Index
Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations. Texts with known authors will be found under the author’s name
“A Z” writing in Massachusetts Spy, 340
The Acts and Laws of His Majesty’s Province of the Massachusetts Bay (1759), 347, 348n2
Acts of Trade, 243, 256, 282, 287, 358, 379, 397
Adams, John
characterized by TH, 257
on commission of TH as governor-in-chief, 92
elected as representative, 52n2
Hillsborough critiqued by, 266n4
on independent salaries of governor and judges, 266n4
in May 1772 elections, 371
passage of acts, wording for, 38n3
retirement to Braintree for reasons of health, 187, 188n5
in trial of soldiers for Boston Massacre, 52
Adams, Samuel
on acquittal of soldiers in Boston Massacre, 1, 92, 110, 115n1
Boston Massacre commemorative oration as official town meeting, selectmen voting against, 340n3
Cambridge versus Boston, objections to meeting in, 4, 8, 224, 346, 349, 372, 380, 383
as “Candidus” in Boston Gazette, 266n4, 270, 271, 288n5
characterized by TH, 228–31, 257
a clerk of the House, 229n2
debt to town as tax collector, other patriots contributing to payment of, 346
J. Hancock, repaired relationship with, 372, 373n10
J. Hancock, rift with, 7, 9, 206, 262, 284, 287, 311, 313, 314, 319, 346, 371, 372
“impudent mandate,” order to rescind Circular Letter described as, 44n3
May (1772) elections and, 371, 372, 373nn9–10
mentioned by TH, 111, 151, 187
mentioned in connection with unhealthy dining at the Peacock, 273
on Parliament’s lack of authority over colonies, 5, 9
passage of acts, wording for, 1–2, 38n3
prorogation of General Court, TH suspecting his failure to publicize, 135n1
Province House and, 49
on royal takeover of Castle William, 47, 50n4
tax collector, inquiry into activities as, 7, 346
testimony of R. Silvester regarding Liberty riot, 50n10
TH attempting to exploit differences within patriot opposition and, 5, 206, 262, 284, 287, 311, 313, 314, 319, 340n1, 346, 371
vetoed as commissary by TH, 179n2
vetoed as truckmaster by TH, 183
Vindex, as pseudonym, 92, 94n4, 110, 115n1, 120n3
Admiralty. See Gambier, James; Montagu, John; Royal Navy; Sandwich, John Montagu, 4th Earl of; specific persons in or seeking admiralty offices
Alamance, Battle of (1771), 50n6, 207–8n1
Albany, New York, 374
Alexander, Sir William, 1st Earl of Stirling, 58
Allen, Mr. (died intestate), 103–4
Alon, John, 138n2
American Board of Customs Commissioners
absence from/return to Boston after Massacre, 70, 71n2, 79
clerk, TH seeking to have nephew S. Mather appointed as, 109, 159–60
Council and, 288
customs enforcement, reluctance regarding, 5, 235–43, 397
dismissal of Boston Massacre case against civilians of, 1, 63, 69, 88
Hallowell replacing Temple on, 16n4, 82, 89, 90n5
House’s denial of Parliamentary authority to appoint commissioners, 214–15, 217, 218n3, 265, 266n3, 289–90
letter from (26 Nov. 1771), on kidnapping of A. Savage, 281
official printer for, 112, 118, 159, 160n3, 199n1, 343, 349
proposal for assembly without party distinction, 90
removal of J. Taylor from, 8
taxation of salaries of, 4, 7, 216, 218n2, 218n4, 219, 220–21, 224–25, 261, 313, 314, 389, 397
J. Temple, awaiting departure of, 75
American Indians. See Native Americans
American Mutiny Act. See Mutiny Act
Amherst, Gen. Sir Jeffery, 28, 54, 109, 157
Andros, Edmund (governor of Dominion of New England), 58
Anglicans. See Church of England
Anne (queen of England), 70
anonymous letters sent to TH, 131, 196–97, 199n3
Antin, Mr., 16
Antinomian Crisis, 141n2
Apthorp, Charles Ward, letter to (18 June 1772), 388
Apthorp, John T. and Hannah Greenleaf, 262n7, 263, 273, 274n6, 334, 335, 361
Apthorp, William, 388
Ashfield, Baptist community in, 102, 103n7
Assembly, Massachusetts. See General Court
assembly of gentlemen and ladies without party distinction, 90, 106–7
attachment of lands and goods of persons not residing in Massachusetts, law on, 347
attorney general for Massachusetts. See also Sewall, Jonathan
plans to supplement salary of, 254
rumors of decision not to provide for, 336, 342
Auchmuty, Robert, 254
aunts, as representatives of parents in estate case, 157
Bagley, Col. Jonathan, 302, 304n2
Baptists, grievances of, 101–2, 272
bastard children
inheritance law regarding, 157
vilification, risk of, 278
Beckford, William, 118, 119n3, 186n1
Bedford, Duke of, illness of/taking of Tunbridge Waters by, 26
Belcher, Jonathan (governor of New Hampshire and New Jersey), 364
Bell, J. L., 294n2
bell-ringing, on anniversary of Boston Massacre, 4, 134n3
Berkeley, Norbonne, 4th Baron Botetourt, death of, 226n2
Bernard, Amelia, Lady (wife of F. Bernard)
F. Bernard looking for arrival of, 81
departure for England, 6, 16, 21n5, 38, 51n13, 53, 63, 70, 76, 77, 82
difficult ship voyage to England of, 118, 161
improved health of, 334
on stroke suffered by F. Bernard, 341
Bernard, Sir Francis (immediate former governor of Massachusetts)
ancestry letter of TH to J. Hely Hutchinson shared with, 329
Anglican Church in America and, 298–99
as architect, 78, 79n2, 145, 187
H. Barnes and, 236
on J. Bernard’s financial and business troubles, 208–9
Boston Massacre, account of soldiers’ trial in, 60–61
Castle William, repairs at, 247
Castle William, royal takeover of, 28, 101
“chit chat” letter of TH to, 371–72
Christ Church, Cambridge, pew rent dispute, 82–83, 84n1
coach, consulted by TH on purchase of, 117, 160, 198
collecting American correspondence from office of J. Pownall, 198, 199n7
correspondence with J. Bernard sent via TH, 178, 334, 340, 343
J. Cotton and, 254
Council, royal appointment of, 19, 21nn2–3, 100
Council members offended with, 257
Council on meeting without, 61, 62n5
C. Cushing and, 142
on Falklands dispute with Spain, 53, 81, 118
family of, TH’s assistance to, 6–7, 8, 30, 38, 61, 70, 76, 77, 162, 179n1, 208–9, 247, 249, 270
Commodore Gambier recommended to, 232
House members opposed to, 182
housing of troops, dilemma faced by, 177
instructions as governor-in-chief, TH’s reliance on, 60, 154, 183, 214
Ireland, considering post in, 310, 334, 345
Jeffries v. Donnell case and, 248–49
“Junius Americanus” letters critiquing, 50n2, 222n3
kidnapping of A. Savage and, 287–88
letters from
6 Nov. 1770, 19–21
10 Nov. 1770, 22–23
13 Nov. 1770, 28
15 Nov. 1770, 29–30
3 Dec. 1770, 53
22 Dec. 1770, 80–81
9 Feb. 1771, 118–19
11 Feb. 1771, 121–23
28 March 1771, 145
6 April 1771, 159–60
25 May 1771, 198
13 June 1771, 208–9
letters to
5 Nov. 1770, 16
6 Nov. 1770, 18–19
20 Nov. 1770, 38
late Nov. 1770, 44
30 Nov. 1770, 47–49
10 Dec. 1770, 60–61
16 Dec. 1770, 70–71
19 Dec. 1770, 76
22 Dec. 1770, 78
26 Dec. 1770, 82–84
8 Jan. 1771, 89–90
23 Jan. 1771, 100–102
30 Jan. 1771, 109
3 Feb. 1771, 112
7 Feb. 1771, 117
16 Feb. 1771, 126–27
ca. 25–28 Feb. 1771, 131
8 April 1771, 161–62
23 April 1771, 178–79
10 May 1771, 187–88
22 May 1771, 193
5 June 1771, 204
8 July 1771, 219
19 July 1771, 224–25
14 Aug. 1771, 232
27 Aug. 1771, 238
before 20–23 Sept. 1771, 246–49
2 Oct. 1771, 260
8 Oct. 1771, 262
16 Oct. 1771, 270
13 Nov. 1771, 278–79
3 Dec. 1771, 287–88
24 Dec. 1771, 298–99
13 Jan. 1772, 307
21 Jan. 1772, 310
29 Jan. 1772 - first letter, 314–15
29 Jan. 1772 - second letter, 316
30 Jan. 1772, 317
17 Feb. 1772, 329
14 March 1772, 334
16 March 1772, 336–37
23 March 1772, 340
30 March 1772, 341
31 March 1772, 343
20 May 1772, 371–72
27 June 1772, 397
on lieutenant-governorship, 83
May (1772) elections and, 371
mentioned by Hillsborough, 31
Nettleham, enclosure of town of, 81
newspapers forwarded to J. Pownall, 228
official printer for American customs board and, 118, 159, 343, 349
A. Oliver, Council proceedings on, 81
A. Oliver’s separate account of Boston Massacre and, 19–21, 27
plan to replace Sewall with Robinson at Halifax, 89, 90n3, 90n6, 159, 160n1, 244–47, 249, 317, 336–37, 338
portico design for TH’s house in Milton, 78, 145, 187
Preston, Capt., on acquittal of, 80
on publication of confidential correspondence, 21n7, 126–27
recall of, 323
reformation of government, efforts at, 2, 20, 22–23, 29, 30n3, 80–81, 83, 96, 100–102, 115, 121, 159, 160n2, 179
removal of Eastern Country from control of Massachusetts, suggestions/threat of, 287, 358
E. Richardson, pardon of, 334
separate grants for House and Council agents, TH vetoing, 238
W. Story and, 260–61
stroke suffered by, 8, 341, 345, 349, 350n1, 371, 391, 397
Superior Court justices and, 246
taking house at Kensington and remaining near Court, 224
tea smuggling problem and, 260
unrestricted settlement in Eastern Country, king’s timber affected by, 278–79, 314, 358
visited by WSH, 391
on voyage of wife and children to England, 118, 161
L. Willard’s short process for potash and, 270, 271n1
Bernard, Frank (son of F. Bernard)
mental instability and death of, 6–7, 18–19, 30n7
B. Pemberton, agreement with, 251n17
Bernard, John (son of F. Bernard)
correspondence with F. Bernard sent via TH, 178, 334, 340, 343
financial and business troubles of, 7, 30n7, 131, 162, 179n1, 187, 188n2, 208–9, 247, 249, 251n17, 308n1, 316, 371, 397
T. Goldthwait and, 193, 208, 316, 371, 397, 398n3
Naval Office appointment of, 20, 21n5, 193, 194n4, 368
registrar of court of vice-admirality for, F. Bernard seeking, 83, 84n5
relationship with daughter of Capt. Prince, TH reporting on, 270
remaining in Massachusetts after rest of family left for England, 78
return to Boston from Penobscot, 317
shipping investments of, 288, 316
stroke suffered by F. Bernard and, 341
TH to F. Bernard on failure to hear from, 307, 310
Bernard, Thomas (son of F. Bernard), 368, 369n4
bilious disorder, 260
Bill of Rights Society, 118, 119n3, 133
binding of TH’s history, 322–23
blackmailing of T. Whately by J. Temple, 8n11, 362n5
Bladen, Col. Martin, 296, 297n2
Blowers, Sampson Salter, 45n2
Bohea tea, 242
Bollan, William
beliefs of TH regarding Bollan’s opinion of agency, 86, 144, 167
character and temperament of, 71, 86
Council sending vindication of meeting without governor to, 61, 62n5
explanation of refusal of salary grant explained by TH, 90–91
Hillsborough, communication with, 167–70, 172n1
House of Commons, petition to, 169, 172n6
letter from (15 April 1771), 167–72
letter to (10 Jan. 1771), 90–91
letter to Council from, TH’s report to unknown person on, 312–13
patriot camp, move into, 2, 4, 167
on probable replacement of TH if he had not followed Hillsborough’s orders, 172
relationship with TH, 2, 4, 70–71, 86, 90–91, 167, 169
veto of salary grant to, as separate agent of Council, 2, 4, 35–36, 39, 40, 47, 70–71, 86–95, 122, 123n4, 144, 167–72, 183, 212, 239n4
bookbinding, 322–23
Boston. See also specific locations within Boston
H. Brown on rural versus town reactions to pronouncements of General Court, 46
General Court meeting in Cambridge versus, objections to, 1–2, 4, 5, 7–8, 46, 66n2, 83, 84n6, 88, 144, 159n7, 183, 199, 200, 202, 206, 210–13, 224, 267, 284–85, 338–39, 346, 347, 348n4, 349–50, 355, 358, 371, 372, 376, 377n3, 380–84, 389, 397
Halifax, regiments ordered to Boston from, 143, 148, 149, 165, 176, 177–84, 177n2, 187–88, 190
instructions of town of, for representatives, 372, 373, 373n12, 374n2
publishing of TH’s commission as governor in, 137
Royal Navy, rumors of removal as point of rendezvous for, 161, 162–63, 258
as source of troubles in Massachusetts, according to TH, 197
St. Augustine, fusiliers sent to Boston from, 165
tea consumption in, 242
tea interests of TH and, 243
Boston Chronicle, 315n3
Boston Evening Post, 92n3, 94n4, 120n3, 130, 131n5
Boston Gazette
Abingdon Resolves printed in, 135n2
on acquittal of soldiers in Boston Massacre, 1
S. Adams writing as “Candidus” in, 266n4, 270, 271, 288n5
Boston Massacre commemorative oration as official town meeting, “J.F.” on selectmen voting against, 340n1
Cambridge versus Boston, House objections to meeting of General Court in, 211n1
“An Elector in 1771” (J. Lovell), article by, 188n3
B. Franklin, article hinting at patriotic dissatisfaction with, 262, 268, 271–72
B. Franklin as agent and House, publication of correspondence between, 228n1
on independent salary of TH, 288n5
instructions of town of Boston for representatives published in, 373, 373n12, 374n2
“Johannes in Eremo” essay on Parliamentary authority, 179n3
letters of TH published in, 218n1, 261n1
May 1771 election results in, 204n1
Pownall letter on Boston Massacre trials printed in, 25n1
on printers’ crisis, 189n3
prorogation of General Court, TH’s suspicions regarding failure to publicize, 135n1
“Sidney” attacking TH directly in, 120n3
W. Tryon attacked in, 235n1
verdict against J. Robinson in assault upon J. Otis Jr. printed in, 228n4
Vindex (S. Adams) on Boston Massacre in, 92n2, 115n1, 120n3
Boston Harbor/port of Boston
Royal Navy’s possession of, 74, 85, 97, 113, 161, 162–63, 179
TH requesting list of fees for, 128
Boston Massacre
civilians accused of firing into crowd from Customs House, dismissal of case against, 1, 63, 69, 88
Council’s official account of, 21n6, 32n2
delay of trials in, 70, 74–75, 114, 124
depositions from witnesses to, 194n2
described by TH, 127n2
A Fair Account of the Late Unhappy Disturbance at Boston, 21n6, 21nn1–2, 92
