” at her studio in London, and in a letter to her sister Mrs. Cranch, she gives an amusing description of her visit and of the artist’s personality (Letters of Mrs. Adams, 1810, ii. 32, 33).

Mrs. Wells, mentioned in the text, was a sister of Mrs. Wright. She practised her art in Philadelphia, where John Adams visited her in the spring of 1777. “There is genius as well as taste and art discovered in this exhibition [of wax-work]. But I must confess the whole scene was disagreeable to me” (Letters of John Adams, addressed to his Wife, 1841, i. 223, 224).

57 Suffolk Deeds, cxxii. 5.

58 For an interesting account of the site of this tavern, also known as the States Armas, by the late Mr. John T. Hassam, see New England Historical and Genealogical Register for 1880, xxxiv. 41–48. Mr. Hassam also described the site of the Castle Tavern, later known as the George Tavern, which stood nearby, at the westerly corner of Dock Square and Elm Street, in ibid, xxxiii. 400–403.

59 Suffolk Deeds, cxxii. 6. In 1781 John White assigned his mortgage to David Bradlee of Boston for £140.8 (ibid, cxxxii. 169). Dr. Young died seized of this property, in 1777, after his removal from Massachusetts. In Suffolk Deeds (cxl. 87) is recorded an order of the Probate Court for the District of Sharon, County of Litchfield, Connecticut, to Lieut. David Doty of said Sharon, physician, administrator of the estate of Dr. Thomas Young, late of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, deceased, to make sale of the real estate of said Young for the benefit of creditors. In pursuance of it, on 11 November, 1783, Doty sold the property in Wing’s Lane for £230, lawful silver money, to David Bradlee before mentioned (ibid. cxl. 87). Bradlee sold to John Wyer, for £400, 7 November, 1792 (ibid, clxxiv. 106), and he in turn, for £3020, sold to Elizabeth Brewer, widow, 15 August, 1804 (ibid. ccix. 137), who, for $3,300, sold it to David Greenough of Boston, merchant, 26 January, 1818 (ibid, cclvii. 236). See below, p. 52.

60 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xviii. 93; Wells, Life and Public Services of Samuel Adams, ii. 127; Frothingham, Rise of the Republic of the United States, p. 267 and note.

61 Frothingham, History of the Siege of Boston, p. 30; E. G. Porter, Rambles in Old Boston, New England, pp. 97, 98, 272.

Police Station No. 8 stands on the easterly end of the Salutation Tavern lot, on the northeasterly corner of Salutation Street and what is now Commercial Street. As early as 27 October, 1692, the messuage then called the Salutation, later known as “the sign of the Two Palaverers,” was conveyed, for £544, by Elizabeth Green, wife of William Green of Malden, as executrix of her former husband, John Brooking, late of Boston, mariner, to Sir William Phips, the nearly rectangular lot then measuring 49 feet on the Street and 237 feet on the Alley (Suffolk Deeds, xv. 210). See also ibid. i. 57, iv. 58, xxiii. 38, xxxviii. 45, xlii. 241, xlix. 2, cix. 18, cxlv. 85, cccxxi. 267; John Brooking’s will, 1683, in Suffolk Probate Files, miscellaneous docket; Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xxv. 248.

62 Frothingham, Life and Times of Joseph Warren, pp. 169, 170.

63 J. S. Loring, Hundred Boston Orators, p. 77; E. G. Porter, Rambles in Old Boston, New England, p. 272. See also E. H. Goss, Life of Colonel Paul Revere, i. 117, 120, 133, ii. 636–638, 644.

64 E. H. Goss, Life of Colonel Paul Revere, ii. 642.

65 Letters and Diary of John Rowe, pp. 252, 253.

66 Wells, Life and Public Services of Samuel Adams, ii. Ill; Frothingham, Rise of the Republic of the United States, pp. 305, 307, 308, 334.

67 History of the United States (1854), vi. 478, 486.

68 Frothingham, Life and Times of Joseph Warren, pp. 247, 264, 265.

69 F. S. Drake, Tea Leaves (1884), pp. 93, 171, 172. See ibid. pp. 23 note, 32, 44, 50, 59, 64, 90, 91; 1 Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, xii. 174–181, xiii. 171, xx. 15; Frothingham, Life and Times of Joseph Warren, p. 279 note.

70 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xviii. 169; E. H. Goss, Life of Colonel Paul Revere, ii. 614.

71 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xviii. 178.

72 Letters and Diary of John Rowe, p. 276.

73 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xviii. 183.

74 Deacon John Barrett, a prominent Boston merchant, was born 21 June, 1708; married Sarah Gerrish, 3 June, 1731; chosen Deacon of the New North Church, 6 December, 1742; and died 9 September, 1786 (Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xxiv. 54, xxviii. 170; Records of the New North Church, p. 242; Suffolk Probate Files, no. 18, 757; Letters and Diary of John Rowe, pp. 195, 216; New England Historical and Genealogical Register, xlii. 263).

75 Failing to identify “Wilder the Postman,” I addressed a note of inquiry to Mr. C. W. Ernst, whose knowledge of all matters concerning the postal service of this country, the legislation affecting it, and its history is recondite. An extract from his reply follows:

76 Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont iii 493

77 See three spirited letters on public affairs written in May, June and July, 1774, in I. Q. Leake’s Memoir of the Life and Times of Gen. John Lamb, pp. 84–92. There is another letter of Dr. Young, dated 25 March, 1771, written on behalf of the Boston Committee of Correspondence to their brethren in Salem, in the Pickering Papers (xxxix. 40). See 6 Massachusetts Historical Collections, viii. 577.

78 J. S Loring, Hundred Boston Orators, p. 26; Works of John Adams, i. 64. In the Letters of John Adams addressed to his Wife (1841), however, we find the following passages:

79 E. Warren, Life of John Warren, M.D., p. 28.

80 Wells, Life and Public Services of Samuel Adams, ii. 237, 238. See also a letter from Adams to Young, dated 17 October, 1774, in ibid. ii. 242; Boston Gazette of Monday, 5 September, 1774, p. 2/2; Stiles, Literary Diary, i. 478; Paige, History of Cambridge, p. 154.

81 1 Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, viii. 360. Andrews was in error in stating that Dr. Young was intending “to settle at Providence,” since he went directly to Newport, where he arrived on the following Thursday night, the fifteenth.

82 Boston Evening-Post of Monday, 19 September, 1774, p. 3/1.

83 Stiles, Literary Diary, i. 463 note.

84 The allusion is to the Hon. William Channing, father of the Rev. Dr. William Ellery Channing.

85 1774, November 5. The Rose, frigate, Capt. Wallace, was stationed at Newport for the winter, and repeated the annoyances of the Gaspee (S. G. Arnold, History of Rhode Island, 1894, ii. 342).

86 The extracts from Dr. Stiles’s Literary Diary in the text (pp. 37, 38, above), make it doubtful if Dr. Young went directly to Philadelphia, where, however, he appears to have been established in the following July (above, text, p. 39).

87 The allusion is probably to Dr. Jason Valentine O’Brien Lawrence (1791–1823). See J. Thacher, American Medical Biography (1828), i. 352–356.

88 Medical Inquiries and Observations (1818), iii. 140.

89 I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Charles Francis Adams for this interesting item from the only letter of Dr. Young preserved in his family papers.

90 W. Duane, Extracts from the Diary of Christopher Marshall, 1774–1781 (1877).

91 Thomas Clemens and Elizabeth Andrews Mitchell, both of Boston, were married at King’s Chapel 6 May, 1764. They had several children baptized at the Chapel, 1766–1774, and others at Trinity Church, after the Evacuation of Boston, 1776–1785 (Registers of King’s Chapel and Trinity Church). This is the only family of this name in Boston at that time “with several children” which appears of record. Thomas Clemens, or Clement as the name was later spelled, was a Vestryman of King’s Chapel, 1783–1801, and died 10, buried 12, September, 1823, at the age of 88 (Foote, Annals of King’s Chapel, ii. 608; Boston Records of Deaths). He appears to have been among those members of the Chapel congregation who espoused the cause of the Colonies, hence the probability of his family having to seek refuge “for the present” in Albany during the Siege of Boston. See Foote, Annals of King’s Chapel, ii. 162, 321–323, 325, 328, 329, 331, 381, 590, 592, 596.

92 Dr. Young appears to have been one of the gentlemen sent into the different counties with the resolves of the Philadelphia town meeting of 20 May. Yorktown or York is the County town of York County, Pennsylvania.

93 Minutes of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, x. 653. 1 Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, iv. 33, 34.

94 1 Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, iv. 33, 34.

95 Force, American Archives, Fourth Series, vi. 1325; Fifth Series, iii. 305, 605. See also ibid. Fourth Series, i. 764, 783, and v. 1145.

96 This was William Thorne’s School-room in Vidal’s Alley, Philadelphia, which was frequently used in the evening for political meetings. See W. Duane, Extracts from the Diary of Christopher Marshall, 1774–1781 (1877), pp. 66, 67.

97 Works of John Adams, ix. 622, 623.

98 Works of John Adams, ix. 617, 618.

99 Pennsylvania Magazine, xxii. 205–300.

100 Minutes of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, xi. 50. See also xi. 52.

101 Ibid. xi. 151. See also xi. 155.

102 Journals of the American Congress from 1774 to 1788 (1823), ii. 31.

103 John Brown Cutting, of Delaware, was an apothecary for the Middle Medical District and for some time at the Hospital at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.

104 E. Warren, Life of John Warren, M.D., p. 147.

105 Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont, i. 394–396. This Address is also printed in Documentary History of the State of New York (1851), iv. 934, 935. It is most imperfectly printed in Vermont State Papers (1823), p. 76.

106 Vermont State Papers, pp. 77, 78; Documentary History of the State of New York (1851), iv. 832, 941.

107 Journals of the American Congress from 1774 to 1788 (1823), ii. 176.

108 Ibid. ii. 178.

109 The Declaration and Petition of the Inhabitants of the New Hampshire Grants, to Congress, announcing the District to be a Free and Independent State, and dated at Westminster, 15 January, 1777, is printed at length in Ira Allen’s Natural and Political History of the State of Vermont (London, 1798), pp. 80–85, followed by extracts from Dr. Young’s letter and from the Records of Congress.

110 Journals of the American Congress (1823), ii. 182, 183. See Hiland Hall, History of Vermont, pp. 243, 250, 251, 208, 497–500; Records of the Governor and Council of Vermont, i. 32, 42, 58, 59, 78, 83, 394–399, 403, 404; S. Williams, Natural and Civil History of Vermont (1809), ii. 167 et seq.; Vermont State Papers, pp. 65–79; Z. Thompson, History of Vermont, pp. 51–53, 106; B. H. Hall, History of Eastern Vermont, pp. 566, 567; Documentary History of the State of New York (1851), iv. 934–946; Collections of the New York Historical Society for the year 1870, pp. 30, 31; Lossing, Pictorial Field Book of the Revolution, i. 168 note.

111 Independent Chronicle (Boston) of Thursday, 17 July, 1777, p. 3/1.

112 Continental Journal (Boston) of Thursday, 24 July, 1777, p. 3/1

113 Historical Magazine, Second Series, iv. 224.

114 The Winegars were of Amenia, Dutchess County, New York. See p. 14 note 2, above; p. 52, below.

115 Probably during her widowhood, Mrs. Knies kept a private school for young women. The family of Knies was from “High Germany.” In time the name was spelled Nase (Newton Reed, Early History of Amenia, pp. 21, 22, 141). See the inscription on her gravestone, p. 51, below.

116 Mr. Ruttenber says that this son was named Thomas Y. Knies.

117 The towns of Sharon, Connecticut, and Amenia, New York, are contiguous; and there has always been a strong community of interest among the inhabitants of both towns. Salisbury adjoins Sharon on the north.

118 Dr. Strong may have been identical with Josiah Strong, who, with his wife, was admitted to the Amenia church 17 July, 1774. See text, above.

119 Dr. Joseph Young, later of Albany, Dr. Thomas Young’s younger brother. See p. 9 note 3, above.

120 Concerning this entry Miss Reed writes:

121 The Rev. David Rose graduated at Yale College in the Class of 1760 (Dexter, Yale Biographies and Annals, ii. 676). He served the Amenia Church during the Revolutionary War when, for a time, Mr. Knibloe’s patriotism was suspected and his ministrations were not acceptable to his people, with whom, however, he finally died in peace.

122 This inscription is printed in Judge Van Alstyne’s Burying Grounds of Sharon, Connecticut, Amenia, and North East, New York (1903), 123.

123 Sharon Probate Records, v. 120.

124 E. A. Doty, The Doty-Doten Family in America (1897), nos. 9505, 9506, ii. 661. See also C. F. Sedgwick, General History of the Town of Sharon, Connecticut (1877), p. 127. In view of the family connection, through the Winegars, of Dr. Young and the Dotys, it is of interest to remark that the Suffolk Congress convened on Tuesday, 16 August, 1774, just before Dr. Young’s flight from Boston, at the Doty Tavern in Stoughton, Massachusetts, kept by Col. Thomas Doty (1703–1795); and that Dr. Joseph Warren was a leading spirit in the Congress, which at a subsequent meeting passed the Suffolk Resolves that were drafted by Warren (Frothingham, Life and Times of Joseph Warren, pp. 341, 361; Huntoon, History of Canton, Massachusetts, pp. 196, 318, 335–337, 340).

125 See p. 31 note 2, above.

126 Sharon Probate Records, vi. 5.

127 State Papers, in the office of the Secretary of State, Montpelier, Vermont, xvii. 234. For a copy of this document I am indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Edward M. Goddard, Assistant Librarian of the State Library, who writes that “the filing on the petition indicates that no action was taken on the matter; and I am unable to find any reference to the petition in 1787 Council records.”

128 Ira Allen, Natural and Political History of the State of Vermont, p. 86 note. There are many references to Dr. Young and his activity in public affairs, during his residence in Boston, in Frothinghanrs Life and Times of Joseph Warren, pp. 24, 64 note, 157 note, 201, 258, 290, 305, 313, 316, 321, 325, 326, 355, 360, 388, 525. Frothingham frequently quotes from manuscript letters of Dr. Young, the ownership of which he omits to mention.

129 The following are the titles of the books: E. Doumergue’s Jean Calvin, Les Hommes et les Choses de son Temps, Lausanne, 1905; F. C. Ebrard’s Die Französisch-reformierte Gemeinde in Frankfurt am Main, 1554–1901, Frankfort, 1906; and a reprint, published at London in 1846, of the 1575 edition of A Brief Discourse of the Troubles Begun at Frankfurt in the year 1554, about the Book of Common Prayer and Ceremonies.

130 Boston Gazette, 2 July, 1764, p. 3/2.

131 Massachusetts Province Laws, iv. 869.

132 History of Harvard University, ii. 115. Cf. ibid. ii. 112–116, 496; Peirce, History of Harvard University, pp. 281–295.

133 It fills the entire first page of that issue. The notes here printed are in the original.

134 History of Massachusetts, iii. 105 note.

135 ^a Hollis Hall built by Massachusetts Province, A. D. 1763.

136 ^b The late Honorable Thomas Hancocks Esq: who founded a Professorship of Oriental Languages, and design’d to have given £500 Sterling towards furnishing a new Library; but he dying suddenly before he had subscrib’d, his Nephew, John Hancock, Esq: gave said sum.

137 ^c New-Hampshire Province, which gave £300 Sterling towards furnishing ft Library.

138 ^d The Name of Hollis.

139 ^e There is a new, and most elegant Apparatus, vastly excelling that which was destroy’d.

140 ^f Dr. Young on Original Composition, and Longinus on the Sublime.

141 ‡Sis bonus O felixque tuis! Virgil.

142 The following Yorkshire visitations have been printed: 1530, T. Tonge, edited by W. Hylton Dyer Longstaffe (Surtees Society, xli); 1563, 1564, W. Flower, edited by C. B. Norcliffe (Harleian Society, xvi); 1584, 1585, R. Glover, 1612, R. St. George, edited by J. Foster (1875); 1665, 1666, W. Dugdale, edited by R. Davies (Surtees Society, xxxvi); 1665, 1666, W. Dugdale, edited by J. W. Clay (Genealogist, New Series, ix et seq.).

“Most of the above, however,” remarks Walter Rye, “have been printed from transcripts, and in several cases from incorrect and incomplete transcripts” (Records and Record Searching, pp. 152, 153). But how much better are the visitation copies in the College of Arms?

143 J. Hunter, South Yorkshire, ii. 243–248.

144 The arms of the Wentworth-Woodhouse family as recorded by Tonge are: Sable, a chevron between three leopards’ heads or. (No crest given.) The arms of the American Baronets were: Arms— sable, on a chevron engrailed or, between three leopards’ faces argent, two antique keys, chevronwise azure, wards upwards. Crest — on a mount vert, a griffin passant, per pale or and sable, charged with two antique keys erect in fesse, counter charged.

Motto — En Dieu est tout. (Burke’s Peerage, 1842.)

The coat of Wentworth of Elmsall, from which came the American family, is given in Dugdale’s visitation (1660–66) exactly as Tonge gives that of the elder house quoted above. Besides the “honorable augmentation” of the keys, the herald engrailed the chevron and possibly changed the leopards’ heads from gold to silver; but as they were sometimes argent as early as the time of Elizabeth, this can hardly be considered a change. Cf. Surtees Society’s Publications, vol. xli. p. xx.

145 Wentworth Genealogy, by John Wentworth, 1878.

146 “His taking the title of Raby . . . added to his many enemies the notorious Sir Harry Vane who proved one of the most bitter of them; . . . Lord Clarendon mentions it as ‘an act of the most unnecessary provocation that I have known and I believe was the chief occasion of the loss of his head’” (G. E. C., Complete Peerage, vii. 263).

147 Matthew Wentworth’s youngest child, Beatrix, was married to Arthur Kaye and was the great-grandmother of Grace Kaye, the mother of Sir Richard Saltonstall, the Massachusetts colonist. See L. Saltonstall’s Ancestry and Descendants of Sir Richard Saltonstall.

148 Genealogist, New Series xvii. 182. This is an addition to the record of Dugdale. Mr. Clay’s edition is made with the express purpose of extending the pedigrees of the Dugdale visitation. The additions are distinguished by differences of type. See Genealogist, New Series, ix. 61.

149 Wentworth Genealogy, i. 45, 46.

150 Hunter, South Yorkshire, ii. 215. See also Testamenta Eboracensia (Surtees Society, xxx), pp. 118–124, 127, 128.

151 Wentworth Genealogy, i. 5.

152 Any one who may be disposed to accept the authority of all visitation pedigrees without question or who may be overpowered by the authority of the College of Arms as upheld in The Right to Bear Arms by “X” or by other fervent advocates, may find instruction and amusement in Mr. J. H. Round’s Peerage and Family History. Mr. Walter Rye, writing in 1897 in defence of the heralds, said: “One thing I can say, of my own knowledge, that the officers are far more conscientious and careful than they used to be, and nowadays very seldom pass fudged pedigrees as was formerly the case” (Records and Record Searching, p. 148).

153 South Yorkshire, ii. 453.

154 These pedigrees are taken from the following sources: I, Wentworth Genealogy, vol. i. p. xv; II, Flower’s Visitation, Publications of the Harleian Society, xvi. 344; III, Glover’s Visitation and St. George’s Visitation, edited by J. Foster (1875), pp. 374, 375; IV, An Old Pedigree in Hunter’s South Yorkshire, ii. 81; V, Foster’s Pedigrees of the County Families of Yorkshire (1874), vol. ii; VI, Joseph Edmondson, Baronagium Genealogicum, vol. i. plate 80. In the last named work there is also a pedigree, vol. iii. plate 194, which is the same as I. Pedigrees I and V state that William, who married Dionisia de Rotherfield, also married for a second wife Lucy Newmarch.

155 The almanacs printed by the Cambridge Press in the early days of the Colony have attracted the attention of bibliographers, and their value in the eyes of collectors has been greatly enhanced by their rarity. One among them, in which the calculations were made by a future President of Harvard College, is thus alluded to by Cotton Mather, in his life of Urian Oakes in the Magnalia:

The “parcel of astronomical calculations” was the Almanac for 1650.

156. In 1781 an annual allowance was made to each of these universities by the government, “in lieu of the Money heretofore paid to the said Universities by the Company of Stationers of the City of London, for the Privilege of printing Almanacks.” The tenth section of the Act in which this was accomplished recites that the privilege of printing and vending almanacs had been granted to the universities and by them demised to the Company of Stationers, for which they had received one thousand pounds and upwards annually. This privilege had by a late decision at law been found to be “a common right, over which the Crown had no Controul, and consequently the Universities no Power to demise the same to any Person or Body of Men” (21 George III, Ch. 56).

157 2 W. Blackstone, p. 1003 et seq.

158 Trinity Term of the Court of Common Pleas, 29 Car. II and reported 1 Mod. p. 256.

159 Dwight, Travels in New England and New York, i. 381–383. Cf. i. 376.

160 Struggle through Life, London, 1807, ii. 32–33. 6

161 This will apply equally as well to the earlier and later Connecticut legislation on the same subject which is quoted hereafter (pp. 89–91, 93).

162 Massachusetts Province Laws, 1754–55, Ch. 20, iii. 797, 798.

163 Massachusetts Province Laws, iii. 835.

164 Colonial Records of Connecticut, vii. 10.

165 State Records of Connecticut, ii. 176.

166 Rhode Island Colonial Records, vi. 509.

167 Rhode Island Colonial Records, vii. 54.

168 Rhode Island Laws, August, 1772, p. 46.

169 Johann David Schöpf, Reise durch einige der mittlern und südlichen vereinigten nordamerikanischen Staaten nach Ost-Florida und den Bahama-Inseln unternommen in den Jahren 1783 und 1784. Erlangen, 1788.

170 The possibility that Arthur Young may have seen this naturally suggests itself. In that event the presumption that it was instrumental in leading up to the series of observations chronicled by Young and quoted by Mr. Kittredge (p. 96, below) makes this reference doubly interesting.

171 See Botanical Gazette, May. 1884, ix. 83.

172 London, 1805, 1806, 1808.

173 Annals of Agriculture, xliii. 322.

174 James Payne, Annals of Agriculture, xliii. 618.

175 Benjamin Cotton, Annals of Agriculture, xliv. 132. See also xliii. 325, 327, 328, 336, 625; xliv. 86, 132, 138, 141, 146, 149, 152, 154, 155, 159, 425; xlv. Ill, 115, 117.

176 Short Account, p. 10.

177 Part i. p. 47, of the undated Philadelphia reprint by “Ed. Barrington and Geo. D. Haswell.”

178 The authority is the Parish Register of Bury, published by the Lancashire Parish Register Society. Mr. Axon states that the will of Henry Dunster, the father of President Dunster, is preserved in the Chester Probate Register, and he gives some information derived from it. In his article in the Clavian, Mr. Hewitson also states that the Rev. Richard Mather (the father of President Increase Mather), a native of Lowton, in the parish of Winwick, was married to Katherine Holt at Bury on 29 September, 1624. 7

179 Though the letter is a copy, yet it was presumably written by Cabot himself.

180 Probably the Col. Thomas Savage who was born in 1688 and died in 1720.

181 Felt, Annals of Salem (1827), p. 423; Essex Institute Historical Collections, iv. 275.

182 Owing to torn paper, bad handwriting, and Cabot’s unfamiliarity with English, the letter, which has been deciphered by Miss Mary H. Rollins, is difficult to read. The first line of each couplet in our text reproduces the text of the letter, so far as this is possible; while the second line indicates what it is supposed the writer intended.

183 Writing in 1796, Capt. J. G. Stedman said:

For notices of Cassard (1672–1740), see Michaud, Biographie Universelle, vii. 126–128; La Grande Encyclopédie, ix:. 679.

184 The Peace of Utrecht was concluded in 1713.

185 In a letter to the Lords of Trade dated October 31, 1712, Governor Hunter of New York wrote:

Capt. Thomas Graves, who attained the rank of Rear-Admiral, died in 1755. As to the name of his vessel, there is a curious discrepancy. In the above letter Gov. Hunter calls it the “Dullidge.” In letters dated December 16, 1712, and March 14, 1712–13, he speaks of it as the “Dunwich” (ibid. v. 350, 356). Writing in 1796, Charnock said that Graves was on January 1, 1712–13, “appointed either to the Dunwich or Dunkirk, a confusion arising, most probably from some mistake in the manuscript lists which have been preserved” (Biographia Navalis, iv. 43, 44). Capt. Graves was the father of Thomas Graves, Lord Graves, who was commander-in-chief of the British naval forces in America at the time of the siege of Yorktown.