governorship of TH and, 136
judges at trials of, 64
jury selection/behavior in trials associated with, 26, 27n3, 37, 40, 45, 52, 59, 60–61
manslaughter convictions of two soldiers in, 55, 56n3, 57, 59, 60–61, 62n3
nonimportation agreement, town resolutions supporting, 135n2
P. Oliver Sr. and trials in, 150
A. Oliver’s separate record of, 2, 19–21, 27–34, 67, 144n1
J. Pownall on, 156n2
Capt. Preston, acquittal of, 1, 17–18, 24, 37, 40, 41, 46, 63, 64, 74, 80, 113, 124, 139
printed account of soldiers’ trial, 55, 57, 59, 61, 106, 112–13, 114
public opinion regarding, 1, 17, 46, 57, 63, 64, 66, 70, 74–75, 85, 88, 110, 113, 114, 155–56
J. Robinson’s role in, suspicions regarding, 90n3
A Short Narrative of the Horrid Massacre (town’s account), 1, 17, 21n6, 32n2, 62n4, 66, 92, 194n2
soldiers, trial and favorable verdict on, 1, 8–9, 17–18, 25, 26, 37, 40, 41–42, 45, 52, 55–62, 74, 85, 87, 110, 113, 124, 139, 160n2, 191–92
Trial of William Wemms et al. (1770), 59n3, 93, 94n3
Boston Massacre, commemoration of, 4, 173–76
copy of oration sent to England, 173–76
as official town meeting, selectmen voting against, 340n3
oration of J. Lovell (first anniversary), 155–56, 156n1, 173–76
oration of J. Warren (second anniversary), 340n3
prayer of C. Chauncy (first anniversary), 155–56, 156n1
predictions of TH regarding threat posed by, 173–74
vote of town of Boston thanking Lovell for oration and printing text, 175, 176n1
Boston News-Letter, 130, 131n3
Boston Post-Boy and Advertiser. See Massachusetts Gazette and Boston Weekly News-Letter/Boston Post-Boy and Advertiser
Boston Society for Encouraging Trade and Commerce, 194n2
Boston town meeting
Boston Massacre commemorative oration as official town meeting, selectmen voting against, 340n3
escalation of challenges to imperial authority, 3
J. Hancock moving for inquiry into town finances, 7
low opinion of TH regarding members of, 373
property qualifications for membership in, 373
public attendance at, 175
A Short Narrative of the Horrid Massacre (town’s account of Boston Massacre), 1, 17, 21n6, 32n2, 62n4, 66
voters, regulation of, 197
Boston Weekly News-Letter. See Massachusetts Gazette and Boston Weekly News-Letter/Boston Post-Boy and Advertiser
Botetourt, Norbonne Berkeley, 4th Baron, death of, 226n2
Bourgat[t]e, Charles (servant convicted of perjury), 63, 69nn3–4, 125n2
Boutineau, James
as father-in-law of J. Robinson, 90n1, 274n3
plan to replace Sewall at Halifax with Robinson, and Robinson with Franklin, 89, 90n3, 90n6, 159, 160n1, 244–47, 249, 317, 336–37, 338, 359
Bowdoin, James
Cambridge, objections to meeting in, 349–50
Council, elevation to, 52n2
Court’s report on Boston Massacre drafted by, 32, 32n2
Franklin chosen as agent of House and, 24
as Kennebec Proprietor, 305n1
letter of introduction for G. Erving to B. Franklin from, 266n5
in May 1772 elections, 371–72, 373n8
mentioned by TH as “pliable” in letter to J. Gambier, 361, 362n3
motion to record correspondence with Council agent in separate book, 217
“Mucius Scaevola” letter and, 371–72, 373n8
report on complaints against new justice in Machias, 225n3
Short Narrative, role in drafting, 32n2, 62n4, 66
J. Temple (son-in-law) and, 8, 361, 362n5
Bowers, Jerathmiel, vetoed as councilor by TH, 199, 202, 203n2, 204–5, 371, 372n4, 372n6
Boylston’s Brig, 126, 128, 129, 131
Braintree, MA, 188n5
Brattle, William
as commissioner in New York border dispute, 353n3
on committee on settlement in Eastern Country and timber reserves, 42n1, 48, 50n7
government party, alliance with, 371, 372n3
report on complaints against new justice in Machias, 225n3
Breda, Treaty of (1667), 58
Brenton, Jahleel, 141
British troops. See also Boston Massacre; Castle William; Royal Navy
Abingdon Resolves on forcible resistance to, 135n2
Fort Pownall, size of garrison at, 218
Halifax, regiments ordered to Boston from, 143, 148, 149, 165, 176, 177–84, 177n2, 187–88, 190
housing of, 177, 178, 180, 190
recruitment of regiments in North America, 133, 154, 155n3, 188, 190
rumored reductions in, 307
St. Augustine, fusiliers sent to Boston from, 165, 187–88
St. Vincent, West Indies, ordered to suppress Carib rebellion in, 398n4
Bromfield, Mr., 44
Brookfield, MA, 147
Brown, Henry Young
in French and Indian War, 47n1
letter to TH from (28 Nov. 1770), 46
Brown, John, 380n1
Brown, Richard D., 294n2
Buckmaster, Colonel Joseph, 43, 44n5
Bull, William, II (lieutenant-governor of South Carolina), 93, 94n2
Burbeck, William, 101, 103n5, 149–50
Burch, William
Castle William, taking up residence in, 71n2
Dorchester, visited by TH in, 273, 274n1
former Boston house of, son of TH wishing to purchase, 388
J. Gambier and, 335, 361, 398–99
as godfather of J. Apthorp’s son, 274n6
letter from American Board of Customs Commissioners (26 Nov. 1771), on kidnapping of A. Savage, 281
new clerk for customs board, on need for, 109
printer for board of customs and, 343
Burnet, William (former governor of Massachusetts), refusal to General Court to grant fixed salary to, 216, 218n5
Bute, John Stuart, 3rd Earl of, 110n3
Calef, Capt., 44, 161, 163, 265, 341
Cambridge
Christ Church, pew rent dispute, 82–83, 84n1
objections to General Court meeting in, 1–2, 4, 5, 7–8, 46, 66n2, 83, 84n6, 88, 144, 159n7, 183, 199, 200, 202, 206, 210–13, 224, 267, 284–85, 338–39, 346, 347, 348n4, 349–50, 355, 358, 371, 372, 376, 377n3, 380–84, 389, 397
publishing of TH’s commission as governor in, 137
Cambridge University, England, 366
Campbell, Lady William, 273–74
Campbell, Lord William (son of 4th Duke of Argyll and governor of South Carolina), 273–74, 332, 333n5
Campbell, William (in Savage kidnapping), 300
“Candidus,” S. Adams writing as, 266n4, 270, 271, 288n5
Caner, Henry, 50n11
Cape Fear Mercury, 207–8
Carib rebellion in St. Vincent, West Indies, Dalrymple’s regiment ordered to suppress, 398n4
Carleton, Guy, 1st Baron Dorchester, 109, 110n3
Caroline Matilda (queen consort of Denmark), 344n2, 345
Casco Bay, 243, 287, 348. See also Falmouth
Castle William
Frank Bernard confined to, for mental instability, 6–7, 19n2
commissioners residing in, after Boston Massacre, 71n2
condition of fortifications and stores, 2, 40, 62, 68, 79–80, 95, 112, 148, 150, 152, 165, 201, 202, 247
governor’s control over, 116, 121–22, 138, 152, 308n2, 389, 390n4
Halifax, disposition of regiments ordered to Boston from, 190
Halifax regiment garrisoning, in Dalrymple’s absence, 397
House resolves questioning replacement of garrison at, 144n1
inventory of ammunition/stores at, 40
officers of provincial garrison, displacement of, 3, 25, 28, 63n3, 101, 103n4, 105
P. Oliver Sr. supplying shot to, 150, 166
public interpretation of royal takeover of, TH’s understanding of, 110, 113, 114
royal takeover of, 1–2, 18, 24, 28–31, 35–38, 45, 47–48, 54, 62, 63, 74, 85, 88, 93, 95, 97, 98, 101, 105, 110, 113, 114, 124–25, 179
salaries to be paid to storekeeper and gunner, 149–50, 152, 166, 188, 284
Spanish invasion of Falklands and defensibility of, 68, 79, 95, 116, 165
staff, expectations regarding establishment of, 247, 307, 308n2
storekeeper and gunner retained under TH’s control, 63n3, 87, 93, 99, 101, 138, 149–50
TH requesting instructions from Hillsborough on, 138
withdrawal of British troops from Boston proper to, 124
Cato the Younger, 365
Cawdrey’s Case (1595), 148n2
The Censor, 6, 288n5, 337, 340
“Centinel,” attacks on W. Tryon in Massachusetts Spy by, 235n1
Chadwick, Mr. (deputy sheriff at Fort Pownall), 107, 132
Chandler, Col. John, 101, 102n3
Charles I (king of England), 70, 326
Charlestown, Mass., tea consumption in, 242
Charter
Boston, right of General Court to meet in, 2, 5
Castle William, legality of royal takeover of, 18, 24, 74
on elections for House, 182
forfeiture of, 22
Parliamentary authority regarding, 5, 22, 83
property qualifications for membership in Boston town meeting, 373
reformation of government, efforts at, 2, 20, 22–23, 29, 30n3, 64–65, 80–81, 83, 96, 160n2, 174
removal of Eastern Country from Massachusetts control, proposals/threats for, 57–58, 98–99, 278–79
TH on acting in consonance with, 389
Chatham, William Pitt, Lord, 30, 132, 187, 325, 327n5
Chauncy, Charles, 109, 110n4, 132n5, 155–56, 156n1
Chesebrough, David
letter of TH to (11 Feb. 1771), 119–20
mentioned in letter to J. Lyndon, 141
Chesebrough, Mrs., 119
Christ Church, Cambridge, pew rent dispute, 82–83, 84n1
Christian VII (king of Denmark), 344n2
chronology (Nov. 1770–June 1772), 11–12
Church of England
Anglican Church in America, TH on, 298–99
Christ Church, Cambridge, pew rent dispute, 82–83, 84n1
King’s Chapel, 3, 49, 50n11, 238n3, 239–40, 255, 351
sentiments of TH regarding, 298
cipher/shorthand used by TH, xix, 73n1, 77n2
Circular Letter, House’s response to order to rescind, 43, 44n3, 66
Clinton, George (governor of New York), 36, 37n4
coach, TH consulting F. Bernard on purchase of, 117, 160, 198
coal, sources of, 174
Cobbiseconta/Cobbosseecontee River, 302, 304n2
Cockle, James, 38n2
Colden, Cadwallader (acting governor of New York), 30n1, 226n2
Collier, Capt., 70
colonies. See also history of the colonies
committees of correspondence between, 267, 268, 390
government of, TH on, 324–25, 389–90
independence of, TH on, 233–34, 252–53, 258, 265, 267, 325, 333n4, 340
Parliament, declarations of lack of authority over colonies of, 4, 5, 7, 9, 137, 156n1, 173–76, 179, 188, 196–97, 214–17, 218n3, 219n1, 221, 257–58, 265, 267, 288–89, 325
Parliament, distractions from colonial challenges to authority of, 2, 53, 92, 96, 115, 121, 198, 352
Treason Act, applicable to accusations of treason in, 171, 172n7, 174
comitatus a comitando, 70, 71n3
commissioners of customs. See American Board of Customs Commissioners
committees of correspondence between colonies, 267, 268, 390
Concord, MA, 46
Condeskeag/Kenduskeag River, 272, 273n1, 303, 304n5
confidential correspondence
Boston Gazette publication of B. Franklin correspondence with House, 262, 263n2
burned by TH, 277
B. Franklin accused before Privy Council of theft of TH’s letters, 266n5
publication of copies of/concerns of TH regarding, 29, 30n1, 31, 94, 126–27, 198, 199n2, 238, 243, 269
revised by TH, 228–31
Congregational ministers of Boston
commission for TH as governor-in-chief, message on, 3, 136, 148n4
thanksgiving proclamation, refusal to read, 6
Connecticut River, 275–77, 287, 288n6, 295, 297n4, 330, 331n4, 339, 358, 374, 387n5
Connecticut River, New York’s claims to lands west of. See New York, border dispute with
constitution. See Charter
Cooke, Elisha, Jr., 194n1
Cooke, Middlecott, death of, 193, 194n1
Cooper, Dr. Samuel, 24
Copley, John Singleton, portraits by
A. Oliver (ca. 1758), 33
E. Goldthwait (1770–1771), 195
J. Gambier (1773), 164
J. Wentworth (1769), 227
M. Howard (1767), 264
W. Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield (1783), 286
S. Gardiner (ca. 1772), 255
T. Flucker (1770–1772), 140
Cotton, John
appointment for, TH seeking, 84n5, 193, 194n4, 247, 250n9, 253–54, 261n2, 359, 360n1, 368
as deputy secretary, 3
on petition of A. Oliver before General Court, 32
prisoner, failure to retain, 43
relationship to TH, 3, 194n1, 253–54
Council
American Board of Commissioners and, 288
April session (1771), 181–84, 215
Bollan letter to, reported by TH to unknown person, 312–13
committee to investigate unrestricted settlement east of Penobscot River, 42n1, 48, 50n7, 301
fall session (26 Sept.–20 Nov, 1770), 2
Hillsborough on deciding controversies regarding marriage and divorce, 306
irregularity of proceedings, TH on, 91
king’s approbation of A. Oliver to be communicated to, 68, 155n2, 212
May elections (1771), 4, 196, 199–209
May elections (1772), 371–72
meeting without governor, 61, 62n5, 122, 124, 167, 222–23, 224n1
motion of J. Bowdoin to record correspondence with agent in separate book, 217
“Mucius Scaevola” letters in Massachusetts Spy and, 293, 294n2, 372, 373n8
official account of Boston Massacre, 21n6
A. Oliver, proceedings against, 67, 81, 151, 182
A. Oliver’s account of meeting of, after Boston Massacre, 2, 19–21, 27–34, 67
Proceedings of His Majesty’s Council…Relative to the Deposition of Andrew Oliver, Esq., 34
prorogation order of TH (July 1771), 215, 217
quit rent proposal for settlers in Eastern Country, 218
reformation of government, efforts at, 2, 20, 22–23, 29, 30n3, 64–65, 80–81, 83, 96, 115, 121, 159, 160n2, 179
royal appointment versus election of, 19, 21nn2–3, 22–23, 24n2, 64–65, 96, 99, 100, 121, 123n2, 160n2
royal portraits, objections to display of, 70, 71n6
A. Savage kidnapping and, 301n2
separate agents for House and Council, TH refusing grants for, 2, 4, 35–36, 39, 40, 45, 47, 70–71, 86–95, 121, 144, 154, 167–72, 183, 212, 223, 238, 239n4, 267–68, 312–13, 355, 390
Council Chamber, portraits of British monarchs in, 3, 70, 71n6
Coussens, Benjamin, 142, 143n4
Crawford, William, vetoed as truckmaster by TH, 179n2, 183
Cromwell, Oliver, 58
Crosby, Brass (lord mayor of London), 160n6, 186n1, 187, 188n4, 197nn3–4
Crowne, William, 58n5
Cumberland, Prince Henry, Duke of, 61, 62n4
currency, changed from paper to silver, 40
Cushing, Caleb, 203n2
Cushing, Charles (sheriff of Lincoln Co.)