186 These Directions are printed in my Writings of Washington, xii. 230–234, and in Sparks’s Writings of Washington, xii. 336–339, but are reprinted here as an introduction to the letters to Whiting.

187 George Steptoe, Lawrence, and Harriott Washington were children of General Washington’s brother, Samuel Washington.

188 The wife of Maj. George A. Washington.

189 The letter was mailed from Philadelphia.

190 Thomas Davis, who appears as mason and painter.

191 Son of General Washington’s half-brother, Augustine Washington.

192 Maj. George A. Washington.

193 William Bartram.

194 A letter to Whiting dated Philadelphia, November 11, 1792, is printed in Sparks’s Writings of Washington, xii. 354–358.

195 Word omitted in manuscript.

196 The allusion is doubtless to A Letter on the Construction and Use of the improved Foot Plough, By an Essex Farmer. London, 1784, of which there is a copy in the Washington Collection in the Boston Athenæum.

197 The allusion is probably to John Beale Bordley’s Summary View of the Courses of Crops, in the Husbandry of England and Maryland, Philadelphia, 1784, of which there is a copy in the Washington Collection in the Boston Athenæum.

198 Pierce Butler (1744–1822), Senator from South Carolina.

199 Robert T. Hooe of Alexandria, Virginia.

200 William Garner, overseer of the River Plantation.

201 See p. 139, above.

202 Arthur Young. Cf. pp. 95, 96, above.

203 Joseph Davenport, a miller.

204 Owen Crow, an overseer.

205 See p. 139 note, above.

206 Dr. David Stuart.

207 Benjamin Hawkins (1754–1816), Senator from North Carolina.

208 Richard Bassett.

209 The word “kerf “means the “place at which a tree or branch is or has been cut across; the cut end or surface either on a felled or pruned tree” (Oxford Dictionary).

210 William Augustine Washington, General Washington’s nephew, has already been mentioned (p. 110, above).

211 “I would not have you seek (at least apparently) Major Harrison; but if you should, or could conveniently fall in with him soon, and without forcing the conversation, talk with him again on the subject of his land adjoining me, and extract anything farther from him on the subject thereof that might be useful to me, I should be glad to know it. The enclosed letter to me from Mr. Chichester, the only person (except Thomas Mason, his son in law, who also has poor tenanted land adjoining Harrisons) that can in my opinion step forward as a competitor, shows his ideas of the value of it; — but altho’ this may be the intrinsic worth, yet, circumstances considered, I would give more for it, if it is unincumbered with leases, than the sum therein ment^d, or would give by way of Exchange lands in Kentucky for it” (Washington to Robert Lewis, March 7, 1793, quoted in Conway’s George Washington and Mount Vernon, p. lx).

212 Col. Thomas Colvil. 12

213 Robert Bakewell (1725–1795).

214 Butler remained on the plantation till October, 1794.

215 Whiting died soon after

216 John Christian Ehler, who had been secured for Washington in 1790 at Bremen, by Henry Willmans, Danish consul at that place.

217 In a paper read before this Society in February, 1906 (Publications, x. 253–258), Mr. Albert Matthews, after speaking of the celebration at Milton on February 11, 1782, remarked that this was perhaps “a belated date.” Mr. Dexter’s extract proves that such was the case. On March 3, 1779, Ezra Stiles wrote: “Gen. Washington’s Birthday celebrated 11^th ult. at Milton” (Literary Diary, ii. 324).

218 See Publications of this Society, vi. 110–114.

219 Massachusetts Gazette, October 10, 1765.

220 For a note on the British Coffee House, see p. 5 note 3, above.

I am indebted to Mr. Albert Matthews for the following information. Mein and Sandeman came in the same ship with the latter’s uncle, the Rev. Robert Sandeman. The following notice appeared in the Boston Gazette of October 22, 1764 (p. 3/2):

In the Boston Gazette of November 19, 1764, was printed an advertisement of which the following is a part.

The name of Mein & Sandeman is last found in the Boston Gazette of February 18, 1765 (p. 2/3). On June 17, 1765, Mein alone was occupying the same shop, where he remained until late in September or early in October (Boston Gazette, June 17, 1765, p. 3/2; September 23, p. 4/1). In the Boston Gazette of October 7, 1765, Mein’s goods were advertised “to be Sold at the LONDON BOOK-STORE (lately improved by Messi’rs. Rivington and Miller) the second Door above the British Coffee-House, North Side of King-street” (p. 3/1). In October, 1764, Rivington and Miller occupied the London Bookstore, then on the “North Side of the Town House” (Boston Gazette, October 8, 1764, p. 1/2). In December, 1764, they moved to the shop later occupied by Mein (ibid., December 10, 1764, p. 2/2). See also p. 6 note 4, above.

221 A copy is in the Library of the Massachusetts Historical Society. It has the following title:

Mr. Matthews informs me that the Catalogue was advertised as “This Day Published” in the Boston Gazette of November 4, 1765 (p. 3/3), where also will be found a notice “To the PUBLIC.” It would be interesting to know in how many other American towns circulating libraries had at that time been established. That Mein’s was not the first in this country is proved by an advertisement of Garrat Noel, to which Mr. Matthews calls my attention, inserted in John Holt’s New-York Gazette of September 5, 1765 (p. 3/2), notifying “The Subscribers to NOEL’s circulating Library . . . that there is an Addition made of several new Books.” To Dr. Austin B. Keep of the New York Society Library I am indebted for the information that Noel’s Circulating Library was first advertised in William Weyman’s New-York Gazette on August 29, 1763, as follows:

222 Thomas Longman to John Hancock, January 3, 1770:

As November 5 fell on a Sunday in 1769, Pope Day was celebrated on the 6th. The following is taken from Mein’s paper, the Boston Chronicle, of November 9, 1769 (ii. 361/2):

On the right side of the same. — An Acrostick.

223 Fourteenth Report of the Historical Manuscripts Commission, Appendix, part x. See also Publications of this Society, ix. 480–481 notes.

224 The seal of the city and necessary papers required an outlay of twenty guineas, and barred litigation except in important cases. For the writ, dated March 1, 1770, see Suffolk Court Files, no. 89428.

225 Longman’s letter to Hancock, January 3, 1770. I am indebted to Mr. Charles Pelham Greenough, for allowing me to examine a series of letters relating to this affair.

226 Dated “Friday, 2d March (1770) at Mrs. Gordon’s in Quaker lane” (Congress Street).

227 For an account of these financial troubles and the relations between Mein and Murray, see Letters of James Murray, pp. 168–174

228 Longman’s account showed purchases amounting to £2099 2s ½d [1 & ½]. of which Mein had paid £419 2s 10d, leaving a debt of £1679 19s 3½d (Suffolk Court Files, no. 89428).

229 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xviii. 16.

230 Records of the Superior Court of Judicature, 1771, [xxx.] 210.

231 He was in prison November 22, 1770

232 See also Thomas’s History of Printing (1874), i. 152, ii. 230; John Rowe’s Diary, October 28, 1769; Sabine, Biographical Sketches of Loyalists in the American Revolution, i. 427, ii. 78; Publications of this Society, ix. 480.

233 The name by which Summer Street was known before the Revolution

234 Newbury, later Washington, Street.

235 Independent Chronicle, May 25, 1786, p. 2/3.

236 Ibid., August 31, 1786, p. 3/4.

237 Independent Chronicle, March 15, 1787.

238 Benjamin Guild (H. C. 1769).

239 Independent Chronicle, March 10, 1785. Guild is said to have purchased the business of Ebenezer Battelle of Marlborough (now Washington) Street. Battelle gave Guild a note, dated April 21, 1780, for £204 18s 5d. In the settlement of Guild’s estate, in 1792, this is mentioned as “bad, Sundry sums endorsed” (Suffolk Probate Files, no. 20,030).

240 Ibid., May 10, 1787

241 Ibid., October 18, November 8, 1787.

242 Sabine, Biographical Sketches of Loyalists in the American Revolution, ii. 549; Massachusetts Province Laws, v. 913, 915.

243 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xxvii. 4.

244 1 Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, iv. 360.

245 Independent Chronicle, October 25, 1792; Suffolk Probate Files, no. 20,030

246 Independent Chronicle, May 16, 1793. The Boston Public Library has a copy with the title:

The terms of subscription to the Circulating Library are announced on reverse of title, and the catalogue itself fills p. 3–42, followed by five pages of advertisements. Dodd, Mead & Co. offered a copy for sale in 1904 for $18.00.

247 This was the William Price estate, on the southerly corner of Washington Street and Court Avenue, which was the cause of long litigation between King’s Chapel and Trinity Church. It is now occupied by Thompson’s Spa. See the William Price Fund, Trinity Church in the City of Boston (1883); Foote, Annals of King’s Chapel, ii. 417–142; New England Historical and Genealogical Register, xxvi. 400. I am indebted to Mr. Henry H. Edes for this and for part of the following note

248 William Pinson Blake, long associated with Boston as bookseller, publisher, and owner of a circulating library, was born in Boston, January 9, 1769, and baptized at the New South Church, January 23, following, the eldest child of William and Rachel (Glover) Blake (Registers of the New South Church; Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xxi. 230, xxx. 296); and died unmarried in New York City June 5, 1820 (Records of the New York Department of Health). His brother Lemuel Blake died in Boston, March 4, 1861, also unmarried, having been a bookseller, publisher, and proprietor of a paper warehouse. He was born in Dorchester August 9, and baptized at the First Church August 13, 1775 (Registers of the First Church in Dorchester; J. H. Dexter’s Manuscript Memoranda in the Cabinet of the New England Historic Genealogical Society).

In the New York City Directory for 1818, William P. Blake and Co. appear as booksellers at 249 Broadway.

249 Independent Chronicle, March 28, 1805.

250 Boston Directory for 1807.

251 Independent Chronicle, June 20, 1796.

252 The title-page of Pelham’s second catalogue reads:

Title, lp.; Conditions, pp. 3–4; Catalogue, pp. 5–22.

253 I am indebted to Mr. Charles P. Greenough for information relating to the Pelhams and Blagroves. Pelham’s cousin Helen or Helena Pelham, who married Thomas Curtis, was the ancestor of several well-known Boston families. Henry B. Blagrove, in a letter from Baltimore, dated May 4, 1848, to Charles Pelham Curtis and James Freeman Curtis, gives many details of family history. Pelham’s nephew, in a letter from Santa Fe in 1857, added some data. See Publications of this Society, v. 193–211; Heraldic Journal, iv. 175–182; New England Historical and Genealogical Register, xxvi. 399–401; Foote, Annals of King’s Chapel, ii. 420–425; S. C. Clarke, Records of Some of the Descendants of William Curtis, pp. 18, 19.

254 Independent Chronicle, October 7, 1805. Mr. Parker opened a music store in connection with his Library in 1833, and soon gave up or sold the books

255 J. H. Dexter’s Manuscript Memoranda in the Cabinet of the New England Historic Genealogical Society.

256 I am indebted to Miss Mary Honoria Wall (now Mrs. John Henry Gill) for many references to contemporary newspapers, and also for frequent and helpful suggestions during the preparation of this paper.

257 Independent Chronicle, May 17, 1802.

258 Independent Chronicle, August 19, 1784.

259 Dr. Charles E. Clark and Mr. F. J. Libbie have several bookplates and labels of interest in this connection: the Union, Franklin, Columbian, Charlestown, Washington, and Ladies Libraries, about three inches wide and two and a half inches high, and some larger labels with conditions and rules.

260 The present thoroughfare known as Cornhill, laid out March 5, 1816, is here referred to. Old Cornhill, Marlborough, Newbury, and Orange Streets, were renamed Washington Street by votes of the Selectmen, July 4, 1788, and of the Board of Aldermen, July 6, 1824.

261 A copy is in the Library of the Massachusetts Historical Society.

262 An account of Herbert Pelham and his family is given in the New England Historical and Genealogical Register, xxxiii. 285–295, and in the Heraldic Journal, ii. 84–89; and of Peter Pelham and his family in the same journal, iv. 175–182, and in the Publications of this Society, v. 193–211. There was apparently no connection between these families.