congratulating TH on governorship, 142
deed for property of R. Jackson in Maine entrusted to, 85, 86n2
letters from (21 March 1771), 142
Machias, appointment of deputy sheriff at, 142
Machias, lawlessness at, 51, 52n2, 107
Cushing, Elizabeth Sumner, 142n3
Cushing, John, 246, 250n2, 310n3, 311, 342, 352
Cushing, Thomas
B. Franklin writing to, 196, 197n2
on protest of the House at July meeting, 220–21
as Speaker of the House, 126–27, 220–21
vetoed as commissary by TH, 179n2
Cushing, William, 65n2, 246, 250n2, 310n3, 311
customs commissioners. See American Board of Customs Commissioners
customs fees for port of Boston, TH requesting list of, 128
Customs House, dismissal of case against civilians accused of firing into crowd from, 1, 63, 69, 88
cutlery and silver plate ordered by TH, 77
Dalrymple, Col. William
Castle William, repairs at, 201
Castle William, royal takeover of, 31, 95
copies of confidential letters of, 30n1
T. Gage writing to, 18
Halifax, disposition of regiments ordered to Boston from, 143, 180, 190
mentioned by TH, 176
news/rumors, susceptibility to, 307
in West Indies with regiment, 397, 398, 398n4
Dartmouth, Lord, reprimanding TH, 7
Davies, Elizabeth, death of, 130, 131n3
Davies, Capt. William, 131n3, 176, 252, 256, 261n1
Davis, Solomon, 256–57
de Gray, William, later Baron Walsingham, 30
DeBerdt, Dennys, death of/agency held by, 25n4, 39, 40, 47, 87, 90, 121, 167, 169, 183, 212, 221
dedimus, 134
Delancey family, New York, 36, 37n4
diarrhea, 18
Dilly, Edward and Charles, 323
disease. See health and illness
divorce, Hillsborough on deciding controversies regarding marriage and, 306
Donnell, Col. Joseph, 248–49, 250–51nn12–14
Donoughmore, Christiana Nickson [Nixon], 1st Baroness, 328n19, 329
Dorchester, Guy Carleton, 1st Baron, 109, 110n3
Dorchester, MA, 176, 180, 274n1
Dorr, Harbottle, 188n3
Draper, Richard
letter from (25 Feb. 1771), 130
TH seeking to place letters for publication with, 130, 151, 287, 288n5
trepidation over publication of Williams letter, 130, 151
Dudingston, Lt. William, 380n1
Dudley, Thomas (former governor of Massachusetts), 364
Dunmore, John Murray, 4th Earl of (governor of New York and then Virginia), 49, 62n7, 226
Dutch tea, smuggled/imported, 5, 181, 220, 235–43, 256, 260, 323, 351, 358
Dutch West India Company, 396n4
Dwight, Maj. Timothy, III, 330, 331n1
East India Company, tea monopoly held by, 5, 9, 236, 243
Eastern Country (east of Penobscot River). See Maine
Edes & Gill, 277
Edinburgh, WSH traveling to Great Britain to attend University of, 320, 360–69
Edwards, Jonathan, and daughters Elizabeth and Susanna, 331n1
Effingham, Lt. Col. Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of, 295–300
Ellis, Welbore, 1st Baron Mendip, 109, 110n3
“enthusiasts” in religion, TH commenting on, 137
Episcopal Church. See Church of England
Erving, George, 266
Erving, Capt. John, 187, 266n5
A Fair Account of the Late Unhappy Disturbance at Boston, 21n6, 21nn1–2
Falkland Islands, Spanish seizure of, 2, 79
accommodation reached between Spain and England, 118
F. Bernard on, 53
Castle William, defensibility of, 68, 79, 95, 116, 148
circular letter of Hillsborough on, 68, 69n1
as distraction from colonial challenges to authority of Parliament, 2, 53, 92, 96, 115, 121
Halifax, regiments ordered to Boston from, 143, 148, 149, 165, 177, 177n2, 178, 187–88, 190
naval defenses in New England and, 68, 79
parliamentary authority, TH hoping to capitalize on fear of war with Spain to strengthen acceptance of, 188, 189n2
peace with Spain over, 45, 148–60, 165, 177, 178, 180, 192, 233
preparations for war with Spain and, 79–85, 133
recruitment of regiments in North America and, 133, 154, 155n3
tea import business of TH and sons affected by, 77
uncertainty regarding outbreak of war over, 115–23, 133
Falmouth (now Portland, ME)
arrival of ship with TH’s commission from, 111
Boas sailing for, 76
poor state of naval defenses in, 80
A. Savage, kidnapping of, 6, 280–94, 300, 301n2, 304–5, 306, 308–9, 329, 348
tea smuggling in, 243
Faneuil, Benjamin, 251n18
Fisher, James (tailor), 15, 256, 257n1
Fitzwilliam, Richard, 6th Viscount Fitzwilliam, 157n1
Fitzwilliam, William, letter to (6 April 1771) and reply, on potential familial alliance, 157, 205n1
Fleet, John and Thomas, 130, 131n5
Fletcher, Capt. Thomas, 303, 304n4, 310
flies, in Maine, 302
commission, as secretary of Massachusetts, 53n5, 111n4, 132, 139n3, 154
on B. Franklin, 262
May elections (1771) and, 200
portrait by John Singleton Copley (1770–1772), 140
T. Scammell and, 378
Folger, Timothy, 287, 298, 314, 315n3
Forman, Samuel, 294n2
Fort Hill, plan to fortify, 98
Fort Pownall
size of garrison at, 218
truckmaster position at, 61, 62n6, 83, 84n8, 122, 123n6, 179, 183, 186, 354, 355n4
Fox Islands (North Haven and Vinalhaven, ME), 205
France, distressed finances of, 192
Frankland, Agnes Suriage, Lady, 117
Frankland, Sir Harry, 117n1
Franklin, Benjamin
accused before Privy Council of theft of TH’s letters, 266n5
boards, admission to appear before, 221, 222n2
J. Bowdoin letter of introduction for G. Erving to, 266n5
correspondence with House printed in Boston Gazette, 262, 263n2
directed to apply for withdrawal of TH’s instructions on taxation of commissioners’ salaries, 220–21
Ireland, possible visit to, 197n2, 313
A. Lee and, 24, 262, 263n1, 268
as official agent for New Jersey, Georgia, and Pennsylvania, 222n2, 312
on Parliament’s lack of authority over colonies, 5n8
planning to return to America, 196, 197n2
publication of correspondence between House and Franklin as agent, 228
purported House dissatisfaction with, as agent, 262, 268, 270–71, 311
royal takeover of Castle William and, 35, 48
separate agent of House, chosen for/acting as/veto of salary grant as, 2, 5, 24, 35–36, 39, 40, 45, 47, 87n3, 122, 123n5, 144, 196, 197n2, 221, 222n2, 262, 312–13
TH attempting to exploit differences within patriot opposition and, 5, 262, 268, 271–72
Franklin, Michael (lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia), 244–47
Fraser, Thomas, 209
Frederick (crown prince of Denmark), 344n2, 345
freedom of religion
Antinomian Crisis, 141n2
Baptists, grievances of, 101–2, 272
established church, exemption from/requirement to support, 101–2, 103n7
freedom of the press
agitation in the newspapers, TH on, 113, 137
appointments of printers/stationers, 112
libel and sedition charges against printers, 137, 138n2, 292, 293–294nn1–2, 322, 348
“Mucius Scaevola” letters and, 6, 292, 293–94nn1–2, 322, 348, 372, 373n8, 376, 377n5
patriot press dominance, TH’s efforts to combat, 6
printers’ crisis in London, 3, 160n6, 185–90, 201
struggles of TH with, 185
W. Tryon, press attacks on, 234, 235n1
Freeman, Enoch
kidnapping of A. Savage and, 300, 308–9
letter from (20 Jan. 1772), 308–9
letter to (26 Dec. 1771), 300
“Freeman,” as pseudonym of A. Oliver in Censor, 340
Freiberg, Malcom, 257n2
French and Indian War (Seven Years’ War), 47n1
acquittals in Boston Massacre and, 26, 37, 113
Castle William, conditions and defensibility of, 62, 68, 79–80, 95, 116, 152, 165, 201, 202
Castle William, on retention of storekeeper and gunner under TH’s control at, 63n3, 87
Castle William, possible return to provincial control of, 101
Castle William, royal takeover of, 37, 54, 62, 63n3, 95
Castle William, salaries of storekeeper and gunner at, 149–50, 166, 176, 177n1, 188, 284
exploitation by TH of differences in patriot camp and, 284
governorship of TH and, 138, 143
letters from
5 Nov. 1770, 17–18
12 Nov. 1770, 26–27
19 Nov. 1770, 37
3 Dec. 1770, 54
4 March 1771, 133
25 March 1771, 143
22 April 1771, 178
28 April 1771, 180
letters to
12 Nov. 1770, 25
26 Nov. 1770, 45
3 Dec. 1770, 52
6 Dec. 1770, 59
10 Dec. 1770, 62
24 Dec. 1770, 82
21 Jan. 1771, 95
17 March 1771, 139
31 March 1771, 149–50
9 April 1771, 165–66
22 April 1771, 176
29 April 1771, 180–81
9 May 1771, 185
13 May 1771, 187–89
3 June 1771, 201
1 Dec. 1771, 284
Mutiny Act, copies of, 149, 150n4, 156n4, 165–66, 178, 180
North administration and, 133, 139
regiments ordered from Halifax to Boston and, 143, 149, 176, 178
Spanish invasion of Falklands and, 82, 95, 133, 149
St. Vincent, West Indies, Dalrymple ordered to suppress Carib rebellion in, 398n4
Gainsborough, Thomas, portrait of Lord Sandwich (1783), 370
Gale, Mr., 178
Gambier, James
Admiralty volumes sent to, 335–36
arrival in England, 335
colors obtained from, to replace flags at Castle William, 201
departure for England, 232
Hillsborough as patron of, 361
letters delivered from Lady Bernard to, 16
letters delivered to Hillsborough by, 56
letters to
31 Oct. 1771, 273–74
14 March 1772, 335–36
7 May 1772, 361
30 June 1772, 398–99
portrait by John Singleton Copley (1773), 164
on public opinion in New England, 257
recall of, 4, 161, 162, 163, 232, 370
recommendation letters by TH for, 24, 163–65, 232–34
relationship of TH with, 4, 161–65, 232
on stroke suffered by F. Bernard, 341
visited by WSH, 391
Gambier, Jenny (goddaughter of TH), 335, 336n5, 361
Gambier, Mrs., and Gambier children, 273, 274, 335, 361, 398
Gardiner, Sylvester
Jeffries v. Donnell case and, 248–49, 251n13
as Kennebec Proprietor, 305n1
portrait by John Singleton Copley (ca. 1772), 255
Gaspee (ship), surprising and burning of, 379, 380nn1–2, 395, 398
General Court. See also Council; House of Representatives
April session (1771), 4, 139, 148n1, 154–55, 156, 158, 161, 175, 178, 181–84
April session (1772), 7–8, 334, 335, 337–40, 346–59, 376–77
H. Brown on rural versus town reactions to pronouncements of, 46
Gov. Burnet, refusal to grant fixed salary to, 216, 218n5
Cambridge versus Boston, objections to meeting in, 1–2, 4, 5, 7–8, 46, 66n2, 83, 84n6, 88, 144, 159n7, 183, 199, 200, 202, 206, 210–13, 224, 267, 284–85, 338–39, 346, 347, 348n4, 349–50, 355, 358, 371, 372, 376, 377n3, 380–84, 389, 397
Castle William storekeeper and gunner, salaries of, 63n3
closing speech of TH to (1772), 358
dinner invitations extended by TH to members of, 398, 399n1
Eastern Country, failure to deal with problems in, 2, 259
escalation of challenges to imperial authority, 1–3
fall session (26 Sept.–20 Nov, 1770), 1–3, 36, 39, 40, 43, 46–48
fall/winter session (1771/1772, projected and prorogued), 206, 282, 305, 307, 311–12, 314, 318
lack of notice of prorogation of (March 1771), 134–35
May elections (1771), 4, 182, 196, 199–209
May elections (1772), 7–8, 365, 371–79
New York, negotiation of border dispute with, 353, 354, 385, 386, 392, 393
opening messages of J. Hancock to, 8, 346, 348n4, 349–50
opening messages of TH to, 2, 4, 7, 44n3, 202–3, 346, 347, 348n4, 357, 377n3
passage of acts, wording for, 1–2, 38n3, 39, 43, 45n3, 46, 47, 88
petition of A. Oliver before, 32
prorogation order of TH (July 1771), 215, 217
prorogued over denial of Parliamentary authority, 4, 7
reformation of government, efforts at, 2, 20, 22–23, 29, 30n3, 64–65, 80–81, 83, 96, 115, 121, 159, 160n2, 179
separate agents for House and Council, TH refusing grants for, 2, 4, 35–36, 39, 40, 45, 47, 70–71, 86–95, 121, 144, 154, 167–72, 183, 212, 223, 238, 239n4, 267–68, 312–13, 355, 390
unknown member, letter of TH to, 111
unrestricted settlement east of Penobscot River, failure to regulate, 2, 39, 40, 42, 44, 48, 51, 57–58, 99, 100n3, 103n10, 153, 199n5, 203, 205, 218, 225, 238, 259, 301, 358
George III (king of England)
on April (1772) session of General Court, 376
bill for propagation of gospel to Native Americans disallowed by, 183
birth of Prince (5 June 1771), Circular Letter on, 231
on “impudent mandate” message, 44n3, 66
Junius letters critical of, 138n2
king’s picture allowed to new royal governors, 49, 50n11, 70
May 1771 election, approval of, 212
merger of lord keeper and lord chancellor after accession of, 30n6
A. Oliver, approbation of conduct of, 67, 68, 151, 154n2, 212
printers’ crisis and, 185, 186n1
on protest of the House, 289
Royal Marriages Act, 345
speech at prorogation of Parliament (8 May 1771), 222
superior court justices, appointment of, 352
TH on amiable qualities of, 263
“George Wampanatus” letter in Boston Gazette, 262, 263n1
Georgia, agent for, 222n2
Glasgow (ship), 16, 41–42, 55, 56, 204, 206
Glynn, John, 119n3
Goffe, William (regicide), 248
Goldthwait, Ezekiel
clerk of the court, appointment of, 193, 194nn1–2
portrait by John Singleton Copley (1770–1771), 195
Goldthwait, Thomas
arrest advice given by TH to, 132
J. Bernard and, 208, 316, 371, 397, 398n3
as commander at Fort Pownall, 123n6
on disorder in Eastern Country, 84n8, 107–8
failed business relationship of J. Bernard with, 162n3
letters from
20 Jan. 1771, 107–8
mentioned by TH in letter to F. Bernard, 238
letters to
2 March 1771, 132
9 May 1771, 186
11 June 1771 (to Thomas Goldthwait or his deputy), 207
Machias, projected trip to, 186
relationship with TH, 397
T. Scammell as surveyor of timber, asked to assist, 207, 218, 241, 294, 302–3, 304
settlement in Eastern Country, account of, 268–69
Tarrance/Tenants Harbor, plan for new town at, 205
on timber lands around Penobscot River, 272
as truckmaster at Fort Pownall, 61, 62n6, 83, 84n8, 122, 123n6, 179, 183, 186, 354
Goosetrey, Thomas, 251n13
Gorges, Sir Ferdinand, 304
Gouldsborough, 302
Grafton administration, 138n2, 233n1, 370
Grant, James (governor of East Florida), 93, 94n2
Gray, Harrison, 61, 371, 372n3
Green, Hammond, 69n2
Green, John, 112, 159, 160n3, 199n1, 343, 349
Greenleaf, Joseph, and “Mucius Scaevola” letters, 6, 293–94n2, 322n1, 348, 372, 373n8, 376, 377n5
Greenleaf, Stephen (sheriff of Suffolk Co.), 82, 84n1, 263n1, 335n3, 361n, 362n7
Greenwood, Mr. (cabinetmaker), 300
Greenwood, Thomas (son of Customs House messenger), 69n2
Grenville, George, death of, 30, 106, 107n1, 110n3, 118, 139, 176, 189, 190n1
Hale, Matthew, Lord, Historia Placitorum Coronae (1736), 72, 73n4
Halifax
Castle William, regiment from Halifax garrisoning, in absence of Dalrymple, 397
plan to replace Sewall at Halifax with Robinson, and Robinson with Franklin, 89, 90n3, 90n6, 159, 160n1, 244–47, 249, 317, 336–37, 338, 359
as previous point of rendezvous for Royal Navy in North America, 163n1, 258
regiments ordered to Boston from, 143, 148, 149, 165, 176, 177–84, 177n2, 187–88, 190
St. Vincent, West Indies, regiment ordered to suppress Carib rebellion in, 398n4
Halifax, George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of (lord privy seal), 20, 21n4
Hall, Stephen, 187, 371, 372n3
Hallowell, Benjamin
appointed commissioner in place of J. Temple, 16n4, 82, 89, 90n5
as Kennebec Proprietor, 305n1
letter from American Board of Customs Commissioners (26 Nov. 1771), on kidnapping of A. Savage, 281
letter from J. Pownall delivered via, 88
on pension of F. Bernard, 84
W. Sheppard as tide surveyor supported by, 193, 194n5
Hallowell, Briggs, 127
Hamby, Catharne (Katherine), 326, 328n15
Hamby, Richard, 328n15
Hancock, John
accepted as councilor by TH, 8, 262, 271, 331, 346, 371, 384
S. Adams, repaired relationship with, 372, 373n10
S. Adams, rift with, 7, 9, 206, 262, 284, 287, 311, 313, 314, 319, 346, 371, 372
S. Adams’s debt to town as tax collector, contributing to payment of, 346
Boston town finances, moving for inquiry into, 7
Cambridge versus Boston, objections to meeting in, 5, 7, 346, 348n4, 349–50, 358, 371, 372, 382, 384
characterized by TH, 204–5, 257
as commissioner in New York border dispute, 353n3
funding of patriot cause by, 315n3
May 1772 elections and, 372, 373n10
mentioned in connection with unhealthy dining at the Peacock, 273
opening messages to General Court by, 8, 346, 348n4, 349–50
TH attempting to exploit differences within patriot opposition and, 5, 206, 262, 284, 287, 311, 313, 314, 319, 346, 371
vetoed as councilor by TH, 5, 179n2, 199, 200, 202, 203n2, 204–5, 206, 346
vetoed as truckmaster by TH, 183
whale oil, speculation in, 315n3
Hannan’s estate, 157
Harrison, Joseph, letter to (11 May 1772), 367
Harvard, 8, 250n2, 301n1, 328nn13–14, 331n2, 353n2, 362n6
Harvard Hall, F. Bernard’s involvement in reconstruction of (1766), 79n2
Hawke, Sir Edward, 83, 84n5, 193, 194n8
Hawley, Maj. Joseph
Baptist grievances and, 103n9
as commissioner in New York border dispute, 353n3, 364, 365nn2–3
as critic of TH, 46, 47n4, 103n9, 159n6, 365n3
passage of acts, wording for, 38n3
suspended by TH, 159n6, 364–65
health and illness. See also mental instability
Lady Bernard, difficult ship voyage to England of, 118, 161
Lady Bernard, improved health of, 334
bilious disorder, 260
cold/cough of WSH, 391
diarrhea, 18
flies, in Maine, 302
J. Gambier, illness of, 335, 361
horseback riding, as cure, 341
nervous indisposition suffered by TH (1767), 341
South Carolina, “pale sickly complexion” of, 273
stroke suffered by F. Bernard, 8, 341, 345, 349, 350n1, 371, 391, 397
Tunbridge Waters taken for, 26
Hely Hutchinson, John
F. Bernard, letter from TH to Hely Hutchinson also sent to, 329
letter to (14 Feb. 1772), 323–27
marriage to Christiana Nickson [Nixon], 1st Baroness Donoughmore, 328n19
Henry VIII (king of England), 147, 171, 174
Hesse, death of Princess of, 347
Hillsborough, Lord
S. Adams as “Candidus” critiquing, 266n4
April session of General Court (1772) and, 354–55, 376–77
birth of Prince (5 June 1771), Circular Letter on, 231
Bollan’s communication with, 167–70, 172n1
Boston Massacre commemorative oration sent to, 175
Boston Massacre soldiers’ trial and, 55–57, 59, 87, 139
Cambridge versus Boston, objections of General Court to meeting in, 200, 202, 210–13, 347, 355, 376, 381
Castle William and, 31, 87, 93, 97, 99, 100n4, 149, 152, 201, 202
commendations of TH by, 7, 31, 44n3, 124–25, 200–201
confidential letters, circulation of, 29, 30n1, 31, 94, 127
Court proceedings sent to, 44
Fort Hill, fortification of, 98
J. Gambier, as patron of, 361
governorship of TH and, 60, 136–38, 141, 324
HMS Gaspee, surprising and burning of, 379, 380nn1–2, 395
“impudent mandate,” order to rescind Circular Letter described as, 43, 44n3, 66
instructions for TH as governor and, 156, 214–15, 222–23, 289–90, 338
in Ireland, 3, 4, 26, 28–285, 44n3, 314
“Junius Americanus” letters critiquing, 50n2
kidnapping of A. Savage and, 281–82, 304–5, 306, 329, 348
on lawlessness in Eastern Country, 153
15 Nov. 1770, 31
20 Nov. 1770, 40
7 Dec. 1770, 60
11 Dec. 1770 - first letter, 67
11 Dec. 1770 - second letter, 68
2 Jan. 1771, 86–87
11 Feb. 1771, 124–25
12 Feb. 1771, 125
1 April 1771, 152–53
1 June 1771, 200–201
4 Dec. 1771, 289–91
11 Jan. 1771, 306
5 Feb. 1772, 322
18 April 1772, 352
6 June 1772, 376–77
letters of TH to Bernard and, 28, 336
letters to
30 Nov. 1770, 51
5 Dec. 1770 - first letter, 55–56
5 Dec. 1770 - second letter, 56–57
10–12? Dec. 1770, 64–65
12 Dec. 1770, 68–69
22 Dec. 1770, 79–80
17 Jan. 1771, 93–94
22 Jan. 1771, 97–99
9 March 1771, 137–38
2 April 1771, 154–55
8 April 1771, 162–63
19 April 1771, 175
1 May 1771, 182–84
15 May 1771, 190–91
4 June 1771, 202–3
13 June 1771, 207–8
22 June 1771, 210
6 July 1771, 214–15
18 July 1771, 222–23
9 Aug. 1771, 231
25 Aug. 1771, 236–37
9 Sept. 1771, 240–41
10 Sept. 1771, 242–43
1 Oct. 1771, 259
15 Oct. 1771, 268–69
24 Oct. 1771, 272
28 Nov. 1771, 281–82
11 Dec. 1771, 293
3 Jan. 1772, 304–5
24 Jan. 1772, 311–12
31 Jan. 1772, 318–19
12 March 1772, 332
30 March 1772, 342
10 April 1772, 347–48
27 April 1772 - first letter, 354–55
27 April 1772 - second letter, 356
29 May 1772, 373–74
12 June 1772, 379
15 June 1772, 381
25 June 1772 - first letter, 393
25 June 1772 - second letter, 394–96
on lieutenant-governorship, 83
marriage and divorce, on deciding controversies regarding, 206
matters too insignificant for attention of, 349, 350n1
May elections (1771) and, 202
May elections (1772) and, 373–74
mentioned by TH, 129, 179, 200, 238, 287, 294, 314, 340, 349, 361, 372
“Mucius Scaevola” letters, prosecution of, 293, 322, 348, 376, 377n5
New York, border dispute with, 282, 354, 374, 393, 395–96
North Carolina insurgency, newspaper accounts of, 207–8
J. Phillips, petition from, 101, 103n4, 122, 377
T. Pownall as critic of, 233n1
Capt. Preston, on acquittal of, 67, 139
on protest of the House, 289–90
recruitment of regiments in North America and, 133, 190
reformation of government, efforts at, 2, 20, 22–23, 29, 30n3, 64–65, 96, 97–99, 115, 159, 160n2
removal of Eastern Country from Massachusetts control, proposals for, 98–99, 153, 269
E. Richardson, pardon of, 7, 72–73, 125, 289, 290–91, 332, 376
royal appointment of councilors, advised on, 21n2
rumors of removal of Boston as point of rendezvous for Royal Navy and, 162–63
salary of TH as governor and, 156, 236
separate agents of House/Council, vetoed by TH, 87, 154, 167–69, 223
R. Silvester and, 122
Spanish seizure of Falklands and, 68, 69n1, 95, 133, 180
superior court justices and, 342, 352, 355, 356, 376–77
on Tea Act, 351
tea smuggling problem and, 236–37, 239, 242–43
timber supply from Eastern Country, interest in protection of, 2, 40, 51, 57, 87, 99, 100n3, 153, 203, 241, 259, 268–69, 272, 289, 294, 301, 304–6, 318, 329, 352
on Treason Act, applicable to accusations of treason in colonies, 171, 172n7
visited by WSH, 391
Hinsdale, T. Howard’s application for patent in, 295–300, 375
history of the colonies
correspondence with W. Robertson on, 320, 321
TH’s history of Massachusetts colony, 322–23, 324, 327n3, 359, 360n2, 363
Holland. See Netherlands
Holland, Samuel, 153n5
Holt, John, 59n4
Hood, Commodore Samuel, 94, 126, 127, 268
horseback riding, as cure, 341
hosiery ordered by TH, 77
House of Commons
Bollan’s petition to, 169, 172n6
confidential correspondence procured from, 126
deadlock in (winter/spring of 1771), 185
printers’ crisis, 3
House of Lords, on Treason Act amendments, 172n7
House of Representatives
April session (1771), 4, 156, 158, 178–79, 181–84, 215
F. Bernard, members opposed to, 182
Boston, instructions of town of, for representatives, 372, 373, 373n12, 374n2
Cambridge versus Boston, objections to meeting in, 1–2, 4, 5, 7–8, 46, 66n2, 83, 84n6, 88, 144, 159n7, 183, 199, 200, 202, 206, 210–13, 224, 267, 284–85, 338–39, 346, 347, 348n4, 349–50, 355, 358, 371, 372, 376, 377n3, 380–84, 389, 397
Charter on election rules for, 182
commission and salary of TH as governor-in-chief and, 3, 6
customs commissioners, denial of Parliamentary authority to appoint, 214–15, 217, 218n3, 265, 266n3
fall session (26 Sept.–20 Nov, 1770), 1–2
Fort Pownall, size of garrison at, 218
governor’s salary, loss of control of, 3
governorship of TH, decision not to issue congratulations on, 136, 148n4, 182, 184n1
imperial constitution, exchanges with TH on nature of, 7
“impudent mandate,” order to rescind Circular Letter described as, 43, 44n3, 66
limits on number of, TH suggesting, 65
Machias township, veto by TH of vote confirming, 218
May elections (1771), 4, 182, 196, 199–209
May elections (1772), 372
New York border dispute, consideration of Tryon’s letter regarding, 392
Parliament’s lack of authority over colonies, declarations of, 4, 5, 7, 9, 137, 156n1, 173–76, 179, 188, 196–97, 214–17, 218n3, 219n1, 221, 325
passage of acts, wording for, 1–2, 38n3, 39, 43, 45n3, 46, 47, 88
prorogation order of TH (July 1771), 215, 217