263 See Publications of this Society, vi. 122–123 note.

264 The original of this Autobiography, written in 1828, is owned by Mrs. Alexander Wadsworth, by whose courtesy it is printed in our Transactions. It is in manuscript, in a school-boy’s note-book, bearing on the inside cover the words, written in a school-boy’s hand, “Dummer R. Chapman’s Book, 2d quarter, October 18th, 1822.” Dummer R. Chapman was a son of the author. The paging of the original is indicated within square brackets.

265 Jonathan Chapman, son of Thomas and Ann (Kettell) Chapman, married Jemima Stone, widow of Jacob Stone and daughter of Richard and Mary (Kidder) Miller. Capt. Jonathan Chapman was the son of Jonathan and Jemima (Miller) Stone Chapman, and the father of Jonathan Chapman, Mayor of Boston during the years 1810–1842. Much information about the Chapman, Devens, Miller, and other families mentioned in the Autobiography will be found in Wyman’s Genealogies and Estates of Charlestown. See also Frothingham’s History of Charlestown, J. F. Hunnewell’s Centuryⁿ of Town Life (Charlestown), and T. T. Sawyer’s Old Charlestown.

266 Here Capt. Chapman’s memory played him false. In 1748 Thaddeus Mason was one of a committee to visit the school, and on August 20, 1764, the selectmen “gave Mr. William Harris the care of the writing-school.” William Harris was the father of the Rev. Thaddeus M. Harris. See Frothingham, History of Charlestown, pp. 259, 268; Wyman, Genealogies and Estates of Charlestown, i. 475.

267 Môle St. Nicolas, Haiti.

268 Maine

269 Capt. Thomas Symonds, of the British Navy, died in 1793

270 Elk River, at the head of Chesapeake Bay.

271 Bancroft, History of the United States (1890), v. 175.

272 Cooper, History of the United States Navy (1856), p. 81.

273 The marginal date is probably incorrect, as the fort was not taken until November 15. See Bancroft, History of the United States, v. 192, 198, 199

274 A bunt is “the middle part of a sail, formed designedly into a bag or cavity, that the sail may gather more wind” (Oxford Dictionary).

275 A point is “one of the short pieces of flat braided cord attached to near the lower edge of a sail for tying up a reef” (ibid.).

276 A grummet- (or grommet-) hole is “a hole bound by a ring of rope” (ibid.).

277 A snow “is generally the largest of all two-masted vessels employed by Europeans, . . . The sails and rigging on the main-mast and fore-mast of a snow, are exactly similar to those on the same masts in a ship; only that there is a small mast behind the main-mast of the former, which carries a sail nearly resembling the mizen of a ship” (W. Falconer, Universal Dictionary of the Marine, 1789).

278 William Browne (H. C. 1755), Governor of Bermuda. See Sabine, Biographical Sketches of Loyalists of the American Revolution, i. 265.

279 Charleston, South Carolina.

280 Portsmouth, Norfolk County, Virginia

281 Nansemond, Virginia.

282 Perhaps Col. Edward Hacker Moseley. See Virginia Magazine, v. 332–334.

283 See Publications of this Society, vi. 80.

284 Col. Henry Jackson. See Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors of the Revolutionary War, viii. 667.

285 Now Castine.

286 Vice-Admiral Sir George Collier (1738–1795).

287 August 14, 1779. See Bancroft, History of the United States, v. 334, 335; Cooper, History of the United States Navy, pp. 119, 120.

288 James Henley was the son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Cheever) Henley of Charlestown. His sister Elizabeth was the first wife of Thomas Russell (died 1796)

289 George’s Island is near Chebuoto Head.

290 Dartmouth is opposite Halifax Harbor and about a mile or so from the town.

291 Sambro Head is at the entrance of Halifax Harbor

292 Liverpool, Nova Scotia, a port about seventy miles southwest of Halifax.

293 Prospect, Nova Scotia.

294 Malagash, Nova Scotia.

295 La Have is in Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia.

296 Matinicus Island, off Penobscot Bay.

297 Mr. Albert Matthews informs me that the term “shaving-Mill,” though not recognized in the Century Dictionary, was employed in the sense indicated in the text during the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, and sends me the following extracts:

See also the Columbian Centinel, August 18, 1813, p. 2/5; and J. L. Locke’s Sketches of the History of the Town of Camden, Maine (1859), p. 32

298 Probably Capt. Consider Rowland. See Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors of the Revolutionary War, viii. 403; Publications of this Society, vi. 76 note.

299 Bernardo Galvez (1756–1794).

300 Near Guadaloupe, April 12, 1782. See Bancroft, History of the United States, v. 540.

301 Savanna-la-Mar.

302 A word is here struck out.

303 Abigail Devens was the daughter of Richard and Mary (Townsend) Devens of Charlestown.

304 Several words are here struck out

305 St. Paul and New Amsterdam are islands in the Indian Ocean.

306 Cape Comorin, British India.

307 Manappadu, Madras.

308 Anjengo.

309 Tellicheri, about fifty miles north of Calicut.

310 Mauritius.

311 St. Paul de Loanda

312 An error for 1791.

313 Loango is a French settlement, between St. Paul de Loanda and Cape Lopez.

314 There appears to be some error here. John Roberts was appointed Governor on March 25, 1780, and died before May 26, 1781. William Fielde was Governor from June 20, 1789, to November 15, 1791. See G. Macdonald, The Gold Coast Past and Present, pp. 346, 347.

315 Alexander Moore left a widow, Ruth, who later married John Scott and removed to London. Moore’s estate was administered in Boston, and in his inventory was scheduled “the Snow Generous Friends, with the Masts, Yards, Cables, Anchors, Sails, Stand’g and Rung Rigging, Boats, Stores &c,” valued at £400. See Suffolk Probate Files, no. 20186.

316 Elmina.

317 Anamabo.

318 St. Eustatius.

319 Sombrero.

320 This was the Asia. See p. 233 note 2, below.

321 Cape Verde Islands.

322 Tranquebar.

323 Trineomali.

324 The arrival of “Ship Asia, Chapman,” was noted in the Columbian Centinel of May 7, 1796 (p. 3/1). In the same paper of May 11 was printed an advertisement in part as follows (p. 3/3):

The Asia, a fine new Ship, built for the India Trade, 327 tons burthen; made one voyage only — can be put to sea at small expense, and will be sold on liberal terms.

325 See Cooper, History of the United States Navy, pp. 153, 154.

326 The Pickering was with Commodore John Barry’s squadron in the West Indies, and was lost at sea in August, 1800. See ibid. pp. 167, 176, 182.

327 The Herald also served in West Indian Waters, and was sold when the Navy was reduced in 1801. See ibid. pp. 182, 193.

328 Sir Robert Liston (1742–1836).

329 Preble was later promoted to the rank of Commodore, and was in command of the Mediterranean squadron in the war with Tripoli in 1803–1804. See Cooper, History of the United States Navy, chaps, xx–xxiv.

330 The Boston took part in several actions against the French in West Indian waters in 1800. She carried Robert R. Livingston to France in 1801. See ibid. pp. 182, 205.

331 Java.

332 Three miles S. S. E. from Marblehead.

333 Near Calcutta.

334 Now Bowdoin Street. The land was at the corner of Cambridge Street. See Suffolk Deeds, ccix. 68. It is said that the garden covered a part of the land where the Revere House now stands.

335 This land was in Main Street, Charlestown. See Suffolk Probate Files, no. 30071. The entire estate, real and personal, was appraised at $69,865.53. Sawyer writes:

336 Sawyer writes:

337 Now known as the Harvard Church. The Rev. James Walker was later President of Harvard College.

338 David Ellis was the father of the Rev. George E. Ellis and the Rev. Rufus Ellis.

339 Publications, v. 257–297.

340 In April, 1777, officers were sent out by the Committee of Safety of New Hampshire to apprehend Dr. Hedges, then a resident of Dunbarton, New Hampshire, there being evidence against him as one concerned in counterfeiting New Hampshire bills, and he was arrested and committed to the jail in Cambridge, Massachusetts; but he was soon released and employed by the State authorities in hunting counterfeiters and Tory suspects. In September, 1777, he petitioned the New Hampshire Legislature for the fee in certain lands at Goffstown, New Hampshire. (State Papers of New Hampshire, viii. 546, 554, 694, 703, 735, 807.)

341 Capt. Ephraim Jones kept the tavern and had the care of the jail at Concord, Massachusetts, during the Revolutionary period. He was born in Concord, May 1, 1730, and died there September 21, 1787, son of Ephraim and Mary (Hayward) Jones.

342 Hon. Oliver Prescott, A.M., M.D., was born in Groton, Massachusetts, April 27, 1731, son of Hon. Benjamin and Abigail (Oliver) Prescott, and was graduated at Harvard College in 1750. He was president of the Middlesex Medical Society, served as Brigadier-General and Major-General in the Revolution, and afterwards was Judge of Probate of Middlesex County until his death, November 17, 1804. (Prescott’s Prescott Memorial, pp. 59, 60.) In April, 1777, the Committee of Safety of New Hampshire addressed a letter to him concerning Dr. Silas Hedges. (State Papers of New Hampshire, viii. 546.)

343 Hon. James Prescott was born in Groton, Massachusetts, January 13, 1720–21, son of Hon. Benjamin and Abigail (Oliver) Prescott. He was a Colonel of Militia, and at the beginning of the Revolution was a member of the Provincial Congress and of the Board of War. Afterwards, he was a judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He died in Groton, February 15, 1800. (Prescott’s Prescott Memorial, p. 56.)

344 Col. Nathaniel Peabody was born in Topsfield, Massachusetts, February 18, 1740–41, son of Dr. Jacob and Susanna (Rogers) Peabody. He studied medicine with his father, and then removed to Atkinson, New Hampshire, where he was a physician and Colonel of Militia. In the Revolutionary period he represented Atkinson in the New Hampshire Legislature and was a member of the Committee of Safety, until 1779, when he was chosen a member of the Continental Congress. He was subsequently a Major-General; and died in Atkinson, June 27, 1823. (New Hampshire Historical Collections, iii. 1; New England Historical and Genealogical Register, ii. 372.)

345 Ens. Stephen Ames was born in Boxford, Massachusetts, September 5, 1712, son of John and Priscilla (Kimball) Eames, or Ames, of Boxford and Groton, Massachusetts. In 1739 he moved from Groton to that part of West Dunstable which was incorporated as Hollis, New Hampshire; and represented Hollis in the New Hampshire Legislature, 1775–1778, and was one of the town’s Committee of Safety during the Revolution. He was an Ensign of Militia.

346 Col. Nicholas Gilman, son of Daniel and Mary (Lord) Gilman, was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, October 21, 1731, and died there April 7, 1783. He was a Colonel of Militia, Treasurer of New Hampshire, 1775–1782, and of the Committee of Safety in the period of the Revolution. (Gilman’s Gilman Family, pp. 73, 74.)

347 Hon. John Dudley, who was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, April 9, 1725, son of James and Mercy (Folsom) Dudley, was a member of the New Hampshire Legislature, 1775–1784, and served several terms as Speaker of the House. He was also a member of the Committee of Safety during that time. From 1776 to 1784 he was a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas; and from 1784 to 1797 a Judge of the Superior Court. He died at Raymond, New Hampshire, May 21, 1805. (Bell’s Bench and Bar of New Hampshire, pp. 38–41.)

348 Hon. Ebenezer Thompson, son of Robert and Abigail (Emerson) Thompson, was born in Durham, New Hampshire, March 5, 1737, and died there August 14, 1802. He studied medicine, and practised as a physician until he entered politics as a member of the New Hampshire Legislature. He was Secretary of New Hampshire, 1775–1786; a member of the Committee of Safety throughout the Revolution; Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, 1783–1787; Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, 1787–1795; and Judge of the Superior Court, 1795 until his death. (Bell’s Bench and Bar of New Hampshire, pp. 48–50.)

The documents in the text are taken from the New Hampshire State Papers, xvii. 286–288. Cf. ibid. viii. 807.

349 5 Massachusetts Historical Collections, viii. 421.

350 6 Ibid. i. 32.

351 1 Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, xix. 104–106.