protest of the House (22 June 1771), 4, 210–13, 221, 224, 242n2, 261, 266n3, 278, 285, 289, 291n2, 300n2, 327n6
publication of correspondence between House and Franklin as agent, 228
purported dissatisfaction with B. Franklin as agent, 262, 263n2, 311
reformation of government, efforts at, 2, 20, 22–23, 29, 30n3, 64–65, 80–81, 83, 96, 115, 121, 159, 160n2, 179
Riot Act, failure to renew, 40, 87n2
royal takeover of Castle William, depositions on, 35, 39, 45, 47–48, 54, 74
salary grant to TH, as lieutenant governor, 40
separate agents for House and Council, TH refusing grants for, 2, 4, 24, 35–36, 39, 40, 45, 47, 70–71, 86–95, 121, 144, 154, 167–72, 183, 212, 223, 238, 239n4, 267–68, 312–13, 355, 390
Superior Court judges’ salaries, TH arguing for augmentation of, 7
taxes, denial of Parliamentary authority to impose, 214–16
unrestricted settlement east of Penobscot River, failure to regulate, 2, 39, 40, 42, 44, 48, 51, 57–58, 99, 100n3, 103n10, 153, 199n5, 203, 205, 218, 225, 238, 259, 301
vetoes of appointments by TH, 179
Howard, Charles, 369
Howard, Henry, 12th Earl of Suffolk, 119n2
Howard, Martin
house in RI destroyed in Stamp Act riots, 263n1
letter to (9 Oct. 1771), 263
North Carolina, interests in, 263n1
portrait by John Singleton Copley (1767), 264
Howard, Mrs. Martin, 263
Howard, Lt. Col. Thomas, 3rd Earl of Effingham, 295–300
Hubbard, Thomas, 225n3
Hulton, Henry
letter from American Board of Customs Commissioners (26 Nov. 1771), on kidnapping of A. Savage, 281
residing in Castle William after Boston Massacre, 71n2
humor, heavy-handed efforts of TH at, 273, 274n5
Hutchins, Edward (ancestor), 328n11
Hutchinson, Anne (great-great-grandmother), 141n2, 198, 199n3, 327n8
Hutchinson, Bridget (sister of Anne), 141n2
Hutchinson, Edward (ancestor), 325–27, 328n9, 328n18
Hutchinson, Edward (great-grandfather), 326, 328n11, 328n15
Hutchinson, Eliakim (ancestor), 326, 327, 328n12
Hutchinson, Eliakim (cousin), 326, 328n13
Hutchinson, Elisha (grandfather), 326, 328n12, 328n16
Hutchinson, Elisha (son)
classmate of cousin William Hutchinson at Harvard, 328n14
former home of W. Burch in Boston, wishing to purchase, 388
hopes/concerns of TH for, 8, 307
marriage to Mary (Polly) Watson, 388
in tea trade with father and brother Thomas, 5, 15, 77, 181, 220, 235–43, 307, 323
Hutchinson, Foster (brother), 310n3
Hutchinson, Col. John “the Regicide” (not related to TH), 326–27, 328n18
Hutchinson, Margaret (Peggy; daughter), 120, 273, 274n1, 351
Hutchinson, Margaret Sanford (wife), 141n2, 325–27
Hutchinson, Richard (ancestor), 325–27, 328n9, 328n19, 328nn11–12
Hutchinson, Samuel (ancestor), 325–26, 328n9
Hutchinson, Susanna (great-great-great grandmother), 325–26, 328n10
Hutchinson, Thomas (father), 326, 328n17
Hutchinson, Thomas (TH in this text), 1–9
anonymous letters sent to, 131, 196–97
appointment, as governor-in-chief, 323–24
on being too old to leave New England, 205
Bernard family assisted by, 6–7, 8, 30, 38, 61, 70, 76, 77, 162, 179n1, 208–9, 247, 249, 270
calendar of correspondence (Nov. 1770–June 1772), 401–53
chronology (Nov. 1770–June 1772), 11–12
Church of England, sentiments regarding, 298
coach, purchase of, 117, 160, 198
coal from Louisbourgh, seeking privilege of obtaining, 174
on colonial government, 324–25, 389–90
commended by Lord Hillsborough, 7, 31, 44n3, 124–25, 200–201
commission, as governor-in-chief, 3, 6, 53, 60, 92, 111, 120, 136–47, 154
committees of correspondence, disruption of, 267, 268, 390
copies of confidential letters of, 29, 30n1, 31, 94
exploiting differences of opinion in patriot camp, 4–5, 9, 75, 88, 262–74, 284, 287, 311–31, 337, 340, 346, 358, 371
on failure to number letters, 261
on family history/genealogy, 325–27
forwarding letters to governors of other colonies, 93
freedom of the press, struggles with, 185
godchildren of, 274n6, 335, 336n5
Harvard, governor as chair of board of overseers of, 353
history of the colony by, 322–23, 324, 327n3, 359, 360n2, 363
humor, heavy-handed efforts at, 273, 274n5
on independence of colonies, 233–34, 252–53, 258, 265, 267, 325, 333n4, 340
instructions, as governor-in-chief, 4, 60, 121, 124, 152, 154, 156, 187, 190–91, 201, 214–26, 267–68, 291n2, 338, 347, 382–84, 382n1, 389–90, 397
inviting members of General Court to dine with him, 398, 399n1
Junius Americanus critiquing, as Bernard’s “creature,” 222n3
“Junius Americanus” letters critiquing, 50n2
King’s Chapel, communion silver and furnishings donated to, 3, 49, 50n11, 238n3, 239–40, 351
king’s picture allowed to, 49, 50n11, 70
on liberty in American colonies, 263, 265
looting and destruction of house of, 15, 110n1, 127, 326
Milton, house at, 78, 119, 145, 146, 187
on mob rule, 197
motto of, 77
nervous indisposition suffered by (1767), 341
A. Oliver’s separate account of Boston Massacre, role in, 27
opening messages to General Court, 2, 4, 7, 44n3, 202–3, 346, 347, 348n4, 357, 377n3
patriot press dominance, efforts to combat, 6
patronage activities of, 3, 49, 83, 84n5, 244–51, 384
perquisites of new royal governor enjoyed by, 3, 49, 50n11, 70
personal items ordered by, 15, 77
portrait of TH by Edward Truman (1741), iv
proclamation of public thanksgiving, ministers refusing to read, 6
Province House, moving into, 70, 120n2
reprimanded by Lord Dartmouth, 7
Rhode Island, connections to, 120n1, 141n2, 326
W. Robertson’s history of the colonies, correspondence on, 320, 321
salary, as governor-in-chief, 3, 6, 29, 30n2, 70, 78, 156, 179, 266n4, 288n5, 324, 395, 397
salary grant made by House to, refusal of, 40, 145
shorthand/cipher used by, xix, 73n1, 77n2, 257n2
sons, concerns over/hopes for, 8, 307
succession of Bernard as governor, threats to, 124, 136
tea duty, recognition of need to reduce, 235, 237, 239, 243, 256, 351
tea importation business with sons, 5, 15, 77, 181, 220, 235–43, 323
T. Whately, publication of private letters to, 9
Hutchinson, Thomas, Jr. (son)
hopes/concerns of TH for, 8, 307
in London, 8
in tea trade with father and brother Elisha, 5, 15, 77, 181, 220, 235–43, 307, 323
Hutchinson, Sir Thomas (father of Regicide; not related to TH), 328n18
Hutchinson, William (cousin), 326, 328n14
Hutchinson, William (great-great-grandfather), 325–28nn8–9
Hutchinson, William Sanford (Billy, son; WSH in this text)
cold/cough of, 391
concerns of TH regarding, 8, 307, 360, 361, 367–68
J. Gambier, recommended to, 361
at Harvard, 361
letter from (22 June 1772), 391
letter to (17 May 1772), 367–68
remaining in Massachusetts with TH, 120
W. Robertson asked to keep watch over, while at University of Edinburgh, 320, 366
Lord Sandwich, presentation of TH’s history of the colonies to, 359, 360n3, 363
as secretary of attorney general of Massachusetts, 8, 307, 308n3, 360
University of Edinburgh, traveling to Great Britain to attend, 320, 360–69, 391
W. Vassall and, 361, 362n6, 363
illness. See health and illness
“impudent mandate,” order to rescind Circular Letter described as, 43, 44n3, 66
Inches, Henderson, 340n1
incorporation, power to grant charters of, 182–83
independence of colonies, TH on, 233–34, 252–53, 258, 265, 267, 325, 333n4, 340
Indians. See Native Americans
Ingersoll, David, Jr., 38n3, 157
inheritance law
on bastard children, 157
intestates, law regarding, 103–4, 284–85
Ireland
F. Bernard’s possible post in, 310, 334, 345
B. Franklin considering visit to, 197n2, 313
Hillsborough in, 3, 4, 26, 28–285, 44n3, 314
TH on colonial government of, 325
Isle of Wight, 118
Jackson, Richard
letters to
27 Dec. 1770, 85
3 Feb. 1771, 112–13
9 Oct. 1771, 265–66
real estate speculation in Maine, 112, 113n1
replacing Bollan as Council agent (in 1764), 167
Jacobson (in letter from WSH), 391
Jamaica Plain, MA, 251n18
James I (king of England), 58, 70
Jarvis, Capt., 106, 112, 114, 191, 238, 266
Jeffries, David, 248–49, 250–51nn12–14
Jeffries v. Donnell case, 248–49, 250–51nn12–14
“J.F.,” writing in Boston Gazette, 340n1
“Johannes in Eremo,” Boston Gazette essay of, 179n3
Journal of the Times/Journal of Occurences, 314
Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (dowager queen of Denmark), 344n2, 345
“Junius Americanus” (Arthur Lee), letters of, 25n4, 35, 39, 45, 47, 50n2, 54, 75, 137, 138n2, 221, 222n3
justice system. See also superior court judges
S. Adams critiquing salaries of judges, as “Candidus,” 266n4
arrests, legal requirements for, 132
Boston Massacre oration proposed as reason for altering, 173–74
clerk of the court, appointment of, 193
Jeffries v. Donnell case, legal issues involved in, 248–49, 250–51nn12–14
kidnapping of A. Savage and, 281–82, 287–88, 300, 304–5, 308–9, 329, 348
libel and sedition charges against printers and, 348
Parliamentary supremacy, TH refusing to appoint judges not recognizing, 258
printers’ crisis, arrests in, 188–89
reforms of jury selection and power to remove justices of the peace, 115
salaries of judges, TH’s efforts to augment, 7, 64, 89
tea smuggling, reluctance to prosecute, 237
Kenduskeag/Condeskeag River, 272, 273n1, 303, 304n5
Kennebec Company/Proprietors
financial settlement with settlers to preserve timber, petition regarding, 301, 304, 305n1, 329
in Jeffries v. Donnell case, 248–49, 250–51nn12–14
Plymouth Patent/Company purchased by, 304, 305n1
Kennebec River, country east of. See Maine
Kennebec/Kennebec River, 225, 241, 268–69, 279, 302, 303, 304, 318
Kenny the Rioter, 132
Kilroy, Matthew, 55, 56n3, 57n1, 59, 62n3
King Philip’s War, TH’s great-grandfather dying in, 326, 328n15
King’s Chapel, 3, 49, 50n11, 238n3, 239–40, 255, 351
Lancaster Castle, seaman held indefinitely in, due to inability to pay fine for illegally importing rum, 384n8
Lane, John and Thomas, 209
Lane, Mr. (possibly of Lane, Son & Fraser), 336–37
Lane, Son & Fraser, 209n2, 337n1
Laws of Trade, 243, 256, 282, 287, 358, 379, 397
Lechmere, Richard, 209
Lee, Arthur
B. Franklin and, 24, 262, 263n1, 268
as “Junius Americanus,” 25n4, 35, 39, 45, 47, 50n2, 54, 75, 137, 138n2, 221, 222n3
royal takeover of Castle William, House depositions on, 35
as substitute for Franklin as House agent, 39, 40, 45, 47, 196, 197n2
Lee, Joseph, 83
Lewes, DE, 74
libel and sedition charges against printers, 137, 138n2, 292, 293–294nn1–2, 322, 348
liberty in American colonies, TH on, 263, 265
Liberty riot, 50n9, 250n7, 367n1
limestone kilns in Maine, 318, 319n1
Logan, Walter, 18, 82–83, 270, 271n4, 340, 371
London
printers’ crisis in, 3, 160n6, 185–90, 201
Tower, 3, 160, 185, 196, 197nn3–4
WSH traveling to University of Edinburgh via, 360–69
London Chronicle, 357
London Evening Post, 189n3
Longfellow, Jonathan, assault on/complaints against, 50n6, 108n1, 132n1, 143n4, 225n3, 242n7
lord keeper/lord chancellor, merger of, 30n6
lotteries, TH asking for instructions regarding, 217
Louisbourgh, coal from, 174
Lovell, James
Boston Gazette article on TH, as “An Elector in 1771,” 188n3
Boston Massacre oration on lack of Parliamentary authority, 4, 155–56, 156n1, 173–76
Lowder, Jonathan, 108
lumber. See timber
Lynde, Benjamin, 65n2, 246, 310n3
Lyndon, Josias, letter to (March 1771), 141
Lyttleton, George, 1st Baron, 54n2
Lyttleton, Sir Richard (governor of Minorca and Guernsey), death of, 54
Lyttleton, William Henry (governor of South Carolina and Jamaica), 54n2
appointment of deputy sheriff in, 142
investigation of situation at, 225, 241, 247
lawlessness in, 2, 48, 50n6, 51, 58n1, 107–8, 122, 142, 186
vote confirming township vetoed by TH, 218
Mackay, Alexander
Commodore Gambier recommended to, 234
letter from (15 May 1771), 191–92
letters to
3 Feb. 1771, 114
15 Aug. 1771, 233–34
Spain, negotiations with, 233