352 Boston Common in Colonial and Provincial Days, p. 40.

353 2 Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, i. 249.

354 See Publications of this Society, vi. 124.

355 Concerning William Pelham, see New England Historical and Genealogical Register, xxvi. 400, 401; Heraldic Journal, iv. 178–182.

356 See Foote, Annals of King’s Chapel, ii. 431–434. Cf. Allen’s Reports, ix. 422–147; Massachusetts Reports, ix. 500–507.

357 The principal authorities relied upon are Foote’s Annals of King’s Chapel; Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports; Suffolk Deeds; Suffolk Probate Files; Deblois’s The William Price Fund, Trinity Church, Boston; the works of William Loring Andrews. Thanks are due Mr. Robert H. Kelby of the New York Historical Society, Mr. Irwin C. Cromack of Boston, and Mr. Frederick L. Gay of Brookline, for their kind assistance.

358 See the December meeting, below, pp. 409–452.

359 Magnalia (1702), book iii. part i. chap, iv, § 4. Mather seems largely to have followed Fuller.

360 As Mather, following Fuller, says: “The design was generally approved, and multitudes of discreet and devout Men extreamly resented the Ruine of it.” And this resentment undoubtedly helped the Puritan interest and injured their opponents.

361 Historical Collections (1680), ii. 7 ff.

362 Just as it was here in New England.

363 Constitutional History of England (1874), i. 224–229.

364 Cutts, Dictionary of the Church of England, p. 338.

365 For example, in the fourth year of her reign she compelled the Bishop of London to give her eleven manors in exchange for a miscellaneous lot of these impropriated benefices (Kennett, Impropriations, pp. 155, 156). See also Statutes of the Realm, iv. 381, 382; Acts of the Privy Council, December 24, 1558. The Calendars of State Papers, Domestic, 1559–1560, show how these things were done.

366 The history of the Irish lay impropriations is important and throws light on the actions and motives of those engaged in the controversy over the English feoffment.

367 Kennett, Impropriations, pp. 169, 170.

368 The amiable but not very accurate Fuller says that there were at this time 3845 benefices either appropriated to bishops, cathedrals and colleges, or impropriated (as lay-fees) to private persons, but does not distinguish further. The distinction he makes between appropriation and impropriation was then in use, but the use was merely fanciful.

369 The following, under date of January 27, 1630–31, may have some direct relation to Heylyn’s sermon:

It does not appear whether the petition was for or agains the feoffment. The fa’ her of the petitioner was accounted strongly Puritan.

370 Bishop Laud had been at least suspicious of the feoffees for more than a year, for among many things in “considerations for the better settling of church government” suggested to the King in the spring of 1629, Laud had set down “A consideration also to be had, 1. As to the general Feoffees for Benefices and Preferments.”

371 “Rent or revenue derived from house-property (which is continually undergoing deterioration or waste).” This passage from Fuller’s Church History (book xi. p. 137) is the latest noted in the Oxford Dictionary.

372 History of the Puritans (1817), ii. 247, 248.

373 A somewhat blindly calendared paper may indicate that the feoffees held impropriations in Dunstable, Hertford, and Cirencester. See Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1633–1634, p. 344.

374 “At the south west angle of St Sythe’s lane, in Budge-row is [was] situated the church of St Anthony vulgarly termed St Antholin, or Antlin” (Noorthouck, History of London, 1773, p. 600). Fuller says they were charged with misuse of funds,—

Their answer to this will be found in the same place. In Thornbury and Walford’s Old and New London (i. 553, 554) is this account of St. Antholin’s:

The funds of the Welsh parish were an additional endowment, but as I suppose for additional lecturers.

Mar. 17, 1629. Orders for disposing of certain money given towards the maintenance of six morning lectures in the church of St Antholin, London, indorsed in Bishop Lauds hand. St Antholin’s the lecture 701 per annum; and by the present instrument monies were vested in trustees to pay to each of the lecturers an additional 301 per annum (Calendar of State Papers, Domestic).

375 “The Exchequer Chamber, court of Equity in which the Lord Treasurer and the Chancellor of the Exchequer sat as judges by the side of the barons” (Gardiner, History of England, vii. 258).

376 The Rev. William Gouge, D.D. (1578–1653), a popular and fashionable preacher for many years at Blackfriars. Mr. Gardiner says that his name and that of Richard Sibbes, “the first two names on the list of feoffees . . . offered sufficient guarantees that no destructive influences were at work” (History of England, vii. 259), and that “Gouge did his best to satisfy Laud. He received his admonitions on account of some irregularities in the administration of the Communion with meekness. He detested he declared those who despised authorities.” Gardiner speaks of him as a moderate Puritan. He was at any rate a very thorough Puritan, as might be judged from his having been recommended to the noted Puritan, Stephen Edgerton, by no less a person than Arthur Hildersham. Furthermore, he was one of the leading members of the Westminster Assembly, in which he was a member of the committee for examination of ministers, on the committee for drafting a confession of faith, and assessor and finally a prolocutor. See the sketch of Gouge in the Dictionary of National Biography.

377 The Rev. Richard Sibbes (Sibs, Sibbs), D.D. (1577–1635). Of him Gardiner says:

He was chosen preacher to Grays Inn in 1617, and in 1626 Master of St. Catharine’s Hall, offices which he held together. He and Gouge were reprimanded by the Star Chamber for their circular asking alms for the Palatinate exiles. After the feoffment was broken up King Charles presented him to the Vicarage of Trinity. There is no doubt, however, of his Puritanism, for which the High Commission had in 1615 deprived him of his professorship and lectureship.

378 The Rev. Charles (not Giles) Ofspring or Offspringe (it is spelled both ways in his parish register), “s. Thomas of Kent, B. A. from Trinity Coll., Cambridge, 1605–6, M. A. 1609, incorporated 14 July, 1612, rector of St. Antholin, London, 1617” (Foster, Alumni Oxonienses). At St. Antholin’s the baptisms of children Martha, Charles, Charles, Samuel, and Mary are recorded from October, 1625, to October, 1634. His wife Martha was buried August 22, 1649. He was buried March 13, 1659. None of these children survived him. The second Charles died in his twenty-fourth year, and Samuel lived to be twenty-five. St. Antholin parish was a great centre of Puritanism — there is no doubt about the thoroughness of the Rector’s Puritanism. Neal calls him “Dr.”

379 Sir Thomas Crewe (1565–1634). He entered Parliament in 1603, was chosen Speaker in 1623 and again in the first Parliament of Charles I, and in 1633 was a member of the Ecclesiastical Commission.

380 Robert Eyrs. Fuller calls him Ralph Eyre of Lincoln’s Inn.

381 John White (1590–1645), of an old Pembrokeshire family. This is the John White so well and favorably known to us for his part in the management of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Charter and settlement. No one could call him a moderate Puritan. “With reference to Episcopacy White advocated a ‘root and branch policy of extirpation.’” “His hostility to the episcopal system was extreme,” and so, we may add, was his hostility to the Episcopal clergy. See the account of him in the Dictionary of National Biography, which is much better done than some other of the lives of the Puritans in that work.

382 Samuel Browne, of Lincoln’s Inn, October, 1616, was member of Parliament for Clifton, Dartmouth and Hardness, Devonshire; was one of the committee to which the impeachment of Laud was intrusted, and followed him to the death. He seems to have been an Independent and to have fought against the Presbyterian party. He died in 1668. See the sketch of him in the Dictionary of National Biography, where nothing is said of his connection with the feoffment.

Fuller says that besides the feoffees, “there were other inferior Factors, Mr. Foxley, &c. who were employed by appointment, or of officiousness employed themselves in this designe” (Church History, book xi. p. 137).

383 The Rev. Richard Stock (1569–1626) was a Yorkshireman of St. John’s College, Cambridge, “incorporated A. M. Oxford 1595,” after holding various ecclesiastical positions, in 1611 succeeded to the parish of All Hallows, Bread Street, London, where he had been curate. “He was active in promoting the observance of the Lord’s day.” It was doubtless to him that John Davenport succeeded in the feoffment.

384 The charge that the feoffment was a scheme for private gain does not appear in the trial and was doubtless false, although it must be evident that the integrity and prudence of the feoffees alone constrained them to abstain from such gainful breach of trust to which under the temptation of increased funds less worthy successors might have yielded. Mr. Davenport said that he had made nothing, but was the poorer from his connection with the feoffment.

385 One of the advowsons was that of All Saints Church, Worcester, as appears by the following order of August 27, 1633:

386 Historical Collections, ii. 150–152, under the year 1632. Under date of January 17, 1633–34, occurs the following:

387 The letter to Nicholson dated 16 November, 1797, was printed in the Historical Magazine for August, 1870, Second Series, viii. 112, 118. In connection with the letters printed in the text, see W. G. Sumner’s The Financier of the American Revolution, ii. 279–292.

388 Publications, viii. 90–104.

389 Journals of the House of Lords, ix. 250. The writer of the letter was Edward Montagu, second Baron Montagu of Boughton. For much information in regard to the seizure of the King, see C. H. Firth’s Clarke Papers (Camden Society), vol. i. pp. xxvi–xxxii, 118–120.

390 A True Impartiall Narration, concerning the Armies preservation of the King; by which it doth appear, that the Army doth intend the good, life, propertie, and libertie of all the Commons of England. It is reprinted in Rushworth’s Historical Collections (1701), vi. 513–517.

391 Compleat History of the Life and Raigne of King Charles, p. 1138.

392 Memorials of the English Affairs (1682), p. 370.

393 Monarchy or no Monarchy in England, pp. 50, 51. The title and collation of this pamphlet follow:

The running headline of pp. 1–73 is, “Monarchy, or, no Monarchy hereafter in England;” that of pp. 74–119 is, “Observations on the Life and Death of King Charles.” These Observations end on p. 119, and the next page (unnumbered) contains these remarks:

Then come twenty pages (not sixteen, as Lilly says), the first page blank, each succeeding page containing one or more illustrations. It was later claimed by Lilly that two of these portrayed the plague and the fire of London. There is a copy of this pamphlet in the Boston Athenæum.

It will be observed that the passage relating to the King’s executioner is found in the “Monarchy or no Monarchy” part, and not in the “Observations.” See also p. 288 note 3, below.

394 This pamphlet bears the imprint: “London, Printed for Dan. White, at the seven Stars in St Pauls Church-yard, 1660.” There is a copy in the Harvard College Library. The collation is as follows: Title, 1 leaf; To the Reader, 1 leaf; Text, pp. 1–7.

395 John Thurloe (1616–1668).

396 Journals of the House of Commons, viii. 53.

397 William Prynne (1600–1669).

398 Journals of the House of Commons, viii. 56.

399 Arthur Annesley, first Earl of Anglesey.

400 Journals of the House of Commons, viii. 57.

401 Historical Register and Chronicle of English Affairs (1744), p. 736.

402 Sir Richard Weston (1620–1681).

403 Anthony Pearson (1628–1670).

404 Henry Ireton (1611–1651).

405 John Rushworth (1612–1690).

406 James Norfolk.

407 The regicides Thomas Harrison, Thomas Scott (or Scot), Gregory Clement, Hugh Peters, Francis Hacker, Adrian Scrope (or Scroope), John Cook.

408 Sir Orlando Bridgeman (1606–1674).

409 Mr. William Lilly’s History of His Life and Times, From the Year 1602, to 1681. Written by himself in the 66th Year of his Age, to his worthy Friend Elias Ashmole, Esq; . . . The Second Edition. London: . . . 1715, pp. 88–91. In the year 1715 was also printed a book bearing in part the following title:

The running headline of pp. 1–105 is, “Observations on the Life and Death of King Charles;” that of pp. 106–108 is, “Observations on the Death of Archbishop Laud.” In his sketch of Lilly in the Dictionary of National Biography, Mr. Sidney Lee says that Lilly’s True History of King James the First and King Charles the First was printed in 1651 as an appendix to his Monarchy or no Monarcy in England. This is a slight error. As we have already seen (p. 283 note, above), the second part of Monarchy or no Monarchy in England was given a different title. Moreover, there are certain differences between the Observations of 1651 and the True History of 1715, of which it is necessary to mention only one here. The passage quoted in our text (p. 283, above) as taken from p. 51 of the Monarchy or no Monarchy in England — beginning “After the execution,” and ending “one of a competent fortune” — does not occur at all in the Observations of 1651, but is transferred to pp. 75, 76 of the True History.

410 It was also reprinted in 1822.

411 Part vi. p. 29. In the same book, January 4 is assigned to “George Joyce, a most audacious Fanatick Rebel Saint;” but in the sketch of Joyce (part i. pp. 13–17) no mention is made of the Lilly story.

412 Capt.William Hulet or Hewlet.

413 See p. 291 note 1, below.

414 Arthur Capel, first Baron Capel of Hadham, beheaded in 1649.

415 Life of Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of the Common-Wealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Third Edition with Additions, pp. Ill, 112. The first edition of Kimber’s book, published in 1724, did not contain the passage in the text; the second edition, published in 1725, I have not seen. Five or six editions appear to have been printed.

416 See Notes and Queries, May 8, 1869, Fourth Series, iii. 422.

417 Lilly and the Joyce tradition were again referred to in the Gentleman’s Magazine for July, 1784, liv. 505.

418 Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1650, pp. 206, 293.

419 See Mr. Charles H. Firth’s sketch of Joyce in the Dictionary of National Biography, and Temple’s Works (1740), ii. 229, 231–234.

420 The Duty and Character of a National Soldier, Represented in a Sermon Preached, January 2, 1779, At the High Church in Hull, before the Nottinghamshire Militia, pp. 28, 29. In the copy in the library of the Massachusetts Historical Society, the word “Joyce” is run through with a pen and “*Hacker or Axtel” written in the margin. The regicides Col. Francis Hacker and Col. Daniel Axtel are meant. By a curious coincidence, my attention was called to this passage by Mr. Julius H. Tuttle, to whose kindness I am indebted, only three days after I had received Mr. Lamberton’s letter.

421 In a letter dated at Venice, March 11, 1649, Joseph Kent wrote:

Sir Henry Ellis thought that Kent’s allusions were to Col. Joyce and Hugh Peters, but he overlooked the fact that Kent could not have spoken of Joyce as “Colonel” in 1649. Moreover, according to Anthony a Wood, Cornet Joyce was not a brazier but “had been a godly taylor in London” (Fasti Oxonienses, Bliss’s edition, ii. 141). Probably Kent meant Col. Francis Hacker and Peters.

Though Brandon’s name was Richard, he was commonly called “Gregory,” because he succeeded in the office his father, Gregory Brandon. For Richard Brandon, see Sidney Lee’s sketch in the Dictionary of National Biography; W. D. Fellowes, Historical Sketches of Charles the First, Cromwell, Charles the Second, and the Principal Personages of that Period, 1828, pp. 202–204; Gentleman’s Magazine, June, 1784, liv. 409, 410; H. Ellis, Original Letters, Second Series, iii. 340–343 notes; T. B. Howell, State Trials, 1816, iv. 1141, 1142, v. 1155, 1156, 1185–1194; Notes and Queries, June 8, 1861, Second Series, xi. 446.

422 Bridget Lisle, the daughter of the regicide John Lisle, married (1) the Rev. Leonard Hoar, President of Harvard College, and (2) Hezekiah Usher.

423 Publications, viii. 340 note, 341, 342.

424 Boston Gazette, January 7, 1766, p. 3/2. The allusions are of course to George Grenville and Charles Townshend. As to the alleged proclamation, I have not been able to obtain any information.

425 In April, 1769, Governor Bernard became “Sir Francis Bernard of Nettleham in the County of Lincolnshire, Baronet.”

426 Specimens of Newspaper Literature, i. 186–192.

427 See the December meeting, p. 422, below.

428 A brief passage is worth quoting:

429 No place is given on the title-page, but the British Museum Catalogue assigns it, I think correctly, to London. The statement that the pamphlet was reprinted in Boston in 1772 is made on the authority of Sabin.

430 This long tract is not, as one might infer from the brief title given in our text, political, but is religious or theological. The title is in part as follows:

The conclusion “To the King’s Most Excellent Majesty” is as follows:

The Boston Athenæum owns two copies of this tract, one bearing on the flyleaf the words “By J. Allen.” No doubt this was the Rev. John Allen who at one time was pastor of a Baptist Church in Petticoat Lane, Spitalsfields, London, who later went to New York, and of whom there is an account in the Dictionary of National Biography. His pseudonym of “Junius, Junior” was no doubt suggested by the famous Letters of Junius, the first of which was dated January 21, 1769; but possibly was derived from “Junius,” the Latinized form of the Dutch savant, Adriaen du Jon (1512–1575), or of the distinguished French Protestant theologian François du Jon (1545–1602), or of the latter’s son François du Jon (1589–1677). One of these is mentioned on p. 62 of the tract.

431 Not the least interesting feature of Mr. Lamberton’s suggestion is the fact that he himself is unable to account for it. In a second letter he writes me:

It is in such unexpected and unexplainable ways that difficult problems are often solved.

432 See Frothingham, History of Charlestown, pp. 47 et seq.

433 Winthrop, History of New England (1825), i. 83.

434 Snow, History of Boston, p. 32. Felt in his Ecclesiastical History of New England agrees with Snow.

435 2 Massachusetts Historical Collections, v. 185. The congregation of Boston and Charlestown kept a fast on August 27.

436 Hutchinson’s History of Massachusetts (1764), i. 16; 2 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vii. 189.

437 1 Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, xvii. 128.

438 For most of the above see Frothingham’s History of Charlestown, p. 47 et seq.

439 See the “Gleaner” Articles, in Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, v; Shurtleff, Topographical and Historical Description of Boston, p. 392; W. W. Wheildon, Sentry, or Beacon Hill (1877), p. 19.

440 Cotton Mather, Magnalia (1702), book iii. p. 7.

441 2 Massachusetts Historical Collections, v. 113.

442 Mr. Wheildon wrote that this was still in use in 1877 (Sentry, or Beacon Hill, pp. 19, 84).

443 See Publications of this Society, x. 257 note 2.

444 See Hill. History of the Old South Church, i. 136–138 notes.

445 See Publications of this Society, iii. 86–90.

446 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, ii. 38.

447 Suffolk Deeds, iii. 121, 128, 476.

448 See C. F. Adams’s Antinomianism in Massachusetts, p. 336; Survey of the Spiritual Antichrist opening the Secrets of Familism and Antinomianism by Samuel Rutherford, Professor of Divinity at St. Andrews, Scotland, Sold at the Green Dragon in St. Paul’s Churchyard, 1648, p. 176, chap, xxi.: Of the first sewers of Antinomianism in New England. It starts off thus, “Mrs Hutchinson, the American Jezebel.”

449 Adams’s Antinomianism in Massachusetts, p. 336; Publications of this Society, x. 26.

450 Lechford, Note-Book, p. 31; Suffolk Deeds, ii. 11, iii. 254, iv. 106, 116, vi. 340, x. 295, xi. 73. A portion was opposite the Globe Building (Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xi. 119). See also an article by M. J. Canavan in the Boston Herald, June 4, 1901.

451 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, vol. ii. part ii. p. 102.

452 Letters from New England, p. 85.

453 He settled in Dublin in 1658 (Calendar of State Papers, Colonial, pp. 367, 466).

454 See notes in Lechford’s Note-Book.

455 4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, ii. 57.

456 See Suffolk Deeds, viii. 360.

457 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, vol. ii. part ii. p. 102; 3 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vii. 48.

458 Suffolk Deeds, i. 193.

459 Drake, History of Boston, p. 229. List of those who gave up arms.

460 Winthrop, History of New England, i. 212.

461 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, vol. ii. part ii. p. 75.

462 Lechford, Note-Book, p. 102.

463 See Savage’s Genealogical Dictionary of New England.

464 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, ii. 1.

465 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, xviii. 68.

466 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, ii. 141; Suffolk Deeds, viii. 322, ix. 120.

467 Memorial History of Boston, i. 174.

468 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, ii. 38; Suffolk Deeds, i. 100.

469 Suffolk Deeds, ii. 200, 202, 315.

470 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, ii. 101.

471 See Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, vol. ii. part ii. p. 100.

472 See E. Rogers, Life and Opinions of a Fifth Monarchy Man (1867); Masson’s Milton; Thurloe’s State Papers; Pepys’s Diary.

473 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. iv. part i. p. 33.

474 Suffolk Deeds, ii. 177, 200, 202, 315.

475 Ibid. iii. 26.

476 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xx. 106, 142.

477 Shurtleff, Topographical and Historical Description of Boston, p. 395.

478 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, vii. 20.

479 Ibid. vii. 66.

480 Francis Higginson in his New Englands Plantation.

481 Winthrop, History of New England; Memorial History of Boston, i. 741; Savage, Genealogical Dictionary.

482 Besse, Sufferings of the Quakers (1753), ii. 267.

483 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, ii. 83.

484 Suffolk Deeds, viii. 387, v. 35.

485 Suffolk Deeds, vi. 20.

486 Ibid. iv. 256.

487 Massachusetts Colony Records, vol. iv. part i. p. 99 (June 1, 1652).

488 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, ii. 108.

489 The original agreement is in the Boston Public Library.

490 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, vii. 38, 44.

491 Ibid. vii. 92.

492 Supposed to have been set by Peter Lorphelin, a Frenchman, who worked at the Castle Tavern. He was tried for arson and found guilty of having coiner’s tools in his possession.

493 New England Historical and Genealogical Register, xxx. 432.

494 4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, viii. 383.

495 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, vii. 172.

496 Suffolk Deeds, i. 165, ii. 258, v. 104, vi. 9, viii. 417, ix. 442.

497 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, vii. 172.

498 See Publications of this Society, i. 199–201.

499 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xi. 197.

500 5 Massachusetts Historical Collections, v. 358.

501 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, viii. 26.

502 Ibid. xxv. 134.

503 4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vi. 155.

504 Suffolk Deeds, iii. 144; ibid. iii. 26, showing that in 1655 Blackleech was living in Mr. Hudson’s house south of the Town House.

505 See Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, ii. 115; Publications of this Society, viii. 118.

506 Suffolk Deeds, i. 135.

507 See plan of this estate in Mr. Edes’s Memoir of Dr. Thomas Young, pp. 2–54, above.

508 Savage, Genealogical Dictionary, ii. 554.

509 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, ii. 94.

510 Suffolk Deeds, i. 102.

511 In the Dictionary of National Biography, under Thomas Rainborow, is a reference to his brother William. Thomas (died 1648) was the more celebrated of the two brothers. See also Firth, Life of Thomas Harrison, p. 8.

512 4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, vii. 280.

513 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, vol. ii. part ii. p. 24.

514 Some say she was not a sister of Bellingham, but Winthrop, under date of 1639 (History of New England, i. 320), says that Hibbins was Bellingham’s brother-in-law. In 1641 Bellingham married for his second wife, Penelope Pelham.

515 2 Massachusetts Historical Collections, v. 610.

516 See Publications of this Society, x. 20, 21.

517 Snow’s History of Boston, pp. 140, 141.

518 2 Massachusetts Historical Collections, v. 574.

519 Suffolk Deeds, ii. 281.

520 Ibid. vii. 228.

521 See Josselyn’s Two Voyages to New England (1865), p. 25.

522 Winthrop, History of New England, ii. 263, 274; 2 Massachusetts Historical Collections, v. 527; 4 ibid. vi. 179.

523 See 4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, iii. 441, vi. 179.

524 Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, 1574–1660, pp. 326, 327; Aspinwall’s Notarial Records, passim.

525 2 Massachusetts Historical Collections, v. 527.

526 3 Ibid. x. 19.

527 5 Ibid. viii. 214.

528 3 Ibid. x. 1.

529 Suffolk Deeds, iii. 487, xi. 226.

530 Ibid. iii. 257.

531 See Calendar of State Papers, America and West Indies, 1661–1668, p. 54; Sibley, Harvard Graduates, i. 577.

532 Dictionary of National Biography, John Crowne.

533 5 Massachusetts Historical Collections, viii. 382.

534 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, ii. 159.

535 Besse’s Sufferings of the Quakers, ii. 271. See also Mr. Noble’s paper on William Leddra, Publications of this Society, x. 335–345.

536 Besse’s Sufferings of the Quakers, ii. 218.

537 Suffolk Deeds, vi. 31, 126.

538 Besse’s Sufferings of the Quakers, ii. 271.

539 Ibid. ii. 270.

540 Suffolk Deeds, vii. 294

541 Ibid. vii. 301.

542 Ibid. viii. 288.

543 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, vii. 88.