Madeira, 187
mail deliveries, delays in, 129, 132, 133, 134, 135, 139, 148, 187–88, 190, 219, 271, 280n1, 307, 335, 344–45, 347, 351
Maine (Sagadahoc; Eastern Country; country east of Penobscot River). See also specific locations within Maine
disorder in Eastern Country, 84, 153, 184
financial settlement with settlers to preserve timber, Kennebec Proprietors’ petition regarding, 301, 304, 305n1, 329
flies in, 302
R. Jackson’s real estate speculation in, 112, 113n1
Jeffries v. Donnell case on Indian deeds in, 248–49
limestone kiln set up near Fort Pownall, 318, 319n1
Penobscot Indians’ claim on Old Town Island, 272, 273n1
proposal to exchange for equal extent of territory in New York or New Hampshire, 358
quit rent proposal for settlers in Eastern Country, 218, 269, 278–79, 358
removal of Eastern Country from Massachusetts control, suggestions/threat of, 2, 48, 57–58, 87, 96–109, 122, 153, 198, 205, 269, 278–79, 287, 358
speeches and messages of TH regarding unauthorized settlement in, 259
surveying of woods in, 207, 218, 225
Tarrance/Tenants Harbor, plan for new town at, 205
unrestricted settlement east of Penobscot River, and timber reserves, 2, 39, 40, 42, 44, 48, 51, 57–58, 99, 100n3, 103n10, 153, 199n5, 203, 205, 218, 225, 238, 241, 247, 250n11, 259, 268–69, 272, 278–79, 289, 301–10, 312–13, 314, 329, 352, 357, 358
Mainwaring, Edward, 69, 89n2, 124, 125n2
Malco[l]m John, 119
Mansfield, William Murray, 1st Earl of
portrait by John Singleton Copley (1783), 286
Somerset[t] Case (1772), 286, 288n6
H. Woodfield tried for libel before, 138n2
manslaughter convictions of two soldiers in Boston Massacre, 55, 56n3, 57, 59, 60–61, 62n3
Marblehead, 80
marine corporation, TH’s veto of bill regarding, 182–83, 212
marriage
degrees of relationship and, 147, 148nn2–3, 158, 278
W. Fitzwilliam, TH on potential familial alliance with, 157
Hillsborough on deciding controversies regarding marriage and divorce, 306
of E. Hutchinson and Mary (Polly) Watson, 388
Royal Marriages Act, 345
of woman to deceased husband’s nephew, 147, 148nn2–3, 158
Martha’s Vineyard, 248, 287, 288n6
Martin, Josiah (governor of North Carolina), 332, 333n5
Mary II (queen of England), 70
Maserès, Francis, 21n6
Mason, Jonathan, 340n1
“Massachusettensis” letters, 38n3
Massachusetts. See also Council; General Court; House of Representatives; New York, border dispute with; specific locations
New Hampshire, proposal to annex, 99
reformation of government, efforts at, 2, 20, 22–23, 29, 30n3, 64–65, 80–81, 83, 96, 115, 121, 159, 160n2, 174, 179
removal of Eastern Country from control of, suggestions/threat of, 2, 48, 57–58, 87, 96–109, 122, 198, 205, 269, 278–79, 287, 358
shipbuilding in, 256
Massachusetts Gazette and Boston Weekly News-Letter/Boston Post-Boy and Advertiser
Boston Massacre commemorative oration as official town meeting, “P.Q.” on selectmen voting against, 340n1
congratulatory addresses to TH on governor’s commission printed in, 156n6
on Denmark affair, 344n2
government party essays placed in, 6, 288n5
May 1771 election results in, 204n1
printers’ commissions and, 112n1
Massachusetts Spy
“A Z” writing in, 340
on Battle of Alamance in North Carolina, 208n1
on Denmark affair, 344n2
on independent salary of TH, 288n5
“Mucius Scaevola” letters in, 6, 235n1, 288n5, 292, 293–94nn1–2, 322, 348, 372, 373n8, 376, 377n5
on thanksgiving proclamation, 6
W. Tryon attacked in, 235n1
Mather, Hannah Hutchinson (sister of TH), 109n1
Mather, Samuel, Jr., 109, 110n1, 160
Mather, Samuel, Sr., 109n1
Mauduit, Israel
letters to
17–19 Dec. 1770, 74–75
24 Dec. 1771, 299–300
9 May 1772, 364
WSH, letter of recommendation for, 364
Mayo, Catherine Barton, 346
Mayo, Capt. Joseph, 59, 60, 62n2
McLellan/McClennan, William (in Savage case), 300, 308, 309n3
McMasters, Patrick, 131n3
medical issues. See health and illness
Mein, John
attacked and driven out of Boston, 94n6, 112n1
G. Erving’s continued importations exposed by, 266n5
on J. Hancock’s financing of patriot cause, 315n3
inability of TH to protect, 124
official printer for American customs board and, 112, 160n3, 199n1, 343n1
Mendip, Welbore Ellis, 1st Baron, 109, 110n3
mental instability
of Christian VII (king of Denmark), 344n2
of J. Otis, Jr., 4, 187, 205, 247, 253, 271, 284, 287, 311, 314
Mercury (ship), 54, 62, 93, 95
Mermaid (ship), 274
Middleborough, daughter and granddaughter of TH residing in, 120
Middlesex Journal, 189n3
militia
Hillsborough’s views on regarding, 212
Col. I. Williams, commissions desired by, 330, 338, 365
TH asking Hillsborough’s advice on bill regarding, 183
Milton
coach suitable for traveling to, TH consulting F. Bernard on, 117
TH’s house at, 78, 119, 145, 146, 187, 273
mob rule, concerns of TH regarding, 197
caring for former home of W. Burch in Boston, 388
customs and naval fees, legal action against, 129n2
enemy of government, regarded by TH as, 257, 273, 388
perjury of Bourgatte and, 69n4, 125n2
TH unable to “enter into any sort of Treaty” with, 388
Monson, John, 1st Baron, 296, 297n2
Montagu, John, 4th Earl of Sandwich. See Sandwich, John Montagu, 4th Earl of
Montagu, Admiral John (cousin of Lord Sandwich)
account of surprising and burning of Gaspee, 379
interest of TH in cooperating with, 258
New London, CT, informed of smuggling actions at, 395
replacing J. Gambier, 161, 232, 370
T. Scammell attempting to obtain carpenter of Swan from, 378
tea smuggling problem and, 236–37
Montagu-Dunk George, 2nd Earl of Halifax (lord privy seal), 20, 21n4
Montgomery, Hugh, 55, 56n3, 57n1, 59, 62n3
Montresor, Capt. John, 62, 116, 150
Morris, Corbyn
letter to (24 Sept. 1771), 256
Remarks upon Mr. Mill’s Proposals for Publishing a Survey of the Trade of Great Britain, Ireland, and the British Colonies (1771), 256n1
motto of TH, 77
Moulton, Jeremiah, Jr., 134
Moulton, Jotham, 134
Mount Desert Island, 270n1
“Mucius Scaevola,” in Massachusetts Spy, 6, 235n1, 288n5, 292, 293–94nn1–2, 322, 348, 372, 373n8, 376, 377n5
Munro, John, 69n2
Murray, James (justice of the peace), 16, 55, 60, 397, 398n1
Murray, Gen James, 109, 110n3, 396, 397n1
Murray, John, 4th Earl of Dunmore (governor of New York and then Virginia), 49, 62n7, 226
Murray, William, 1st Earl of Mansfield. See Mansfield, William Murray, 1st Earl of
Mutiny Act
copies of, 156, 165–66, 178, 180
extension to America, 149, 150n4
failure of General Court to renew, 40, 87n2
proposed amendments to, 150n4
Nantucket, 248, 287, 288n6, 315n3
Native Americans
bill for propagation of gospel to, disallowed by King, 183
Carib rebellion in St. Vincent, West Indies, Dalrymple’s regiment ordered to suppress, 398n4
control of trade with, 122, 123n7, 212, 354
as guides for T. Scammell as surveyor of king’s woods, 207, 218, 241
Jeffries v. Donnell case on deeds of, 248–49, 250–51nn12–14
King Philip’s War, TH’s great-grandfather dying in, 326, 328n15
Penobscot Indians’ claim on Old Town Island, Maine, 272, 273n1
T. Scammell and, 303
Stockbridge or Wappinger Indians, purchase of Nobletown lands from, 396n6
TH on near-extinction of, 354
the Needles, Isle of Wight, 118, 119n1
Dutch West India Company, 396n4
tea smuggled/imported from, 5, 181, 220, 235–43, 256, 260, 323, 351, 358
Nettleham, Bernard’s plans to enclose town of, 81
new and unusual laws, governor’s instructions on, 183
New England Coffee House, 106, 112, 114
New Hampshire
Hinsdale, T. Howard’s application for patent in, 295–300, 375
proposal to annex to Massachusetts, 99
proposal to exchange Maine for equal extent of territory in, 358
shipbuilding in, 256
J. Wentworth appointing provincial judge for, 254
New Haven, CT, 275–76, 386, 396
New Jersey, agent for, 171, 222n2
New York
R. Charles as agent for, 36, 37n4
constitution recommended as pattern for reforming Massachusetts charter, 174
Delancey family controlling legislature of, 36, 37n4
New England, TH on rift in relationship with, 390
permission to issue bills of credit at, 99
tea consumption/smuggling in, 236, 237, 243, 256, 351, 358
W. Tryon’s arrival and reception in, 223, 224n3, 226
New York, border dispute with
Act of New York Assembly regarding, 374
Act passed by General Court on negotiation of, 353, 354, 385, 386
air line versus ground line, 396
April 1772 session of General Court intending to address, 7
background and history on, 275, 395–96
commissioners appointed to negotiate over, 352, 353n3, 364, 365nn2–3, 385, 386–87, 392
dates proposed for negotiation of, 353
failed negotiations of 1767 regarding, 275, 385, 386, 396
Hinsdale, T. Howard’s application for patent in, 295–300, 375
jurisdictional decision in England, TH on, 393
map of province of New York (1772) used in negotiations, 375
preliminary terms of agreement, Tryon’s refusal to meet due to Massachusetts not specifying, 385, 386–87
proclamation of W. Tryon on New York’s right to lands west of Connecticut River, 330
proposal to exchange Maine for equal extent of territory, 358
proposals of TH to W. Tryon regarding, 339, 353, 374
rumors about revival of New York claims to Connecticut River border, 385, 386, 387n5, 395–96
talks to resolve, W. Tryon suggesting, 5–6, 275–79, 282, 283
van Rensselaer grant and, 395, 396n4
Vermont, New York’s claims to, 6, 275, 295
New York City, constitution of, 41, 42n1
New York Gazette or General Advertiser, 59n4
New York Weekly Journal, 59n4
Newbury, MA, 288
Newfoundland, coal from, 174
newspapers. See freedom of the press; printing and publishing; specific newspapers, journals, and individual printers by name
Nickson [Nixon], Christiana, 1st Baroness Donoughmore, 328n19, 329
Nicolson, Colin, 294n2
Nobletown (now Hillsdale, NY), 396n6
nonimportation agreement, 1, 5, 48, 112n1, 124, 135n2, 235, 236, 252, 266n5
North, Lord, and North administration
death of G. Grenville and, 118, 119n2, 139
distractions from colonial challenges to authority of, 53
Junius letters critical of, 138n2
letter asking for approval of S. Mather as first clerk, 109
Parliament, majority in, 30, 53
replacement of Gambier and, 161
salaries of superior court justices and, 376
strength of/decline of opposition, 263, 265, 312
North Carolina
M. Howard and, 263n1
newspaper accounts of fighting in, 207–8
Regulators in, 48, 50n6, 106, 207–8, 235n1, 263
Nova Scotia. See also Halifax
annexation of Maine to, proposals for/threats of, 51, 57, 99, 102, 122
Old Town Island, ME, Penobscot Indians’ claim on, 272, 273n1
Oliver, Andrew
to F. Bernard on non-arrival of Tweed in Boston, 91
Boston Massacre, separate record of, 2, 19–21, 27–34, 67, 144n1
Castle William, royal takeover of, 95
The Censor, contributing articles to, 6, 337, 340
Council proceedings against, 67, 81, 151, 182
king’s approbation of conduct of, 67, 68, 151, 154n2, 212
letter from (16 Nov. 1770), 32
lieutenant governor, appointment and commission as, 3, 53n5, 68, 81, 83, 111n4, 139n3, 154
on May 1772 elections, 371
petition before General Court, 32
portrait by John Singleton Copley (ca. 1758), 33
Proceedings of His Majesty’s Council…Relative to the Deposition of Andrew Oliver, Esq., 34
relationship to TH, 3
sending compliments to J. Gambier, 335
Oliver, Margaret Hutchinson (granddaughter), 120
Oliver, Peter, Sr.
Boston Massacre trials and, 150
as chief justice, 3, 246, 310n3, 311, 342, 352
iron foundry owned by, 150n6
on lawlessness in Machias, 107
relationship to TH, 3
on Richardson conviction, 72, 73n2
shot provided to Castle William by, 150, 166
Oliver, Dr. Peter, Jr. (son-in-law of TH), 120n4
Oliver, Richard, 185, 186n1, 197n3, 284, 287
Oliver, Sarah (Sally) Hutchinson (daughter), 120, 274n1
Otis, James, Jr.