544 Ibid. xi. 26.

545 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xi. 182.

546 Ibid. xi. 181.

547 Ibid. xi. 209.

548 Suffolk Deeds, iii. 118.

549 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xi. 181.

550 Suffolk Deeds, xxxvii. 20.

551 Ibid, xxxvii. 204.

552 Ibid, xxxix. 203.

553 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xiii. 88.

554 Ibid. xxv. 326.

555 Ibid, xxiii. 192.

556 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xxxiii. 232.

557 See Shurtleff, Topographical and Historical Description of Boston, pp. 390 et seq.

558 Wheildon, Sentry, or Beacon Hill, pp. 85, 86.

559 Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, iii. 57–63.

560 History of Boston, p. 33.

561 When it became known that the invested funds of the Society lacked only three hundred dollars of fifty thousand dollars, three members generously gave one hundred dollars each.

562 Publications, viii. 193–198.

563 4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, i. 16.

564 Hutchinson, Collection of Original Papers, p. 435.

565 History of Harvard University (1840), i. 29, 30.

566 Collection of Original Papers, p. 429.

567 Hutchinson gives the name as “Arth. Palmer” — doubtless an error in transcription for “Anth. Palmer,” as I can find no trace of an Arthur Palmer.

568 The allusion is to the second Harvard College, erected between 1672 and 1682, and burned in 1764.

569 In his Genealogical Dictionary of New England (iv. 8), Savage stated that Richard Saltonstall, the son of Sir Richard Saltonstall, was not in this country after 1664. In his paper alluded to in the text, Mr. Noble showed that Saltonstall was here in April and June, 1672, and that he had been here in May, 1671 (Publications, viii. 193 note 3). The present document proves that he was here in August, 1671.

570 The names in the first column are those of ministers, in the second column those of magistrates. The persons are too well known to need comment.

571 Massachusetts Archives, lviii. 72, 73.

572 As stated in the text, the letter is a copy. Hence we should expect certain discrepancies in the spelling of names. In the copy the name of “m^r Loather” occurs. I cannot find any trace of a dissenting minister of that name at the time, and I suppose that it was the copyist’s error for “Loder.” It is possible, too, that my identification of certain of the names is incorrect. Notices of all the dissenting ministers will be found in S. Palmer’s edition of Calamy’s Nonconformist’s Memorial, while sketches of all except Griffith and Loder are given in the Dictionary of National Biography.

573 Jahleel Brenton (1655–1732) was a son of Governor William Brenton of Rhode Island. The manuscript is obscure and may read “Taleel” Brenton.

574 For a notice of Sir Francis Wheler, see the Dictionary of National Biography.

575 The wife and daughter of Governor Shirley are commemorated by a beautiful monument in King’s Chapel, Boston, and in Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes’s poem, “King’s Chapel.” See Foote, Annals of King’s Chapel, ii. 131, 626. Mrs. Bollan was buried 18 February, 1744–45; and her daughter (Mrs. Western) was baptized on the ninth of March following (King’s Chapel Registers).

576 Atkinson subsequently married his cousin Frances Wentworth, who, a fortnight after his death, married her early lover, another cousin, Sir John Wentworth, afterward Governor of New Hampshire and of Nova Scotia. Her portrait by Copley is in the Lenox Library. See Wentworth Genealogy (1878), vol. i. pp. xxviii, xxix, 299, 318, 548, 549. An engraving of Copley’s canvas faces p. 548.

577 The Hon. Chambers Russell (H. C. 1731), Judge of the Admiralty and of the Superiour Court of Judicature. A son of the Hon. Daniel Russell, long a member of the Executive Council, he was born in Charlestown, 4 July, 1713, and died in Guilford, Surrey, England, 24 November, 1766. See Wyman, Genealogies and Estates of Charlestown, ii. 831, 832; Publications of this Society, viii. 159.

In this connection, it is interesting to note that Judge Russell was succeeded on the Bench of the Superiour Court by Edmund Trowbridge (Whitmore, Massachusetts Civil List, p. 70).

578 The Hon. James Russell of Charlestown, where he was born 5 August, 1715. He held many offices of trust and honor in the Province, including a seat in the Executive Council (1761–1773). He was also appointed, in 1774, one of the Mandamus Councillors, but refused to qualify. He was a Judge of the Inferiour Court of Common Pleas (1771–1774); and died in Charlestown 24 April, 1798 (Wyman, Genealogies and Estates of Charlestown, ii. 831, 832; Whitmore, Massachusetts Civil List, pp. 61–64, 88).

579 Bristol Deeds, lxvii. 312–314. The deed, dated 23 October, 1788, conveys this property to Rufus Whitmarsh, gentleman, and William Brown, merchant, both of Dighton, and Jedediah Briggs, gentleman, of Berkeley, all in the County of Bristol. With it is recorded Mrs. Western’s power of attorney to Francis Dana, dated in London, 14 March, 1787. It refers specifically to this and several other pieces of real estate belonging to her. Some of these parcels in the County of Bristol were subsequently. sold by Dana (1790–1795). See Bristol Deeds, lxix. 240, lxxiii. 377, 378. Cf. Publications of this Society, vii. 91 note, 92 note, For these facts I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Joshua Eddy Crane.

580 This demand was for money due Mrs. Western’s father, William Bollan, for services as agent of the Province in London. It was finally paid. See Acts and Resolves of Massachusetts, 1784–85, chap. 23 of Resolves, May Session,1785, p. 637; ibid. 1790–91, chap. 142 of Resolves, January Session, 1790, p. 233.

581 In a subsequent letter, dated 22 March, 1793, Dana writes: “Judge Trowbridge, who is in the 84th year of his age, I think can now live but a few days.” He died 2 April, 1793. For a sketch of Judge Trowbridge, see Publications of this Society, v. 74–77.

582 This letter is wholly in Chief-Justice Dana’s handwriting. It is one of a series of copies of numbered letters written by him to Mrs. Western, some of which are signed and some, including this one, are not. The Chief-Justice had charge of all Mrs. Western’s property and business affairs in this country, and was her duly appointed attorney.

583 See Publications of this Society, iii. 354 and note.

584 They are owned by the Essex Institute, Mr. Zachary T. Hollingsworth, and Mr. Frederick L. Gay. The view was reproduced and described in the Harvard Graduates’ Magazine for December, 1903, xii. 338, 339.

585 At Worcester. In 1801 Coleman established the New York Evening Post.

586 New Hampshire.

587 Joseph Atherton.

588 Richard Cutts Shannon.

589 Probably Timothy Paine.

590 William Plumer (1759–1850) was the son of Samuel and Mary (Dole) Plumer. Sketches of most of the persons mentioned in these letters will be found in Bell’s Bench and Bar of New Hampshire.

591 John Prentice.

592 Probably “An Act for the recovery of small debts in an expeditious way and manner,” enacted by the House, November 9, 1785.

593 At Epping.

594 In 1691 Samuel Allen (1636–1705), a London merchant, bought of the heirs of Capt. John Mason their title to lands in New Hampshire. Thus began a controversy which, upon the death of Governor Allen, was continued by his son, Thomas Allen. The death of the latter in 1715 “put an end to the suit, which his heirs, being minors, did not renew.” See Belknap, History of New Hampshire (1784), ii. 239, 288–328. See also New Hampshire Provincial Papers, iv. 43, x. 276.

595 See New Hampshire State Papers, xx. 614.

596 Of Portsmouth.

597 James Bowdoin.

598 For a sketch of Jonathan Moulton (1726–1787), the son of Jacob and Sarah Moulton, see J. Dow, History of Hampton, i. 278, 279, ii. 866, 870.

599 Probably Capt. William Horne. See Quint, Historical Memoranda, p. 320.

600 See New Hampshire State Papers, xx. 697.

601 The vote was 44 to 34.

602 The Rev. Joseph Buckminster.

603 Daniel Runnels.

604 Archibald McMurphy.

605 Ephraim Robinson, John Waldron, John Duncan, Jeremiah Stiles, and Moses Dow.

606 Lt. Jonathan Clough.

607 See p. 242 note 2, above.

608 See p. 241 note 2, above.

609 Thomas Cotton.

610 Maj. Jonathan Cass.

611 Samuel Morse.

612 John Prentice.

613 Nathaniel Peabody.

614 Samuel Livermore.

615 State Papers, New Hampshire, xx. 627.

616 In December, 1784. See New Hampshire State Papers, xx. 255.

617 Michael M^cClary. See ibid. xx. 254, 255.

618 Joseph Badger, Jr.

619 The following extract is from the Constitution of New Hampshire, drawn up in 1783:

620 Probably Capt. Samuel Cherry. See New Hampshire State Papers, xx. 812, 826.

621 John Prentice.

622 John Pinkerton.

623 While November 18 is the date given in the title, the heading on p. 3 reads: “A Judicious Observation of that Dreadful Comet which appeared on the 20th of November, 1680.”

624 Page 3.

625 Pages 7, 8.

626 Page 13.

627 1 Massachusetts Historical Collections, ii. 8.

628 Ministry on the Kennebec, 2 Maine Historical Collections, ix. 113–123.

629 See Morton’s New England’s Memorial (Davis’s edition, 1826), p. 475; 4 Massachusetts Historical Collections, v. 299–301. For this reference I am indebted to Mr. Frederick L. Gay.

630 Cf. Publications of this Society, viii. 200 note.

631 At the meeting in March last (p. 263, above), Mr. Matthews exhibited photographs of the Constitutional Courant and of several of the snake devices, but was unable to procure others in time to include the paper in the Transactions of that meeting.

632 Sparks says that the article quoted later in the text (pp. 415, 416, below) “was undoubtedly written by the editor” of the Pennsylvania Gazette — that is, by Franklin. McMaster asserts that “both the design and the cutting were the work of Franklin” (Benjamin Franklin, 1887, p. 162); but no proof of the statement is offered. It should not be forgotten that David Hall was Franklin’s partner in the publication of the Pennsylvania Gazette.

633 See pp. 419, 420, below.

634 See pp. 420, 421, below.

635 In a circular letter to the Governors of Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, the Lords of Trade wrote:

The reason why no commissioners were sent from Virginia to the Albany Congress is thus stated in a letter written (presumably January 29, 1754) by Governor Dinwiddie to the Governor of New York:

636 The alleged reason for the delay is sufficiently curious to be given. The following paragraph, copied from a New York paper of June 24, is taken from the Pennsylvania Gazette of June 27, 1754:

637 In the proceedings of the Congress (printed in New York Colonial Documents, vi. 853–892) there is little about the plan of union until the completion of the treaty with the Indians. In the Boston Gazette of July 18 appeared the following, dated New York, July 8:

The plan of union engrossed the attention of the Congress on July 9, 10, and 11.

The idea of a union of the colonies was “in the air” at that time, but a discussion of the subject does not come within the scope of this paper. An excellent account of the attempts at forming a union between 1690 and 1760 is given by Frothingham in his Rise of the Republic (pp. 101–157). See also Winsor’s Intercolonial Congresses and Plans of Union, in the Narrative and Critical History of America, v. 611–614. Archibald Kennedy’s Importance of Gaining and Preserving the Friendship of the Indians to the British Interest is sometimes assigned to 1752. The London edition was printed in that year, but the New York edition was published in 1751. At the end is printed a letter not signed, but dated “Philadelphia, March 20, 1750, 1.” This was first included in an edition of Franklin’s works by Bigelow in 1887, the editor’s attention having been called to the letter by Edward Eggleston. As early as 1852, however, Bancroft had stated his belief that the “voice from Philadelphia” was “in tones which I believe were Franklin’s” (History of the United States, iv. 91). This attribution was repeated in 1876 (ibid. iii. 59), but in 1883 (ibid. ii. 370) was withdrawn. In 1754 Kennedy wrote another pamphlet on the subject — Serious Considerations on the Present State of the Affairs of the Northern Colonies. The pamphlet was advertised in the Boston Evening-Post of August 19 (p. 2/1) and August 26 (p. 2/2) as “Just published at New-York, And sold by Thomas Fleet, at the Heart and Crown in Cornhill, Boston.” Yet internal evidence seems to indicate that it was written before the meeting of the Albany Congress. One sentence reads:

It is not uninteresting to inquire exactly when Franklin worked out his plan of union. The account given in his Autobiography, written not earlier than 1788, is as follows:

Franklin left Philadelphia June 3 (Pennsylvania Gazette, June 6, p. 2/2), reached New York June 5 (New-York Gazette, June 10, p. 2/3), embarked for Albany June 9 (ibid. June 10, p. 2/3), and arrived at Albany June 15 (Pennsylvania Gazette, June 27, p. 2/2). On June 8 Franklin wrote James Alexander as follows:

And on June 9 Alexander wrote to Colden:

Apparently, therefore, the plan was drawn up after Franklin reached New York, and not on his way thither from Philadelphia.

638 These include the following, which I think were the only papers published north of Maryland: Pennsylvania Gazette, Pennsylvania Journal, New-York Gazette, New-York Mercury, Boston Evening-Post, Boston Gazette, Boston News-Letter, Boston Post-Boy. The files I examined of the New-York Gazette, Boston News-Letter, and Boston Post-Boy, were incomplete.

639 See pp. 415, 416, below.

640 A notice similar, but not precisely the same, appeared in the Pennsylvania Journal, June 9, p. 2/3. The Pennsylvania commissioners were John Penn, the Rev. Richard Peters, Isaac Norris, and Benjamin Franklin.

641 It should be borne in mind that my purpose in limiting the examination of the newspapers to the months of May–August was to see what they contained before and during the meeting of the Congress. Later, when the plan of union adopted at the Congress came before the different Assemblies for discussion, there was doubtless much about it in the papers.

642 That the specific plan of union unanimously adopted at the Albany Congress was rejected alike in England and in this country does not militate against the view that a union was generally desired.

643 Ensign Edward Ward. See Dinwiddie Papers, i. 147.

644 Capt. William Trent. See ibid. i. 22.

645 Col. Joshua Fry. See ibid. i. 7.

646 In a letter dated February 14, Governor Dinwiddie describes “the cruel and barbarous Murder in cool Blood of a whole Family in this Dom’n, Man, Wife, and five children, no longer ago than last Month; and very lately a poor Man on the So. Branch of Potomack [was] robbed of his son.” He then goes on to draw a lurid picture of what happened:

647 It is believed that every newspaper published in the colonies at the time is enumerated in the text.

648 For this information I am indebted to Mr. George W. McCreary, assistant secretary and librarian of the Maryland Historical Society.

649 Capt. James McKay. See Dinwiddie Papers, i. 146.

650 Robert Dinwiddie.

651 Washington capitulated at Fort Necessity on July 3.

652 Capt. Thomas Clarke commanded an Independent Company from New York.

653 Dinwiddle’s letters are filled with denunciations of the other colonies for their dilatoriness in responding to his appeals for aid.

654 For this extract I am indebted to Miss Mabel L. Webber, librarian of the South Carolina Historical Society.

655 History of Printing in America, ii. 329.

656 It is usually described as a wood-cut, but McMaster speaks of it as “a cut in type-metal” (Benjamin Franklin, p. 162).

657 Works of Franklin, iii. 25.

658 Stephen Hopkins, i. 172 note.

659 Larger History of the United States of America, pp. 224, 225. The statement is repeated in Higginson and MacDonald’s History of the United States from 986 to 1905 (1905), p. 217.

660 Memorial History of the City of New-York, ii. 353.

661 Benjamin Franklin, p. 79.

662 Harpers’ Cyclopædia of United States History, i. 1431.

663 The frequency with which the Bradford device of 1774–1775 is made to do duty for the Franklin device of 1754, is doubtless explained by the fact that it is easier to copy the device given by Lossing in 1851 than it is to hunt up the original.

664 In form B, “publick.” The copy of form A printed in the text has been carefully collated with the Boston Athenæum copy of form B, and all variations are noted in footnotes.

665 Marvel’s address “To the Public” was printed by Thomas in his History of Printing in America (1810), ii. 504. It is the only portion of the Constitutional Courant that, so far as I am aware, has been reprinted. Andrew Marvel is supposed to be a pseudonym for William Goddard. See p. 441, below.

666 In form B there is no comma after “charters.”

667 In form B there is a comma after “privileges.”

668 In form B there is no comma after “kings.”

669 In form B there is no comma after “father.” As late as 1768 George III was alluded to as “our best Protector and common Father.” See Publications of this Society, viii. 281.

670 The letters within brackets refer to the forms A, B, and C, of which explanations are given on pp. 433–435, below; while the figures indicate the beginning of each column.

671 In form B, “publick.”

672 In form B there is no comma after “such.”

673 In form B, “publick.”

674 In form C, the text ends here, after which comes the imprint. A long letter on the Stamp Act dated December 19, 1765, occupied more than half of John Holt’s New-York Gazette Extraordinary of December 27. It was signed “Philolutherus.”

In the Boston Post-Boy of October 7, 1765, appeared the following:

To our associate Dr. Franklin B. Dexter I am indebted for the information that this piece is a mere didactic disquisition on liberty.

The Boston Gazette of October 28, 1765 (p. 3/1) printed a communication signed “Phileleutherus,” taken from the Rhode Island Mercury of October 14. In the Boston Evening-Post of February 21, 1774, there is a letter signed “Phileeutheros” (p. 1/3).

675 In form B this paragraph is set in smaller type.

676 In form B, “abbettors.”

677 In form B, “publick.”

678 In form B, “abbettors.”

679 In form B there is no comma after “constitution.”

680 In form B, “i. e.”

681 In form B there is no comma after “rank.”

682 In form B, “&”.

683 In form B, this paragraph is set in smaller type.

684 In form B, this paragraph is set in smaller type.

685 In form B the entire third column of the second page is set in smaller type.

686 In form B, “birth right.”

687 In form B, apparently “Stamp-Act.”

688 In form B, “Philopatriæ.” In form A, there is apparently a slight space between “Philo” and “Patriæ.”

689 In form B, there is no comma after “Ministry.”

690 In form B, “Publick.”

691 This copy, somewhat mutilated, is bound in a file of Holt’s New-York Gazette for 1765, between the issues of September 19 and 26.

692 Underneath the imprint in this copy is written in ink, “This is the Original, Published in New York.”

693 In the Harvard College Library, bound with its two copies of the Constitutional Courant, is a letter written January 9, 1897, by William Nelson to Justin Winsor. Mr. Nelson states that his information about the copy in the Public Record Office came from Benjamin F. Stevens, who wrote him that “there are four other copies of the Courant in different Offices in London, which he [Mr. Stevens] has been unable to examine so far.” There is a copy in the British Museum, presumably of form A or form B, but of which the Catalogue does not enable me to say with certainty. The information derived from Mr. Stevens caused Mr. Nelson to write: “This convinces me that that [form A] is a copy of the first edition, and I am inclined to think that the paper was printed by Parker, at Woodbridge, and not by Goddard at Burlington.”

694 This copy is bound in a file of the Boston Evening-Post for 1765, between the issues of September 16 and 23.

695 In this copy under the name of Andrew Marvel in the imprint, is written in ink, “pseudonym. Wm. Goddard;” and under Constitution Hill in the imprint is written in ink, “Burlington, N. J.”

696 Letter of Mr. Nelson to Mr. Winsor, January 9, 1897. Dr. Dexter has been kind enough to confirm the statement.

697 Underneath the imprint in this copy is written in ink, “This was republished in Philadelphia.”

698 In 1872 Frothingham wrote:

This is a mistake, as there is no mention of the Constitutional Courant in the Boston Post-Boy; and Frothingham, no doubt through inadvertence, wrote Boston Post-Boy when he meant Boston Evening-Post.

699 Colden Papers, ii. 38, 39.

700 Ibid. ii. 45.

701 I have not myself met with documents bearing such an imprint. For a notice of Peter Hasenclever, who came to this country in 1764, see New Jersey Archives, ix. 583 note.

702 History of Printing in America, ii. 322, 323. What the English “periodical works” were, to which Thomas alludes, I do not know.

703 Mr. Edmund M. Barton kindly informs me that Thomas used for his intended second edition a copy of the first; that the changes specified in our text as made in the 1874 edition occur in the margin in Thomas’s own handwriting; and that “the only date attached to the additions and corrections in the handwriting of our Founder is March, 1815, showing that he began his intended second edition early.”

704 Specimens of Newspaper Literature, i. 236 note, 246.

705 History of the City of New York, i. 722.

706 Pictorial Field-Book of the Revolution, i. 468, 469. The reference in the text is to p. 508 of Lossing’s book.

707 Ibid. i. 507.

708 Harpers’ Cyclopædia of United States History, ii. 1431, 1432. The statement is repeated in Harper’s Encyclopædia of United States History, 1902, ix. 153, 154.

709 History of New York City, i. 27.

710 Memorial History of the City of New-York, ii. 353.

711 Specimens of Newspaper Literature, i. 246.

712 See pp. 434 note 2, 438, above.

713 In the illustrations which accompany this paper, the Harvard College Library copy of the Constitutional Courant is No. VI, while the Boston Gazette device of 1754 is No. II.

714 Pictorial Field-Book of the Revolution, i. 508.

715 See Memorial History of the City of New-York, ii. 353; Gamer and Lodge’s History of the United States, i. 381.

716 See Publications of this Society, ix. 412. W. Cushing identifies Andrew Marvel with William Goddard in his Initials and Pseudonyms (1885, pp. 184, 439), as does also Evans in his American Bibliography (i. 7).

717 One of these, a broadside, is headed, “Philadelphia, June 10th, 1773. To my Fellow Citizens, Friends to Liberty, and Enemies to Despotism.” The title of the other, a small pamphlet of sixteen pages, is in part, “Andrew Marvell’s Second Address to the Inhabitants of Ppiladelphia [sic].” Both, which were due to a proposal to build a market or range of shambles, are attributed to Goddard by Evans (American Bibliography, iv. 57); and are noted, but without attribution, by Sabin (Dictionary of Books relating to America, xi. 253) and Hildeburn (Issues of the Press in Philadelphia, ii. 168).

718 History of Printing in America, ii. 272.

719 History of Printing in America, i. 428.

720 The articles of agreement are given by Goddard in his Partnership, p. 7 note.

721 Ibid. p. 5.

722 History of Printing in America, ii. 121. Thomas underrates the number of pages, as there are really 584. The collation of the volume is as follows: Title, 1 leaf; Contents, pp. ii–vi; Preface, pp. vii–x; The History of New-Jersey, pp. 1–573; Errata, (p. 574).

723 Check-list of the Issues of the Press of New Jersey (1899), p. 9.

724 Check-list of the Issues of the Press of New Jersey (1899), pp. 41, 42.

725 As late as June 27, Parker was still at Woodbridge, as appears from the following advertisement inserted in the Pennsylvania Gazette of that date (P. 3/2):

726 The imprint is: “Burlington, in New-Jersey: Printed and Sold by James Parker: Sold also by David Hall, in Philadelphia. m,dcc,lxv.”

727 A letter of inquiry addressed to the University Press brought such an interesting reply that I subjoin it:

728 See p. 433 note 3, above.

729 See pp. 433 note 2, 437, above.

730 See p. 437, above.

731 See p. 435 note 1. Hildebum assigns this edition, but without giving any reason, to Andrew Steuart (Issues of the Press in Pennsylvania, ii. 34), and is followed by Evans (American Bibliography, iv. 7). Thomas says:

Whether this statement is correct, there is apparently no means of knowing. In the Pennsylvania Gazette of July 11 (p. 3/2), July 18 (p. 1/1), and August 29 (p. 4/2), was printed this advertisement:

This advertisement apparently did not again appear in the year 1765 after August 29.

732 History of Printing in America, ii. 307. Thomas erroneously states that the change took place in January, 1775.

733 Ibid. ii. 252.

734 * Some fifty years hence, when the body fills up, an elephant supporting Great Britain on his back, will be a more proper emblem.

735 Boston Record Commissioners’ Reports, xviii. 221.

736 James Rivington.

737 The New England pronunciation was often a subject of ridicule. For an instance, see Publications of this Society, vii. 107.

738 The issue of August 29, 1776, is numbered 1756. The next issue, numbered 1757, appeared at Kingston (Esopus) on July 7, 1777. For this information I am indebted to the officials of the Lenox Library and of the Library of Congress.