caning by J. Robinson, 90n3, 228–31, 244
drinking problem of, 271
elected to House of Representatives, 187, 205, 206
improper sexual/romantic misalliances attributed to, 278
Jeffries v. Donnell case argued by, 248, 251n14
mental instability of, 4, 187, 205, 247, 253, 271, 284, 287, 311, 314
mentioned in connection with unhealthy dining at the Peacock, 273
response to governor’s opening message in April session (1771), 4
split with S. Adams over charter right of General Court to meet in Boston, 4
verdict against Robinson in assault on, 228–31, 245, 246–47, 246n4
Otis, James, Sr., 314
Ovid, Metamorphoses, 93n5, 199n4
Oxford University, England, 366
Palmer, Mrs., 351
Palmer, William
coach, consulting with F. Bernard on purchase of, 117, 160, 198
history of colony by TH and, 322–23, 324, 363
King’s Chapel communion silver and furnishings, arrangements for, 238, 239–40, 351
letters to
3 Nov. 1770, 15
21 Dec. 1770, 77
20 April 1771, 181
11 July 1771, 220
31 Aug. 1771, 239–40
27 Sept. 1771, 256–57
12 Feb. 1772, 322–23
11 April 1772, 351
28 April 1772, 357
8 May 1772, 362–63
opening message of TH to General Court sent to, for possible publication, 357
paying fees for TH’s commission, 193, 194n7
tea trade and, 181, 220, 239, 243, 256–57, 323, 351
WSH’s travel to London/University of Edinburgh and, 362–63
paper currency, 40
Parliament. See also House of Commons; House of Lords
Abingdon Resolves on unconstitutional actions of, 135n2
Bernard on North ministry’s majority in, 30, 53
distractions from colonial challenges to authority of, 2, 53, 92, 96, 115, 121, 198, 352
fear of war with Spain, TH hoping to capitalize on, to strengthen acceptance of authority of, 188, 189n2
judges not recognizing supremacy of, TH refusing to appoint, 258
lack of authority over colonies, declarations of, 4, 5, 7, 9, 137, 156n1, 173–76, 179, 188, 196–97, 214–17, 218n3, 219n1, 221, 257–58, 265, 267, 288–89, 325
power to reform government and alter Charter, 83, 99
T. Pownall on power and authority of, 233
printers’ crisis, on freedom to report Parliamentary proceedings, 3, 160n6, 185–90, 201
responses to challenges to authority of, 287
royal takeover of Castle William and, 37, 114
tea duty, regulation of, 345, 351
unauthorized settlement in Eastern Country, intervention in, 259, 314
Partridge, Col. Oliver, 330, 331n1, 365
passage of acts, wording for, 1–2, 38n3, 39, 43, 45n3, 46, 47, 88
Passimaquadi, 51
Paterson, Walter (governor of St. John [Prince Edward Island]), 93, 94n2, 332, 333n6
Paxton, Charles
absence from Boston after Massacre, 71n2
asking to be recommended to Lord Townshend, 327
Bernard family members visiting, 76
calling at Province House, 70, 343
J. Gambier and, 335, 361, 398–99
as marshal of court of vice-admiralty, 253
new clerk for customs board, on need for, 109
postprandial napping of, 273
printer for board of customs and, 343
on staff at Castle William, 247, 250n7
tax paid to province by, 225
the Peacock, 273
Pelham, Charles, 19n2
Pemberton, Benjamin, 249, 251n17, 251n18
Pemberton, Ebenezer, 3
Pemberton, Ebenezer, wife of, 131, 199n3
Penn, George, 50n9
Pennsylvania
agent for assembly in, 171, 222n2, 312
New England, TH on rift in relationship with, 390
tea consumption/smuggling in, 256 (See also Philadelphia)
Penobscot Indians’ claim on Old Town Island, ME, 272, 273n1
Penobscot River, country east of. See Maine
Penobscot/Penobscot River, 142, 272, 302, 307, 310, 316
perjury, C. Bourgat[t]e convicted of, 63, 69nn3–4, 125n2
Perkins, Dr. John, 18, 19n2, 224
Philadelphia, tea consumption/smuggling in, 236, 237, 351, 358
Philadelphia Baptist Association, 103n7
Philanthrop (Jonathan Sewall), 92, 94n4, 120n3
Phillips, Major John
financial distress of/petition from, 101, 103n4, 105, 122, 270, 307, 349, 377
Hillsborough on, 101, 103n4, 122, 377
Phillips, Samuel, Sr., 371, 373n5
Phips, Sir William (former governor of Massachusetts), 57, 58n2, 267
Pickman, Benjamin, letter to (17 March 1771), on TH’s governorship, 144
Pitt, William, Lord Chatham, 30, 132, 187, 325, 327n5
Pitts, James, as Kennebec Proprietor, 305n1
Plato, Republic, 365
Plymouth Colony, TH suggesting removal from Massachusetts of, 287, 288n6
Plymouth Patent/Company, 304, 305n1, 329
Pole, Mr. (in Savage case), 308
Port Egmont, Falkland Islands, 27n1
Port Royal (now Annapolis Royal, Acadia), 57, 58nn2–3
Porter, Eleazer, Jr., 330, 331n1
Porter, Mr., 147
Portland, ME. See Falmouth
postal deliveries, delays in, 129, 132, 133, 134, 135, 139, 148, 187–88, 190, 219, 271, 280n1, 307, 335, 344–45, 347, 351
potash, discovery of short process for making, 270, 271n1
Pownall, John
appeal of verdict against J. Robinson on assault of J. Otis Jr. and, 228–31
H. Barnes, threats to, 237n1
F. Bernard collecting American letters from office of, 198, 199n7
F. Bernard’s indisposition and matters too insignificant for attention of Hillsborough, 350n1
F. Bernard’s newspapers sent to, 228
Boston Massacre and, 156n2, 173–74
Cambridge versus Boston, objections to meeting in, 206, 211, 338–39, 382–84
characterization of S. Adams by TH in letter to, 228–31
copies of confidential letters of TH and others, origins of, 29, 30n1
“impudent mandate” message and, 43
letters to
17 Nov. 1770, 35–36
20 Nov. 1770, 41–42
5 Dec. 1770, 57–58
16 Dec. 1770, 72–73
7 Jan. 1771, 88
24 Jan. 1771, 105
4 Feb. 1771, 116
25 Feb. 1771, 129
3 April 1771, 155–56
8 April 1771, 163–65
18 April 1771, 173–74
30 May 1771, 200
5 June 1771, 206
22 June 1771, 211
after 6? July 1771, 216–18
early Aug. 1771 (two versions), 228–31
17 Oct. 1771, 271–72
30 Jan. 1772, 318
18 March 1772, 338–39
15 June 1772, 382–84
mentioned by TH, 247, 267, 293
new royal commissions, receipt of, 155
A. Oliver’s separate account of Boston Massacre and, 27
personal mail to TH sent through, 351
removal of Eastern Country from Massachusetts control and, 105
revision by TH of private letter to, 228–31
E. Richardson pardon and, 72–73, 228–31, 339
royal takeover of Castle William and, 35, 88, 105
seaman held indefinitely in Lancaster Castle due to inability to pay fine, interceding for, 384
Spanish invasion of Falklands and, 82, 95
S. Stillman (Baptist minister) and, 102, 103n8
Pownall, Thomas (former governor of Massachusetts)
Castle William, on royal takeover of, 95n2, 389, 390nn3–4
Gambier and, 24
Commodore Gambier recommended to, 233
letters to
11 Nov. 1770, 24–25
14 Aug. 1771, 233
20 Sept. 1771, 252–53
14 Oct. 1771, 267–68
8 May 1772, 363
22 June 1772, 389–90
Maine, under control of Massachusetts, and, 58
mentioned by F. Bernard, 53n4
Mutiny Act, proposed amendments to, 150n4
Parliament, on power and authority of, 233
on Preston’s acquittal and patriot cause, 24
WSH, letter of recommendation for, 363
“P.Q.,” writing in Massachusetts Gazette and Boston Weekly News-Letter, 340n1
Preb[b]le, Jedidiah, Jr., 62n6, 122, 123n6, 355n4
press. See freedom of the press; printing and publishing; specific newspapers, journals, and individual printers by name
Preston, Capt. Thomas
acquittal of, in Boston Massacre trial, 1, 17–18, 24, 37, 40, 41, 46, 63, 64, 74, 80, 113, 124, 139
post-trial confinement and return to England, 40, 41, 56, 59, 139
soldiers’ trial, involvement in, 45, 56
trial of soldiers compared to trial of, 52
Price, Ezekiel, 193, 194n2, 194n4, 369n3
Prince, Capt. Christopher, and daughter, 270, 271n3
printers’ crisis in London, 3, 160n6, 185–90, 201
printing and publishing. See also freedom of the press; specific newspapers, journals, and individual printers by name
Boston Massacre, printed account of soldiers’ trial in, 55, 57, 59, 61, 106, 112–13, 114
Boston Massacre commemorative oration, printing of, 175, 176n1
of commission of TH as governor, 137, 154, 155n1, 158
correspondence between House and Franklin as agent, publication of, 228
R. Draper’s trepidation about publishing Williams letter, 130, 151
exploitation of divisions between patriots by TH in, 130, 151, 287, 288n5, 337, 340
government party essays, placing of, 6, 288n5, 337, 340
official printer for American customs board, 112, 118, 159, 160n3, 199n1, 343, 349
of opening message of TH to General Court, 357
Sons of Liberty in New York, preferred printer for, 59n1
Waldo, defamation of, 310
protest of the House (22 June 1771), 4, 210–13, 221, 224, 242n2, 261, 266n3, 278, 285, 289–90, 291n2, 299–300, 327n6
Providence, RI, 379, 380n1, 395, 398
Province House, 43, 44n8, 49, 70, 120n2, 183, 343, 398
Public Advertiser, 138n2
public opinion
on Boston Massacre, 1, 17, 46, 57, 63, 64, 66, 70, 74–75, 85, 88, 110, 113, 114, 155–56
Castle William, TH’s understanding of public interpretation of royal takeover of, 110, 113, 114
exploitation of differences in patriot camp, by TH, 4–5, 9, 75, 88, 262–74, 284, 287, 311–31, 337, 340, 346, 358, 371
Hillsborough on, 152
independence of colonies, TH on, 233–34, 252–53, 258, 265, 267, 325, 333n4, 340
misgivings of TH regarding, 252–53, 257, 389–90
on new royal commissions (including TH’s governorship), 139, 144, 147, 151, 154, 156, 158, 161
publishing. See freedom of the press; printing and publishing; specific newspapers, journals, and individual printers by name
Pynchon, William, 317
Quebec, 21n6, 109, 110n3, 307, 328n20
Quincy, Josiah, Jr., 16, 106n3
quit rent proposal for settlers in Eastern Country, 218, 269, 278–79, 358
Quock Walker case, 250n2
Raeburn, Sir Henry, portrait of William Robertson by (1792), 320
Rand, Jonathan (in Savage case), 300, 308
Reeve, Richard, 109, 110n5, 160n4
Regulators, North Carolina, 48, 50n6, 106, 207–8, 235n1, 263
religion. See also Church of England; Congregational ministers of Boston; freedom of religion
Antinomian Crisis, 141n2
Christ Church, Cambridge, pew rent dispute, 82–83, 84n1
“enthusiasts,” TH commenting on, 137
sentiments of TH regarding, 298
thanksgiving proclamation, ministers refusing to read, 6
Rensselaer, Kiliaen van, 395, 396n4
Rensselaer, Stephen van, II, 396n6
Rensselaerwyck, manor of, 396n4
Rhode Island
connections of TH to, 120n1, 141n2, 326
Gaspee, surprising and burning of, 379, 380nn1–2, 395, 398
M. Howard losing house in Stamp Act riots in, 263n1
Plymouth Colony, Nantucket, and Martha’s Vineyard, TH suggesting annexation of, 287, 288n6
tea consumption/smuggling in, 243
J. Temple in, 38
Richardson, Ebenezer
copy of pardon, procuring, 240–41
inability to delay trial of, 70, 72
jury conviction of, 71n4, 72, 331
murder of C. Seider by, 7, 63, 125n1, 127n2, 291n3
pardon for, 7, 63, 72–73, 125, 190–91, 212–13, 228, 230–31, 240–41, 289, 290–91, 331, 376, 377n2
refusal of Court to give sentence in trial of, 70, 71n4, 72–73, 125n1, 331
release from prison, 332–37, 339, 376
two-year imprisonment of, 332
Riggs (in Savage case), 300, 308
Riot Act. See Mutiny Act
Robertson, William
asked to keep watch over WSH at University of Edinburgh, 320, 366
history of the colonies, correspondence with TH regarding, 320, 321
letters to
2 Feb. 1772, 321
10 May 1772, 366
portrait by Sir Henry Raeburn (1792), 320
Robinson, John
appointment of TH’s nephew S. Mather as first clerk of customs commissioners and, 159, 160n4
Boston Massacre, suspicions regarding role in, 90n3
Boutineau’s plan to replace Sewall at Halifax with, 89, 90n3, 90n6, 159, 160n1, 244–47, 249, 317, 336–37, 338, 359
caning of Otis by, 90n3, 228–31, 244
letter to (24 Feb. 1771), 128–29
request for list of fees for port of Boston, 128–29
J. Temple and, 38
traveling to England after Boston Massacre, 71n2
verdict in assault on Otis, 228–31, 245, 246–47, 246n4
Robinson, Mrs. (daughter of James Boutineau), 273, 274n3
Robson, Capt., 322
Rockingham, Marquess of, 328n20
Rogers, Elizabeth Wentworth Gould, 226
Rogers, Nathaniel, death of, 83, 136
Roman Empire, TH on, 325, 327n7, 365
romantic relationships. See marriage; sexual/romantic relationships
Romulus, 365
Ropes, Nathaniel, II, 246, 250n2, 310n3, 311
Rowe, John, 257n2
Royal Marriages Act (1772), 345
Royal Navy. See also Gambier, James; Montagu, John; Sandwich, John Montagu, 4th Earl of
Boston Harbor, taking possession of, 74, 85, 97, 113, 161, 179
customs enforcement, use in, 5
replacement of Gambier as commander-in-chief, 4, 161
rumors of removal of Boston as point of rendezvous for, 161, 162–63, 258
tea smuggling problem and, 235–43
timber in Eastern Country reserved for, threats to, 2, 39, 40, 42, 44, 48, 51, 57–58, 83, 99, 100n3, 103n10, 153, 199n5, 203, 205, 218, 225, 238, 247, 250n11, 259, 268–69, 272, 278–79, 289, 301–10, 312–13, 314, 329, 352, 357, 358
royal prerogative, disputes over, 4, 9, 44n3, 66n2, 106n3, 199, 200n2, 285n3, 358n1
Ruggles, Timothy, 16, 43, 299, 300n1
rum, seaman held indefinitely in Lancaster Castle due to inability to pay fine for illegally importing, 384n8
Russell, Ezekiel, 288n5
Russell, James, 42n1
Russell, Joseph, 112, 159, 160n3, 199n1, 288n5
Russo-Turkish War (1768–1772), 345
Sagadahoc. See Maine
Saint. See specific entries at St.
Salem, 38, 80, 88, 128, 144, 317
Salisbury, 149–50
Salisbury, William, 101, 103n5
salutes, limitations on firings of, 18
Sandwich, John Montagu, 4th Earl of
admiralty appointments and, 368–69
J. Cotton, TH seeking appointment for, 193, 247, 253–54, 261, 359, 360n1, 368
Denmark affair and, 345
as first lord of admiralty in North administration, 161, 194n6, 232
Gainsborough’s portrait of (1783), 370
history of the colony by TH presented to, 359, 360n3, 363
letters to
May 1772, 359
22 May 1772, 368–69
plan to replace Sewall at Halifax with Robinson, and Robinson with Franklin, approval for, 245, 336, 359
provincial vice-admiralty court for Massachusetts, lack of need for, 359, 360n2
Sir Hans Sloane and, 193, 194n9
TH’s lack of personal knowledge of, 193
Sanford (tenant of TH’s Rhode Island lands), 119
Sanford, Elisha, date of death of, 141
Sanford, Grizzel (sister-in-law to TH), 120
Sanford, Peleg, 141n2
Savage, Arthur, kidnapping of, 6, 280–94, 300, 301n2, 304–5, 306, 308–9, 329, 348
Sayward, Jonathan
dedimus to administer oath sent to, 134
letter to (5 March 1771), 134
Scammell, Thomas (surveyor of the king’s woods)
delays in hearing from, 218, 225, 241, 294, 304, 305n2, 352n2
full report awaited from, 302–3, 304, 357
T. Goldthwait asked to assist, 207, 218, 241, 294, 302–3, 304
letters from
2 Jan. 1772, 302–3
8 June 1772, 378
letters to
21 Dec. 1771, 294
28 April 1771, 357
mentioned in letter to Hillsborough, 304
plans, on necessity of having, 378
surveying activities of, 2, 207, 218, 225, 241, 301
Seal, Mr. (in Savage case), 308, 309n2
seal, silver, ordered by TH, 77
Searl (master of vessel and involved in Savage kidnapping), 300
sedition and libel charges against printers, 137, 138n2, 292, 293–294nn1–2, 322, 348
Seider, Christopher
failure to mention name of, in pardon for E. Richardson, 213n3, 240
murder of, by E. Richardson, 7, 63, 125n1, 127n2, 291n3
Seven Years’ War (French and Indian War), 47n1
Sewall, Jonathan
agreement to go take up Halifax position, 317
M. Franklin’s interest in vice-admiralty position, 244, 245
letter to (16 Sept. 1771), 245–46
Philanthrop, replying to Vindex (S. Adams) as, 92, 94n4, 120n3
plan to replace with Robinson at Halifax, 89, 90n3, 90n6, 159, 160n1, 244–47, 249, 317, 336–37, 338, 359
quarrel with customs commissioners, 110n5
WSH as clerk to, 8, 307, 308n3, 360
sexual/romantic relationships. See also marriage
J. Bernard’s relationship with daughter of Capt. Prince, TH reporting on, 270
letter to unknown person from TH counseling against pursuit of, 277–78
Shaddock/Shattuck, Moses, and wife and brother (in Savage case), 300, 308
shagreen watch cases, 15
shaving apparatus ordered by TH, 15
Sheaffe, William, letter to, 128
Shelburne, Earl of, 118, 119n3, 176, 275
Sheppard, William, 193, 194n5, 253, 368
ship voyages. See also specific ships by name
F. Bernard’s account of wife and children’s rough voyage to England, 118
loss of Apthorps in winter storm, 334, 335, 361, 362n7
mail deliveries, delays in, 129, 132, 133, 134, 135, 139, 148, 187–88, 190, 219, 271, 280n1, 307, 335, 344–45, 347, 351
WSH’s account of trip to England, 391
shipbuilding in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, 256
Shirley, Elizabeth, 326, 328n13
Shirley, Sir Thomas (governor of Bahamas), 326, 328n14
Shirley, Lt. Gen. William (governor of Bahamas), 326, 328n13
Shirley Battery, Castle William, 201, 247
A Short Narrative of the Horrid Massacre, 1, 17, 21n6, 32n2, 62n4, 66, 92, 194n2
shorthand/cipher used by TH, xix, 73n1, 77n2
sickness. See health and illness
“Sidney” attacking TH directly in Boston Gazette, 120n3
silver communion service and church furnishings donated to King’s Chapel by TH, 3, 49, 50n11, 238n3, 239–40, 351
silver currency, 40
silver plate and cutlery ordered by TH, 77
silver seal ordered by TH, 77
Silvester, Richard, 49, 50n10, 122–23
Sinkler, Nathaniel, 142
slaves and slavery
bill prohibiting importation of slaves, 183, 212
Quock Walker case finding slavery incompatible with state constitution, 250n2
Somerset[t] Case (1772) on, 286, 288n6
Smith, J. (printer/publisher), 323n2
Smith, William, Jr., 276, 277n2, 396n5
smuggling, 5, 194n2, 235–43, 260, 358, 395
solicitor general, plans to supplement salary of, 254
Somerset[t], James, 288n8
Somerset[t] Case (1772), 286, 288n6
Sons of Liberty
assembly without party distinction and, 90, 106
Boston Massacre trials and, 74
correspondence between colonies, TH’s efforts to disrupt, 390
desire to inflame people against government, 225, 233
foreman in soldiers’ trial for Boston Massacre (J. Mayo) as, 59
Gambier and Men of War as viewed by, 232
judges, appointment of, 237, 337, 356
preferred printer for New York Sons, 59n1
reconciliation sought by, 104
unreasonableness attributed to, 278, 364
South Carolina
nonimportation agreement in, 48
“pale sickly complexion” of, 273
Spain. See Falkland Islands, Spanish seizure of
Spanish Succession, War of the, 57, 58n4
Spear, Mr., 131
St. Augustine, fusiliers sent to Boston from, 165, 187–88
St. George’s/St. George’s River, 268–69, 304n4
St. John (Prince Edward Island), 94n2, 332, 333n6
St. Lawrence, 225
St. Vincent, West Indies, Dalrymple ordered to suppress Carib rebellion in, 398n4
Stamp Act, 121, 257, 260, 327n5
Stamp Act riots, 251n19, 263n1
Stephens, Philip, 94
Steuart, Charles, 288
Stirling, Sir William Alexander, 1st Earl of, 58
Stockbridge or Wappinger Indians, purchase of Nobletown lands from, 396n6
Storer (in Savage case), 300, 308
Story, William
F. Bernard not seen by, in England, 397
carrying letters between England and America, 259, 260, 261, 394
England, trip to, 249, 259, 396n1
Hillsborough apparently asking TH for provincial office for, 396n1, 397
resignation as deputy registrar of vice-admiralty, 194n4, 251n19
Stamp Act riots, house attacked in, 251n19
Wheelwright bankruptcy and, 251n19, 260
stroke suffered by F. Bernard, 8, 341, 345, 349, 350n1, 371, 391, 397
Struensee, Friedrich, 344n2
Stuart, John, 3rd Earl of Bute, 110n3
Suffolk, Henry Howard, 12th Earl of, 119n2
Suffolk County Grand Jury’s refusal to indict I. Thomas for seditious libel, 6, 292
Sullivan, James, 143n4
Sullivan, Maj. Gen. John, 143n4
Sumner, Increase, 142n3
superior court judges
appointments as, 244, 246, 310, 311, 352
denials of Parliamentary authority and, 221
J. Hawley disbarred from practicing before, 159n6, 364–65
on pardon of E. Richardson, 190–91, 212–13, 228, 230–31, 332, 376, 377n2
salaries, TH’s efforts to augment, 7, 64, 89, 244, 246, 250n3, 270, 342, 355, 356, 372, 376–77
Swan (ship), 378
Sykes, tribute of butter expected from, 43
Tarrance/Tenants Harbor, ME, plan for new town at, 205
tarring and feathering, 94n6, 237n1
taxation
S. Adams, inquiry into, as tax collector, 7, 346
American Board of Customs Commissioners, salaries of, 4, 7, 216, 218n2, 218n4, 219, 220–21, 224–25, 261, 313, 314, 389, 397
General Court’s tax bills, 314–15, 354, 395
House’s denial of Parliamentary authority to tax, 214–17, 219n1, 289–90
Regulators in North Carolina objecting to, 208n1
Stamp Act, 121, 257, 260, 327n5
valuation of estates for purposes of, 395
Taylor, Jeremy, 44n6
Taylor, Joseph, 322
Taylor, Nathaniel, 317
tea
Bohea tea, 242
East India Company, monopoly granted to, 5, 9
Netherlands, tea smuggled/imported from, 5, 181, 220, 235–43, 256, 260, 323, 351, 358
Parliamentary regulation of duty on, 345, 351
reduction of duty on, recognition by TH of need for, 235, 237, 239, 243, 256, 351
rising consumption of, in America, 5, 220, 236, 242
smuggling of, 5, 256–57, 260, 358
TH and sons importing, 5, 15, 77, 181, 220, 235–43, 323
Townshend Acts, partial repeal of, 1, 5, 233n1
Temple, Earl of, 118, 119n3, 176
Temple, John
Bollan and, 70–71
in Boston after Massacre, 71n2
J. Bowdoin (father-in-law) and, 8, 361, 362n5
dismissed as commissioner, 16n4
fear of TH that Temple has discredited him with Whately, 316
T. Folger and, 315n3
mentioned in TH letter to Bernard, 83, 84n3
obtaining post as surveyor general of customs in England, 8, 361, 362n5, 372, 373n9
W. Story, financial troubles of, 251n19
traveling to Britain to defend himself against fellow commissioners’ charges, 16, 38, 75, 76n3, 181n1
T. Whately possibly blackmailed by, 8n11, 362n5
Temple, Sir Thomas, 58n5
Tenants Harbor, ME, 205n4
Thales of Miletus, 105n4
thanksgiving proclamation, ministers refusing to read, 6
Thayer, Arodi, 194n5, 368, 369n2
Thomas, Isaiah, and “Mucius Scaevola” letter, 6, 292, 293n2, 348, 372, 373n8, 376, 377n5
Thompson, Capt., 274
tide surveyor, Boston customs district, 193, 194n5
timber
Bollan’s letter on, 312–13
Eastern Country, affected by unrestricted settlement east of, 2, 39, 40, 42, 44, 48, 51, 57–58, 83, 99, 100n3, 103n10, 153, 199n5, 203, 205, 218, 225, 238, 241, 247, 250n11, 259, 268–69, 272, 278–79, 301–10, 312–13, 314, 329, 352, 357, 358
financial settlement with settlers to preserve, Kennebec Proprietors’ petition regarding, 301, 304, 305n1, 329
Penobscot River, timber lands around, 272
for repairs to Castle William, 116
second bounty on, continuance of, 345
surveying for purposes of, 153, 207, 218, 225, 294
Titcomb, Andrew (in Savage case), 300, 308, 309n3
tobacco tongs, owned by William Hutchinson (ancestor of TH), 326
Tooke, John Horne, 119n3
Tookey, John (in Savage case), 300, 308
Tower of London, 3, 160, 185, 196, 197nn3–4
Town House, Boston, 8, 70, 71n7
Townshend, Charles, 328n20
Townshend, George, 1st Marquess, 327, 328n20
Townshend Acts, partial repeal of, 1, 5, 233n1
Treason Act, applicable to accusations of treason in colonies, 171, 172n7, 174
Trial of William Wemms et al. (1770), 59n3, 93, 94n3
Trowbridge, Edmund, 65n2, 342n4
truckmasters
at Fort Pownall, 61, 62n6, 83, 84n8, 122, 123n6, 179, 183, 186, 354, 355n4
vetoing of appointments by TH, 179n2, 183, 212
Truman, Edward, portrait of TH by (1741), iv
Tryon, William (as governor of New York)
arrival and reception in New York, 223, 224n3, 226
congratulated by TH on governorship, 234
Hinsdale, T. Howard’s application for patent in, 295–98
letters from
6 Nov. 1771, 275–77
letters to
24 Aug. 1771, 234
25 Nov. 1771, 279
28 Nov. 1771, 283
21 Dec. 1771 (two versions), 295–98
24 June 1772, 392
New York/Massachusetts border dispute and, 5–6, 275–79, 282, 283, 330, 339, 353, 354, 374, 385–99 (See also New York, border dispute with)
proclamation on New York’s rights to country west of Connecticut River, 330
Tryon, William (as governor of North Carolina), and Regulators, 50n6, 208n1, 235n1
Tunbridge Waters, 26
turtle, feasting on, 273
Tweed (ship), 16, 44, 49, 53, 61, 62n7, 70, 76, 79n1, 81, 82, 118
Tyler, Royall, 21n2
universities
Cambridge, England, 366
Edinburgh, WSH traveling to Great Britain to attend University of, 320, 360–69
Harvard, 8, 250n2, 301n1, 328nn13–14, 331n2, 353n2, 362n6
Oxford, England, 366
unknown persons, letters of TH to
31 Jan. 1771 (to member of General Court), 111
24 May 1771, 196–97
5 June 1771, 204–5
17 July 1771, 220–22
30 Sept. 1771, 257–58
9 Oct. 1771, 266–67
12 Nov. 1771, 277–78
24 Jan. 1772, 312–13
5 April 1772, 344–45
10 April or later, 1772, 349–50
28 April 1772, 358
Utrecht, Treaty of (1713), 57, 58n4
van Rensselaer, Kiliaen, 395, 396n4
van Rensselaer, Stephen, II, 396n6
Vassall, William, Sr. and Jr., 361, 362n6, 363, 366
Venner, Samuel, 110n5
Vermont
Hinsdale, T. Howard’s application for patent in, 295–300, 375
New York’s claims to, 6, 275, 295
Vindex, S. Adams writing as, 92, 94n4, 110, 115n1, 120n3
Virgil
Fourth Eclogue, 390n5
Georgics, 253n2
Virginia
governorship of, 226n2
separate agent for House of Burgesses in, 171
Virginia Resolves, 173
Waldo, Francis, 112, 113n1, 224, 225n1, 245, 247, 250n8, 310
Waldo, Gen. Samuel, 113n1
Wales, death of Princess Dowager of, 347
Walsingham, William de Gray, Baron, 30
Wanton (involved in Savage kidnapping), 300
Wanton, Joseph (governor of Rhode Island), 379, 380n2
Wappinger or Stockbridge Indians, purchase of Nobletown lands from, 396n6
war, A. Mackay on disadvantages of, 192
War of the Spanish Succession, 57, 58n4
watch/watch chain repairs and replacements, 15
Watson, Col. George, 388n2
Watson, Mary (Polly), 388n2
Wedderburn, Alexander, 118, 119n2, 266
Wentworth, John (surveyor of the woods and governor of New Hampshire)
Denmark affair and, 344
letters to
22 Nov. 1770, 41
29 July 1771, 226
3 April 1772, 344
mentioned in letter to Hillsborough, 51
portrait of, by John Singleton Copley (1769), 227
provincial judge for New Hampshire appointed by, 254
T. Scammell and, 302
Westminster School, Frank Bernard at, 18
whale oil, J. Hancock’s speculation in, 315n3
Whately, MA, incorporation of township of, 189
Whately, Thomas
fear of TH that J. Temple has discredited him with, 316
letters to
25 Jan. 1771, 106–7
14 May 1771, 189
North ministry appointment, 118, 119n2, 139, 189
publication of TH’s private letters to, 9
J. Temple possibly blackmailing, 8n11, 362n5
Wheeler (involved in Savage kidnapping), 300
Wheelwright, John, vetoed as truckmaster by TH, 179n2, 183
Wheelwright, Mrs. (sister of man dying intestate), 104
Wheelwright, Nathaniel, 249, 251n19, 260
White & Tucker, 317
Whitewood, letters from F. Bernard sent by, 162
Wilkes, John
Bill of Rights Society and, 119n3, 133
B. Crosby as supporter of, 160n6
printers’ crisis and, 189n3
prosecution of, 30n6
William III (king of England), 24, 70, 132
Williams, Maj. Elijah, death of, 330, 331n2
Williams, Col. Israel
Cambridge versus Boston, on objections to meeting in, 284–85
on commission of TH as governor, 157–58
congratulating TH on governorship, 147
on degrees of lawful marriage, 147, 148nn2–3, 158
governors, anecdote regarding, 364
Hampshire Co. appointments, TH consulting on, 43, 44n5
Hawley, suspension/restoration of, 364–65
on inheritance by bastard child, 157
intestates, law regarding, 103–4, 284–85
letters from
28 March 1771, 147
5 March 1772, 330
letters to
10 Dec. 1770, 66
10 Jan. 1771, 92
23 Jan. 1771, 103–4
7 March 1771, 134–35
1 April 1771, 151
6 April 1771, 157–58
2 Dec. 1771, 284–285
17 March 1772, 338
9 May 1772, 364–65
militia commissions desired by, 330, 338, 365
New York, border dispute with, 330
prorogation of General Court, spreading notice of, 134–35
satirical letter written by, at request of TH, 104n3, 126, 130, 151
Williams, Jonathan, Sr., 247, 250n7
Wilmot, Mr., 131
Wolfe, James, 328n20
wood. See timber
Wood, Thomas, An Institute of the Laws of England (1736), 71n3
Woodbridge, Timothy, 203n2
Woodfall, Henry Sampson, 138n2
Worthington, John
letters to
22 Nov. 1770, 43
19 March 1772, 339
New York, border dispute with, 339
on Capt. J. Root, 330
Superior Court seat not wanted by, 310n3
York, Neil, 294n2
Young, Thomas, 106
Zobel, Hiller B., 27n3